Who are you, really? The puzzle of personality | Brian Little | TED

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

What an intriguing group of individuals you are ...

Kakva ste vi grupa fascinantnih pojedinaca...

to a psychologist.

za psihologa.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I've had the opportunity over the last couple of days

Imao sam priliku tokom prethodnih nekoliko dana

of listening in on some of your conversations

da prisluškujem neke od vaših razgovora

and watching you interact with each other.

i da vas gledam kako interagujete jedni s drugima.

And I think it's fair to say, already,

I mislim da je pošteno reći, već,

that there are 47 people in this audience,

da ima 47 ljudi u ovoj publici,

at this moment,

u ovom momentu,

displaying psychological symptoms I would like to discuss today.

koji ispoljavaju psihološke simptome o kojima ću danas da raspravljam.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And I thought you might like to know who you are.

I smatrao sam da biste voleli da znate ko ste.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

But instead of pointing at you,

No umesto da upirem prstom u vas,

which would be gratuitous and intrusive,

što bi bilo nepravedno i nametljivo.

I thought I would tell you a few facts and stories,

Mislio sam da vam ispričam nekoliko činjenica i priča,

in which you may catch a glimpse of yourself.

u kojima biste mogli da uhvatite nagoveštaj samih sebe.

I'm in the field of research known as personality psychology,

Radim u oblasti istraživanja poznatoj kao psihologija ličnosti,

which is part of a larger personality science

koja je deo veće nauke o ličnosti

which spans the full spectrum, from neurons to narratives.

koja se proteže čitavim rasponom od neurona do pripovedanja.

And what we try to do,

A mi pokušavamo,

in our own way,

na svoj način,

is to make sense of how each of us --

da shvatimo kako svako od nas -

each of you --

svako od vas -

is, in certain respects,

je na neki način

like all other people,

nalik svim drugim ljudima,

like some other people

liči na neke druge ljude

and like no other person.

i ne liči na bilo koga drugog.

Now, already you may be saying of yourself,

Sad, već možda govorite sebi:

"I'm not intriguing.

"Nisam fascinantan.

I am the 46th most boring person in the Western Hemisphere."

Na 46. mestu sam najdosadnijih osoba na zapadnoj hemisferi."

Or you may say of yourself,

Ili možda govorite sebi:

"I am intriguing,

"Fascinantan sam,

even if I am regarded by most people as a great, thundering twit."

čak iako većina drugih ljudi misli da sam veliki, gromoglasni glupan."

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

But it is your self-diagnosed boringness and your inherent "twitiness"

Ali ta je vaša dijagnoza sebe kao dosade i vaša urođena "budalastost"

that makes me, as a psychologist, really fascinated by you.

ono zbog čega sam ja, kao psihoog, fasciniran vama.

So let me explain why this is so.

Dozvolite da vam objasnim zašto je tako.

One of the most influential approaches in personality science

Jedan od najuticajnijih pristupa u nauci o ličnosti

is known as trait psychology,

je poznat kao psihologija karaktera

and it aligns you along five dimensions which are normally distributed,

i ona vas svrstava u pet dimenzija koje su obično rasprostranjene,

and that describe universally held aspects of difference between people.

i koje opisuju univerzalno shvaćene aspekte razlika među ljudima.

They spell out the acronym OCEAN.

One ispisuju akronim OKEAN.

So, "O" stands for "open to experience,"

Dakle, "O" stoji za "otvoreni za iskustva",

versus those who are more closed.

nasuprot onima koji su zatvoreniji.

"C" stands for "conscientiousness,"

"K" stoji za "kulturni pojedinci",

in contrast to those with a more lackadaisical approach to life.

nasuprot onima krajnje nekulturnim.

"E" -- "extroversion," in contrast to more introverted people.

"E" - "ekstravertnost", nasuprot introvertnijim ljudima.

"A" -- "agreeable individuals,"

"A" - "akribičnost",

in contrast to those decidedly not agreeable.

nasuprot onima s nešto apatičnijem pristupom životu.

And "N" -- "neurotic individuals,"

I "N" - neurotični pojedinci",

in contrast to those who are more stable.

nasuprot onima koji su stabilniji.

All of these dimensions have implications for our well-being,

Sve ove dimenzije nagoveštavaju naše stanje,

for how our life goes.

kako teče naš život.

And so we know that, for example,

Te znamo, na primer,

openness and conscientiousness are very good predictors of life success,

otvorenost i akribičnost su dobri predskazivači uspeha u životu,

but the open people achieve that success through being audacious

ali otvoreni ljudi postižu uspeh putem odvažnosti

and, occasionally, odd.

i, ponekad, čudaštva.

The conscientious people achieve it through sticking to deadlines,

Savesni ljudi to postižu držeći se rokova,

to persevering, as well as having some passion.

upornošću, kao i uz posedovanje strasti.

Extroversion and agreeableness are both conducive

Ekstravertnost i prijatnost pogoduju

to working well with people.

dobroj saradnji s ljudima.

Extroverts, for example, I find intriguing.

Na primer, fascinantni su mi ekstraverti.

With my classes, I sometimes give them a basic fact

Na mojim predavanjima ponekad iznosim osnovne činjenice

that might be revealing with respect to their personality:

koje mogu da razotkriju njihove ličnosti:

I tell them that it is virtually impossible for adults

kažem im da je odraslima praktično nemoguće

to lick the outside of their own elbow.

da liznu spoljašnjost njihovog lakta.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Did you know that?

Da li ste to znali?

Already, some of you have tried to lick the outside of your own elbow.

Već su neki od vas pokušali da liznu spoljašnjost svog lakta.

But extroverts amongst you

No ekstraverti među vama

are probably those who have not only tried,

ne samo da su probali,

but they have successfully licked the elbow

već su uspešno liznuli lakat

of the person sitting next to them.

osobe koja sedi pored njih.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Those are the extroverts.

To su ekstraverti.

Let me deal in a bit more detail with extroversion,

Dozvolite da se osvrnem podrobnije na ekstravertnost

because it's consequential and it's intriguing,

jer je važna i fascinantna

and it helps us understand what I call our three natures.

i pomaže nam da razumemo nešto što nazivam našim trima prirodama.

First, our biogenic nature -- our neurophysiology.

Prvo, našu biogenetičku prirodu - našu neurofiziologiju.

Second, our sociogenic or second nature,

Drugo, našu sociogenetičku ili drugu prirodu,

which has to do with the cultural and social aspects of our lives.

koja je u vezi sa kulturološkim i društvenim aspektima naših života.

And third, what makes you individually you -- idiosyncratic --

I treće, ono što vas pojedinačno čini vama - idiosinkratičnost -

what I call your "idiogenic" nature.

nešto što nazivam vašom "idiogenetičkom" prirodom.

Let me explain.

Dozvolite da objasnim.

One of the things that characterizes extroverts is they need stimulation.

Jedna od stvari koja karakteriše ekstraverte je potreba za stimulacijom.

And that stimulation can be achieved by finding things that are exciting:

A ta stimulacija se postiže otkrivanjem uzbudljivih stvari:

loud noises, parties and social events here at TED --

buka, žurke i društveni događaji ovde na TED-u -

you see the extroverts forming a magnetic core.

zapažate ekstraverte kako obrazuju magnetna jezgra.

They all gather together.

Svi se okupljaju.

And I've seen you.

I video sam vas.

The introverts are more likely to spend time in the quiet spaces

Introverti su skloniji da provode vreme na tihim mestima

up on the second floor,

gore na drugom spratu,

where they are able to reduce stimulation --

gde mogu da umanje stimulanse -

and may be misconstrued as being antisocial,

te mogu da budu pogrešno shvaćeni kao nedruštveni,

but you're not necessarily antisocial.

ali niste nužno nedruštveni.

It may be that you simply realize that you do better

Možda ste prosto shvatili da više postižete

when you have a chance to lower that level of stimulation.

kad imate priliku da umanjite nivo stimulansa.

Sometimes it's an internal stimulant, from your body.

Ponekad je to unutrašnji stimulans, iz vašeg tela.

Caffeine, for example, works much better with extroverts than it does introverts.

Kofein, na primer, bolje deluje kod ekstraverta nego kod introverta.

When extroverts come into the office at nine o'clock in the morning

Kad ekstravert dođe u kancelariju u devet sati ujutru

and say, "I really need a cup of coffee,"

i kaže: "Stvarno mi treba šolja kafe",

they're not kidding --

ne šali se -

they really do.

stvarno im treba.

Introverts do not do as well,

Kod introverta ne deluje tako dobro,

particularly if the tasks they're engaged in --

naročito ako je zadatak kojim se bave -

and they've had some coffee --

a popili su nešto kafe -

if those tasks are speeded,

ako su ti zadaci ubrzani

and if they're quantitative,

i ako su kvantitativni,

introverts may give the appearance of not being particularly quantitative.

introverti mogu da odaju utisak da nisu naročito kvantitativni.

But it's a misconstrual.

No to je pogrešno tumačenje.

So here are the consequences that are really quite intriguing:

Dakle, ovo su posledice koje su zaista prilično fascinantne:

we're not always what seem to be,

nismo uvek ono što se činimo da jesmo,

and that takes me to my next point.

a to me dovodi do sledećeg zaključka.

I should say, before getting to this,

Rekao bih, pre nego stignem do toga,

something about sexual intercourse,

nešto o seksualnom opštenju,

although I may not have time.

iako možda nemam vremena.

And so, if you would like me to --

pa, ako biste voleli -

yes, you would?

da, voleli biste?

OK.

U redu.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

There are studies done

Rađena su istraživanja

on the frequency with which individuals engage in the conjugal act,

o učestalosti kojom se pojedinci bave supružničkim obavezama,

as broken down by male, female; introvert, extrovert.

razloženi su na muškarce, žene; introverte, ekstraverte.

So I ask you:

Pa vas pitam:

How many times per minute --

koliko puta u minuti -

oh, I'm sorry, that was a rat study --

oh, izvinite, to je istraživanje na pacovima -

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

How many times per month

Koliko puta mesečno

do introverted men engage in the act?

introvertni muškarci obavljaju taj čin?

3.0.

3.0.

Extroverted men?

Ekstravertni muškarci?

More or less?

Više ili manje?

Yes, more.

Da, više.

5.5 -- almost twice as much.

5.5 - skoro dvostruko više.

Introverted women: 3.1.

Introvertne žene: 3.1.

Extroverted women?

Ekstravertne ežene?

Frankly, speaking as an introverted male,

Iskreno, govoreći kao introvertni muškarac,

which I will explain later --

objasniću to kasnije -

they are heroic.

one su heroji.

7.5.

7.5.

They not only handle all the male extroverts,

Ne samo da se izbore sa svim muškim ekstravertima,

they pick up a few introverts as well.

već pokupe i po nekog introverta.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

We communicate differently, extroverts and introverts.

Različito komuniciramo, ekstraverti i introverti.

Extroverts, when they interact,

Ekstraverti, kad interaguju,

want to have lots of social encounter punctuated by closeness.

žele da imaju što više društvenih susreta s naglaskon na bliskost.

They'd like to stand close for comfortable communication.

Vole da stoje blizu radi ugodne komunikacije.

They like to have a lot of eye contact,

Vole da imaju mnogo kontakta očima,

or mutual gaze.

iliti uzajamnog zurenja.

Otkrili smo u nekim istraživanjima

We found in some research

that they use more diminutive terms when they meet somebody.

da koriste više deminutiv kad upoznaju nekoga.

So when an extrovert meets a Charles,

Pa kad ekstravert upozna Čarlsa,

it rapidly becomes "Charlie," and then "Chuck,"

on brzo postaje "Čarli", a potom "Čak",

and then "Chuckles Baby."

a onda "Čakls Bejbi".

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Whereas for introverts,

Dok za introverte

it remains "Charles," until he's given a pass to be more intimate

on ostaje "Čarls", sve dok dobije dozvolu za veću prisnost

by the person he's talking to.

od osobe s kojom razgovara.

We speak differently.

Govorimo različito.

Extroverts prefer black-and-white, concrete, simple language.

Ekstraverti više vole crno-beli konkretan, jednostavan jezik.

Introverts prefer -- and I must again tell you

Introverti više vole - i moram da vam ponovim

that I am as extreme an introvert as you could possibly imagine --

da sam najekstremniji oblik introverta koji možete da zamislite -

we speak differently.

mi govorimo različito.

We prefer contextually complex,

Nama se više sviđaju kontekstualno složene,

contingent,

nepredvidljive,

weasel-word sentences --

rečenice s izvijenim rečima -

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

More or less.

Manje-više.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

As it were.

Tako je to.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Not to put too fine a point upon it --

Da ne pravim suviše prefinjenu poentu -

like that.

poput te.

When we talk,

Kada razgovaramo,

we sometimes talk past each other.

ponekad govorimo jedni mimo drugih.

I had a consulting contract I shared with a colleague

Imao sam konsultativni ugovor koji sam delio sa kolegom,

who's as different from me as two people can possibly be.

koji se razlikuje od mene koliko ljudi mogu da se razlikuju.

First, his name is Tom.

Pre svega, zove se Tom.

Mine isn't.

Ja se ne zovem tako.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Secondly, he's six foot five.

Zatim, visok je 195,5 cm.

I have a tendency not to be.

To nije moje svojstvo.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And thirdly, he's as extroverted a person as you could find.

I pod tri: on je najekstravertnija osoba koju možete da sretnete.

I am seriously introverted.

Ja sam ozbiljno introvertan.

I overload so much,

Tako lako se preopteretim,

I can't even have a cup of coffee after three in the afternoon

da ne mogu da popijem šolju kafe nakon tri sata popodne

and expect to sleep in the evening.

i da se nadam snu uveče.

We had seconded to this project a fellow called Michael.

Imali smo pomoćnika na ovom projektu, kolegu po imenu Majkl.

And Michael almost brought the project to a crashing halt.

I Majkl je umalo doveo projekat do potpunog zastoja.

So the person who seconded him asked Tom and me,

Pa je osoba koja je njemu bila pomoćnik upitala Toma i mene:

"What do you make of Michael?"

"Kako vam se čini Majkl?"

Well, I'll tell you what Tom said in a minute.

Pa, reći ću vam ubrzo šta je Tom rekao.

He spoke in classic "extrovert-ese."

Govorio je klasičnom "ekstravertnošću".

And here is how extroverted ears heard what I said,

I evo kako je ekstravertovano uho čulo šta sam rekao,

which is actually pretty accurate.

što je prilično tačno.

I said, "Well Michael does have a tendency at times

Rekao sam: "Pa, Majkl ima tendenciju ponekad

of behaving in a way that some of us might see

da se ponaša na način koji bi neki od nas videli

as perhaps more assertive than is normally called for."

kao možda preteranu samouverenost koja je inače bez pokrića."

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Tom rolled his eyes and he said,

Tom je prevrnuo očima i rekao:

"Brian, that's what I said:

"Brajane, to sam ja rekao:

he's an asshole!"

on je šupak!"

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Now, as an introvert,

Sad, kao introvert,

I might gently allude to certain "assholic" qualities

mogao bih blago da aludiram na izvesne "šupkolike" kvalitete

in this man's behavior,

u ponašanju ovog čoveka,

but I'm not going to lunge for the a-word.

ali neću posegnuti za rečju na š.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

But the extrovert says,

Ali ekstravert bi rekao:

"If he walks like one, if he talks like one, I call him one."

"Ako hoda tako, ako govori tako, ja ga tako i zovem."

And we go past each other.

I mi se mimoilazimo.

Now is this something that we should be heedful of?

Sad, da li bismo zbog ovoga trebali da budemo obazrivi?

Of course.

Naravno.

It's important that we know this.

Važno je da znamo ovo.

Is that all we are?

Da li se na to svodimo?

Are we just a bunch of traits?

Da li smo samo gomila osobina?

No, we're not.

Ne, nismo.

Remember, you're like some other people

Zapamtite, vi ste poput drugih ljudi,

and like no other person.

i kao niko drugi.

How about that idiosyncratic you?

Šta je sa vašom idiosinkratičnošću?

As Elizabeth or as George,

Kao Elizabet ili kao Džordž

you may share your extroversion or your neuroticism.

možda delite svoju ekstravertovanost ili svoju neurotičnost.

But are there some distinctively Elizabethan features of your behavior,

Ali postoje li neke jedinstvene elizabetanske crte vašeg ponašanja

or Georgian of yours,

ili džordžijanskog,

that make us understand you better than just a bunch of traits?

zbog kojih vas razumemo bolje nego gomilu osobina?

That make us love you?

Zbog kojih vas volimo?

Not just because you're a certain type of person.

Ne samo zato što ste određeni tip osobe.

I'm uncomfortable putting people in pigeonholes.

Neugodno mi je da klasifikujem ljude.

I don't even think pigeons belong in pigeonholes.

Ne verujem čak ni da je krompiru mesto u klasama.

So what is it that makes us different?

Pa šta nas to čini drugačijim?

It's the doings that we have in our life -- the personal projects.

To su naša dela koja činimo u životu - lični projekti.

You have a personal project right now,

Trenutno imate lični projekat,

but nobody may know it here.

ali možda niko ovde ne zna za to.

It relates to your kid --

Odnosi se na vaše dete -

you've been back three times to the hospital,

tri puta ste se vraćali u bolnicu,

and they still don't know what's wrong.

a oni i dalje ne znaju šta nije u redu.

Or it could be your mom.

Ili možda vašu majku.

And you'd been acting out of character.

I vi biste izneverili svoj karakter.

These are free traits.

To su slobodne osobine.

You're very agreeable, but you act disagreeably

Veoma ste kulturni, ali ponašate se nekulturno

in order to break down those barriers of administrative torpor

kako biste srušili te barijere administrativne tromosti

in the hospital,

u bolnici,

to get something for your mom or your child.

da biste nabavili nešto za majku ili svoje dete.

What are these free traits?

Šta su ove slobodne osobine?

They're where we enact a script

Tu odigravamo scenario

in order to advance a core project in our lives.

kako bi napredovao ključni projekat u našim životima.

And they are what matters.

I one su važne.

Don't ask people what type you are;

Ne pitajte ljude koji su tip;

ask them, "What are your core projects in your life?"

pitajte ih: "Koji su ključni projekti u vašem životu?"

And we enact those free traits.

I mi odigravamo te slobodne osobine.

I'm an introvert,

Ja sam introvert,

but I have a core project, which is to profess.

ali moj ključni projekat je podučavanje.

I'm a professor.

Ja sam profesor.

And I adore my students,

I ja obožavam svoje studente,

and I adore my field.

i obožavam svoju oblast.

And I can't wait to tell them about what's new, what's exciting,

I jedva čekam da im kažem šta je novo, šta je uzbudljivo,

what I can't wait to tell them about.

što jedva čekam da im kažem.

And so I act in an extroverted way,

Te delujem ekstravertovano

because at eight in the morning,

jer u osam ujutru

the students need a little bit of humor,

studentima je potrebna mala doza humora,

a little bit of engagement to keep them going

malo angažovanosti da ih pokrene

in arduous days of study.

u napornim danima učenja.

But we need to be very careful

Ali moramo da budemo veoma oprezni

when we act protractedly out of character.

kad predugo izneveravamo karakter.

Sometimes we may find that we don't take care of ourselves.

Ponekad možemo da otkrijemo da ne vodimo računa o sebi.

I find, for example, after a period of pseudo-extroverted behavior,

Otkrio sam, na primer, nakon perioda kvazi-ekstravertnog ponašanja,

I need to repair somewhere on my own.

da moram negde da se samoobnovim.

As Susan Cain said in her "Quiet" book,

Kako je Suzan Kejn rekla u svojoj knjizi "Quiet",

in a chapter that featured the strange Canadian professor

u poglavlju koje se bavi čudnim profesorom iz Kanade

who was teaching at the time at Harvard,

koji je svojevremeno predavao na Harvardu,

I sometimes go to the men's room

ponekad odem do muškog toaleta

to escape the slings and arrows of outrageous extroverts.

da izbegnem bičeve i udarce razuzdanih ekstraverta.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I remember one particular day when I was retired to a cubicle,

Sećam se naročito dana kad sam se povukao u kabinu,

trying to avoid overstimulation.

pokušavajući da izbegnem preterane stimulanse.

And a real extrovert came in beside me -- not right in my cubicle,

A istinski ekstravert je došao - nije baš ušao u moju kabinu -

but in the next cubicle over --

već u susednu kabinu -

and I could hear various evacuatory noises,

i mogao sam da čujem neke zvuke pražnjenja,

which we hate -- even our own,

koje mrzimo - čak i sopstvene,

that's why we flush during as well as after.

stoga puštamo vodu tokom i nakon nužde.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And then I heard this gravelly voice saying,

A onda sam čuo taj barušnasti glas kako govori:

"Hey, is that Dr. Little?"

"Hej, da li je to dr Litl?"

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

If anything is guaranteed to constipate an introvert for six months,

Ako nešto garantuje šestomesečnu konstipaciju kod introverta,

it's talking on the john.

to je pričanje na šolji.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

That's where I'm going now.

Sad idem tamo.

Don't follow me.

Ne pratite me.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)