Who are you, really? The puzzle of personality | Brian Little | TED

Prevoditelj: Valentina Kovac Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

What an intriguing group of individuals you are ...

Kakva li ste samo intrigantna grupa individualaca...

to a psychologist.

za jednog psihologa.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I've had the opportunity over the last couple of days

Zadnjih nekoliko dana sam imao priliku

of listening in on some of your conversations

načuti neke od vaših razgovora

and watching you interact with each other.

i promatrati vaše međusobne interakcije.

And I think it's fair to say, already,

I mislim da se, već sada, može reći

that there are 47 people in this audience,

da postoji 47 osoba u ovoj publici koje

at this moment,

upravo u ovome trenutku

displaying psychological symptoms I would like to discuss today.

pokazuje psihičke simptome o kojima bih htio danas popričati.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And I thought you might like to know who you are.

I mislio sam da bi ste možda htjeli saznati tko ste.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But instead of pointing at you,

Ali umjesto da pokazujem na vas,

which would be gratuitous and intrusive,

što bi bilo nepotrebno i nametljivo,

I thought I would tell you a few facts and stories,

mislio sam vam ispričati nekoliko činjenica i priča

in which you may catch a glimpse of yourself.

u kojima ćete možda prepoznati dio sebe.

I'm in the field of research known as personality psychology,

Ja sam u istraživačkom polju koje je poznato kao psihologija osobnosti

which is part of a larger personality science

što je dio veće znanosti o osobnosti

which spans the full spectrum, from neurons to narratives.

koja obuhvaća cijeli spektar od neurona do naracije.

And what we try to do,

I ono što mi pokušavamo,

in our own way,

na naš vlastiti način,

is to make sense of how each of us --

jest objasniti kako je svatko od nas

each of you --

svatko od vas

is, in certain respects,

u određenim aspektima

like all other people,

poput svih ostali ljudi,

like some other people

poput nekih ljudi,

and like no other person.

i poput nijedne osobe.

Now, already you may be saying of yourself,

Možda odmah govorite za sebe

"I'm not intriguing.

"Ja nisam intrigantan.

I am the 46th most boring person in the Western Hemisphere."

Ja sam 46. najdosadnija osoba u Zapadnoj polutki."

Or you may say of yourself,

ili možda kažete za sebe,

"I am intriguing,

"Ja sam intrigantan

even if I am regarded by most people as a great, thundering twit."

Iako me većina ljudi smatra velikim, glasnim čudakom."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But it is your self-diagnosed boringness and your inherent "twitiness"

Upravo je tvoja samodijagnoza dosade i urođena "čudnovatost"

that makes me, as a psychologist, really fascinated by you.

ono čime mene kao psihologa fasciniraš.

So let me explain why this is so.

Dakle da pojasnim zašto je to tako.

One of the most influential approaches in personality science

Jedno od najutjecajnijih pristupa u znanosti o osobnosti

is known as trait psychology,

poznat je kao psihologija ličnosti

and it aligns you along five dimensions which are normally distributed,

koja svrstava osobu u 5 dimenzija, koje su normalno podijeljene.

and that describe universally held aspects of difference between people.

I kojima se opisuju opće značajke različitosti između ljudi.

They spell out the acronym OCEAN.

Zajedno tvore akronim "OCEAN". (OSEUN)

So, "O" stands for "open to experience,"

"O" znači otvorenost

versus those who are more closed.

suprotno onima koji su više zatvoreni.

"C" stands for "conscientiousness,"

"S" znači savjesnost

in contrast to those with a more lackadaisical approach to life.

za razliku od onih koji vode više pasivan život.

"E" -- "extroversion," in contrast to more introverted people.

"E"- ekstraverzija nasuprot više introvertiranim osobama.

"A" -- "agreeable individuals,"

"U" - "ugodni individualci"

in contrast to those decidedly not agreeable.

za razliku od onih koji su izrazito neugodni.

And "N" -- "neurotic individuals,"

i "N" -- "neurotično pojedinci",

in contrast to those who are more stable.

za razliku od onih koji su stabilniji.

All of these dimensions have implications for our well-being,

Ove sve dimenzije imaju učinak na naše blagostanje

for how our life goes.

za vrijeme našega života.

And so we know that, for example,

I tako znamo da su, npr.

openness and conscientiousness are very good predictors of life success,

otvorenost i savjesnost dobri pokazatelji za uspješan život,

but the open people achieve that success through being audacious

ali otvoreni ljudi ostvaruju taj uspjeh svojom neustrašivosti

and, occasionally, odd.

te povremenim čudnim ponašanjem.

The conscientious people achieve it through sticking to deadlines,

Savjesni ljudi to postižu pridržavanjem rokova,

to persevering, as well as having some passion.

ustrajnošću te pomoću strasti.

Extroversion and agreeableness are both conducive

Ekstrovertiranost i ugodnost se oboje dobro slažu

to working well with people.

u radu s ljudima.

Extroverts, for example, I find intriguing.

Ekstroverte npr. smatram intrigantnima.

With my classes, I sometimes give them a basic fact

Svojim studentima nekada kažem osnovnu činjenicu

that might be revealing with respect to their personality:

koja im možda može nešto otkriti u pogledu na njihovu osobnost.

I tell them that it is virtually impossible for adults

Kažem da je za odrasle gotovo nemoguće

to lick the outside of their own elbow.

da poližu vlastiti lakat.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Did you know that?

Jeste li to znali?

Already, some of you have tried to lick the outside of your own elbow.

Neki od vas su već pokušali polizati svoj lakat.

But extroverts amongst you

Ali ekstroverti među vama

are probably those who have not only tried,

su vjerovatno oni koji koji nisu samo pokušali

but they have successfully licked the elbow

već i uspješno polizali lakat

of the person sitting next to them.

osobe pokraj.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Those are the extroverts.

To su ekstroverti.

Let me deal in a bit more detail with extroversion,

Malo ću se detaljnije pozabaviti sa ekstroverzijom

because it's consequential and it's intriguing,

jer je značajna i intrigantna

and it helps us understand what I call our three natures.

te nam pomaže u shvaćanju, što ja nazivam, naše tri prirode.

First, our biogenic nature -- our neurophysiology.

Prva je naša biogenetska priroda, naša neuropsihologija.

Second, our sociogenic or second nature,

Druga je naša sociogenetička ili druga priroda,

which has to do with the cultural and social aspects of our lives.

koja se odnosi na kulturne i društvene aspekte našeg života.

And third, what makes you individually you -- idiosyncratic --

I treća je ono što nas čini individualcem, idiosinkrazija

what I call your "idiogenic" nature.

ili što ja zovem "idiogenska" priroda.

Let me explain.

Da vam pojasnim.

One of the things that characterizes extroverts is they need stimulation.

Jedno od obilježja ekstroverta je potreba za stimulacijom.

And that stimulation can be achieved by finding things that are exciting:

I ta se stimulacija postiže pronalaskom stvari koje su uzbudljive:

loud noises, parties and social events here at TED --

glasni zvukovi, tulumi i društveni događaji na TED-u.

you see the extroverts forming a magnetic core.

Naime ekstoverti tvore magnetsku jezgru.

They all gather together.

Okupljaju se.

And I've seen you.

Vidio sam vas.

The introverts are more likely to spend time in the quiet spaces

Introverti provode više vrijeme na mirnijim mjestima

up on the second floor,

na drugome katu

where they are able to reduce stimulation --

gdje mogu sniziti stimulaciju

and may be misconstrued as being antisocial,

te ih se može pogrešno shvatiti kao nedruštvene osobe,

but you're not necessarily antisocial.

ali oni nisu nužno nedruštveni.

It may be that you simply realize that you do better

Jednostavno shvatiš da ti je bolje

when you have a chance to lower that level of stimulation.

kada možeš smanjiti razinu vanjske stimulacije.

Sometimes it's an internal stimulant, from your body.

Nekad su to interni stimulasni koji dolaze iz vlastitoga tijela

Caffeine, for example, works much better with extroverts than it does introverts.

kofein, na primjer, bolje djeluje kod ekstroverta nego interoverta.

When extroverts come into the office at nine o'clock in the morning

Kada ekstroverti dođu u ured u 9 ujutro

and say, "I really need a cup of coffee,"

i kažu "Stvarno mi treba šalica kave",

they're not kidding --

ne šale se.

they really do.

Stvarno im treba.

Introverts do not do as well,

Introvertima to ne ide u korist,

particularly if the tasks they're engaged in --

osobito ako su zadaci u kojima sudjeluju,

and they've had some coffee --

a popili su kavu,

if those tasks are speeded,

ako su ti zadaci ubrzani

and if they're quantitative,

i ako su kvantitativni,

introverts may give the appearance of not being particularly quantitative.

introverti mogu ostavititi dojam da se ne ponašaju posebno kvantitativno.

But it's a misconstrual.

No to je progreška.

So here are the consequences that are really quite intriguing:

Dakle, ovo su posljedice koje su poprilično intrigantne:

we're not always what seem to be,

nismo uvijek onakvi kakvima se činimo

and that takes me to my next point.

i to me dovodi do sljedeće stavke.

I should say, before getting to this,

Moram prvo reći, prije nego pređem na ovo,

something about sexual intercourse,

nešto o spolnom odnosu

although I may not have time.

iako nemam baš vremena.

And so, if you would like me to --

Dakle ako biste željeli da

yes, you would?

da, želite?

OK.

OK.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

There are studies done

Postoje istraživanja

on the frequency with which individuals engage in the conjugal act,

o učestalosti upuštanja individualaca u bračni čin

as broken down by male, female; introvert, extrovert.

na temelju muškarca i žene, introverta, ekstroverta.

So I ask you:

Stoga vas pitam:

How many times per minute --

Koliko puta u minuti,

oh, I'm sorry, that was a rat study --

oprostite, to je studija na štakorima,

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

How many times per month

Koliko se puta mjesečno

do introverted men engage in the act?

introvertirani muškarci upuštaju u akciju?

3.0.

3,0

Extroverted men?

Ekstrovertirani muškarci?

More or less?

Više ili manje?

Yes, more.

Da, više.

5.5 -- almost twice as much.

5,5. Skoro pa dvostruko više.

Introverted women: 3.1.

Introvertirane žene: 3,1.

Extroverted women?

Ekstrovertirane žene?

Frankly, speaking as an introverted male,

Iskreno, govoreći kao intovertirani muškarac,

which I will explain later --

što ću kasnije pojasniti,

they are heroic.

one su hrabre.

7.5.

7,5.

They not only handle all the male extroverts,

Ne samo da svladaju sve ekstrovertirane muškarce

they pick up a few introverts as well.

već i pokupe par introvertiranih.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

We communicate differently, extroverts and introverts.

Drugačije komuniciramo, ekstroverti i introverti.

Extroverts, when they interact,

Ekstroverti kada komuniciraju

want to have lots of social encounter punctuated by closeness.

žele imati puno društvenih susreta koji su isprekidani bliskosti.

They'd like to stand close for comfortable communication.

Vole stajati blizu za ugodniju komunikaciju.

They like to have a lot of eye contact,

Vole imati puno kontakta očima

or mutual gaze.

ili uzajamnih pogleda.

We found in some research

Otkrili smo straživanjima

that they use more diminutive terms when they meet somebody.

da koriste više deminutivnih termina kada nekoga upoznaju.

So when an extrovert meets a Charles,

Dakle, kada ekstrovert upozna Charlesa

it rapidly becomes "Charlie," and then "Chuck,"

on ubrzo postaje Charlie i zatim Chuck

and then "Chuckles Baby."

i onda Chuckles dušo.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Whereas for introverts,

Dok kod introverta

it remains "Charles," until he's given a pass to be more intimate

on ostaje Charles dok ne dobije dopuštenje za većom bliškošću

by the person he's talking to.

od osobe s kojom priča.

We speak differently.

Komuniciramo drugačije.

Extroverts prefer black-and-white, concrete, simple language.

Ekstroverti preferiraju crno-bijeli, konkretni, jednostavni jezik.

Introverts prefer -- and I must again tell you

Introverti pereferiraju, i ponovno ponavljam,

that I am as extreme an introvert as you could possibly imagine --

da sam toliki introvert da si ne možete ni zamisliti,

we speak differently.

komuniciramo drugačije.

We prefer contextually complex,

Mi preferiramo kontekstualno kompleksne,

contingent,

zavisne,

weasel-word sentences --

lukave rečenice

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

More or less.

Više ili manje.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

As it were.

Takoreći.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Not to put too fine a point upon it --

Bez okolišanja

like that.

u vezi toga.

When we talk,

Dok razgovaramo

we sometimes talk past each other.

ponekad svako priča svoje.

I had a consulting contract I shared with a colleague

Imao sam zajednički svajetnički ugovor s kolegom

who's as different from me as two people can possibly be.

koji se razlikuje od mene koliko je moguće.

First, his name is Tom.

Prvo, njegovo ime je Tom.

Mine isn't.

Moje nije.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Secondly, he's six foot five.

Drugo, on je visok oko 2 m,

I have a tendency not to be.

ja baš nisam.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And thirdly, he's as extroverted a person as you could find.

I treće, on je najekstovertnija osoba koju možete upoznati.

I am seriously introverted.

Ja sam teški introvert.

I overload so much,

Toliko se opteretim

I can't even have a cup of coffee after three in the afternoon

da poslije tri popodne ne mogu popit ni šalicu kave

and expect to sleep in the evening.

i očekivati san navečer.

We had seconded to this project a fellow called Michael.

U projekt nam je bio dodijeljen kolega po imenu Micahel.

And Michael almost brought the project to a crashing halt.

I Michael je projekt skoro doveo do zastoja.

So the person who seconded him asked Tom and me,

Osoba koja ga nam je dodijelila pitala je Toma i mene

"What do you make of Michael?"

"Što mislite o Michaelu?".

Well, I'll tell you what Tom said in a minute.

Reći ću vam što je Tom odgovorio za minutu.

He spoke in classic "extrovert-ese."

Pričao je klasični "ekstrovertski".

And here is how extroverted ears heard what I said,

I evo kako su ekstrovertirane uši shvatile ono što sam rekao,

which is actually pretty accurate.

što je zapravo prilično točno.

I said, "Well Michael does have a tendency at times

Rekao sam, "Pa Michael ima nekad sklonost

of behaving in a way that some of us might see

ponašati se na način koji se nekima od nas čini

as perhaps more assertive than is normally called for."

nešto izravnije nego što je uobičajeno."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Tom rolled his eyes and he said,

Tom je zakolutao očima i rekao

"Brian, that's what I said:

"Briane, evo što sam ja rekao:

he's an asshole!"

On je seronja!"

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Now, as an introvert,

Kao introvert

I might gently allude to certain "assholic" qualities

ću suptilno aludirati na određene "seronjaste" osobine

in this man's behavior,

u ponašanju te osobe,

but I'm not going to lunge for the a-word.

ali neću posegnuti za s-riječi.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But the extrovert says,

Ali ekstrovert kaže,

"If he walks like one, if he talks like one, I call him one."

"Ako hoda kao jedan, ako priča kao jedan, zovem ga tako."

And we go past each other.

i raziđemo se.

Now is this something that we should be heedful of?

Ovo je nešto na čega bi se trebali obazirati?

Of course.

Naravno.

It's important that we know this.

Ovo je bitno znati.

Is that all we are?

Je li to sve što nas čini?

Are we just a bunch of traits?

Jesmo li mi samo hrpa osobina?

No, we're not.

Ne, nismo.

Remember, you're like some other people

Upamtite, mi smo poput ostalih ljudi

and like no other person.

i posve drugačiji od ostalih ljudi.

How about that idiosyncratic you?

Što je sa idiosinkrazijskim nama?

As Elizabeth or as George,

Kao Elizabeta ili kao George,

you may share your extroversion or your neuroticism.

možete dijeliti svoju ekstraverziju ili svoj neuroticizam,

But are there some distinctively Elizabethan features of your behavior,

ali postoje li posebna elizabetska obilježja svojstvena za naše ponašanje,

or Georgian of yours,

Ili georgska

that make us understand you better than just a bunch of traits?

koja nam pomažu shvatit nekoga dalje od hrpe osobina?

That make us love you?

Koja nas tjeraju da nekoga volimo?

Not just because you're a certain type of person.

Ne samo jer si određeni tip osobe.

I'm uncomfortable putting people in pigeonholes.

Ne volim stavljati ljude u pretince.

I don't even think pigeons belong in pigeonholes.

Mislim da ni golubovi ne pripadaju u njih.

So what is it that makes us different?

Što je onda to što nas razlikuje?

It's the doings that we have in our life -- the personal projects.

To su naša postignuća u životu, naši osobni projekti.

You have a personal project right now,

Vi upravo provodite osobni projekt,

but nobody may know it here.

ali nitko ovdje ne mora znati.

It relates to your kid --

Vezano je za vaše dijete.

you've been back three times to the hospital,

Bili ste tri puta u bolnici

and they still don't know what's wrong.

i dalje se ne zna što nije u redu,

Or it could be your mom.

ili može biti o vašoj majci

And you'd been acting out of character.

i ponašali ste se izvan sebe.

These are free traits.

To su osobine koje sami birate.

You're very agreeable, but you act disagreeably

Ugodni ste, ali se ponašate neugodno

in order to break down those barriers of administrative torpor

kako bi srušili te barijere administrativne tromosti

in the hospital,

u bolnici,

to get something for your mom or your child.

kako bi dobili nešto za vašu majku ili vaše dijete.

What are these free traits?

Što su te slobodne osobine?

They're where we enact a script

Unutar njih provodimo scenarij

in order to advance a core project in our lives.

kako bi uzdigli središnji projekt u našem životu.

And they are what matters.

I one su ono što je važno.

Don't ask people what type you are;

Ne pitajte ljude koji su tip,

ask them, "What are your core projects in your life?"

pitajte te ih, "Koji su tvoji središnji projekti'?"

And we enact those free traits.

I mi provedemo te slobodne osobine.

I'm an introvert,

Ja sam introvert,

but I have a core project, which is to profess.

ali imam središnji projekt, a to je podučavati.

I'm a professor.

Ja sam profesor

And I adore my students,

i obožavam svoje studente

and I adore my field.

i svoje istraživačko polje.

And I can't wait to tell them about what's new, what's exciting,

I jedva im čekam reći što je novo, što je interesantno,

what I can't wait to tell them about.

sve im to jedva čekam reći.

And so I act in an extroverted way,

I zato se ponašam na ekstrovertan način

because at eight in the morning,

jer je u osam ujutro

the students need a little bit of humor,

studentima je potrebno malo humora,

a little bit of engagement to keep them going

malo motivacije da idu dalje

in arduous days of study.

u teškim danima studiranja.

But we need to be very careful

Ali moramo biti jako oprezni

when we act protractedly out of character.

kada se ponašamo drugačije.

Sometimes we may find that we don't take care of ourselves.

Ponekad se dogodi da zanemarimo sebe.

I find, for example, after a period of pseudo-extroverted behavior,

Npr., nakon perioda lažnog ekstrovertnog ponašanja,

I need to repair somewhere on my own.

ja se moram povući.

As Susan Cain said in her "Quiet" book,

Kao što je rekla Susan Cain u svojoj knjizi "Tišina"

in a chapter that featured the strange Canadian professor

u poglavlju u kojem se radilo o o čudnom kanadskom profesoru

who was teaching at the time at Harvard,

koji je predavao na Harvardu,

I sometimes go to the men's room

ja nekad idem u toalet

to escape the slings and arrows of outrageous extroverts.

kako bi pobjegao od napada nečuvenih ekstroverta.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I remember one particular day when I was retired to a cubicle,

Sjećam se jednog dana kad sam pobjegao u kabinu

trying to avoid overstimulation.

kako bi izbjegao preveliku stimulaciju.

And a real extrovert came in beside me -- not right in my cubicle,

I pravi ekstrovert je stao iza mene. Ne baš u moju kabinu,

but in the next cubicle over --

ali u kabinu pokraj

and I could hear various evacuatory noises,

i čuo sam svakakve zvukove olakšanja,

which we hate -- even our own,

koje mrzimo pa čak i vlastite.

that's why we flush during as well as after.

Zato puštamo vodu i prije i nakon.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And then I heard this gravelly voice saying,

I onda sam čuo hrapavi glas govoreći

"Hey, is that Dr. Little?"

"Hej, jel to doktor Little?"

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

If anything is guaranteed to constipate an introvert for six months,

Ako će išta zatvoriti introverta na narednih šest mjeseci,

it's talking on the john.

to je onda pričanje na toaletu.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

That's where I'm going now.

Gdje upravo sad idem.

Don't follow me.

Nemojte me slijediti.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)