Who are you, really? The puzzle of personality | Brian Little | TED

12,773,522 views ใƒป 2016-07-19

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Michal Mano
00:13
What an intriguing group of individuals you are ...
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ืื™ื–ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืกืงืจื ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืืชื ...
00:17
to a psychologist.
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ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’.
00:18
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:20
I've had the opportunity over the last couple of days
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื
00:23
of listening in on some of your conversations
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ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื
00:26
and watching you interact with each other.
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ื•ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื›ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืชื ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™.
00:29
And I think it's fair to say, already,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื‘ืจ,
00:31
that there are 47 people in this audience,
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ืฉื™ืฉื ื 47 ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื”ื–ื”,
00:37
at this moment,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื”,
00:39
displaying psychological symptoms I would like to discuss today.
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ืฉืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
00:43
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:44
And I thought you might like to know who you are.
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืืชื.
00:47
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:49
But instead of pointing at you,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœื™ื›ื,
00:51
which would be gratuitous and intrusive,
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืคื•ืœืฉื ื™,
00:54
I thought I would tell you a few facts and stories,
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืžืกืคืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,
00:57
in which you may catch a glimpse of yourself.
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืชืคื•ืก ื”ืฆืฆื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื›ื.
01:02
I'm in the field of research known as personality psychology,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช,
01:06
which is part of a larger personality science
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ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืžื“ืข ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:09
which spans the full spectrum, from neurons to narratives.
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ืฉืžืฉืชืจืข ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ืžืœื ื”ื—ืœ ืžื ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื ืขื“ ืœื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื
01:15
And what we try to do,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
01:17
in our own way,
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ื• ืฉืœื ื•,
01:19
is to make sense of how each of us --
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• -
01:22
each of you --
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื --
01:24
is, in certain respects,
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ื”ื•ื, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื,
01:26
like all other people,
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื,
01:28
like some other people
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
01:31
and like no other person.
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ.
01:34
Now, already you may be saying of yourself,
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ื›ืขืช, ืืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื›ื,
01:37
"I'm not intriguing.
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"ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืกืงืจืŸ.
01:41
I am the 46th most boring person in the Western Hemisphere."
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ืื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื” 46 ื”ื›ื™ ืžืฉืขืžื ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™."
01:47
Or you may say of yourself,
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ืื• ืฉืืชื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš,
01:50
"I am intriguing,
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"ืื ื™ ืžืกืงืจืŸ.
01:53
even if I am regarded by most people as a great, thundering twit."
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื ื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื˜ื•ืžื˜ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื”ื•."
01:57
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:58
But it is your self-diagnosed boringness and your inherent "twitiness"
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื“ื™ืื’ื ื•ื–ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื“-ื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื•ื”ื˜ืžื˜ื•ื ืฉืœืš
02:04
that makes me, as a psychologist, really fascinated by you.
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ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ ื›ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ืงืกื ืžืžืš.
02:09
So let me explain why this is so.
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ืื– ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื›ืš.
02:12
One of the most influential approaches in personality science
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ืื—ืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื“ืข ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช
02:16
is known as trait psychology,
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ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื›ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช
02:18
and it aligns you along five dimensions which are normally distributed,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื•ื’ืช ืืชื›ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžืžื“ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื ื•ืจืžืœ,
02:23
and that describe universally held aspects of difference between people.
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ื•ืฉืžืชืืจื™ื ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžื•ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื.
02:31
They spell out the acronym OCEAN.
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ื”ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช OCEAN
02:34
So, "O" stands for "open to experience,"
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ืื– ื”"O" ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ "ืคืชื•ื— ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื”,"
02:37
versus those who are more closed.
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ืืœื” ืฉื”ื ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:39
"C" stands for "conscientiousness,"
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"C" ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ "ืžืฆืคื•ื ื™ื•ืช,"
02:42
in contrast to those with a more lackadaisical approach to life.
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืืœื” ืขื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื“ื™ืฉื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื.
02:46
"E" -- "extroversion," in contrast to more introverted people.
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"E" ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ "ื”ื—ืฆื ื”," ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืคื ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:51
"A" -- "agreeable individuals,"
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"A" -- ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืขื™ืžื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช,"
02:53
in contrast to those decidedly not agreeable.
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืืœื” ืฉื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืื™ื ื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื.
02:57
And "N" -- "neurotic individuals,"
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ื• "N" -- ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื˜ื™ื™ื,"
03:00
in contrast to those who are more stable.
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืืœื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื.
03:04
All of these dimensions have implications for our well-being,
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืžื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
03:07
for how our life goes.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื.
03:10
And so we know that, for example,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ,
03:13
openness and conscientiousness are very good predictors of life success,
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ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžืฆืคื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
03:18
but the open people achieve that success through being audacious
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื
03:23
and, occasionally, odd.
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ื•ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื, ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
03:26
The conscientious people achieve it through sticking to deadlines,
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืฆืคื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆืžื“ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
03:30
to persevering, as well as having some passion.
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ืœื”ืชืžื“ื”, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืœืชืฉื•ืงื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื.
03:35
Extroversion and agreeableness are both conducive
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ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื•ืช ื•ื ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื
03:39
to working well with people.
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื.
03:42
Extroverts, for example, I find intriguing.
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ืืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื™ื ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื ืžืกืงืจื ื™ื.
03:45
With my classes, I sometimes give them a basic fact
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ืขื ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœื™, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช
03:48
that might be revealing with respect to their personality:
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ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฉืคื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื:
03:52
I tell them that it is virtually impossible for adults
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืฉื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื
03:57
to lick the outside of their own elbow.
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ืœืœืงืง ืืช ื—ืœืงื• ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจืคืง ืฉืœื”ื.
04:01
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:02
Did you know that?
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ื”ืื ื™ื“ืขืชื ืืช ื–ื”?
04:05
Already, some of you have tried to lick the outside of your own elbow.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœืœืงืง ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจืคืง ืฉืœื”ื.
04:09
But extroverts amongst you
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื
04:11
are probably those who have not only tried,
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ื”ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืืœื” ืฉืœื ืจืง ื ื™ืกื•,
04:14
but they have successfully licked the elbow
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ืืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืœืงืง ืืช ื”ืžืจืคืง
04:16
of the person sitting next to them.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื™ื“ื.
04:18
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:19
Those are the extroverts.
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื™ื.
04:21
Let me deal in a bit more detail with extroversion,
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื•ืช,
04:24
because it's consequential and it's intriguing,
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืชื•ืฆืืชื™ ื•ื–ื” ืžืกืงืจืŸ.
04:27
and it helps us understand what I call our three natures.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื”: ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœื ื•.
04:31
First, our biogenic nature -- our neurophysiology.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื’ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื• -- ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
04:34
Second, our sociogenic or second nature,
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ื’ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืื• ื˜ื‘ืขื ื• ื”ืฉื ื™,
04:38
which has to do with the cultural and social aspects of our lives.
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ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
04:42
And third, what makes you individually you -- idiosyncratic --
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชืš ืœืื™ื ื“ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ ืฉื”ื ืš, ืœืื™ื“ื™ื•ืกื™ื ืงืจื˜ื™ --
04:50
what I call your "idiogenic" nature.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื• ื˜ื‘ืขืš ื”"ืื™ื“ื™ื•ื’ื ื™"
04:53
Let me explain.
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ.
04:56
One of the things that characterizes extroverts is they need stimulation.
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื’ื™ืจื•ื™
05:00
And that stimulation can be achieved by finding things that are exciting:
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฆื™ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื:
05:05
loud noises, parties and social events here at TED --
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ืจืขืฉื™ื ืงื•ืœื ื™ื™ื, ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืืจื•ืขื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ TED --
05:09
you see the extroverts forming a magnetic core.
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœื™ื‘ื” ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช.
05:13
They all gather together.
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ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื ืืกืคื™ื ื™ื—ื“.
05:14
And I've seen you.
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืชื›ื.
05:16
The introverts are more likely to spend time in the quiet spaces
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ื”ืžื•ืคื ืžื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืžื‘ืœื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉืงื˜ื™ื
05:19
up on the second floor,
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ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”
05:21
where they are able to reduce stimulation --
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ืฉื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ --
05:25
and may be misconstrued as being antisocial,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืคืจืฉ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื›ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื,
05:29
but you're not necessarily antisocial.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืื ื˜ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื.
05:33
It may be that you simply realize that you do better
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืืชื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:37
when you have a chance to lower that level of stimulation.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ื ืžื™ืš ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ื™.
05:42
Sometimes it's an internal stimulant, from your body.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” ืžืžืจื™ืฅ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืžืชื•ืš ื’ื•ืคื›ื.
05:47
Caffeine, for example, works much better with extroverts than it does introverts.
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ืงืคืื™ืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืขื ืžื•ืคื ืžื™ื.
05:52
When extroverts come into the office at nine o'clock in the morning
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืชืฉืข ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ
05:55
and say, "I really need a cup of coffee,"
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ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื: "ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื•ืก ืงืคื”,"
05:58
they're not kidding --
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ื”ื ืœื ืฆื•ื—ืงื™ื --
05:59
they really do.
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ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
06:01
Introverts do not do as well,
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ื”ืžื•ืคื ืžื™ื ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”,
06:03
particularly if the tasks they're engaged in --
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื--
06:06
and they've had some coffee --
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ื•ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืชื• ืงืฆืช ืงืคื” --
06:08
if those tasks are speeded,
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ืื ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื•ืืฆื•ืช,
06:10
and if they're quantitative,
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ื•ืื ื”ืŸ ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ืžื•ืช,
06:12
introverts may give the appearance of not being particularly quantitative.
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ืžื•ืคื ืžื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžืจืื” ืฉืœ ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
06:17
But it's a misconstrual.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืกื” ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ืช.
06:19
So here are the consequences that are really quite intriguing:
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ืื– ื”ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืื›ืŸ ืžืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™:
06:22
we're not always what seem to be,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื ืจืื”,
06:24
and that takes me to my next point.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืื•ืชื™ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœื™.
06:28
I should say, before getting to this,
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ืขืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื–ื”,
06:30
something about sexual intercourse,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžื™ืŸ,
06:33
although I may not have time.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื–ืžืŸ.
06:35
And so, if you would like me to --
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ื•ื›ืš, ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืื ื™ --
06:38
yes, you would?
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื?
06:39
OK.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
06:40
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:41
There are studies done
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ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื•
06:43
on the frequency with which individuals engage in the conjugal act,
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ืขืœ ื”ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืช,
06:49
as broken down by male, female; introvert, extrovert.
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ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืœืคื™ ื–ื›ืจ, ื ืงื‘ื”, ืžื•ืคื ื, ืžื•ื—ืฆืŸ.
06:53
So I ask you:
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ืืชื›ื:
06:54
How many times per minute --
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ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืงื” --
06:57
oh, I'm sorry, that was a rat study --
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ืื•, ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื—ื•ืœื“ื•ืช --
06:59
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:02
How many times per month
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ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ
07:06
do introverted men engage in the act?
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ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ืคื ืžื™ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืš?
07:10
3.0.
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3.0.
07:11
Extroverted men?
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ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื™ื?
07:13
More or less?
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ืคื—ื•ืช?
07:15
Yes, more.
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ื›ืŸ. ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:17
5.5 -- almost twice as much.
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5.5 - ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืคืœื™ื™ื.
07:21
Introverted women: 3.1.
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ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืคื ืžื•ืช: 3.1.
07:23
Extroverted women?
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ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื•ืช?
07:25
Frankly, speaking as an introverted male,
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื’ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืคื ื,
07:28
which I will explain later --
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ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ -
07:30
they are heroic.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ืจื•ืื™ื.
07:32
7.5.
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7.5.
07:35
They not only handle all the male extroverts,
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ื”ื ืœื ืจืง ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื™ื
07:38
they pick up a few introverts as well.
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ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื” ืžื•ืคื ืžื™ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
07:40
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:42
(Applause)
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(ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
07:48
We communicate differently, extroverts and introverts.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื”, ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืคื ืžื™ื.
07:54
Extroverts, when they interact,
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ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืžื’ืข,
07:56
want to have lots of social encounter punctuated by closeness.
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ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉืžื•ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื™ืจื‘ื”.
08:00
They'd like to stand close for comfortable communication.
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ื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื ื•ื—ื”.
08:04
They like to have a lot of eye contact,
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ื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืงืฉืจ ืขื™ืŸ,
08:06
or mutual gaze.
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ืื• ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ื“ื“ื™.
08:09
We found in some research
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ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื—ืงืจื™ื
08:10
that they use more diminutive terms when they meet somebody.
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ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืžืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
08:13
So when an extrovert meets a Charles,
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ืื– ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื—ืฆืŸ ืคื•ื’ืฉ ืฆ'ืืจืœืก,
08:16
it rapidly becomes "Charlie," and then "Chuck,"
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ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœ"ืฆ'ืืจืœื™" ื•ืื– ืœ "ืฆ'ืืง,"
08:19
and then "Chuckles Baby."
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ื•ืื– " ืฆ'ืืงืœืก ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™."
08:21
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:23
Whereas for introverts,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืคื ืžื™ื,
08:24
it remains "Charles," until he's given a pass to be more intimate
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ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืืจ "ืฆ'ืจืœืก," ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™
08:29
by the person he's talking to.
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ืžื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื•.
08:32
We speak differently.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช.
08:36
Extroverts prefer black-and-white, concrete, simple language.
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ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื™ื ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืŸ, ืฉืคื” ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
08:43
Introverts prefer -- and I must again tell you
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ืžื•ืคื ืžื™ื ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื -- ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื
08:47
that I am as extreme an introvert as you could possibly imagine --
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ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ืคื ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืจืง ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ --
08:52
we speak differently.
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ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจืช.
08:54
We prefer contextually complex,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ื”ืงืฉืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘
08:58
contingent,
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ืžืงืจื™,
09:00
weasel-word sentences --
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ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืคืœื™ื --
09:02
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:03
More or less.
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:05
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:06
As it were.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื”.
09:08
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:09
Not to put too fine a point upon it --
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ --
09:11
like that.
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ื›ืžื• ื–ื”.
09:13
When we talk,
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
09:15
we sometimes talk past each other.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื ื™
09:17
I had a consulting contract I shared with a colleague
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืฉื—ืœืงืชื™ ืขื ืขืžื™ืช
09:20
who's as different from me as two people can possibly be.
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ืฉืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžื ื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืฉืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
09:23
First, his name is Tom.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืฉืžื• ื”ื•ื ืชื•ื.
09:26
Mine isn't.
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ืฉืœื™ ืœื.
09:27
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:29
Secondly, he's six foot five.
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื”ื•ื 1.98 ื’ื•ื‘ื”.
09:30
I have a tendency not to be.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
09:32
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:34
And thirdly, he's as extroverted a person as you could find.
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืื“ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ื—ืฆืŸ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื.
09:37
I am seriously introverted.
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ืคื ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืžื•ืจ.
09:40
I overload so much,
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ืื ื™ ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžืขื•ืžืก ื™ืชืจ,
09:42
I can't even have a cup of coffee after three in the afternoon
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ืื ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื›ื•ืก ืงืคื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื
09:47
and expect to sleep in the evening.
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ื•ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื‘,
09:50
We had seconded to this project a fellow called Michael.
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ื ืขื–ืจื ื• ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืื“ื ืฉืฉืžื• ืžื™ื›ืืœ.
09:55
And Michael almost brought the project to a crashing halt.
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ื•ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืœื”ืชืจืกืงื•ืช.
10:00
So the person who seconded him asked Tom and me,
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ืื– ื”ืื“ื ืฉืขื–ืจ ืœื• ืฉืืœ ืืช ืชื•ื ื•ืื•ืชื™,
10:05
"What do you make of Michael?"
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"ืžื” ื“ืขืชื›ื ืขืœ ืžื™ื›ืืœ?"
10:06
Well, I'll tell you what Tom said in a minute.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื“ืงื” ืžื” ืชื•ื ืืžืจ.
10:09
He spoke in classic "extrovert-ese."
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ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘"ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื™ื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ืช."
10:11
And here is how extroverted ears heard what I said,
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื•ืช ืฉืžืขื• ืžื” ืืžืจืชื™,
10:15
which is actually pretty accurate.
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ืฉื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื“ื™ ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง.
10:17
I said, "Well Michael does have a tendency at times
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ืืžืจืชื™, "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืžื™ื›ืืœ ืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื
10:22
of behaving in a way that some of us might see
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ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืื—ื“ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช
10:26
as perhaps more assertive than is normally called for."
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ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืกืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืžืžื” ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ."
10:30
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:33
Tom rolled his eyes and he said,
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ืชื•ื ื’ืœื’ืœ ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื•ืืžืจ,
10:35
"Brian, that's what I said:
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"ื‘ืจื™ืืŸ, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืืžืจืชื™:
10:38
he's an asshole!"
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ื”ื•ื ืื™ื“ื™ื•ื˜!"
10:40
(Laughter)
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ื(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:42
(Applause)
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(ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
10:45
Now, as an introvert,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืžื•ืคื ื,
10:46
I might gently allude to certain "assholic" qualities
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืจืžื•ื– ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ "ืื™ื“ื™ื•ื˜."
10:52
in this man's behavior,
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ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื”,
10:53
but I'm not going to lunge for the a-word.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื–ื ืง ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื‘-ื'.
10:56
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:59
But the extrovert says,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ืฆืŸ ืื•ืžืจ,
11:00
"If he walks like one, if he talks like one, I call him one."
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" ืื ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื›ืžื• ืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื”, ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื• ืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื• ื›ื–ื”."
11:03
And we go past each other.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœื™ื™ื“ ื–ื”.
11:05
Now is this something that we should be heedful of?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื•?
11:09
Of course.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
11:10
It's important that we know this.
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ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช.
11:12
Is that all we are?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื•?
11:14
Are we just a bunch of traits?
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช?
11:17
No, we're not.
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ืœื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื.
11:20
Remember, you're like some other people
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ื–ื™ื›ืจื•, ืืชื ื›ืžื• ื›ืžื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื—ืจื™ื
11:23
and like no other person.
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ.
11:25
How about that idiosyncratic you?
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ืžื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื?
11:28
As Elizabeth or as George,
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ื›ืžื• ืืœื™ื–ื‘ืช, ืื• ื›ืžื• ื’'ื•ืจื’',
11:31
you may share your extroversion or your neuroticism.
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ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื ื•ื™ื•ืจื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
11:36
But are there some distinctively Elizabethan features of your behavior,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื™ื–ื‘ืชื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
11:40
or Georgian of yours,
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ืื• ื’ื™ืื•ืจื’ื™ืื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื›ื,
11:43
that make us understand you better than just a bunch of traits?
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ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืชื›ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืจืง ืื•ืกืฃ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช?
11:48
That make us love you?
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ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื ื• ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืชื›ื?
11:51
Not just because you're a certain type of person.
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ืœื ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืชื ืกื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ื.
11:55
I'm uncomfortable putting people in pigeonholes.
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ืœื ื ื•ื— ืœื™ ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืžื’ื™ืจื•ืช.
11:59
I don't even think pigeons belong in pigeonholes.
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ืื ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืงื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ืš.
12:03
So what is it that makes us different?
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ืื– ืžื”ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื?
12:06
It's the doings that we have in our life -- the personal projects.
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ื–ื” ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื -- ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื.
12:11
You have a personal project right now,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืฉื™ ื›ืขืช ืžืžืฉ
12:13
but nobody may know it here.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื–ืืช ื›ืืŸ
12:17
It relates to your kid --
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ื–ื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื›ื--
12:19
you've been back three times to the hospital,
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ื—ื–ืจืชื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
12:21
and they still don't know what's wrong.
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ื•ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ,
12:25
Or it could be your mom.
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ืื• ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžื ืฉืœื›ื.
12:28
And you'd been acting out of character.
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ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ืชื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืช.
12:30
These are free traits.
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ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช "ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช."
12:33
You're very agreeable, but you act disagreeably
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ืืชื ืžืื•ื“ ื ืขื™ืžื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืืš ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืขื™ื
12:36
in order to break down those barriers of administrative torpor
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื”ื•ืช ืžื ื”ืœื™ืช
12:40
in the hospital,
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
12:41
to get something for your mom or your child.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื›ื ืื• ื™ืœื“ื›ื.
12:45
What are these free traits?
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ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”"ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช" ื”ืœืœื•?
12:47
They're where we enact a script
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ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžื’ืœืžื™ื ืชืคืงื™ื“
12:49
in order to advance a core project in our lives.
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ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืงื“ื ืžื˜ืจืช ืœื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
12:53
And they are what matters.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘.
12:55
Don't ask people what type you are;
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ืืœ ืชืฉืืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืื“ื ืืชื”;
12:58
ask them, "What are your core projects in your life?"
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ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื. "ืžื”ื ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื›ื?"
13:01
And we enact those free traits.
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ื•ืื ื• ืžื’ืœืžื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช.
13:03
I'm an introvert,
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ืคื ื,
13:04
but I have a core project, which is to profess.
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ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืœืžื“
13:09
I'm a professor.
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ืื ื™ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ,
13:11
And I adore my students,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
13:15
and I adore my field.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื™.
13:16
And I can't wait to tell them about what's new, what's exciting,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื”ื ืžื” ื—ื“ืฉ, ืžื” ืžืจื’ืฉ,
13:23
what I can't wait to tell them about.
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ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื”ื ืขืœื™ื•.
13:25
And so I act in an extroverted way,
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ื—ืฆื ืช,
13:27
because at eight in the morning,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
13:29
the students need a little bit of humor,
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ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืขื˜ ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ,
13:31
a little bit of engagement to keep them going
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ืžืขื˜ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืœืื”
13:34
in arduous days of study.
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืžืคืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื.
13:36
But we need to be very careful
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื
13:38
when we act protractedly out of character.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืžืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™.
13:42
Sometimes we may find that we don't take care of ourselves.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื•,
13:49
I find, for example, after a period of pseudo-extroverted behavior,
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืคืกืื“ื•-ืžื•ื—ืฆื ืช,
13:53
I need to repair somewhere on my own.
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ืฉืขืœื™ ืœื”ืชืจืคื ืื™ืคื”ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื™.
13:57
As Susan Cain said in her "Quiet" book,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืกื•ื–ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืžืจื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”"ืฉืงื˜" ืฉืœื”,
14:01
in a chapter that featured the strange Canadian professor
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ื‘ืคืจืง ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื”ืงื ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ
14:04
who was teaching at the time at Harvard,
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ืฉืœื™ืžื“ ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ื‘ื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“,
14:07
I sometimes go to the men's room
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื
14:08
to escape the slings and arrows of outrageous extroverts.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืžื•ืง ืžื”ืชืœืื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื™ื ืžื–ืขื–ืขื™ื,
14:13
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:14
I remember one particular day when I was retired to a cubicle,
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ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื™ ื™ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืฉืคืจืฉืชื™ ืœืชื,
14:20
trying to avoid overstimulation.
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื™ืชืจ,
14:23
And a real extrovert came in beside me -- not right in my cubicle,
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ื•ืžื•ื—ืฆืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื“ื™ -- ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืœืชื ืฉืœื™,
14:28
but in the next cubicle over --
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืชื ื”ืกืžื•ืš --
14:30
and I could hear various evacuatory noises,
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืจืขืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื ื•ืช,
14:32
which we hate -- even our own,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื ืื™ื - ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ืฉืœื ื•,
14:35
that's why we flush during as well as after.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™, ื•ื’ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš.
14:37
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:40
And then I heard this gravelly voice saying,
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ื•ืื– ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ืžื—ื•ืกืคืก ื”ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ,
14:44
"Hey, is that Dr. Little?"
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"ื”ื™, ื”ืื ื–ื” ื“"ืจ ืœื™ื˜ืœ?"
14:47
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:50
If anything is guaranteed to constipate an introvert for six months,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื‘ื˜ื— ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื•ืคื ื ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
14:57
it's talking on the john.
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ื–ื• ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื.
14:58
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:00
That's where I'm going now.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืœื™ื• ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ื›ืขืช.
15:02
Don't follow me.
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ืืœ ืชืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจื™
15:04
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื,
15:05
(Applause)
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(ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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