Who are you, really? The puzzle of personality | Brian Little | TED

Translator: Erik Aarna Reviewer: Aari Lemmik

Te olete üks väga põnev grupp inimesi...

What an intriguing group of individuals you are ...

to a psychologist.

psühholoogi jaoks.

(Laughter)

(Naer)

I've had the opportunity over the last couple of days

Mul on siin paari päeva jooksul olnud võimalus

of listening in on some of your conversations

kuulata pealt teie jutuajamisi

and watching you interact with each other.

ja vaadata, kuidas te üksteisega suhtlete.

Ja ma võin juba praegu öelda,

And I think it's fair to say, already,

that there are 47 people in this audience,

et siin publiku hulgas on 47 inimest,

at this moment,

nüüd ja praegu,

kel esineb just selliseid psühholoogilisi sümptomeid,

displaying psychological symptoms I would like to discuss today.

millest ma täna tahaksin rääkida.

(Laughter)

(Naer)

And I thought you might like to know who you are.

Mõtlesin, et ehk on huvitav teada, kes meil siin konkreetselt on.

(Laughter)

(Naer)

Aga selle asemel, et teile näpuga osutada,

But instead of pointing at you,

which would be gratuitous and intrusive,

mis oleks ehk asjatult pealetükkiv,

I thought I would tell you a few facts and stories,

mõtlesin, et räägin teile parem üht-teist sellist,

in which you may catch a glimpse of yourself.

milles võite ära tunda natukene iseennast.

Minu uurimisvaldkond on isikusepsühholoogia

I'm in the field of research known as personality psychology,

which is part of a larger personality science

mis on osa laiemast indiviidi uurivast teadusvaldkonnast,

which spans the full spectrum, from neurons to narratives.

hõlmates tervet spektrit närvirakkudest kuni narratiivideni.

Ja me püüame omal moel jõuda selleni,

And what we try to do,

in our own way,

et saaksime aru, kuidas igaüks meist -

is to make sense of how each of us --

each of you --

igaüks teist -

is, in certain respects,

on mõnes mõttes samasugune

like all other people,

nagu kõik teised inimesed,

like some other people

nagu mõned teised inimesed,

aga samas nagu mitte keegi teine.

and like no other person.

Now, already you may be saying of yourself,

Võib-olla te juba ütlete endamisi:

"I'm not intriguing.

“Ma pole üldse huvitav.

I am the 46th most boring person in the Western Hemisphere."

Olen 46. kõige igavam inimene läänepoolkeral."

Or you may say of yourself,

Või ehk ütlete endamisi:

“Ma olen huvitav inimene,

"I am intriguing,

even if I am regarded by most people as a great, thundering twit."

isegi kui enamik peab mind täiesti napakaks.”

(Laughter)

(Naer)

But it is your self-diagnosed boringness and your inherent "twitiness"

Aga just see enesehinnanguline igavus või sünnipärane napakus ongi see,

that makes me, as a psychologist, really fascinated by you.

mis mind kui psühholoogi, teie juures kõige rohkem köidab.

Las ma selgitan, miks see nii on.

So let me explain why this is so.

Üks kõige mõjukamaid teooriaid isiksuse teaduslikus kirjeldamises

One of the most influential approaches in personality science

is known as trait psychology,

on iseloomuomaduste psühholoogia,

and it aligns you along five dimensions which are normally distributed,

mis määrab isiksuse tüübi viie peamise iseloomuomaduse lõikes,

kirjeldades universaalseid loomuomadusi, mis inimesi eristavad.

and that describe universally held aspects of difference between people.

Nende loomuomaduste esitähtedest moodustub sõna OCEAN.

They spell out the acronym OCEAN.

"O" tähendab "avatust kogemusele,"

So, "O" stands for "open to experience,"

vastandudes nendele, kes on rohkem kinnised.

versus those who are more closed.

"C" stands for "conscientiousness,"

"C" tähendab "meelekindlust,"

in contrast to those with a more lackadaisical approach to life.

vastandina siis lõdvemale ellusuhtumisele.

"E" -- "extroversion," in contrast to more introverted people.

"E" - ekstraverdid", vastandina pigem introvertsetele inimestele.

"A" - "sotsiaalsus,"

"A" -- "agreeable individuals,"

in contrast to those decidedly not agreeable.

vastandina neile, kes teadlikult eelistavad olla vähemsotsiaalsed.

And "N" -- "neurotic individuals,"

Ja "N" - "neurootlisus,"

vastandudes suuremale stabiilsusele.

in contrast to those who are more stable.

All of these dimensions have implications for our well-being,

Kõik need loomuomadused mõjutavad meie heaolu

for how our life goes.

ja meie elukäiku.

And so we know that, for example,

Näiteks on teada, et avatus ja kohusetunne

on heaks eelduseks elus läbilöömisel,

openness and conscientiousness are very good predictors of life success,

but the open people achieve that success through being audacious

kuid avatud inimesed saavutavad edu tänu oma hulljulgusele

and, occasionally, odd.

ja vahel ka tänu oma veidrustele.

Meelekindlad inimesed saavutavad edu tänu tähtaegadest kinnipidamisele

The conscientious people achieve it through sticking to deadlines,

to persevering, as well as having some passion.

nad on järjekindlad ja sageli pühendunud.

Extroversion and agreeableness are both conducive

Ekstravertsus ja sotsiaalsus soodustavad

to working well with people.

teiste inimestega koostöö head laabumist.

Extroverts, for example, I find intriguing.

Ekstraverdid on minu jaoks äärmiselt põnevad.

With my classes, I sometimes give them a basic fact

Loengutes esitan neile mõne lihtsa väite,

that might be revealing with respect to their personality:

mis aitaks välja tuua nende loomuomadusi.

I tell them that it is virtually impossible for adults

Ütlen neile näiteks, et täiskasvanutel on peaaegu võimatu

to lick the outside of their own elbow.

puudutada keelega oma küünarnuki väliskülge.

(Laughter)

(Naer)

Did you know that?

Kas teadsite seda?

Already, some of you have tried to lick the outside of your own elbow.

Juba ongi mitmed siin üritanud oma küünarnukki limpsida.

But extroverts amongst you

Aga ekstraverdid on teie hulgas

are probably those who have not only tried,

on tõenäoliselt need, kes mitte ainult korraks ei proovinud,

vaid ongi juba tublisti lisaks oma küünarnukile

but they have successfully licked the elbow

of the person sitting next to them.

ka kõrvalistuja küünarnukki lakkunud.

(Laughter)

(Naer)

Those are the extroverts.

Nemad on siis ekstraverdid.

Let me deal in a bit more detail with extroversion,

Ma räägiksin ekstravertidest lähemalt,

because it's consequential and it's intriguing,

sest see on äärmiselt oluline ja huvitav

and it helps us understand what I call our three natures.

ja see aitab meil mõista, meie kolmest olemust.

Esimesena, meie biogeneetiline olemus, meie neurofüsioloogia

First, our biogenic nature -- our neurophysiology.

Second, our sociogenic or second nature,

Teiseks, meie sotsiaalgeneetiline olemus,

which has to do with the cultural and social aspects of our lives.

mis hõlmab meie elu kultuurilisi ja sotsiaalseid apekte.

Ja kolmandaks see, mis teeb igast inimesest omanäolise, tema isikupära.

And third, what makes you individually you -- idiosyncratic --

Nimetan seda isiksuslikuks olemuseks.

what I call your "idiogenic" nature.

Let me explain.

Las ma selgitan.

One of the things that characterizes extroverts is they need stimulation.

Üks ekstraverte iseloomustav omadus on vajadus stimulatsiooni järele.

And that stimulation can be achieved by finding things that are exciting:

Ja seda stimulatsiooni leiab sealt, kus on põnev:

loud noises, parties and social events here at TED --

vali heli, peod ja koosviibimised nagu siin TED-il.

you see the extroverts forming a magnetic core.

Ekstraverdid moodustavad nii öelda magneetilise tuuma.

They all gather together.

Nad kogunevad kokku,

And I've seen you.

olen teid siin märganud.

Intraverdid veedavad oma aega pigem vaiksemates kohtades

The introverts are more likely to spend time in the quiet spaces

up on the second floor,

kuskil teisel korrusel,

kus on võimalik stiimuleid vähendada

where they are able to reduce stimulation --

ja seda tõlgendatakse kui mitte-sotsiaalsust,

and may be misconstrued as being antisocial,

aga te pole tingimata mitte-sotsiaalsed.

but you're not necessarily antisocial.

Võimalik, et te olete lihtsalt mõistnud, et saate paremini hakkama,

It may be that you simply realize that you do better

when you have a chance to lower that level of stimulation.

kui stimulatsiooni on võimalik vähendada.

Sometimes it's an internal stimulant, from your body.

Vahel on tegemist sisemise stiimuliga, mis tuleb organismist seespoolt.

Näiteks kofeiin mõjub ekstravertidele palju positiivsemalt kui introvertidele.

Caffeine, for example, works much better with extroverts than it does introverts.

Kui ekstraverdid jõuavad hommikul kell 9 kontorisse

When extroverts come into the office at nine o'clock in the morning

ja ütlevad, et vajavad kohe tassi kohvi,

and say, "I really need a cup of coffee,"

they're not kidding --

siis on neil tõsi taga,

they really do.

nad vajavad seda päriselt ka.

Introverts do not do as well,

Introvertidele see sama hästi mõju,

eriti, kui nad peavad töötama peale seda,

particularly if the tasks they're engaged in --

and they've had some coffee --

kui nad on joonud tassi kohvi,

if those tasks are speeded,

kui ollakse ajalise surve all ja tööd on palju

and if they're quantitative,

introverts may give the appearance of not being particularly quantitative.

Introverdid võivad jätta mulje, et neil ei ole eriti midagi käsil,

But it's a misconstrual.

aga see mulje on petlik.

See, mis selgub, on päris intrigeeriv:

So here are the consequences that are really quite intriguing:

me polegi alati need, kellena väljast paistame

we're not always what seem to be,

and that takes me to my next point.

ja see viib mind järgmise asjani.

Võiksin ehk rääkida enne, kui järgmise asja juurde läheme

I should say, before getting to this,

something about sexual intercourse,

midagi seksuaalvahekordade kohta,

although I may not have time.

aga mul vist pole selleks aega.

And so, if you would like me to --

Nii et kui te tahaksite, et ma...

yes, you would?

Jah, te soovite?

OK.

Selge.

(Naer)

(Laughter)

There are studies done

On tehtud uurimusi

abieluliste vahekordade sageduse kohta,

on the frequency with which individuals engage in the conjugal act,

kogudes andmeid nii meeste kui naiste, nii introvertide kui ekstravertide lõikes.

as broken down by male, female; introvert, extrovert.

Küsingi nüüd teilt:

So I ask you:

mitu korda ühes minutis...

How many times per minute --

vabandust, see oli hoopis rottidega tehtud uuring.

oh, I'm sorry, that was a rat study --

(Laughter)

(Naer)

Mitu korda ühes kuus

How many times per month

do introverted men engage in the act?

astuvad introvertsed mehed vahekorda?

3.0.

3.0

Extroverted men?

Ekstravertsed mehed?

More or less?

Rohkem või vähem?

Yes, more.

Jah, rohkem.

5.5 -- almost twice as much.

5.5 ehk peaaegu kaks korda rohkem.

Introverstsed naised: 3.1

Introverted women: 3.1.

Extroverted women?

Ekstravertsed naised?

Frankly, speaking as an introverted male,

Ausalt öeldes, introvertse mehe pilgu läbi,

which I will explain later --

mida ma selgitan hiljem,

they are heroic.

on nad lausa kangelased.

7.5.

7.5

They not only handle all the male extroverts,

Nad saavad hakkama kõikide meesoost ekstravertidega,

vaid korjavad peale ka hea hulga introverte.

they pick up a few introverts as well.

(Laughter)

(Naer)

(Applause)

(Aplaus)

We communicate differently, extroverts and introverts.

Ekstraverdid ja introverdid väljendavad ennast erinevalt.

Extroverts, when they interact,

Ekstraverdid tahavad suheldes

võimalikult palju sotsiaalseid kontakte ja väikest distantsi.

want to have lots of social encounter punctuated by closeness.

They'd like to stand close for comfortable communication.

Nad eelistavad suhtlemisel olla teisele lähedal.

They like to have a lot of eye contact,

Neile meeldib hoida tugevat pilkkontakti

or mutual gaze.

ja üksteisele silma vaadata.

Uurimustes on leitud,

We found in some research

that they use more diminutive terms when they meet somebody.

et nad kasutavad rohkem hellitusnimesid,

kui kellegiga tuttavaks saadakse.

So when an extrovert meets a Charles,

Seega, kui ekstravert saab tuttavaks Charlesiga,

it rapidly becomes "Charlie," and then "Chuck,"

saab sellest kiirelt Charlie ja siis Chuck

and then "Chuckles Baby."

ja siis Chuck-poiss.

(Laughter)

(Naer)

Introvertidele aga jääb ta Charlesiks,

Whereas for introverts,

it remains "Charles," until he's given a pass to be more intimate

seniks kuni vestluspartner ise

pole andnud luba olla intiimsem.

by the person he's talking to.

Me räägime erinevalt.

We speak differently.

Extroverts prefer black-and-white, concrete, simple language.

Ekstraverdid eelistavad must-valget, konkreetset ja lihtsat keelt.

Introverts prefer -- and I must again tell you

Introverdid eelistavad, ja ma pean taaskord toonitama,

that I am as extreme an introvert as you could possibly imagine --

et olen kõige hullem introvert keda suudate eales ette kujutada,

we speak differently.

me räägime väga erinevalt.

We prefer contextually complex,

Me eelistame sisutihedaid,

contingent,

keerulisi,

weasel-word sentences --

targalt kõlavaid lauseid.

(Laughter)

(Naer)

More or less.

Enam vähem nii see on.

(Laughter)

(Naer)

As it were.

Mitte otses mõttes.

(Naer)

(Laughter)

Ilma pikemalt keerutamata,

Not to put too fine a point upon it --

like that.

umbes selliseid.

Kui me omavahel räägime,

When we talk,

we sometimes talk past each other.

siis vahel räägime üksteisest täiesti mööda.

I had a consulting contract I shared with a colleague

Mul oli kunagi koos ühe kolleegiga nõustamisleping,

who's as different from me as two people can possibly be.

ta oli minust nii erinev, kui üldse saab olla.

First, his name is Tom.

Esiteks, tema nimi oli Tom.

Mine isn't.

Minul nimi see pole.

(Laughter)

(Naer)

Teiseks, ta on 2 meetrit pikk.

Secondly, he's six foot five.

I have a tendency not to be.

Mina ilmselt pigem mitte.

(Laughter)

(Naer)

Ja kolmandaks, oli ta kõige ekstravertsem inimene kes üldse olemas on.

And thirdly, he's as extroverted a person as you could find.

I am seriously introverted.

Ja mina olen tugevalt introvertne.

I overload so much,

Ma koorman ennast nii üle,

I can't even have a cup of coffee after three in the afternoon

et ei saa peale kella kolme isegi kohvi juua,

kui tahan õhtul magama jääda.

and expect to sleep in the evening.

Me olime sinna projekti kaasanud veel ühe mehe nimega Michael.

We had seconded to this project a fellow called Michael.

And Michael almost brought the project to a crashing halt.

Ja Michael oleks äärepealt kogu projekti tuksi keeranud.

So the person who seconded him asked Tom and me,

Seega inimene, kes teda meile soovitas, küsis Tomilt ja minult:

"Mis the Michaelist arvate?"

"What do you make of Michael?"

Well, I'll tell you what Tom said in a minute.

No ma kohe ütlen teile, mis Tom ütles.

Ta rääkis nagu tüüpiline ekstravert.

He spoke in classic "extrovert-ese."

And here is how extroverted ears heard what I said,

Ja nii kuulsid ekstravertide kõrvad seda, mis ütlesin mina

which is actually pretty accurate.

ja see oli tegelikult üpris täpne.

I said, "Well Michael does have a tendency at times

Ma ütlesin: “Michaelil on kohati kalduvus

käituda nii, et võib tekkida mulje,

of behaving in a way that some of us might see

as perhaps more assertive than is normally called for."

et on tegemist keskmisest enam ennast kehtestava inimesega.”

(Laughter)

(Naer)

Tom rolled his eyes and he said,

Tom pööritas silmi ja ütles:

"Brian, that's what I said:

"Brian, see on täpselt sama, mis mina ütlesin,

he's an asshole!"

ta on täielik sitapea!”

(Laughter)

(Naer)

(Aplaus)

(Applause)

Now, as an introvert,

I might gently allude to certain "assholic" qualities

Introverdina võin ma ju õrnalt vihjata mõnele “sitapeale" omasele joonele

selle mehe käitumises,

in this man's behavior,

aga ma ei torma solvaguid pilduma.

but I'm not going to lunge for the a-word.

(Laughter)

(Naer)

Aga ekstravert ütleb:

But the extrovert says,

"If he walks like one, if he talks like one, I call him one."

“Kui ta käitub ja räägib nagu sitapea, siis see ta ongi.”

And we go past each other.

Ja nii me räägimegi üksteisest mööda.

Now is this something that we should be heedful of?

Kas see peaks tähelepanelikuks tegema?

Of course.

Muidugi.

Seda on oluline endale teadvustada.

It's important that we know this.

Is that all we are?

Kas see ongi kõik, mis me oleme?

Are we just a bunch of traits?

Kas me oleme lihtsalt hunnik iseloomujooni?

No, we're not.

Ei, seda me ei ole.

Pea meeles, sa oled nagu mõned teised

Remember, you're like some other people

ja samas mitte kellegi teise moodi.

and like no other person.

How about that idiosyncratic you?

Kuidas on selle isikupärase sinaga?

As Elizabeth or as George,

Sa võid olla Elizabeth või George,

you may share your extroversion or your neuroticism.

teil võivad mõlemal olla ekstraverdi või neurootilisuse tunnused.

But are there some distinctively Elizabethan features of your behavior,

Aga kas on mingid kindlad Elizabethile omased jooned sinu käitumises

or Georgian of yours,

või Georgile omased sinu käitumises,

that make us understand you better than just a bunch of traits?

mis aitavad teid paremini mõista, kui lihtsalt iseloomujoonte rägastikku?

That make us love you?

Mis panevad teid armastama?

Not just because you're a certain type of person.

Mitte lihtsalt sellepärast, et olete mingit konkreetset tüüpi inimene.

Minu jaoks on kuidagi imelik lahterdada inimesi kategooriatesse.

I'm uncomfortable putting people in pigeonholes.

Isegi tuvisid peaks kastidesse lahterdama!

I don't even think pigeons belong in pigeonholes.

Seega mis on see asi, mis meid eristab?

So what is it that makes us different?

See on see, mida me elus teeme.

It's the doings that we have in our life -- the personal projects.

Meie isiklikud ettevõtmised.

You have a personal project right now,

Teil kõigil on ajada mingi oma asi,

but nobody may know it here.

aga keegi teine ei pruugi seda teada.

It relates to your kid --

See asi võib olla seotud su lapsega.

you've been back three times to the hospital,

Oled juba kolm korda haiglas käinud,

aga ikka ei osata öelda, mis viga on.

and they still don't know what's wrong.

Or it could be your mom.

Või on midagi lahti su emaga.

Ja seetõttu oled viimasel ajal käitunud teistmoodi.

And you'd been acting out of character.

These are free traits.

Need on kinnistumata iseloomujooned.

You're very agreeable, but you act disagreeably

Sa võid olla väga meeldiv inimene, kuid käituda ebameeldivalt,

in order to break down those barriers of administrative torpor

selleks, et murda haiglas läbi administratiivse rägastiku,

in the hospital,

to get something for your mom or your child.

et teha midagi oma ema või lapse heaks.

What are these free traits?

Mis need kinnistumata iseloomujooned on?

They're where we enact a script

Nad on justkui stsenaarium, mida me järgime,

in order to advance a core project in our lives.

et saaksime paremini asjada asja, mis on meile elus oluline.

And they are what matters.

Need kinnistamata jooned on need, mis tegelikult loevad.

Don't ask people what type you are;

Ära küsi kelleltki, mis tüüpi inimene nad on,

ask them, "What are your core projects in your life?"

küsi: “Mis on sinu jaoks kõige olulisemad asjad?”

Meie käitumine põhineb kinnistamata loomuomadustel.

And we enact those free traits.

I'm an introvert,

Mina olen introvert,

but I have a core project, which is to profess.

aga mu elu eesmärgiks on õpetatada.

I'm a professor.

Ma olen õppejõud.

And I adore my students,

Ja ma jumaldan oma üliõpilasi,

ja ma jumaldan oma eriala.

and I adore my field.

And I can't wait to tell them about what's new, what's exciting,

Ja ma ei jõua ära oodata, millal ma saan

neile rääkida kõigest uuest ja põnevast,

ma lihtsalt tahan nendega seda jagada.

what I can't wait to tell them about.

And so I act in an extroverted way,

Ja sel juhul käitun ma nagu ekstravert,

because at eight in the morning,

sest kell 8 hommikul

vajavad üliõpilased veidi huumorit,

the students need a little bit of humor,

a little bit of engagement to keep them going

midagi, mis neid kaasa haaraks,

kuigi õppekoormus on niigi suur.

in arduous days of study.

But we need to be very careful

Aga peame olema ettevaatlikud,

when we act protractedly out of character.

kui käitume pikemat aega oma loomusele mittevastavalt.

Sometimes we may find that we don't take care of ourselves.

Vahel märkame, et me ei kanna enda eest piisavalt hoolt.

Mina tunnen, et peale pseudo-ekstravertse käitumise perioodi,

I find, for example, after a period of pseudo-extroverted behavior,

I need to repair somewhere on my own.

pean sellest kusagil omaette taastuma.

As Susan Cain said in her "Quiet" book,

Nagu Susan Cain ütles oma raamatus “Vaikus",

peatükis, mis rääkis ühest veidrast Kanada professorist,

in a chapter that featured the strange Canadian professor

kes sellel ajal õpetas Harvardis,

who was teaching at the time at Harvard,

et teinekord läheb ta meeste tualetti,

I sometimes go to the men's room

to escape the slings and arrows of outrageous extroverts.

et pääseda märatsevate ekstravertide noolerahe eest.

(Naer)

(Laughter)

Ma mäletan selgelt seda päeva, kui olin eraldunud ühte kabiini

I remember one particular day when I was retired to a cubicle,

üritades vältida liigset stimulatsiooni.

trying to avoid overstimulation.

Ja üks tõeline ekstrovert tuli minu kõrvale.

And a real extrovert came in beside me -- not right in my cubicle,

Mitte minu kabiini, vaid minu kõrvalkabiini.

but in the next cubicle over --

and I could hear various evacuatory noises,

Ja ma kuulsin mitmeid soolestikku puhastavaid helisid,

which we hate -- even our own,

mida me kõik vihkame, isegi oma enda omasid,

selle pärast tõmbame vett nii peale lõpetamist kui ka poole peal.

that's why we flush during as well as after.

(Laughter)

(Naer)

And then I heard this gravelly voice saying,

Ja siis ma kuulsin üht ragisevat häält küsimas:

"Hey, is that Dr. Little?"

"Kas see on Dr Little?"

(Laughter)

(Naer)

If anything is guaranteed to constipate an introvert for six months,

Kui miski suudab tekitada introverdil kuueks kuuks kõhukinnisuse,

siis on see poti peal vestlemine.

it's talking on the john.

(Laughter)

(Naer)

Sinna lähen ma ka praegu.

That's where I'm going now.

Don't follow me.

Ärge tulge mulle järgi.

Thank you.

Aitäh.

(Applause)

(Aplaus)