Shlomo Benartzi: Saving for tomorrow, tomorrow

Prevodilac: Matija Sabadoš Lektor: Ivana Korom

I'm going to talk today about saving more,

Danas ću pričati o tome kako štedeti više,

but not today, tomorrow.

ali ne danas, sutra.

I'm going to talk about Save More Tomorrow.

Pričaću o "Uštedite više sutra".

It's a program that Richard Thaler

Reč je o programu koji smo Ričard Taler,

from the University of Chicago and I

sa Univerziteta u Čikagu, i ja

devised maybe 15 years ago.

osmislili pre nekih 15 godina.

The program, in a sense,

Program je, na neki način,

is an example of behavioral finance

primer bihejviorističkih finansija

on steroids --

na steroidima --

how we could really use behavioral finance.

kako zaista iskoristiti bihejviorističke finansije.

Now you might ask, what is behavioral finance?

Možda ćete se zapitati, šta su bihejviorističke finansije?

So let's think about how we manage our money.

Zato razmislimo kako upravljamo svojim novcem.

Let's start with mortgages.

Počnimo od hipoteka.

It's kind of a recent topic,

To je prilično bliska tema,

at least in the U.S.

barem u SAD.

A lot of people buy

Mnogi ljudi kupuju

the biggest house they can afford,

najveću kuću koju mogu da priušte,

and actually slightly bigger than that.

pa čak i malo veću od toga.

And then they foreclose.

I potom moraju da ponište ugovor.

And then they blame the banks

A onda krive banke,

for being the bad guys who gave them the mortgages.

kao zlikovce koji su im dali te hipoteke.

Let's also think about

Takođe, razmislimo o tome

how we manage risks --

kako upravljamo rizicima --

for example, investing in the stock market.

na primer, investiranje na berzi.

Two years ago, three years ago, about four years ago,

Pre dve, tri, četri godine,

markets did well.

tržišta su dobro funkcionisala

We were risk takers, of course.

Bili smo hazarderi, naravno.

Then market stocks seize

Potom su akcije prestale da rastu,

and we're like, "Wow.

a mi smo mislili: "Oho.

These losses, they feel, emotionally,

Ovi gubici, emotivno, deluju

they feel very different

veoma različito

from what we actually thought about it

od onoga kako smo mislili o tome

when markets were going up."

kada je berza bila uspešna."

So we're probably not doing a great job

Znači da najverovatnije ne obavljamo odličan posao

when it comes to risk taking.

kada je preuzimanje rizika u pitanju.

How many of you have iPhones?

Koliko od vas ima iPhone?

Anyone? Wonderful.

Bilo ko? Divno.

I would bet many more of you

Kladio bih se da mnogo više vas

insure your iPhone --

osigurava vaš iPhone --

you're implicitly buying insurance by having an extended warranty.

implicitno kupujete osiguranje time što imate produženu garanciju.

What if you lose your iPhone?

Šta ako izgubite svoj iPhone?

What if you do this?

Šta ako vam se to desi?

How many of you have kids?

Koliko vas ima decu?

Anyone?

Bilo ko?

Keep your hands up

Držite ruke gore

if you have sufficient life insurance.

ako imate zadovoljavajuće životno osiguranje.

I see a lot of hands coming down.

Vidim mnogo ruku koje se spuštaju.

I would predict,

Predvideo bih,

if you're a representative sample,

ukoliko ste reprezentativni uzorak,

that many more of you

da mnogo više vas

insure your iPhones than your lives,

osigurava svoj iPhone nego svoj život,

even when you have kids.

čak iako imate decu.

We're not doing that well when it comes to insurance.

Ne ide nam baš najbolje kada je u pitanju osiguranje.

The average American household

Prosečno američko domaćinstvo

spends 1,000 dollars a year

troši 1 000 dolara godišnje

on lotteries.

na lutriju.

And I know it sounds crazy.

Znam da to zvuči suludo.

How many of you spend a thousand dollars a year on lotteries?

Koliko vas godišnje troši hiljadu dolara na lutriju?

No one.

Niko.

So that tells us that the people not in this room

To nam govori da ljudi koji nisu u ovoj prostoriji

are spending more than a thousand

troše više od hiljadu

to get the average to a thousand.

kako bi podigli prosek do hiljadu.

Low-income people

Ljudi sa niskim primanjima

spend a lot more than a thousand on lotteries.

troše mnogo više od hiljadu na lutriju.

So where does it take us?

Kuda nas to vodi?

We're not doing a great job managing money.

Ne obavljamo dobar posao upravljanja novcem.

Behavioral finance is really a combination

Bihejviorističke finansije su kombinacija

of psychology and economics,

psihologije i ekonomije,

trying to understand

koja pokušava da shvati

the money mistakes people make.

novčane greške koje ljudi čine.

And I can keep standing here

Mogu ostati ovde tokom

for the 12 minutes and 53 seconds that I have left

12 minuta i 53 sekunde koliko mi je preostalo

and make fun of all sorts of ways

i ismevati silne načine

we manage money,

kojima upravljamo novcem,

and at the end you're going to ask, "How can we help people?"

na kraju ćete pitati: "Kako možemo pomoći ljudima?"

And that's what I really want to focus on today.

Na to želim da se usredsredim danas.

How do we take an understanding

Kako uzeti razumevanje

of the money mistakes people make,

novčanih grešaka koje ljudi čine,

and then turning the behavioral challenges

i potom promeniti bihejviorističke izazove

into behavioral solutions?

u bihejvioristička rešenja?

And what I'm going to talk about today

Danas ću govoriti o

is Save More Tomorrow.

"Uštedeti više sutra".

I want to address the issue

Želim da pričam

of savings.

o štednji.

We have on the screen

Na ekranu imamo

a representative sample

reprezentativni uzorak

of 100 Americans.

od 100 Amerikanaca.

And we're going to look at their saving behavior.

Razmotrićemo njihove načine štednje.

First thing to notice is,

Prvo što se primećuje,

half of them

je da polovina njih

do not even have access

uopšte nema pristup

to a 401(k) plan.

penzijskom fondu.

They cannot make savings easy.

Ne mogu s lakoćom štedeti.

They cannot have money go away from their paycheck

Nemaju mogućnost da im novac od plate ide

into a 401(k) plan

u penzijski fond

before they see it,

pre nego što ga vide,

before they can touch it.

pre nego što ga uzmu u ruke.

What about the remaining half of the people?

Šta je sa preostalom polovinom?

Some of them elect not to save.

Neki od njih biraju da ne štede.

They're just too lazy.

Jednostavno su suviše lenji.

They never get around to logging into a complicated website

Nikada se ne potrude da se prijave na komplikovan vebsajt

and doing 17 clicks to join the 401(k) plan.

i učine 17 klikova za pristup penzionom fondu.

And then they have to decide how they're going to invest

A potom moraju odlučiti kako će investirati

in their 52 choices,

u svoja 52 izbora,

and they never heard about what is a money market fund.

a nikada nisu čuli za fondove tržišta novca.

And they get overwhelmed and the just don't join.

Osete se nemoćnima pa se ne priključe.

How many people end up saving to a 401(k) plan?

Koliko ljudi na kraju štedi sa penzionim fondom?

One third of Americans.

Jedna trećina Amerikanaca.

Two thirds are not saving now.

Dve trećine ne štedi trenutno.

Are they saving enough?

Da li dovoljno štede?

Take out those

Izbacite one

who say they save too little.

koji kažu da premalo štede.

One out of 10

Jedan u 10

are saving enough.

štedi dovoljno.

Nine out of 10

Devet od 10

either cannot save through their 401(k) plan,

ili ne mogu štedeti putem penzionog fonda,

decide not to save -- or don't decide --

odluče da ne štede -- ili ne odluče --

or save too little.

ili štede premalo.

We think we have a problem

Mislimo da imamo problem

of people saving too much.

prevelike štednje.

Let's look at that.

Hajde da to razmotrimo.

We have one person --

Imamo osobu --

well, actually we're going to slice him in half

zapravo ćemo tu osobu prepoloviti

because it's less than one percent.

jer predstavlja manje od 1 procenta.

Roughly half a percent of Americans

Grubo, pola procenta Amerkinaca

feel that they save too much.

smatra da štedi previše.

What are we going to do about it?

Šta ćemo uraditi po tom pitanju?

That's what I really want to focus on.

Zapravo na to se želim fokusirati.

We have to understand

Moramo razumeti

why people are not saving,

zašto ljudi ne štede,

and then we can hopefully flip

kako bismo možda mogli pretvoriti

the behavioral challenges

bihejviorističke izazove

into behavioral solutions,

u bihejvioristička rešenja

and then see how powerful it might be.

i videti koliko moćna mogu biti.

So let me divert for a second

Dozvolite da skrenem s teme na kratko

as we're going to identify the problems,

dok budemo identifikovali probleme,

the challenges, the behavioral challenges,

izazove, bihejviorističke izazove,

that prevent people from saving.

koji sprečavaju ljude da štede.

I'm going to divert and talk about bananas and chocolate.

Skrenuću tako što ću pričati o bananama i čokoladi.

Suppose we had another wonderful TED event next week.

Pretpostavimo da imamo još jedan TED događaj sledeće nedelje.

And during the break

I tokom pauze

there would be a snack

ima zakuska

and you could choose bananas or chocolate.

i možete da birate banane ili čokoladu.

How many of you think you would like to have bananas

Koliko vas misli da bi volelo da pojede banane

during this hypothetical TED event next week?

tokom ovog hipotetičkog TED događaja?

Who would go for bananas?

Ko bi uzeo banane?

Wonderful.

Divno.

I predict scientifically

Naučno mogu predvideti

74 percent of you will go for bananas.

da će 74% vas odabrati banane.

Well that's at least what one wonderful study predicted.

Uostalom to je predvidela jedna divna studija.

And then count down the days

Potom odbrojavamo dane

and see what people ended up eating.

i vidimo šta su ljudi stvarno pojeli.

The same people that imagined themselves

Isti ljudi koji su sebe videli

eating the bananas

kako jedu banane

ended up eating chocolates

na kraju su jeli čokolade

a week later.

sedmicu kasnije.

Self-control

Samokontrola

is not a problem in the future.

nije problem u budućnosti.

It's only a problem now

Ona je samo problem sada

when the chocolate is next to us.

kada je čokolada pored nas.

What does it have to do with time and savings,

Kakve veze sa vremenom i štednjom

this issue of immediate gratification?

ima ovaj problem trenutnog zadovoljavanja?

Or as some economists call it, present bias.

Ili kako to neki ekonomisti nazivaju, sadašnja pristrasnost.

We think about saving. We know we should be saving.

Mislimo o štednji. Znamo da bi trebalo da štedimo.

We know we'll do it next year, but today let us go and spend.

Znamo da ćemo štedeti sledeće godine, ali danas trošimo.

Christmas is coming,

Božić je na vidiku,

we might as well buy a lot of gifts for everyone we know.

što ne bismo kupili gomilu poklona za svakoga koga poznajemo.

So this issue of present bias

Ovaj problem trenutne pristrasnosti

causes us to think about saving,

nas tera da mislimo o štednji,

but end up spending.

dok na kraju ipak sve potrošimo.

Let me now talk

Sada ću govoriti

about another behavioral obstacle to saving

o još jednoj bihejvioristčkoj prepreci štednji

having to do with inertia.

koja ima veze sa inertnošću.

But again, a little diversion

Ali opet, mala digresija

to the topic of organ donation.

na temu doniranja organa.

Wonderful study comparing different countries.

Divna studija koja poredi različite države.

We're going to look at two similar countries,

Uporedićemo dve slične države,

Germany and Austria.

Nemačku i Austriju.

And in Germany,

U Nemačkoj,

if you would like to donate your organs --

ako želite da donirate svoje organe --

God forbid something really bad

sačuvaj bože da vam se nešto

happens to you --

jako loše desi --

when you get your driving license or an I.D.,

pri dobijanju vozačke dozvole ili lične karte,

you check the box saying,

štriklirate kvadratić koji kaže:

"I would like to donate my organs."

"Želim da doniram svoje organe."

Not many people like checking boxes.

Malo njih voli da štriklira kvadratiće.

It takes effort. You need to think.

Potreban je trud. Morate da mislite.

Twelve percent do.

Dvanaest posto to čini.

Austria, a neighboring country,

Austrija, susedna država,

slightly similar, slightly different.

pomalo slična, pomalo različita.

What's the difference?

U čemu je razlika?

Well, you still have choice.

I dalje imate izbor.

You will decide

Vi odlučujete

whether you want to donate your organs or not.

da li želite da donirate svoje organe.

But when you get your driving license,

Ali pri dobijanju vozačke dozvole,

you check the box

štriklirate kvadratić

if you do not want to donate your organ.

ukoliko ne želite da donirate organe.

Nobody checks boxes.

Niko ne štriklira kvadratiće.

That's kind of too much effort.

To je nekako previše truda.

One percent check the box. The rest do nothing.

Jedan posto štriklira. Ostali ne urade ništa.

Doing nothing is very common.

Nečinjenje je veoma uobičajeno.

Not many people check boxes.

Malo ljudi štriklira kvadrate.

What are the implications

Kakve su implikacije

to saving lives

po spasavanje života

and having organs available?

i imanje organa na raspolaganju?

In Germany, 12 percent check the box.

U Nemačkoj, 12 posto štriklira kvadrate.

Twelve percent are organ donors.

Dvanaest posto su donatori organa.

Huge shortage of organs,

Veliki nedostatak organa,

God forbid, if you need one.

sačuvaj bože da vam jedan zatreba.

In Austria, again, nobody checks the box.

U Austriji, niko ne štriklira kvadrat.

Therefore, 99 percent of people

Stoga, 99 posto ljudi

are organ donors.

su donatori organa.

Inertia, lack of action.

Inercija, nedostatak radnje.

What is the default setting

Šta je standardna podešenost

if people do nothing,

ukoliko ljudi ne čine ništa,

if they keep procrastinating, if they don't check the boxes?

ukoliko odugovlače, ukoliko ne štrikliraju kvadratiće?

Very powerful.

Veoma moćno.

We're going to talk

Govorićemo o tome

about what happens if people are overwhelmed and scared

šta dešava kada su ljudi preplavljeni i uplašeni

to make their 401(k) choices.

pravljenjem svojih penzionih izbora.

Are we going to make them automatically join the plan,

Da li ih automatski naterati da se priključe fondovima

or are they going to be left out?

ili ih izostaviti?

In too many 401(k) plans,

U većini penzionih fondova,

if people do nothing,

ukoliko ljudi ništa ne rade,

it means they're not saving for retirement,

znači da ne štede za penziju,

if they don't check the box.

ukoliko ne štrikliraju kvadrat.

And checking the box takes effort.

A štrikliranje zahteva trud.

So we've chatted about a couple of behavioral challenges.

Pričali smo o par bihejviorističkih izazova.

One more before we flip the challenges into solutions,

Još jedan izazov pre nego što izazove pretvorimo u rešenja,

having to do with monkeys and apples.

ima veze sa majmunima i jabukama.

No, no, no, this is a real study

Ne, ne, ne, ovo je stvarno istraživanje

and it's got a lot to do with behavioral economics.

i ima puno veze sa bihejviorističkom ekonomijom.

One group of monkeys gets an apple, they're pretty happy.

Jedna grupa majmuna dobije jabuku, prilično su srećni.

The other group gets two apples, one is taken away.

Druga grupa dobije dve jabuke, jedna im se oduzima.

They still have an apple left.

I dalje imaju jednu jabuku.

They're really mad.

Jako su besni.

Why have you taken our apple?

Zašto ste nam uzeli jabuku?

This is the notion of loss aversion.

Ovo je pojam averzije prema gubitku.

We hate losing stuff,

Mrzimo da gubimo stvari,

even if it doesn't mean a lot of risk.

čak i kad to ne podrazumeva mnogo rizika.

You would hate to go to the ATM,

Mrzeli biste da odete do bankomata,

take out 100 dollars

izvadite 100 dolara

and notice that you lost one of those $20 bills.

i shvatite da ste izgubili jednu novčanicu od 20 dolara.

It's very painful,

To je veoma bolno,

even though it doesn't mean anything.

iako ništa ne znači.

Those 20 dollars might have been a quick lunch.

Tih 20 dolara su mogli biti ručak s nogu.

So this notion of loss aversion

Pojam averzije prema gubitku

kicks in when it comes to savings too,

proradi i kada je reč o štednji,

because people, mentally

jer ljudi, mentalno

and emotionally and intuitively

emotivno i intuitivno

frame savings as a loss

smatraju štednju gubitkom

because I have to cut my spending.

jer moraju da smanje potrošnju.

So we talked about

Pričali smo o

all sorts of behavioral challenges

raznim vrstama bihejviorističkih izazova

having to do with savings eventually.

koji na kraju imaju veze sa štednjom.

Whether you think about immediate gratification,

Mislili vi o trenutnom zadovoljenju

and the chocolates versus bananas,

ili čokoladi protiv banana,

it's just painful to save now.

jednostavno je suviše bolno štedeti sada.

It's a lot more fun

Mnogo je zabavnije

to spend now.

trošiti sada.

We talked about inertia and organ donations

Pričali smo o inertnosti i donaciji organa

and checking the box.

i štrikliranju kvadrata.

If people have to check a lot of boxes

Ako ljudi moraju štriklirati mnogo kvadrata

to join a 401(k) plan,

pri pridruživanju penzionom fondu,

they're going to keep procrastinating

nastaviće da odugovlače

and not join.

i neće se pridružiti.

And last, we talked about loss aversion,

Na kraju, pričali smo o averziji prema gubitku,

and the monkeys and the apples.

i majmunima i jabukama.

If people frame mentally

Ako ljudi mentalno smatraju

saving for retirement as a loss,

štednju za penziju gubitkom,

they're not going to be saving for retirement.

neće štedeti za penziju.

So we've got these challenges,

Stoga imamo ove izazove,

and what Richard Thaler and I

i čime smo Ričard Teler i ja

were always fascinated by --

uvek bili fascinirani --

take behavioral finance,

uzmite bihejviorističke finansije,

make it behavioral finance on steroids

načinite ih bihejviorističkim finansijama na steroidima

or behavioral finance 2.0

ili bihejviorsitičkim finansijama 2.0

or behavioral finance in action --

ili bihejviorističkim finansijama u akciji --

flip the challenges into solutions.

i okrenite izazove u rešenja.

And we came up with an embarrassingly simple solution

Našli smo sramno jednostavno rešenje

called Save More, not today, Tomorrow.

nazvano "Štedite više, ne danas, sutra".

How is it going to solve the challenges

Kako će to razrešiti izazove

we chatted about?

o kojima smo govorili?

If you think about the problem

Ako razmislite o problemu

of bananas versus chocolates,

banana protiv čokolade,

we think we're going to eat bananas next week.

mislimo da ćemo jesti banane sledeće nedelje.

We think we're going to save more next year.

Mislimo da ćemo više štedeti sledeće godine.

Save More Tomorrow

"Uštedite više sutra"

invites employees

poziva zaposlene

to save more maybe next year --

da štede više možda sledeće godine --

sometime in the future

u nekom trenutku u budućnosti

when we can imagine ourselves

kada mogu sebe zamisliti

eating bananas,

kako jedu banane,

volunteering more in the community,

pomažu više u zajednici,

exercising more and doing all the right things on the planet.

vežbaju više i rade sve one prave stvari na planeti.

Now we also talked about checking the box

Takođe, pričali smo o štrikliranju kvadrata

and the difficulty of taking action.

i težini preduzimanja akcije.

Save More Tomorrow

"Uštedite više sutra"

makes it easy.

to čini lakim.

It's an autopilot.

Kao autopilot.

Once you tell me you would like to save more in the future,

Kada mi jednom kažete da biste želeli štedeti više u budućnosti,

let's say every January

recimo svakog januara,

you're going to be saving more automatically

automatski ćete više štedeti i

and it's going to go away from your paycheck to the 401(k) plan

novac će biti skinut sa vaše plate za vaš penzioni fond

before you see it, before you touch it,

pre nego što ga vidite, pre nego što ga uzmete u ruke,

before you get the issue

pre nego što budete imali problem

of immediate gratification.

trenutnog zadovoljenja.

But what are we going to do about the monkeys

Šta da radimo u vezi s majmunima

and loss aversion?

i averzijom prema gubitku?

Next January comes

Dolaskom sledećeg januara,

and people might feel that if they save more,

ljudi mogu smatrati da ako više uštede,

they have to spend less, and that's painful.

moraju manje da potroše, a to je bolno.

Well, maybe it shouldn't be just January.

Možda onda ne bi trebao biti samo januar.

Maybe we should make people save more

Možda bi trebalo da teramo ljude da štede više

when they make more money.

kada zarade više novca.

That way, when they make more money, when they get a pay raise,

Tako, kada zarade više novca, kada dobiju povišicu,

they don't have to cut their spending.

ne moraju smanjiti svoju potrošnju.

They take a little bit

Ponesu malo

of the increase in the paycheck home

povišice kući

and spend more --

i potroše više --

take a little bit of the increase

uzmu malo povišice

and put it in a 401(k) plan.

i stave u svoj penzioni fond.

So that is the program,

To je program,

embarrassingly simple,

sramotno jednostavan,

but as we're going to see,

ali kao što ćemo videti,

extremely powerful.

izuzetno moćan.

We first implemented it,

Prvi put smo ga sproveli u delo,

Richard Thaler and I,

Ričard Teler i ja,

back in 1998.

još 1998.

Mid-sized company in the Midwest,

Kompanija srednje veličine na Srednjem zapadu,

blue collar employees

zaposleni "plavih kragni"

struggling to pay their bills

koji se muče da plaćaju račune,

repeatedly told us

su nam više puta rekli

they cannot save more right away.

kako ne mogu štedeti više u datom trenutku.

Saving more today is not an option.

Štedeti više danas nije bila mogućnost.

We invited them to save

Pozvali smo ih da štede

three percentage points more

tri procenta više

every time they get a pay raise.

svaki put kada dobiju povišicu.

And here are the results.

A ovo su rezultati.

We're seeing here a three and a half-year period,

Gledamo period od tri ipo godine,

four pay raises,

četiri povišice,

people who were struggling to save,

ljude koji su se borili da bi uštedeli,

were saving three percent of their paycheck,

koji su štedeli tri posto svoje plate,

three and a half years later

tri i po godine kasnije

saving almost four times as much,

štede skoro četiri puta toliko,

almost 14 percent.

skoro 14 posto.

And there's shoes and bicycles

Ima cipela i bicikala

and things on this chart

i drugih stvari na ovom grafiku

because I don't want to just throw numbers

jer ne želim da vas samo gađam brojkama

in a vacuum.

u vakuumu.

I want, really, to think about the fact

Želim da razmislimo o činjenici

that saving four times more

da je štedeti čitiri puta više

is a huge difference

ogromna razlika

in terms of the lifestyle

po pitanju stila života

that people will be able to afford.

koji će ti ljudi moći sebi da priušte.

It's real.

To je stvarno.

It's not just numbers on a piece of paper.

To nisu samo brojke na parčetu papira.

Whereas with saving three percent,

Dok bi pri štednji od tri procenta,

people might have to add nice sneakers

možda mogli da priušte lepe patike

so they can walk,

za šetnju,

because they won't be able to afford anything else,

jer ne bi mogli sebi priuštiti ništa drugo,

when they save 14 percent

kada štede 14 posto

they might be able to maybe have nice dress shoes

možda mogu da kupe lepe cipele uz haljinu

to walk to the car to drive.

da odšetaju do automobila koji voze.

This is a real difference.

Ovo je stvarna razlika.

By now, about 60 percent of the large companies

Do sada, oko 60 posto velikih kompanija

actually have programs like this in place.

je usvojilo ovakve programe.

It's been part of the Pension Protection Act.

Postalo je deo Zakona o zaštiti penzija.

And needless to say that Thaler and I

Ne mora se ni reći da smo Teler i ja

have been blessed to be part of this program

bili blagosloveni što smo deo ovog programa

and make a difference.

i pravimo razliku pomažući drugima.

Let me wrap

Završiću

with two key messages.

sa dve ključne poruke.

One is behavioral finance

Jedna je da su bihejviorističke finansije

is extremely powerful.

izuzetno snažne.

This is just one example.

Ovo je samo jedan primer.

Message two

Druga poruka je

is there's still a lot to do.

da ima još mnogo da se uradi.

This is really the tip of the iceberg.

Ovo je samo vrh ledenog brega.

If you think about people and mortgages

Mislite o ljudima i hipotekama

and buying houses and then not being able to pay for it,

i kupovini kuće koju potom ne možete otplatiti,

we need to think about that.

o tome moramo razmišljati.

If you're thinking about people taking too much risk

Mislite o ljudima koji preuzimaju previše rizika

and not understanding how much risk they're taking

i ne shvatajući koliko rizika preuzimaju

or taking too little risk,

ili rizikuju premalo,

we need to think about that.

i o tome moramo razmišljati.

If you think about people spending a thousand dollars a year

Mislite o ljudima koji troše hiljade dolara godišnje

on lottery tickets,

na lutrijske lozove,

we need to think about that.

i o tome moramo razmišljati.

The average actually,

Najviši prosek,

the record is in Singapore.

je zapravo u Singapuru.

The average household

Presečno domaćinstvo

spends $4,000 a year on lottery tickets.

troši 4 000 dolara godišnje na lutrijske lozove.

We've got a lot to do,

Imamo mnogo posla,

a lot to solve,

mnogo problema,

also in the retirement area

takođe u oblasti penzija

when it comes to what people do with their money

kada je u pitanju šta ljudi rade sa svojim novcem

after retirement.

nakon penzionisanja.

One last question:

Poslednje ptanje:

How many of you feel comfortable

koliko vas je zadovoljno

that as you're planning for retirement

i misli da prilikom planiranja

you have a really solid plan

ima solidan plan za

when you're going to retire,

period nakon penzionisanja,

when you're going to claim Social Security benefits,

kada budete zahtevali beneficije socijalnog osiguranja,

what lifestyle to expect,

kakav stil života možete očekivati,

how much to spend every month

koliko možete trošiti svakog meseca

so you're not going to run out of money?

kako ne biste ostali bez novca?

How many of you feel you have a solid plan for the future

Koliko vas smatra da ima dobar plan za budućnost

when it comes to post-retirement decisions.

kada su u pitanju odluke za period nakon penzionisanja?

One, two, three, four.

Jedan, dva, tri, četiri.

Less than three percent

Manje od tri posto

of a very sophisticated audience.

veoma sofisticirane publike.

Behavioral finance has a long way.

Bihejviorističke finansije imaju da pređu dug put.

There's a lot of opportunities

Ima mnogo prilika

to make it powerful again and again and again.

da ih učinimo snažnim, iznova i iznova i iznova.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)