Bryan Stevenson: We need to talk about an injustice | TED

Prevodilac: Jelena Nedjic Lektor: Branislav Ivkovic

Zaista sam počastvovan što sam ovde.

Well, this is a really extraordinary honor for me.

Uglavnom provodim vreme

I spend most of my time in jails, in prisons, on death row.

u pritvorima, zatvorima, na izvršenju smrtne kazne.

I spend most of my time in very low-income communities,

Najveći deo vremena provodim u siromašnim zajednicama,

in the projects and places where there's a great deal of hopelessness.

u komunama i mestima gde nema mnogo nade.

Gostovanje na TED-u,

And being here at TED and seeing the stimulation, hearing it,

i doživljaj podsticaja ovde, saznanja,

has been very, very energizing to me.

su mi dali mnogo energije.

And one of the things that's emerged in my short time here

Ono što sam shvatio za vreme svog kratkog boravka ovde

is that TED has an identity.

jeste da TED ima identitet.

And you can actually say things here that have impacts around the world.

Ovde možete saopštiti stvari

koje će imati uticaj širom sveta.

And sometimes when it comes through TED, it has meaning and power

Ponekada, kada je to saopšteno na TED-u,

to ima veći značaj i moć,

that it doesn't have when it doesn't.

koju ne bi posedovalo bez TED-a.

And I mention that because I think identity is really important.

Govorim ovo jer smatram da je identitet značajan.

Videli smo fantastična predavanja.

And we've had some fantastic presentations.

Mislim da smo naučili

And I think what we've learned is that, if you're a teacher,

da reči nastavnika mogu biti pune značenja,

your words can be meaningful,

ali reči strastvenih nastavnika,

but if you're a compassionate teacher, they can be especially meaningful.

one mogu biti naročito značajne.

Doktori mogu činiti dobre stvari,

If you're a doctor, you can do some good things,

ali ukoliko ste saosećajni doktor, onda činite neke druge stvari.

but if you're a caring doctor, you can do some other things.

Zato želim da pričam o moći identiteta.

So I want to talk about the power of identity.

Nisam to naučio ustvari

And I didn't learn about this actually practicing law

baveći se pravom i radom koji činim.

and doing the work that I do.

To sam naučio od svoje bake.

I actually learned about this from my grandmother.

Odrastao sam u tradicionalnoj

I grew up in a house that was the traditional African American home

afro-američkoj familiji,

u kojoj dominira matrijarhat,

that was dominated by a matriarch,

and that matriarch was my grandmother.

a on je bio oličen u mojoj baki.

Bila je stroga, bila je jaka,

She was tough, she was strong, she was powerful.

bila je moćna.

She was the end of every argument in our family.

Ona je završavala svaku raspravu u našoj porodici.

(Laughter)

She was the beginning of a lot of arguments in our family.

Bila je i začetnik mnogih rasprava u našoj porodici.

(Laughter)

Bila je ćerka ljudi koji su bili porobljeni.

She was the daughter of people who were actually enslaved.

Njeni roditelji su rođeni u ropstvu, u Virdžiniji 1840-tih.

Her parents were born in slavery in Virginia in the 1840s.

Ona je rođena 1880-tih,

She was born in the 1880s,

i iskustvo ropstva

and the experience of slavery

je poprilično obilikovalo način na koji gleda na svet.

very much shaped the way she saw the world.

And my grandmother was tough, but she was also loving.

Moja baka je bila stroga, ali puna ljubavi.

Kada bih je video dok sam bio dečačić,

When I would see her as a little boy,

ona bi mi prišla i grlila me.

she'd come up to me and give me these hugs.

Tako bi me snažno zagrlila da nisam mogao da dišem,

And she'd squeeze me so tight I could barely breathe,

a onda bi me pustila.

and then she'd let me go.

Ukoliko bih je ugledao sat ili dva kasnije,

And an hour or two later, if I saw her,

prišla bi mi i pitala: "Brajane, da li još uvek osećaš moj zagrljaj?"

she'd come over to me and say, "Bryan, do you still feel me hugging you?"

Ukoliko bih rekao: "Ne", prigrabila bi me opet,

If I said, "No," she'd assault me again,

a ukoliko bih rekao "Da", ostavila bi me na miru.

and if I said, "Yes," she'd leave me alone.

Odlikovala se time da

And she just had this quality that you always wanted to be near her.

ste uvek želeli da budete blizu nje.

Izazov je bio u tome što je imala desetoro dece.

And the only challenge was that she had 10 children.

My mom was the youngest of her 10 kids.

Moja majka je bila najmlađa.

And sometimes when I would go and spend time with her,

Kada bih ponekada otišao da provedem vreme sa njom,

bilo je teško osvojiti njenu pažnju.

it would be difficult to get her time and attention.

Moji rođaci bi jurcali posvuda.

My cousins would be running around everywhere.

Sećam se da sam se probudio jednog jutra, kada mi je bilo

And I remember, when I was about eight or nine years old,

osam ili devet godina, otišao sam u dnevnu sobu,

waking up one morning, going into the living room,

i svi moji rođaci su jurcali naokolo.

and all of my cousins were running around.

Baka je sedela na drugom kraju sobe,

And my grandmother was sitting across the room,

i zurila je u mene.

staring at me.

Pomislio sam prvo da se igramo neke igre.

And at first, I thought we were playing a game.

Pogledao sam je i nasmejao se,

And I would look at her, and I'd smile, but she was very serious.

ali je ona bila veoma ozbiljna.

Nakon 15 ili 20 minuta ove igre,

And after about 15 or 20 minutes of this,

ona je ustala i došla sa drugog kraja sobe,

she got up and she came across the room,

and she took me by the hand,

uhvatila me je za ruku

and she said, "Come on, Bryan. You and I are going to have a talk."

i rekla: "Hajmo, Brajane. Sada ćemo da popričamo."

Sećam se toga kao da je bilo juče.

And I remember this just like it happened yesterday.

I never will forget it.

Nikada to neću zaboraviti.

She took me out back and said, "Bryan, I'm going to tell you something,

Izvela me je napolje i rekla: "Brajan, rećiću ti nešto,

ali nikome nemoj to reći."

but you don't tell anybody what I tell you."

Rekao sam: "U redu, bako."

I said, "OK, Mama."

Rekla je: "Postaraj se da ne uradiš to." Rekoh: "Sigurno."

She said, "Now, you make sure you don't do that."

I said, "Sure."

Onda me je posadila, pogledala me

Then she sat me down and she looked at me,

i rekla: "Želim da znaš

and she said, "I want you to know I've been watching you."

da sam te posmatrala."

And she said, "I think you're special."

Rekla je: "Mislim da si poseban."

She said, "I think you can do anything you want to do."

Rekla je: "Mislim da možeš da uradiš šta god poželiš."

Nikada to neću zaboraviti.

I will never forget it.

And then she said, "I just need you to promise me three things, Bryan."

A onda je rekla: "Ali moraš mi obećati tri stvari, Brajane."

Rekoh: "U redu, bako."

I said, "OK, Mama."

Rekla je: "Prvo želim da mi obećaš

She said, "The first thing I want you to promise me

da ćeš uvek voleti svoju majku."

is that you'll always love your mom."

Rekla je: "To je moja devojčica,

She said, "That's my baby girl,

i moraš mi obećati da ćeš se uvek starati o njoj."

and you have to promise me now you'll always take care of her."

Obožavao sam svoju majku, pa sam rekao: "Da, bako. Učiniću to."

Well, I adored my mom, so I said, "Yes, Mama. I'll do that."

Onda je rekla: "Potom želim da mi obećaš

Then she said, "The second thing I want you to promise me

da ćeš uvek uraditi ispravnu stvar

is that you'll always do the right thing,

čak i kada je to teži put."

even when the right thing is the hard thing."

Razmislio sam o tome i rekao sam: "Da, bako. Uradiću to."

And I thought about it, and I said, "Yes, Mama. I'll do that."

Na kraju je rekla: "Treća stvar koju želim da mi obećaš

Then finally, she said, "The third thing I want you to promise me

je da nikada nećeš piti alkohol."

is that you'll never drink alcohol."

(smeh)

(Laughter)

Imao sam devet godina, te rekoh: "Da, bako. Učiniću to."

Well, I was nine years old, so I said, "Yes, Mama. I'll do that."

Odrastao sam na selu, u seoskom delu juga,

I grew up in the country in the rural South,

imao sam godinu dana starijeg brata i godinu dana mlađu sestru.

and I have a brother a year older than me and a sister a year younger.

Kada mi je bilo 14 ili 15

When I was about 14 or 15,

one day, my brother came home and he had this six-pack of beer;

jednog dana je moj brat došao kući sa gajbom piva,

ne znam gde je nabavio,

I don't know where he got it.

i poveo je mene i sestru u šumu.

He grabbed me and my sister, and we went out in the woods,

Zanimali smo se napolju radeći ludosti koje smo uglavnom radili.

and we were just out there doing the stuff we crazily did,

On je popio gutljaj piva, dao je pivo mojoj sestri, ona je popila malo,

and he had a sip of this beer and gave some to my sister

i ponudili su i meni.

and she had some, and they offered it to me.

Rekao sam: "Ne, ne, ne. U redu je. Vi se zabavite. Neću da pijem pivo."

I said, "No, that's OK. Y'all go ahead. I'm not going to have any."

Moj brat je rekao: "Ma hajde. To danas radimo, ti uvek radiš što i mi.

My brother said, "Come on. We're doing this today; you always do what we do.

Ja sam popio, i tvoja sestra. Popij pivo."

I had some, your sister had some. Have some beer."

Rekao sam: "Ne, ne sviđa mi se ta ideja. Samo napred. Samo napred."

I said, "No, I don't feel right about that. Y'all go ahead."

Tada je moj brat počeo da zuri u mene.

Pitao me je: "Šta je sa tobom? Popij pivo."

And then my brother stared at me and said, "What's wrong with you? Have some beer."

Onda me je prostrelio pogledom i rekao:

Then he looked at me real hard and said,

"A, nadam se da nisi i dalje opsednut

"Oh, I hope you're not still hung up on that conversation Mama had with you."

razgovorom za bakom."

(smeh)

(Laughter)

Rekao sam: "Ma o čemu pričaš?"

I said, "What are you talking about?"

Rekao je: "Pa baka govori svim unucima da su posebni."

He said, "Oh, Mama tells all the grandkids that they're special."

(smeh)

(Laughter)

I was devastated.

To me je pokosilo.

(smeh)

(Laughter)

Priznaću vam nešto.

And I'm going to admit something to you.

Rećiću vam nešto što verovatno ne bi trebalo.

I'm going to tell you something I probably shouldn't.

Znam da će ovo možda biti puštano širom sveta.

I know this might be broadcast broadly.

Imam 52 godine,

But I'm 52 years old,

i priznaću vam

and I'm going to admit to you

that I've never had a drop of alcohol.

da nikada nisam okusio alkohol.

(Applause)

(aplauz)

I don't say that because I think that's virtuous;

Ne kažem to jer mislim da je to nešto posebno,

I say that because there is power in identity.

kažem jer u tome postoji moć identiteta.

When we create the right kind of identity,

Kada izgradimo pravi tip identiteta,

we can say things to the world around us

možemo poručiti svetu neke stvari

that they don't actually believe make sense.

za koje ne veruju da imaju smisla.

Možemo ih motivisati da urade stvari

We can get them to do things that they don't think they can do.

koje smatraju da ne mogu da urade.

Kada razmislim o baki,

When I thought about my grandmother,

naravno da je mislila da su svi njeni unuci posebni.

of course she would think all her grandkids were special.

Moj deda je bio u zatvoru za vreme prohibicije.

My grandfather was in prison during prohibition.

Moji ujaci su umrli od posledica bolesti alkoholizma.

My male uncles died of alcohol-related diseases.

Ona je smatrala da treba da se identifikujemo sa tim stvarima.

And these were the things she thought we needed to commit to.

Ja sam pokušavao da poručim nešto

Well, I've been trying to say something about our criminal justice system.

o našem sistemu pravde.

Ova zemlja se razlikuje danas

This country is very different today than it was 40 years ago.

u odnosu na zemlju pre 40 godina.

In 1972, there were 300,000 people in jails and prisons.

1972. je bilo 300 000 ljudi u pritvorima i zatvorima.

Danas, taj broj je 2,3 miliona.

Today, there are 2.3 million.

The United States now has the highest rate of incarceration

Najveća stopa pritvora u svetu je danas

u Sjedinjenim Državama.

in the world.

We have seven million people on probation and parole.

Sedam miliona ljudi je na uslovnoj kazni i posmatranju.

And mass incarceration, in my judgment,

Masovno pritvaranje je po meni

has fundamentally changed our world.

promenilo naš svet u osnovi.

U siromašnim zajednicama, nebelačkim populacijama,

In poor communities, in communities of color,

vidi se očaj,

there is this despair,

vlada beznađe,

there is this hopelessness

that is being shaped by these outcomes.

koje je uzrokovano ovim rezultatima.

Jedan od tri crnca

One out of three Black men between the ages of 18 and 30

između 18 i 30 godina je

is in jail, in prison, on probation or parole.

u pritvoru, zatvoru, uslovnoj ili posmatranju.

U urbanim zajednicama širom zemlje,

In urban communities across this country --

u Los Anđelesu, Filadelfiji, Baltimoru, Vašingtonu,

Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington --

50 do 60 odsto mladih nebelaca

50 to 60 percent of all young men of color

su u zatvoru, pritvoru, na uslovnoj ili posmatranju.

are in jail or prison

or on probation or parole.

Naš sistem nije samo oblikovan

Our system isn't just being shaped in these ways

na načine koji izgledaju određeni rasom,

that seem to be distorting around race,

već i siromaštvom.

they're also distorted by poverty.

Sistem pravde u ovoj zemlji se odnosi

We have a system of justice in this country

prema vama mnogo bolje

that treats you much better if you're rich and guilty

ukoliko ste bogati i krivi, nego siromašni i nevini.

than if you're poor and innocent.

Bogatstvo, ne krivica,

Wealth, not culpability, shapes outcomes.

određuje rezultat.

And yet, we seem to be very comfortable.

Ali, čini se da nam je to prirodno.

Politike straha i ljutnje

The politics of fear and anger have made us believe

su učinile da verujemo

that these are problems that are not our problems.

da ovi problemi nisu naši problemi.

We've been disconnected.

Bili smo otuđeni od toga.

Mene to zanima.

It's interesting to me.

We're looking at some very interesting developments in our work.

Svedoci smo veoma zanimljivog razvoja u našem poslu.

Država u kojoj radim, Alabama, kao i mnoge druge,

My state of Alabama, like a number of states,

vam trajno oduzima pravo glasanja

actually permanently disenfranchises you if you have a criminal conviction.

ukoliko ste bili zakonski osuđeni za krivično delo.

U ovom trenutku, u Alabami,

Right now in Alabama,

34 percent of the Black male population has permanently lost the right to vote.

34 odsto muške populacije crnaca

je trajno izgubilo pravo glasanja.

Izračunali smo da će za 10 godiina

We're actually projecting that in another 10 years,

stopa oduzimanja prava na glasanje

the level of disenfranchisement will be as high as it's been

biti onoliko visoka koliko je bila

since prior to the passage of the Voting Rights Act.

pre nego što je usvojen Akt o pravu na glasanje.

A opet, niko ne priča o tome.

And there is this stunning silence.

Ja zastupam decu.

I represent children.

Mnogi moji klijenti su veoma mladi.

A lot of my clients are very young.

The United States is the only country in the world

Jedino se u Sjedinjenim Državama na ovom svetu

trinaestogodišnjaci osuđuju

where we sentence 13-year-old children

da umru u zatvoru.

to die in prison.

We have life imprisonment without parole for kids in this country.

Postoji kazna na doživotnu robiju bez prava na uslovnu slobodu u ovoj državi.

Ustvari, i sprovodimo neka suđenja.

And we're actually doing some litigation.

Jedina zemlja na svetu.

The only country in the world.

Zastupan ljude osuđene na smrtnu kaznu.

I represent people on death row.

It's interesting, this question of the death penalty.

Zanimljivo je pitanje smrtne kazne.

Na mnogo načina su nas učili da mislimo

In many ways, we've been taught to think that the real question is:

da je pravo pitanje:

"Da li ljudi zaslužuju da umru za zločine koje su počinili?"

Do people deserve to die for the crimes they've committed?

And that's a very sensible question.

To pitanje ima smisla.

Ali možemo sagledati i drugi način

But there's another way of thinking about where we are in our identity.

aspekte našeg identiteta.

Drugi način razmišljanja

The other way of thinking about it is not:

ne razmatra da li ljudi zaslužuju da umru zbog počinjenih zločina,

Do people deserve to die for the crimes they commit?,

već da li mi zaslužujemo da ubijemo?

but: Do we deserve to kill?

To je zaista fascinantno.

I mean, it's fascinating.

Smrtna kazna u Americi je okarakterisana greškom.

Death penalty in America is defined by error.

For every nine people who have been executed,

Jedan od devet ljudi koji je osuđen na smrt,

we've actually identified one innocent person

je bio nevin,

bio je oslobođen optužbi i oslobođen smrtne kazne.

who's been exonerated and released from death row.

Neverovatan procenat greške,

A kind of astonishing error rate --

jedan od devet ljudi je nevin.

one out of nine people, innocent.

Zar to nije fascinantno?

I mean, it's fascinating.

Nikada ne bismo dozvolili ljudima da se voze avionom,

In aviation, we would never let people fly on airplanes

if, for every nine planes that took off,

ukoliko bi svaki deveti avion koji poleti

one would crash.

pao.

(Laughter)

But somehow, we can insulate ourselves from this problem.

Ali mi nekako možemo da se ogradimo od ovog problema.

To nije naš problem.

It's not our problem.

It's not our burden.

Nije to naš teret.

It's not our struggle.

Nije to naša borba.

I talk a lot about these issues.

Mnogo pričam o ovim stvarima.

I talk about race

Pričam o rasama i pitanju

and this question of whether we deserve to kill.

da li zaslužujemo da ubijemo.

And it's interesting,

Zanimljivo je da kada studentima predajem afro-američku isotriju,

when I teach my students about African American history,

ja njima pričam o ropstvu.

I tell them about slavery.

Pričam im o terorizmu,

I tell them about terrorism,

period koji je otpočeo nakon Građanskog rata

the era that began at the end of reconstruction

i produžio se do Drugog svetskog rata.

that went on to World War II.

We don't really know very much about it.

Ne znamo ustvari mnogo o tome.

But for African Americans in this country,

Ali za Afro-Amerikance u ovoj zemlji je to bio period

that was an era defined by terror.

obeležen terorom.

Ljudi su u mnogim zajednicama bili linčovani.

In many communities, people had to worry about being lynched.

Brinuli su o bombardovanju.

They had to worry about being bombed.

Pretnja terorom je oblikovala njihove živote.

It was the threat of terror that shaped their lives.

Stariji ljudi mi sada prilaze

And these older people come up to me now and say,

i govore: "G-dine Stivenson, vi predajete, držite govore,

"Mr. Stevenson, you give talks, you make speeches,

kažite ljudima da prestanu da pričaju

you tell people to stop saying we're dealing with terrorism

kako se po prvi put u istoriji ove nacije nosimo sa terorizmom

for the first time in our nation's history after 9/11."

posle 11. septembra."

They tell me to say, "No, tell them that we grew up with that."

Kažu mi da saopštim: "Ne, reci im da smo mi sa tim odrasli."

Period terorizma je naravno

And that era of terrorism, of course, was followed by segregation

praćen raslojavanjem

i decenijama rasnog potčinjavanja

and decades of racial subordination

i aparthejdom.

and apartheid.

A opet, nekako u ovoj zemlji baš

And yet, we have in this country

this dynamic where we really don't like to talk about our problems.

i ne volimo da pričamo o svojim problemima.

Ne volimo da pričamo o našoj istoriji.

We don't like to talk about our history.

And because of that, we really haven't understood

Baš usled toga nismo razumeli

what it's meant to do the things we've done historically.

šta je značilo to što smo kroz istoriju činili.

Sve vreme se vrtimo u krug.

We're constantly running into each other.

Stalno stvaramo napetost i probleme.

We're constantly creating tensions and conflicts.

Nerado prihvatamo priče o rasama,

We have a hard time talking about race,

i verujem da se koren toga nalazi u našoj nespremnosti

and I believe it's because we are unwilling to commit ourselves

to a process of truth and reconciliation.

da prihvatimo istinu i pomirenje.

In South Africa,

U Južnoj Africi su shvatili

people understood that we couldn't overcome apartheid

da ne možemo prevazići aparthejd

bez spremnosti da prihvatimo istinu i pomirenje.

without a commitment to truth and reconciliation.

Čak su i nakon genocida u Ruandi ljudi bili spremni na to,

In Rwanda, even after the genocide, there was this commitment.

ali u ovoj zemlji to nikada nismo učinili.

But in this country, we haven't done that.

Držao sam predavanja u Nemačkoj o smrtnoj kazni.

I was giving some lectures in Germany about the death penalty.

Bio sam oduševljen,

It was fascinating,

jer je jedan od učenika prokomentarisao nakon

because one of the scholars stood up after the presentation

mog predavanja: "Veoma je uznemiravajuće

and said, "Well, you know, it's deeply troubling

to što pričaš."

to hear what you're talking about."

Rekao je: "Mi nemamo smrtnu kaznu u Nemačkoj.

He said, "We don't have the death penalty in Germany,

and of course, we can never have the death penalty in Germany."

I naravno, mi nikada nećemo imati smrtnu kaznu u Nemačkoj."

Svi su zanemeli,

And the room got very quiet,

and this woman said,

a onda je žena rekla:

"There's no way, with our history,

"Nemoguće je, ako sagledamo našu istoriju,

da mi podržimo

we could ever engage in the systematic killing of human beings.

sistemsko ubiljanje ljudi.

To bi bilo nesavesno,

It would be unconscionable for us

da prosto otvorenim i planiranim pristupom

to, in an intentional and deliberate way,

ubijamo ljude."

set about executing people."

Razmislio sam o tome.

And I thought about that.

Kako bi izgledalo

What would it feel like to be living in a world

da živite u svetu

where the nation-state of Germany was executing people,

u kom Nemačka osuđuje ljude na smrt,

especially if they were disproportionately Jewish?

i ako se desi da su osuđeni mahom Jevreji?

Nisam mogao to da podnesem.

I couldn't bear it.

It would be unconscionable.

Bilo je nepojmivo.

And yet, in this country,

A u ovoj državi,

u regionima starog juga,

in the states of the Old South,

mi osuđujemo ljude na smrt,

we execute people --

gde je verovatnoća te presude 11 puta veća

where you're 11 times more likely to get the death penalty

ukoliko je žrtva belac,

if the victim is white than if the victim is Black,

a 22 puta je veća verovatnoća

22 times more likely to get it

ukoliko je osumnjičeni crnac.

if the defendant is Black and the victim is white --

U istim tim državama gde su zakopana u zemlju

in the very states where there are, buried in the ground,

tela linčovanih ljudi.

the bodies of people who were lynched.

A opet, postoji ta otuđenost.

And yet, there is this disconnect.

Verujem da je naš identitet u krizi.

Well, I believe that our identity is at risk,

Čak i kada ne vodimo računa

that when we actually don't care about these difficult things,

o ovim teškim stvarima,

u to su uključene pozitivne

the positive and wonderful things are nonetheless implicated.

i prelepe stvari.

We love innovation.

Obožavamo izume.

We love technology. We love creativity.

I tehnologiju. I kreativnost.

We love entertainment.

Volimo zabavu.

Ali na kraju dana,

But ultimately,

sve to je senka

those realities are shadowed by suffering,

veće patnje,

abuse, degradation,

iskorištavanja, nipodaštavanja,

marginalizacije.

marginalization.

Smatram da je prosto neophodno

And for me, it becomes necessary to integrate the two,

da sve to bude integrisano.

Jer u suštini mi pričamo

because ultimately, we are talking about a need to be more hopeful,

o potrebi da budemo više od pomoći,

posvećeniji, više usredređeni,

more committed, more dedicated

to the basic challenges of living in a complex world.

na osnovne izazove života u ovom složenom svetu.

Za mene to znači da treba

And for me, that means

da provedem vreme razmišljajući o i pričajući sa

spending time thinking and talking about the poor, the disadvantaged,

siromašnima, onima bez prednosti,

those who will never get to TED,

onima koji nikada neće biti na TED-u.

Ali treba i te ljude zamisliti

but thinking about them in a way that is integrated in our own lives.

kao sastavne delove naših života.

Naposletku, svi treba da verujemo u stvari koje nismo videli.

You know, ultimately, we all have to believe things we haven't seen.

We do.

Zaista. Koliko god da smo racionalni i posvećeni intelektu.

As rational as we are, as committed to intellect as we are,

innovation, creativity, development

Izumi, kreativnost,

razvoj nalazi korene

comes not from the ideas in our mind alone.

ne u našem izolovanom umu.

Oni se rađaju iz ideja u našem umu

They come from the ideas in our mind

that are also fueled by some conviction in our heart.

koje su takođe nadahnute

pobudama našeg srca.

And it's that mind-heart connection that I believe compels us

Ja upravo verujem da je

ta veza između srca i uma ono što

nas navodi da obraćamo pažnju

to not just be attentive to all the bright and dazzly things,

ne samo na lepe i očaravajuće stvari,

već i na one mračne i teške.

but also the dark and difficult things.

Vaclav Havel, veliki vođa Čeha, je pričao o tome.

Václav Havel, the great Czech leader, talked about this.

He said, "When we were in Eastern Europe and dealing with oppression,

Rekao je: "Kada smo bili deo istočne Evrope, pod velikim pritiskom,

želeli smo razne stvari,

we wanted all kinds of things.

But mostly what we needed was hope,

ali pre svega želeli smo nadu,

an orientation of the spirit,

usmerenje našeg duha,

a willingness to sometimes be in hopeless places

spremnost da se ponekada nađemo na beznadežnom mestu

i budemo očevici."

and be a witness."

Well, that orientation of the spirit is very much at the core of what I believe

Takvo duhovno usmerenje

je zaista srž onoga što ja smatram da treba

da bude deo i same

even TED communities have to be engaged in.

TED zajednice.

Ne postoji otuđenost

There is no disconnect around technology and design

tehnologije i dizajna

that will allow us to be fully human

koja će nam dozvoliti da budemo zaista ljudi,

dok se ne bavimo isto tako i patnjom,

until we pay attention to suffering,

to poverty, to exclusion, to unfairness, to injustice.

siromaštvom, isključenošću, nepravdom.

Upozoriću vas da je

Now, I will warn you

that this kind of identity is a much more challenging identity

ta vrsta identiteta

mnogo zahtevnija u odnosu na

than ones that don't pay attention to this.

onaj tip koji na to ne obraća pažnju.

Shvatićete to.

It will get to you.

I had the great privilege, when I was a young lawyer,

Kada sam bio mladi advokat, imao sam čast da upoznam Rozu Parks.

of meeting Rosa Parks.

S vremena na vreme g-đa Parks je dolazila u Montgomeri,

And Ms. Parks used to come back to Montgomery every now and then,

kako bi se našla sa svoje dve najbolje prijateljice,

and she would get together with two of her dearest friends,

starije žene,

these older women,

Džoni Kar, koja je organizovala

Johnnie Carr, who was the organizer of the Montgomery bus boycott --

bojkot bus linije Montgomeri

i neverovatne žene afro-američkog porekla,

amazing African American woman --

and Virginia Durr, a white woman,

i Virdžinijom Dur, belkinjom,

whose husband, Clifford Durr, represented Dr. King.

čiji je muž, Kliford Dur, zastupao dr Kinga,

One bi se našle i ćaskale.

And these women would get together and just talk.

And every now and then Ms. Carr would call me,

S vremena na vreme g-đa Kar bi me pozvala

and she'd say, "Bryan, Ms. Parks is coming to town.

i rekla: "Brajane, g-đa Parks dolazi u grad. Naći ćemo se i razgovarati.

We're going to get together and talk. Do you want to come over and listen?"

Da li želiš da nam se pridružiš?"

Ja bih rekao: "Da, naravno."

And I'd say, "Yes, ma'am, I do."

Ona bi rekla: "I šta ćeš raditi kada se nađemo?"

She'd say, "What are you going to do when you get here?"

Ja bih rekao: "Slušaću vas."

I said, "I'm going to listen."

Ja bih im se pridružio i samo bih ih slušao.

And I'd go over there and I would, I'd just listen.

To mi je davalo energiju i motivaciju.

It would be so energizing and so empowering.

Jednom prilikom sam se našao sa njima i slušao njihov razgovor,

And one time I was over there listening to these women talk,

i nakon nekoliko sati, g-đa Parks se okrenula ka meni

and after a couple of hours, Ms. Parks turned to me and said,

i pitala me: "Pa, Brajane, reci mi šta predstavlja 'Pokret jednake pravde'.

"Bryan, tell me what the Equal Justice Initiative is.

Reci mi šta pokušavaš da uradiš."

Tell me what you're trying to do."

Počeo sam sa svojim izveštajem.

And I began giving her my rap.

Rekao sam: "Pa, pokušavamo da se suprotstavimo nepravdi.

"We're trying to challenge injustice.

Pokušavamo da pomognemo onima koji su nepravedno osuđeni.

We're trying to help people who have been wrongly convicted.

Pokušavamo da se nosimo sa predrasudama i diskriminacijom

We're trying to confront bias and discrimination

u sistemu administracije krivičnog prava.

in the administration of criminal justice.

Želimo da se izborimo za ukidanje kazni za decu.

We're trying to end life without parole sentences for children.

Želimo da utičemo na proces smrtne kazne.

We're trying to do something about the death penalty.

Želimo da redukujemo broj ljudi u zatvorima.

We're trying to reduce the prison population.

Želimo da zaustavimo oduzimanje prava na glas."

Kada sam završio sa izveštajem, pogledala me je

We're trying to end mass incarceration."

I gave her my whole rap, and when I finished she looked at me

i rekla: "Hmm, mmm mmm."

and she said, "Mmm mmm mmm.

Rekla je: "Bićeš umoran, umoran, umoran."

That's going to make you tired, tired, tired."

(smeh)

(Laughter)

And that's when Ms. Carr leaned forward, she put her finger in my face,

U tom momentu se g-đa Kar primakla meni, i stavila je prst na moje lice,

i rekla: "I zbog toga treba da budeš hrabar, hrabar, hrabar."

she said, "That's why you've got to be brave, brave, brave."

Ja zaista verujem da bi TED zajednica

And I actually believe that the TED community

needs to be more courageous.

trebalo da bude hrabrija.

Trebalo bi da nađemo načine

We need to find ways to embrace these challenges,

da se nosimo sa ovim izazovima,

problemima, patnjom.

these problems, the suffering.

Jer na kraju dana, naša humanost

Because ultimately, our humanity depends on everyone's humanity.

zavisi od humanosti svih ljudi.

I've learned very simple things doing the work that I do.

Naučio sam jednostavne stvari baveći se ovim radom.

To me je naučilo jednostavnim stvarima.

It's just taught me very simple things.

Shvatio sam i verujem da je

I've come to understand and to believe

svako od nas

that each of us is more than the worst thing we've ever done.

mnogo više od najgore stvari koje je učinio.

I believe that for every person on the planet.

Smatram da je to tačno za sve ljude na ovoj planeti.

Ukoliko neko kaže laž, on nije samo lažov.

I think if somebody tells a lie, they're not just a liar.

Ukoliko neko uzme nešto što mu ne pripada,

I think if somebody takes something that doesn't belong to them,

ta osoba nije samo lopov.

they're not just a thief.

Čak i ako ubijete nekoga, niste samo ubica.

I think even if you kill someone, you're not just a killer.

Usled toga postoji osnovno ljudsko dostojanstvo

And because of that, there's this basic human dignity

koje zakon mora poštovati.

that must be respected by law.

Takođe verujem

I also believe

da u mnogim delovima ove države,

that in many parts of this country,

a sigurno na mnogim mestima na ovoj planeti,

and certainly in many parts of this globe,

that the opposite of poverty is not wealth.

suprotnost siromaštvu nije bogatstvo.

Ne verujem u to.

I don't believe that.

Mislim da je ustvari na mnogim mestima

I actually think, in too many places,

pravda suprotnost siromaštva.

the opposite of poverty is justice.

Na kraju, verujem da

And finally, I believe

bez obzira što je sve to tako dramatično,

that, despite the fact that it is so dramatic and so beautiful

lepo, inspirišuće,

and so inspiring and so stimulating,

pokretačko,

we will ultimately not be judged by our technology,

mi nećemo biti ocenjeni na osnovu naše tehnologije,

niti će nas oceniti po našem dizajnu,

we won't be judged by our design,

we won't be judged by our intellect and reason.

niti po intelektu i rezonovanju.

Ultimately, you judge the character of a society

U krajnjoj liniji, karakter društva se ne ocenjuje

not by how they treat their rich and the powerful and the privileged,

na osnovu odnosa prema bogatima, moćnima i privilegovanima,

već prema tome kako se odnosi prema siromašnima,

but by how they treat the poor,

the condemned,

osuđenima, ljudima u zatvoru.

the incarcerated.

Upravo u tom segmentu

Because it's in that nexus

mi počinjemo da suštinski da shvatamo

that we actually begin to understand truly profound things

ko smo mi.

about who we are.

I sometimes get out of balance.

Nekada izgubim svoj balans. Završiću sa ovom pričom.

I'll end with this story.

Ponekada previše pokušavam.

I sometimes push too hard.

I do get tired, as we all do.

Umorim se, kao i svi mi.

Ponekada ideje trče ispred nas

Sometimes those ideas get ahead of our thinking

na veoma značajan način.

in ways that are important.

Branio sam klince

And I've been representing these kids

koji su osuđeni na vrlo teške kazne.

who have been sentenced to these very harsh sentences.

Odem u zatvor u posetu klijentu kom je 13 ili 14 godina,

And I go to the jail and I see my client, who's 13 and 14,

a određeno je da mu se sudi kao odrasloj osobi.

and he's been certified to stand trial as an adult.

I start thinking, well, how did that happen?

Pomislim: "Kako se to desilo?

Kako sudija može da vas preokrene u

How can a judge turn you into something that you're not?

nešto što niste?"

And the judge has certified him as an adult, but I see this kid.

Sudija ga je obeležio kao odraslu osobu, ali ja radim sa detetom.

And I was up too late one night and I started thinking,

Dugo sam radio jedne noći i počeo sam da razmilšljam,

da ukoliko sudija može da vas preobrati u nešto što niste,

well, if the judge can turn you into something you're not,

sudija sigurno ima magičnu moć.

the judge must have magic power.

Da, Brajane, sudija ima magičnu moć.

Yeah, Bryan, the judge has some magic power.

You should ask for some of that.

Trebalo bi da zamoliš za delić toga.

And because I was up too late and wasn't thinking real straight,

Obzirom da je bilo veoma kasno, nisam baš jasno razmišljao,

počeo sam da radim na predmetu.

I started working on a motion.

Moj klijent je imao 14 godina, mlad, siromašni crnac.

I had a client who was 14 years old, a young, poor Black kid.

Počeo sam da sastavljam zvanični predlog,

And I started working on this motion, and the head of the motion was:

a naslov samog predloga bio je: "Predlog da vodite postupak protiv mog

"Motion to try my poor, 14-year-old Black male client

siromašnog, četrnaestogodišnjeg klijenta, dečaka, crnca

kao da je privilegovani, 75-godišnji

like a privileged, white, 75-year-old corporate executive."

direktor firme."

(Laughter)

(aplauz)

(Applause and cheers)

Napisao sam u svom predlogu

And I put in my motion that there was prosecutorial misconduct

da je u pitanju kršenje propisa u procesu optužbe, a takođe i u miliciji i sudu.

and police misconduct and judicial misconduct.

U jednoj ludoj rečenici sam saopštio kako ne postoji pravda u ovoj zemlji,

There was a crazy line in there

about how there's no conduct in this county, it's all misconduct.

sve je nepravda.

Sledećeg jutra sam se probudio i zapitao sam se da li sam sanjao o tom ludom predlogu,

And the next morning, I woke up and I thought,

ili sam zaista to napisao?

now, did I dream that crazy motion, or did I actually write it?

Užasnut sam shvatio ne samo da sam napisao to,

And to my horror, not only had I written it,

već i da sam poslao to na sud.

but I had sent it to court.

(aplauz)

(Applause)

Prošlo je od tada nekoliko meseci,

A couple months went by,

and I just had forgotten all about it.

i zaboravio sam na sve to.

Na kraju je došao momenat

And I finally decided,

kada je trebalo da odem na sud i suočim se sa tm ludim slučajem.

"Gosh, I've got to go to the court and do this crazy case."

Ušao sam u kola,

And I got in my car, and I was feeling really overwhelmed -- overwhelmed.

i osećao sam se tako iscrpljeno.

Ušao sam u kola i odvezao se do suda.

And I got in my car and went to this courthouse.

Mislio sam da će biti veoma teško i bolno.

And I was thinking, this is going to be so difficult, so painful.

Na posletku sam izašao iz kola i odšetao do zgrade suda.

And I finally got out of the car and started walking up to the courthouse.

Dok sam išao uz stepenice zgrade suda,

And as I was walking up the steps,

primetio sam starijeg čoveka, crnca, koji je tu radio kao čuvar.

there was an older Black man who was the janitor in this courthouse.

Ugledao me je, prišao mi

When this man saw me, he came over and said, "Who are you?"

i pitao: "Ko si ti?"

Rekoh: "Advokat." On reče: "Ti si advokat?" Rekoh: "Da, gospodine."

I said, "I'm a lawyer." He said, "You're a lawyer?" I said, "Yes, sir."

Taj tip mi je prišao

And this man came over to me, and he hugged me.

i zagrlio me.

And he whispered in my ear.

Šapnuo mi je nešto na uvo.

He said, "I'm so proud of you."

Rekao je: "Ponosan sam na tebe."

Priznaću vam,

And I have to tell you, it was energizing.

to mi je dalo podstrek.

It connected deeply with something in me

To je dotaklo zaista nešto duboko u meni,

a tiče se identiteta,

about identity,

about the capacity of every person to contribute to community,

tiče se mogućnosti svake osobe da doprinese zajednici,

da doprinese budućnosti koja uliva nadu.

to a perspective that is hopeful.

Otišao sam u sud.

Well, I went into the courtroom.

Čim sam zakoračio u prostoriju, sudija me je zapazio.

And as soon as I walked in, the judge saw me coming.

Rekao je: "G-dine Stivenson, da li ste vi napisali ovaj ludački predlog?"

He said, "Mr. Stevenson, did you write this crazy motion?"

Rekao sam: "Da, g-dine, jesam." Počeli smo da se raspravljamo.

I said, "Yes, sir. I did." And we started arguing.

Ljudi su ulazili u prostoriju jer su bili van sebe.

And people started coming in,

Napisao sam te potpuno lude stvari.

just outraged I'd written these crazy things.

Ulazili su i milicajci,

And police officers were coming in

i asistenti tužioca i službenici.

and assistant prosecutors and clerk workers.

Pre nego što sam se osvestio, sudnica je bila prepuna ljudi

Before I knew it, the courtroom was filled with people

koji su bili besni jer pričamo o rasi,

angry that we were talking about race,

jer pričamo o siromaštvu,

that we were talking about poverty, talking about inequality.

jer pričamo o nejednakosti.

Krajičkom oka sam zapazio čuvara kako se tu šeta.

And out of the corner of my eye, I could see this janitor pacing back and forth.

Non-stop je gledao kroz prozor, i mogao je da čuje čitavu raspravu.

He kept looking through the window and could hear all the holler.

Nastavio je sa šetnjom.

Na posletku je taj stariji crnac, zabrinutog izraza lica,

And finally, this older Black man with a very worried look on his face

ušao u sudnicu i seo iza mene,

came into the courtroom and sat behind me, almost at counsel table.

skoro za samim stolom sudije.

Ten minutes later, the judge said we'd take a break.

Nakon 10 minuta sudija je oglasio pauzu.

U toku pauze zapazio sam načelnika odeljenja koji je bio uvređen

During the break, there was a deputy sheriff who was offended

što je čuvar došao u sudnicu.

that the janitor had come into court.

Načelnik je skočio sa stolice i dojurio do starijeg crnca.

The deputy jumped up and ran over to this older Black man.

Rekao mu je: "Džimi, šta ti radiš u sudnici?"

He said, "Jimmy, what are you doing in this courtroom?"

Ovaj stariji čovek je ustao

And this older Black man stood up and looked at that deputy

zagledao se u načelnika, pa u mene

and he looked at me,

i rekao: "Došao sam u ovu sudnicu

and he said, "I came into this courtroom to tell this young man,

da poručim ovom mladom čoveku da

ne gubi perspektivu iz vida, da ne odustaje."

'Keep your eyes on the prize, hold on.'"

Došao sam ovde, na TED

I've come to TED

because I believe that many of you understand

jer verujem da mnogi od vas shvataju

da je putanja morala u univerzumu duga,

that the moral arc of the universe is long,

ali naginje ka pravdi.

but it bends toward justice;

Mi ne možemo da budemo u potpunosti ostvarena ljudska bića

that we cannot be full, evolved human beings

dok ne brinemo o ljudskim pravima i dostojanstvu.

until we care about human rights and basic dignity;

that all of our survival is tied to the survival of everyone;

Naš opstanak

je vezan za opstanak svake osobe.

that our visions of technology and design

Naše vizije tehnologije i dizajna

i zabave i kreativnosti

and entertainment and creativity

moraju da budu u sprezi sa vizijama

have to be married with visions of humanity, compassion and justice.

o humanosti, saosećajnosti i pravdi.

A pre svega,

And more than anything, for those of you who share that,

za sve vas koji imaju taj stav,

I've simply come to tell you

ja sam prosto došao da vam kažem

to keep your eyes on the prize, hold on.

da ne gubite perspetkivu iz vida, da ne odustajete.

Mnogo vam hvala.

Thank you very much.

(Applause and cheers)

(aplauz)

Chris Anderson: Brian, so you heard and saw

Kris Anderson: Čuo si i video

an obvious desire by this audience, this community,

zaista očiglednu želju ove publike, zajednice

to help you on your way and to do something on this issue.

da ti pomogne na tvom putu i da pomogne rešavanju ovih problema.

Other than writing a check,

Sem davanja novca,

šta još možemo da uradimo?

what could we do?

BS: Well, there are opportunities all around us.

BS: Pa, mogućnosti su svuda oko nas.

If you live in the state of California, for example,

Ukoliko živite u Kaliforniji, na primer,

ovog proleća će biti raspisan referendum

there's a referendum coming up this spring

koji se bavi pokušajem da se podela novca

where there's going to be an effort to redirect some of the money we spend

koji se tiče naše politike kažnjavanja reorganizuje.

on the politics of punishment.

Na primer, ovde, u Kaliforniji,

For example, here in California,

potrošićemo milijardu dolara

we're going to spend one billion dollars

na smrtnu kaznu u narednih pet godina,

on the death penalty in the next five years --

milijardu dolara.

one billion dollars.

And yet, 46 percent of all homicide cases don't result in arrest,

A opet, 46 procenata ubistava

ne biva rešeno.

56 percent of all rape cases don't result.

56 procenata silovanja je nerešeno.

Postoji mogućnost da se to promeni.

So there's an opportunity to change that.

Na ovom referendumu će biti predloženo da taj novac

And this referendum would propose

having those dollars go to law enforcement and safety.

bude preusmeren na bezbednost i jačanje prava.

Smatram da mogućnosti postoje svuda oko nas.

And I think that opportunity exists all around us.

KA: Zabeležen je ogroman pad

CA: There's been this huge decline in crime in America

stope kirminala u Americi tokom poslednje tri decenije.

over the last three decades.

Deo objašnjenja, ljudi misle, je u tome

And part of the narrative of that

is sometimes that it's about increased incarceration rates.

što je povećana stopa pritvora ljudi.

Šta bi ti rekao nekome ko veruje u to?

What would you say to someone who believed that?

BS: Stopa nasilnih zločina je

BS: Well, actually, the violent crime rate has remained relatively stable.

relativno nepromenjena.

Veliko povećanje stope pritvora u ovoj zemlji

The great increase in mass incarceration in this country

nije zabeležno u grupi nasilnih zločina.

wasn't really in violent crime categories.

Radi se o ovom pogrešno vođenom ratu protiv droga.

It was this misguided war on drugs.

That's where the dramatic increases have come

Usled toga se povećao broj ljudi

in our prison population.

u našim zatvorima.

(Applause)

And we got carried away with the rhetoric of punishment.

A poneli smo se baš tom retorikom o kažnjavanju.

And so we have "Three Strikes" laws

Imamo "zakone treće greške"

that put people in prison forever

putem kojih se doživotno zatvaraju ljudi

for stealing a bicycle, for low-level property crimes,

zbog krađe bicikla, zbog nisko-budžetnih krađa,

rather than making them give those resources back

umesto da ih prosto nateramo da vrate te stvari

to the people who they victimized.

onima koji su žrtve tih pljački.

I believe we need to do more

Mislim da treba da uradimo mnogo više da pomognemo ljudima koji su pogođeni kriminalom,

to help people who are victimized by crime,

a ne manje.

not do less.

Smatram da aktuelna filozofija kažnjavanja

And I think our current punishment philosophy

ne čini dobro nikome.

does nothing for no one.

And I think that's the orientation that we have to change.

Smatram da je to neophodno promeniti.

(aplauz)

(Applause)

KA: Brajane, imaš veliku podršku ovde.

CA: Bryan, you've struck a massive chord here.

Zaista inspiršeš.

You're an inspiring person.

Thank you so much for coming to TED. Thank you.

Hvala ti što si došao na TED. Hvala ti.

(Applause and cheers)

(Aplauz)

BS: Thank you. Thank you.

(Applause and cheers)