Bryan Stevenson: We need to talk about an injustice | TED

1,835,401 views ใƒป 2012-03-05

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Young-ho Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : Woo Hwang
์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ณณ์— ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฐ ์˜๊ด‘์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
Well, this is a really extraordinary honor for me.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ง์—…์ƒํ™œ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ตฌ์น˜์†Œ,
00:19
I spend most of my time in jails, in prisons, on death row.
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๊ต๋„์†Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ˜•์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ๋™์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ 
00:23
I spend most of my time in very low-income communities,
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ํฌ๋ง์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
00:26
in the projects and places where there's a great deal of hopelessness.
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์‹คํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ณณ TED์—์„œ ๋ฐ›์€
00:30
And being here at TED and seeing the stimulation, hearing it,
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์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ž๊ทน์€
00:33
has been very, very energizing to me.
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์ €์˜ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ๋‹์•„ ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
And one of the things that's emerged in my short time here
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ง€๋‚ธ ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋‚€๊ฒƒ์€
00:38
is that TED has an identity.
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TED๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
And you can actually say things here that have impacts around the world.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์€
์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
00:45
And sometimes when it comes through TED, it has meaning and power
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  TED์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š”
๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
00:49
that it doesn't have when it doesn't.
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์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:52
And I mention that because I think identity is really important.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:56
And we've had some fantastic presentations.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
00:59
And I think what we've learned is that, if you're a teacher,
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์Šค์Šน์˜ ๋ง์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:02
your words can be meaningful,
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์˜จ์ •ํ•œ ์Šค์Šน์˜ ๋ง์€
01:03
but if you're a compassionate teacher, they can be especially meaningful.
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์˜๋ฏธ์‹ฌ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:07
If you're a doctor, you can do some good things,
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์นœ์ ˆํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์œ ์ตํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:09
but if you're a caring doctor, you can do some other things.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
So I want to talk about the power of identity.
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์ œ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์€ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ผ ๋˜๋Š”
01:15
And I didn't learn about this actually practicing law
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
and doing the work that I do.
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์› ์ง€์š”.
01:19
I actually learned about this from my grandmother.
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์ €๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„
01:22
I grew up in a house that was the traditional African American home
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ง์€ ์ฆ‰
์ œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ €ํฌ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์–ธ๊ถŒ์ด
01:26
that was dominated by a matriarch,
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01:27
and that matriarch was my grandmother.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ์…จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
์ œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์˜์ง€์™€ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:30
She was tough, she was strong, she was powerful.
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ๋งŽ์œผ์…จ์ฃ .
01:34
She was the end of every argument in our family.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ ์‹ธ์›€์ด ๋‚˜๋ฉด ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
01:37
(Laughter)
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01:38
She was the beginning of a lot of arguments in our family.
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๊ฐ€์กฑ์‹ธ์›€์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ง€์˜€์ฃ .
01:41
(Laughter)
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์ œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ์˜ˆ์˜ ๋”ธ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์€
01:42
She was the daughter of people who were actually enslaved.
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1840๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์…จ์ฃ .
01:45
Her parents were born in slavery in Virginia in the 1840s.
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์ œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” 1880๋…„๋Œ€์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:47
She was born in the 1880s,
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒช์€ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€
01:49
and the experience of slavery
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:51
very much shaped the way she saw the world.
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01:53
And my grandmother was tough, but she was also loving.
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์ œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์…จ์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์ด ๋งŽ์œผ์…จ์ฃ .
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„๋•Œ ์ œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š”
01:56
When I would see her as a little boy,
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์ˆจ์„ ์‰ฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ
01:58
she'd come up to me and give me these hugs.
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์ €๋ฅผ ๊ผญ ์•ˆ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
02:00
And she'd squeeze me so tight I could barely breathe,
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์ €๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:02
and then she'd let me go.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„๋ฉด ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€
02:04
And an hour or two later, if I saw her,
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์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค์…”์„œ "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ปด์•ˆ๋Š”๊ฑธ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋ƒ?"๋ผ๊ณ 
02:06
she'd come over to me and say, "Bryan, do you still feel me hugging you?"
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๋ฌผ์œผ์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ "์•„๋‹ˆ์š”" ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋˜ ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ๊ณ 
02:09
If I said, "No," she'd assault me again,
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"๋„ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ดœ์ฐฌ์•˜์ฃ .
02:11
and if I said, "Yes," she'd leave me alone.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™œ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์„œ
02:13
And she just had this quality that you always wanted to be near her.
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๋‹ค๋“ค ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆํ•œํ…Œ ์ž์‹์ด 10๋ช…์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:17
And the only challenge was that she had 10 children.
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02:19
My mom was the youngest of her 10 kids.
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์ œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ 10๋ช…์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ง‰๋‚ด์˜€์–ด์š”.
02:21
And sometimes when I would go and spend time with her,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์„
๋Œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ž‘ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋†€๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:24
it would be difficult to get her time and attention.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‹ค๋…”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:26
My cousins would be running around everywhere.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 8-9์‚ด ์ •๋„์˜€์„๋•Œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋Š” ์•„์นจ์—
02:28
And I remember, when I was about eight or nine years old,
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋“ค์ด
02:31
waking up one morning, going into the living room,
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๋›ฐ๋ฉฐ ๋…ธ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์‹ค๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์ง€์š”.
02:33
and all of my cousins were running around.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ ๊ฑด๋„ˆํŽธ์—์„œ
02:36
And my grandmother was sitting across the room,
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์ €๋ฅผ ์œ ์‹ฌํžˆ ์ฒ˜๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ์ฃ .
02:38
staring at me.
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์ €๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์—” ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ž‘ ์žฅ๋‚œ์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š”์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ .
02:39
And at first, I thought we were playing a game.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋„ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ  ์›ƒ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:41
And I would look at her, and I'd smile, but she was very serious.
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”.
ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ 15-20๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ
02:45
And after about 15 or 20 minutes of this,
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์ €๋ฅผ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ์˜ค์…”์„œ
02:47
she got up and she came across the room,
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02:49
and she took me by the hand,
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์ œ์†์„ ์žก๊ณ  "๋ธŒ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์•„, ๋„ˆ๋ž‘
02:51
and she said, "Come on, Bryan. You and I are going to have a talk."
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ํ• ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์–ด์ œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ์ƒํžˆ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์ฃ .
02:54
And I remember this just like it happened yesterday.
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02:57
I never will forget it.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žŠ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
She took me out back and said, "Bryan, I'm going to tell you something,
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ "๋ธŒ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์•„
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋„ˆํ•œํ…Œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
03:03
but you don't tell anybody what I tell you."
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ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋ผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” "๋„ค" ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ .
03:05
I said, "OK, Mama."
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋˜ "์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งˆ" ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์…”์„œ ์ „ "์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•ˆํ• ๊ป˜์š”" ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ .
03:06
She said, "Now, you make sure you don't do that."
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03:08
I said, "Sure."
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๊ทธ๋žฌ๋”๋‹ˆ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ์˜†์— ์•‰์•„์„œ
03:09
Then she sat me down and she looked at me,
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์ €๋ฅผ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉฐ "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ 
03:12
and she said, "I want you to know I've been watching you."
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์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‚œ ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์• ๋ผ๊ณ 
03:16
And she said, "I think you're special."
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด" ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ๋ฉฐ "๋„Œ ๋ญ๋“ ์ง€ ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€
03:19
She said, "I think you can do anything you want to do."
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ง์„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žŠ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
03:24
I will never forget it.
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03:26
And then she said, "I just need you to promise me three things, Bryan."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ "๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ 3๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ผญ ์•ฝ์†ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค"
๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์…”์„œ "๋„ค, ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ" ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ .
03:29
I said, "OK, Mama."
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” "๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ๋จผ์ € ์•ฝ์†ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
03:31
She said, "The first thing I want you to promise me
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹ˆ ์—„๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ" ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉฐ
03:33
is that you'll always love your mom."
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"๋„ˆ ์—„๋งˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด ๊ผฌ๋งน์ด ๋”ธ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ
03:35
She said, "That's my baby girl,
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๋„ˆ ์—„๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ•ด๋ผ" ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
03:37
and you have to promise me now you'll always take care of her."
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ "๋„ค, ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”" ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:40
Well, I adored my mom, so I said, "Yes, Mama. I'll do that."
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๊ทธ๋žฌ๋”๋‹ˆ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ "๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ์†ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
03:43
Then she said, "The second thing I want you to promise me
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์–ด๋ ต๋”๋ผ๋„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์˜ณ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค"
03:45
is that you'll always do the right thing,
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๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ข€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„
03:47
even when the right thing is the hard thing."
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ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  "๋„ค, ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊ป˜์š”"ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:50
And I thought about it, and I said, "Yes, Mama. I'll do that."
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๊ทธ๋žฌ๋”๋‹ˆ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ "์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€
03:54
Then finally, she said, "The third thing I want you to promise me
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์•ฝ์†ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ"
03:57
is that you'll never drink alcohol."
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:59
(Laughter)
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์ „ ๊ทธ๋•Œ 9์‚ด์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ "๋„ค, ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์•ˆ๋งˆ์‹ค๊ป˜์š”" ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:01
Well, I was nine years old, so I said, "Yes, Mama. I'll do that."
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์‹œ๊ณจ์—์„œ
04:04
I grew up in the country in the rural South,
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์ž๋ž๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œ์‚ด ์œ„์˜ ํ˜•๊ณผ ํ•œ์‚ด ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:06
and I have a brother a year older than me and a sister a year younger.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 14-15์‚ด ๋์—ˆ์„๋•Œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋Š”
04:09
When I was about 14 or 15,
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04:10
one day, my brother came home and he had this six-pack of beer;
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์ œํ˜•์ด ์–ด๋””์„œ ๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ
6๊ฐœ๋“ค์ด ๋งฅ์ฃผ ํ•œํŒฉ์„ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์™€์„œ
04:14
I don't know where he got it.
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์ €์™€ ์ œ๋™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ง‘ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆฒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์ง€์š”.
04:15
He grabbed me and my sister, and we went out in the woods,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์• ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋‚œ์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:18
and we were just out there doing the stuff we crazily did,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ œ ํ˜•์ด ๋งฅ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ชจ๊ธˆ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ œ ๋™์ƒํ•œํ…Œ ์ค˜์„œ ๋™์ƒ๋„
04:21
and he had a sip of this beer and gave some to my sister
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ํ•œ๋ชจ๊ธˆ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋ณด๊ณ ๋„ ๋จน์œผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:23
and she had some, and they offered it to me.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์•„๋ƒ, ์•„๋ƒ, ํ˜• ๋งˆ์…” ๋‚œ ์•ˆ๋งˆ์‹ค๋ž˜" ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ .
04:25
I said, "No, that's OK. Y'all go ahead. I'm not going to have any."
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๊ทธ๋žฌ๋”๋‹ˆ ํ˜•์ด "๊ฑ ๋งˆ์…”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด๊ฑฐ ๋งˆ์‹œ์ž. ๋„Œ ํ•ญ์ƒ
04:28
My brother said, "Come on. We're doing this today; you always do what we do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ ํ•˜์ž”๋‹ˆ. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค ๋จน์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋„ˆ๋‘ ๋งˆ์…”" ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:32
I had some, your sister had some. Have some beer."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” "์‹ซ์–ด, ๋‚˜ ๋ณ„๋กœ์•ผ. ๋‹ค๋“ค ๊ฑ ๋งˆ์…”. ๋‚œ ์‹ซ์–ด" ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ .
04:34
I said, "No, I don't feel right about that. Y'all go ahead."
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๊ทธ๋žฌ๋”๋‹ˆ ํ˜•์ด ์ ˆ ์œ ์‹ฌํžˆ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๋”๋‹ˆ
"์™ ์ผ์ด๋‹ˆ? ๊ฑ ๋งˆ์…”" ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ .
04:37
And then my brother stared at me and said, "What's wrong with you? Have some beer."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ ˆ ๋šซ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉฐ
04:41
Then he looked at me real hard and said,
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"์•„, ๋„ˆ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆํ•œํ…Œ ํ•œ ๋ง๋•œ์—
04:43
"Oh, I hope you're not still hung up on that conversation Mama had with you."
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์•„์ง๋‘ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:47
(Laughter)
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” "ํ˜•, ๋ฌด์Šจ๋ง ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์•ผ?" ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:48
I said, "What are you talking about?"
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๊ทธ๋žฌ๋”๋‹ˆ ํ˜•์ด "ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ž˜" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:50
He said, "Oh, Mama tells all the grandkids that they're special."
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:53
(Laughter)
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04:55
I was devastated.
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์ €๋Š” ๋•…์ด ๊บผ์ง€๋Š”๋“ฏ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:58
(Laughter)
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜น์‹œ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ›„ํšŒํ•  ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
05:00
And I'm going to admit something to you.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฐฑ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:02
I'm going to tell you something I probably shouldn't.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์†Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํผ์งˆ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
05:04
I know this might be broadcast broadly.
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์ „ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ 52์‚ด์ธ๋ฐ
05:06
But I'm 52 years old,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ ์„ ํ•œ๋ฐฉ์šธ๋„
05:08
and I'm going to admit to you
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05:09
that I've never had a drop of alcohol.
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๋งˆ์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
05:14
I don't say that because I think that's virtuous;
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์ˆ  ์•ˆ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
I say that because there is power in identity.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์€ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:21
When we create the right kind of identity,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ณ์€ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:23
we can say things to the world around us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
05:25
that they don't actually believe make sense.
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์•„์ง ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
05:28
We can get them to do things that they don't think they can do.
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์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
์ œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์†์ž์†๋…€๋“ค์ด
05:32
When I thought about my grandmother,
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ .
05:34
of course she would think all her grandkids were special.
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์ œ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๊ธˆ์ฃผ๋ฒ•์— ๊ฑธ๋ ค ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜์…จ๊ณ 
05:36
My grandfather was in prison during prohibition.
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์ œ ์‚ผ์ดŒ๋“ค์€ ์•Œ์ฝœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์…จ์ฃ .
05:39
My male uncles died of alcohol-related diseases.
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์ œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์•ฝ์†์„ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ๋˜๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:41
And these were the things she thought we needed to commit to.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
05:44
Well, I've been trying to say something about our criminal justice system.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ 40๋…„์ „์˜
05:48
This country is very different today than it was 40 years ago.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ .
05:51
In 1972, there were 300,000 people in jails and prisons.
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1972๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตฌ์น˜์†Œ์™€ ๊ต๋„์†Œ์—๋Š” 30๋งŒ๋ช…์ด
์ˆ˜์šฉ๋ผ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 2๋ฐฑ30๋งŒ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
Today, there are 2.3 million.
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05:59
The United States now has the highest rate of incarceration
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ต๋„์†Œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์œจ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜
์–ด๋Š๋‚˜๋ผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋†’์ง€์š”.
06:02
in the world.
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06:03
We have seven million people on probation and parole.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง‘ํ–‰์œ ์˜ˆ์ž์™€ ๊ฐ€์„๋ฐฉ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 7๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ๋˜์ง€์š”.
06:06
And mass incarceration, in my judgment,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด์™€๊ฐ™์ด ๋†’์€ ํˆฌ์˜ฅ๋ฅ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
06:09
has fundamentally changed our world.
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„๋Š”
06:13
In poor communities, in communities of color,
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์™€ ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข…
06:15
there is this despair,
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์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์— ์ ˆ๋ง๊ณผ
06:17
there is this hopelessness
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06:18
that is being shaped by these outcomes.
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์žํฌ์ž๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์ง€์š”.
18 - 30์„ธ์˜ ํ‘์ธ ๋‚จ์ž์˜ 3๋ถ„์ง€1์€
06:21
One out of three Black men between the ages of 18 and 30
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๊ตฌ์น˜์†Œ๋‚˜ ๊ต๋„์†Œ์— ๊ตฌ๊ฐ๋ผ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:24
is in jail, in prison, on probation or parole.
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๋˜๋Š” ์ง‘ํ–‰์œ ์˜ˆ์ž์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„๋ฐฉ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ „๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์‹œ -- LA, ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„,
06:28
In urban communities across this country --
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๋ฐœํ‹ฐ๋ชจ์–ด, ์›Œ์‹ฑํ†ค์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ Š์€ ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข… ์ฒญ๋…„์˜
06:30
Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington --
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50-60%๋Š” ๊ตฌ์น˜์†Œ๋‚˜ ๊ต๋„์†Œ์— ๊ตฌ๊ฐ๋ผ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:33
50 to 60 percent of all young men of color
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๋˜๋Š” ์ง‘ํ–‰์œ ์˜ˆ์ž์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„๋ฐฉ์ž์ฃ .
06:36
are in jail or prison
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06:37
or on probation or parole.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„๋Š” ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ธ์ข…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
06:39
Our system isn't just being shaped in these ways
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์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด ๋‚  ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋นˆ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋„
06:41
that seem to be distorting around race,
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๊ธฐํ˜•์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
they're also distorted by poverty.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„
06:45
We have a system of justice in this country
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
06:48
that treats you much better if you're rich and guilty
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋Œ€์šฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
than if you're poor and innocent.
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ํ˜•์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์œ ์ฃ„๋ƒ ๋ฌด์ฃ„๋ƒ๊ฐ€
06:53
Wealth, not culpability, shapes outcomes.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๋ƒ ๋นˆ๊ณคํ•˜๋ƒ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์ง€์š”.
06:57
And yet, we seem to be very comfortable.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณตํฌ์™€ ๋ถ„๋…ธ์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•œ ์ •์น˜๋Š”
07:01
The politics of fear and anger have made us believe
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์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€
07:04
that these are problems that are not our problems.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
07:07
We've been disconnected.
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
It's interesting to me.
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07:11
We're looking at some very interesting developments in our work.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์—๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ผ๋ฐ”๋งˆ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
07:14
My state of Alabama, like a number of states,
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
07:16
actually permanently disenfranchises you if you have a criminal conviction.
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ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ์„ ์˜๊ถŒํžˆ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ ์•Œ๋ผ๋ฐ”๋งˆ์ฃผ์˜
07:20
Right now in Alabama,
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07:21
34 percent of the Black male population has permanently lost the right to vote.
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ํ‘์ธ ๋‚จ์ž์˜ 34%๋Š” ์˜์›ํžˆ
ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 10๋…„ ํ›„์—๋Š” ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ์ด ์—†๋Š”
07:26
We're actually projecting that in another 10 years,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฒ•์ด
07:29
the level of disenfranchisement will be as high as it's been
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ํ†ต๊ณผ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๋งŒํผ
07:31
since prior to the passage of the Voting Rights Act.
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๋†’์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ถˆํ‰์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€์š”.
07:34
And there is this stunning silence.
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์ €๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
I represent children.
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์ œ ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
A lot of my clients are very young.
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07:41
The United States is the only country in the world
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13์‚ด ๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์• ๋ฅผ
์ข…์‹ ์ง•์—ญ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š”
07:44
where we sentence 13-year-old children
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:46
to die in prison.
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07:47
We have life imprisonment without parole for kids in this country.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„๋ฐฉ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—†์ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ์• ๋“ค์„ ์ข…์‹ ํ˜•์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฏธ์„ฑ๋…„์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ฒ•์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Š”
07:51
And we're actually doing some litigation.
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๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์ง€์š”.
07:53
The only country in the world.
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌํ˜•์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
I represent people on death row.
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07:56
It's interesting, this question of the death penalty.
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์‚ฌํ˜•์ œ๋„๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์Šˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์•…๋…ํ•œ
07:59
In many ways, we've been taught to think that the real question is:
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํ˜•์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
๋งˆ๋•…ํ•˜๋ƒ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ต์œก๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€์š”.
08:03
Do people deserve to die for the crimes they've committed?
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08:05
And that's a very sensible question.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฌ์ง€์—์„œ
08:08
But there's another way of thinking about where we are in our identity.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž”์ธํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ
์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์‚ฌํ˜•์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋„
08:12
The other way of thinking about it is not:
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์ข‹๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ
08:14
Do people deserve to die for the crimes they commit?,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ์—ฌ๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฌ๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:16
but: Do we deserve to kill?
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์ด๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ์ด์ฃ .
08:19
I mean, it's fascinating.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฌํ˜•์ œ๋„์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
Death penalty in America is defined by error.
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08:22
For every nine people who have been executed,
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์ €ํฌ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ง€๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
08:24
we've actually identified one innocent person
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์‚ฌํ˜•์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์•„ํ™‰๋ช…์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์€ ๋ฌด์ฃ„์ž„์ด
์ž…์ฆ๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌํ˜•์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ๋™์—์„œ ํ’€๋ ค๋‚˜์˜ค์ฃ .
08:27
who's been exonerated and released from death row.
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์‚ฌํ˜•์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ 9๋ช…์ค‘ 1๋ช…์ด ์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š”
08:30
A kind of astonishing error rate --
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์—๋Ÿฌ์œจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
one out of nine people, innocent.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ง‰ํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
I mean, it's fascinating.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 9๋ฒˆ์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ถ”๋ฝํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:38
In aviation, we would never let people fly on airplanes
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08:40
if, for every nine planes that took off,
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์•„๋งˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
08:42
one would crash.
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ํƒ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
(Laughter)
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08:44
But somehow, we can insulate ourselves from this problem.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์™œ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ์•ˆํ•˜์ง€์š”.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
08:48
It's not our problem.
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08:49
It's not our burden.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
08:51
It's not our struggle.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์Ÿํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:53
I talk a lot about these issues.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์Šˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์ฃผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
I talk about race
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„
08:57
and this question of whether we deserve to kill.
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์ฃฝ์—ฌ๋„ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:59
And it's interesting,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์˜
09:00
when I teach my students about African American history,
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅดํ‚ฌ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ๋…ธ์˜ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ,
09:03
I tell them about slavery.
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
09:04
I tell them about terrorism,
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์žฌ๊ฑด์‹œ๋Œ€๋ง ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2์ฐจ๋Œ€์ „๋•Œ ๊นŒ์ง€์˜
09:06
the era that began at the end of reconstruction
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๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•ด ์ฃผ์ฃ .
09:08
that went on to World War II.
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09:09
We don't really know very much about it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
But for African Americans in this country,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
09:13
that was an era defined by terror.
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ณตํฌ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํ‘์ธ๋“ค์€ ํญํ–‰์„ ๋‹นํ• ๊นŒ๋ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
09:16
In many communities, people had to worry about being lynched.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ํญํƒ„์„ ๋˜์งˆ๊นŒ๋ฐ” ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
09:19
They had to worry about being bombed.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘๋ฐ‘์—์„œ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”
09:20
It was the threat of terror that shaped their lives.
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๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ํ‘์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ์™€์„œ
09:23
And these older people come up to me now and say,
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"์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์”จ, 9/11 ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ดํ›„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜
09:25
"Mr. Stevenson, you give talks, you make speeches,
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
09:28
you tell people to stop saying we're dealing with terrorism
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๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ 
09:31
for the first time in our nation's history after 9/11."
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๊ฐ•์—ฐ๋„ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
09:33
They tell me to say, "No, tell them that we grew up with that."
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ €๋ณด๊ณ  "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž๋ž๋‹ค๊ณ 
๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
09:37
And that era of terrorism, of course, was followed by segregation
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ํ‘๋ฐฑ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€
์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ํ‘์ธ์˜ ๋ณต์ข…๊ณผ
09:41
and decades of racial subordination
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜€์ง€์š”.
09:43
and apartheid.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
09:45
And yet, we have in this country
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09:47
this dynamic where we really don't like to talk about our problems.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊บผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฏธํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
09:51
We don't like to talk about our history.
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09:53
And because of that, we really haven't understood
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊บผ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํ•œ
09:56
what it's meant to do the things we've done historically.
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ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์† ์„œ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๊ณ 
10:00
We're constantly running into each other.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ธด์žฅ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
We're constantly creating tensions and conflicts.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ์ข…๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
10:04
We have a hard time talking about race,
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์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™”ํ•ด์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„
10:07
and I believe it's because we are unwilling to commit ourselves
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10:10
to a process of truth and reconciliation.
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๋ฐŸ์•„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊บผ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
In South Africa,
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๋‚จ์•„๊ณต์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ '์ง„์‹ค๊ณผ ํ™”ํ•ด'๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ
10:14
people understood that we couldn't overcome apartheid
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์ด๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ
๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
10:17
without a commitment to truth and reconciliation.
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๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค๋„ ์ข…์กฑํ•™์‚ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ํ›„์— ์ง„์‹ค๊ณผ ํ™”ํ•ด์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„
10:19
In Rwanda, even after the genocide, there was this commitment.
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๋ฐŸ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์•„์ง ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
But in this country, we haven't done that.
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์ €๋Š” ๋…์ผ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํ˜•์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋ช‡๋ฒˆ
10:24
I was giving some lectures in Germany about the death penalty.
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ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„ ์–ด๋–ค
10:27
It was fascinating,
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ํ•™์ž ํ•œ๋ถ„์ด ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
10:29
because one of the scholars stood up after the presentation
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"๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์›Œ์ง€๋Š”
10:32
and said, "Well, you know, it's deeply troubling
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๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
to hear what you're talking about."
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๋…์ผ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌํ˜•์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ 
10:36
He said, "We don't have the death penalty in Germany,
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10:38
and of course, we can never have the death penalty in Germany."
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌํ˜•์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ ๋ง์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€์ž ๋ชจ๋‘ ์กฐ์šฉํ•ด์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:42
And the room got very quiet,
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10:43
and this woman said,
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์–ด๋–ค ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€
10:45
"There's no way, with our history,
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์ด์œ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:49
we could ever engage in the systematic killing of human beings.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํš์ ์ด๊ณ  ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ
10:53
It would be unconscionable for us
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌํ˜•์— ์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:57
to, in an intentional and deliberate way,
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๋น„์–‘์‹ฌ์  ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:59
set about executing people."
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ์—
11:02
And I thought about that.
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๋…์ผ์— ์‚ฌํ˜•์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:04
What would it feel like to be living in a world
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๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ํƒœ์ธ๋“ค์„
11:07
where the nation-state of Germany was executing people,
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๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌํ˜•์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:10
especially if they were disproportionately Jewish?
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์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๋”์ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ
11:13
I couldn't bear it.
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11:14
It would be unconscionable.
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๋น„์–‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
11:16
And yet, in this country,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ
๋‚จ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š”
11:19
in the states of the Old South,
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์‹ค์ง€๋กœ ์‚ฌํ˜•์„ ์ง‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
11:21
we execute people --
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ํฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ‘์ธ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด
11:23
where you're 11 times more likely to get the death penalty
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์‚ฌํ˜•์„ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ค์งˆ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 11๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ,
11:25
if the victim is white than if the victim is Black,
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ํ”ผ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ํ‘์ธ์ด๊ณ  ํฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
11:28
22 times more likely to get it
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์‚ฌํ˜•์„ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ค์งˆ ํ™•์œจ์ด 22๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ,
11:29
if the defendant is Black and the victim is white --
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๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์˜ ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‘์ธ์„
11:32
in the very states where there are, buried in the ground,
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ํญํ–‰ ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋•…์— ๋งค์žฅํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”.
11:34
the bodies of people who were lynched.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์™ธ๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:36
And yet, there is this disconnect.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
Well, I believe that our identity is at risk,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์™€๊ฐ™์ด
11:43
that when we actually don't care about these difficult things,
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณผ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์™ธ๋ฉดํ•˜๋ฉด
๊ธ์ ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ์ผ๋“ค์—๋„
11:49
the positive and wonderful things are nonetheless implicated.
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ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
We love innovation.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:55
We love technology. We love creativity.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ ,
11:58
We love entertainment.
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์—”ํ„ฐํ…Œ์ธ๋จผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ 
12:01
But ultimately,
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์ข‹์€ ์ผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ธ๊ตญ์ ์œผ๋กœ
12:03
those realities are shadowed by suffering,
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๊ดด๋กœ์›€, ์•…์šฉ,
12:07
abuse, degradation,
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ํƒ€๋ฝ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†Œ์™ธ๊ฐ์˜
๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด์ง€์š”.
12:10
marginalization.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
12:12
And for me, it becomes necessary to integrate the two,
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ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜
12:16
because ultimately, we are talking about a need to be more hopeful,
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ํฌ๋ง์ ์ด๊ณ , ๋” ์ „๋…ํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:20
more committed, more dedicated
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12:22
to the basic challenges of living in a complex world.
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๋” ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ TED ๋ชจ์ž„ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ๋Š”
12:26
And for me, that means
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์ฐธ์„ํ•  ์—„๋‘๋„ ๋ชป๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๊ณ 
12:29
spending time thinking and talking about the poor, the disadvantaged,
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๋ถˆ์šฐํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑดํ•˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
12:33
those who will never get to TED,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์œตํ•ฉ๋œ
12:36
but thinking about them in a way that is integrated in our own lives.
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์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
You know, ultimately, we all have to believe things we haven't seen.
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12:43
We do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง€์‹์— ํ—Œ์‹ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
12:45
As rational as we are, as committed to intellect as we are,
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12:47
innovation, creativity, development
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ํ˜์‹ , ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
๋ฐœ์ „์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š”
12:50
comes not from the ideas in our mind alone.
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด์—์„œ๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
์ด๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
12:54
They come from the ideas in our mind
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12:56
that are also fueled by some conviction in our heart.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‹ ๋…์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ถˆํƒ€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜
์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€์š”.
13:00
And it's that mind-heart connection that I believe compels us
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด
ํ•ฉ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ๊ณ  ๋ฒˆ์ฉ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค
๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ํž˜๋“ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„
13:05
to not just be attentive to all the bright and dazzly things,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ
๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
but also the dark and difficult things.
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์ฒด์ฝ”์Šฌ๋กœ๋ฐ”ํ‚ค์•„์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋”์ธ ๋ฐ”์ธจ๋ผํ”„ ํ•˜๋ฒจ์€
13:13
Vรกclav Havel, the great Czech leader, talked about this.
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13:15
He said, "When we were in Eastern Europe and dealing with oppression,
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ•˜์—์„œ ์••๋ฐ•์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
13:19
we wanted all kinds of things.
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13:20
But mostly what we needed was hope,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์›ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
13:22
an orientation of the spirit,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
13:24
a willingness to sometimes be in hopeless places
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์˜ณ์€ ์ผ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ข…์ข… ํฌ๋ง์ด ์—†์–ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
์ฆ์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํฌ๋ง์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
13:27
and be a witness."
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13:28
Well, that orientation of the spirit is very much at the core of what I believe
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์ €๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํฌ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ
TED ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํฌ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
13:34
even TED communities have to be engaged in.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€์™€ ๋””์ž์ธ์„
13:38
There is no disconnect around technology and design
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๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
13:42
that will allow us to be fully human
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋นˆ๊ณค, ๋ฐฐ์ œ,
๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰, ๋ถ€์ •์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
13:45
until we pay attention to suffering,
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13:47
to poverty, to exclusion, to unfairness, to injustice.
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์ถฉ์กฑํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
13:51
Now, I will warn you
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13:52
that this kind of identity is a much more challenging identity
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์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ์—
๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋”
13:57
than ones that don't pay attention to this.
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์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์‰ฌ์šด์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€์š”.
14:00
It will get to you.
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14:01
I had the great privilege, when I was a young lawyer,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ Š์€ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜€์„๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ๋กœ์‚ฌ ํŒŒํฌ์—ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” (์—ญ: ๋ฒ„์Šค์ขŒ์„์–‘๋ณด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด)
14:04
of meeting Rosa Parks.
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ํฐ ์˜๊ด‘์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์—ˆ์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋” ๋ชฝ๊ณ ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„ ์™€์„œ
14:05
And Ms. Parks used to come back to Montgomery every now and then,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
14:08
and she would get together with two of her dearest friends,
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๊ทธ์ค‘์—๋Š” ๋ชฝ๊ณ ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์‹œ ๋ฒ„์Šค ๋ณด์ด์ฝ”ํŠธ
14:11
these older women,
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์šด๋™์„ ์กฐ์งํ–ˆ๋˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ธ
14:12
Johnnie Carr, who was the organizer of the Montgomery bus boycott --
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์กฐ๋‹ˆ ์นด ์—ฌ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์ธ ๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋”
์—ฌ์‚ฌ์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
14:16
amazing African American woman --
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14:17
and Virginia Durr, a white woman,
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๋งˆํ‹ด ๋ฃจํ„ฐ ํ‚น์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธํ–ˆ๋˜
14:19
whose husband, Clifford Durr, represented Dr. King.
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ํด๋ฆฌํฌ๋“œ ๋”์˜ ๋ถ€์ธ์ด ์—ˆ์ฃ .
์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ• ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€๋” ์นด ์—ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
14:22
And these women would get together and just talk.
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14:24
And every now and then Ms. Carr would call me,
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์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„œ
14:26
and she'd say, "Bryan, Ms. Parks is coming to town.
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"ํŒŒํฌ ์—ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์…”์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ• ํ…๋ฐ
14:29
We're going to get together and talk. Do you want to come over and listen?"
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์™€์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„๋ž˜์š”?"
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” "๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค' ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ฃ .
14:32
And I'd say, "Yes, ma'am, I do."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ "์—ฌ๊ธฐ์™€์„œ ๋ญํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ ? ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๊ณ 
14:34
She'd say, "What are you going to do when you get here?"
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์ €๋Š” "๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋“ฃ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์ฃ .
14:37
I said, "I'm going to listen."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
14:38
And I'd go over there and I would, I'd just listen.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์™€ ํž˜์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:40
It would be so energizing and so empowering.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์„ธ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•ฝ ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„
14:43
And one time I was over there listening to these women talk,
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๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํŒŒํฌ ์—ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ
14:45
and after a couple of hours, Ms. Parks turned to me and said,
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"ํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ์ •์˜ ์ด๋‹ˆ์…”ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”
14:48
"Bryan, tell me what the Equal Justice Initiative is.
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์ผ์ด ๋ญ”์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
14:51
Tell me what you're trying to do."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•ด์„œ
14:52
And I began giving her my rap.
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์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ , ์ฃ„์—†์ด ์œ ์ฃ„ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€
14:54
"We're trying to challenge injustice.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋„์šฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ
14:56
We're trying to help people who have been wrongly convicted.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด
14:59
We're trying to confront bias and discrimination
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ํŽธ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„๋Œ€์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ
15:01
in the administration of criminal justice.
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์„๋ฐฉ ์—†๋Š” ์ข…์‹ ์ง•์—ญํ˜•์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€
15:03
We're trying to end life without parole sentences for children.
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๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌํ˜•์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœํ˜ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
15:06
We're trying to do something about the death penalty.
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๊ตฌ๊ฐ์‹œ์„ค ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ
15:08
We're trying to reduce the prison population.
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ํˆฌ์˜ฅ์„ ๋ง‰์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ์ œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์—ญ์„คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค ํ„ธ์–ด ๋†“์€ ํ›„ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ €๋ฅผ ์ณ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉฐ
15:11
We're trying to end mass incarceration."
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15:12
I gave her my whole rap, and when I finished she looked at me
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"์—๊ตฌ, ์—๊ตฌ, ์—๊ตฌ" ํ•˜์‹œ๋”๋‹ˆ "๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋‹น์‹ ์„
15:15
and she said, "Mmm mmm mmm.
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ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๊ณ  ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๊ณ  ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ์š”" ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
15:17
That's going to make you tired, tired, tired."
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
15:19
(Laughter)
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15:20
And that's when Ms. Carr leaned forward, she put her finger in my face,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์นด ์—ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉฐ
"๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์šฉ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฉ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฉ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
15:24
she said, "That's why you've got to be brave, brave, brave."
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค TED ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€
15:29
And I actually believe that the TED community
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15:31
needs to be more courageous.
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๋” ์šฉ๊ฐํ•ด ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„
15:34
We need to find ways to embrace these challenges,
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
์ฐพ์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:38
these problems, the suffering.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š”
15:40
Because ultimately, our humanity depends on everyone's humanity.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
15:44
I've learned very simple things doing the work that I do.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์ง€์š”.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ผœ ์คฌ์ง€์š”.
15:47
It's just taught me very simple things.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š”
15:49
I've come to understand and to believe
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚˜์œ ์ง“ ๋ณด๋‹ค
15:52
that each of us is more than the worst thing we've ever done.
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๋” ๋‚ณ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ฒŒ ๋์ง€์š”.
15:55
I believe that for every person on the planet.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด
15:59
I think if somebody tells a lie, they're not just a liar.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
16:02
I think if somebody takes something that doesn't belong to them,
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ ํ›”์น˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋„๋‘‘์งˆ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
16:05
they're not just a thief.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ์‚ด์ธ์ž๋„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‚ด์ธ๋งŒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
16:06
I think even if you kill someone, you're not just a killer.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฒ•์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ
16:09
And because of that, there's this basic human dignity
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์กด์—„์„ฑ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
that must be respected by law.
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์ €๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜
16:14
I also believe
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜
16:16
that in many parts of this country,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋นˆ๊ณค์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์–ด๋Š”
16:18
and certainly in many parts of this globe,
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16:21
that the opposite of poverty is not wealth.
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๋ถ€(ๅฏŒ)๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:25
I don't believe that.
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
16:26
I actually think, in too many places,
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๋นˆ๊ณค์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋Š” ์ •์˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
the opposite of poverty is justice.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜
16:32
And finally, I believe
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๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๋””์ž์ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์„ฑ๊ณผ
16:35
that, despite the fact that it is so dramatic and so beautiful
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์ด์„ฑ์ด ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆํ‹ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ ,
16:38
and so inspiring and so stimulating,
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๊ณ ๋ฌด์ ์ด๊ณ , ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋‹๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ 
16:41
we will ultimately not be judged by our technology,
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ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜
๋””์ž์ธ์ด๋‚˜, ์ง€์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜, ์ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ
16:45
we won't be judged by our design,
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16:47
we won't be judged by our intellect and reason.
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ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:50
Ultimately, you judge the character of a society
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,ํŠน๊ถŒ์ธต์„
16:53
not by how they treat their rich and the powerful and the privileged,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๊ณ ,
์œ ์ฃ„ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ , ๊ตฌ๊ธˆ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
16:57
but by how they treat the poor,
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16:58
the condemned,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
the incarcerated.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
17:01
Because it's in that nexus
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ
17:03
that we actually begin to understand truly profound things
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ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:06
about who we are.
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17:09
I sometimes get out of balance.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋” ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
17:11
I'll end with this story.
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์ œ ์ผํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:12
I sometimes push too hard.
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17:13
I do get tired, as we all do.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ €๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ• ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด ์ œ ํŒ๋‹จ๋ ฅ์„
17:16
Sometimes those ideas get ahead of our thinking
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์•ž์„œ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
17:19
in ways that are important.
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์ €๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜น๋…ํ•œ ํ˜•์„ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์€
17:21
And I've been representing these kids
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์• ๋“ค์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
who have been sentenced to these very harsh sentences.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ธˆ์†Œ์—์„œ ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ผ๋Š”
17:25
And I go to the jail and I see my client, who's 13 and 14,
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ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ 13 - 14์‚ด๋˜๋Š” ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:28
and he's been certified to stand trial as an adult.
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17:30
I start thinking, well, how did that happen?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ
17:33
How can a judge turn you into something that you're not?
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๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
17:36
And the judge has certified him as an adult, but I see this kid.
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์žฌํŒ๊ด€์€ ๊ทธ ์• ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๊ฒฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ œ ๋ˆˆ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์• ์˜€์ฃ .
17:39
And I was up too late one night and I started thinking,
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋Š๋‚  ๋ฐค๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€์š”...
์ด ํŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์• ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ฅธ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ
17:42
well, if the judge can turn you into something you're not,
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๊ทธ ํŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ˆ ์˜ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ตฌ๋‚˜...
17:45
the judge must have magic power.
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๊ทธ ์žฌํŒ๊ด€์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋งˆ์ˆ ์˜ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์œผ๋‹ˆ
17:46
Yeah, Bryan, the judge has some magic power.
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17:48
You should ask for some of that.
406
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๋‚˜๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ข€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
17:50
And because I was up too late and wasn't thinking real straight,
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์ €๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ช…๋ น์‹ ์ฒญ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
17:53
I started working on a motion.
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์ œ ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ๋Š” 14์‚ด๋œ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ํ‘์ธ ์• ์˜€์ฃ .
17:55
I had a client who was 14 years old, a young, poor Black kid.
409
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ๋ช…๋ น์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ์˜
17:58
And I started working on this motion, and the head of the motion was:
410
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๋งจ ์œ—์ค„์— ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ป์ง€์š”: "๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ
18:01
"Motion to try my poor, 14-year-old Black male client
411
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14์„ธ์˜ ์ด ํ‘์ธ ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ํŠน๊ถŒ์ธต์— ์žˆ๋Š”
75์„ธ์˜ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—… ์ž„์›์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
18:04
like a privileged, white, 75-year-old corporate executive."
412
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์žฌํŒํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค".
18:07
(Laughter)
413
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
18:08
(Applause and cheers)
414
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ œ ๋ช…๋ น์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ์—
18:13
And I put in my motion that there was prosecutorial misconduct
415
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๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์—ดํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
18:16
and police misconduct and judicial misconduct.
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๋น„ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„์— ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ
18:18
There was a crazy line in there
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18:19
about how there's no conduct in this county, it's all misconduct.
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ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ์—†๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ๋‚  ์•„์นจ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊ฟจ๋Š”์ง€ ์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ๋ฅผ
18:22
And the next morning, I woke up and I thought,
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์ผ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๋”๋“ฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ธ€์„
18:25
now, did I dream that crazy motion, or did I actually write it?
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์ผ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ค์ง€๋กœ ๋ฒ•์ •์œผ๋กœ
18:28
And to my horror, not only had I written it,
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๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ๊ณ  ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ž์—ˆ์ฃ .
18:30
but I had sent it to court.
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
18:31
(Applause)
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๋‘์–ด๋‹ฌ์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„
18:34
A couple months went by,
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18:36
and I just had forgotten all about it.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๊นŒ๋งˆ๋“ํžˆ
์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋…„์„
18:39
And I finally decided,
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๋ณ€ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒ•์ •์— ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋์ง€์š”.
18:41
"Gosh, I've got to go to the court and do this crazy case."
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์žฌํŒ์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ 
18:43
And I got in my car, and I was feeling really overwhelmed -- overwhelmed.
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๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
์••๋„์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
18:47
And I got in my car and went to this courthouse.
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์ฐจ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ ค์„œ ๋ฒ•์ •์œผ๋กœ
18:49
And I was thinking, this is going to be so difficult, so painful.
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๊ฑธ์–ด ๊ฐ”์ง€์š”.
18:52
And I finally got out of the car and started walking up to the courthouse.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•์ •์•ž์˜ ๊ณ„๋‹จ์„
18:56
And as I was walking up the steps,
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์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ถ€ ์•„์ €์”จ๊ฐ€
18:57
there was an older Black man who was the janitor in this courthouse.
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
19:01
When this man saw me, he came over and said, "Who are you?"
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์ €๋Š” "๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋”๋‹ˆ
"๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์—์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์–ด์„œ "๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์ฃ .
19:04
I said, "I'm a lawyer." He said, "You're a lawyer?" I said, "Yes, sir."
435
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๊ทธ๋žฌ๋”๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™€์„œ
19:07
And this man came over to me, and he hugged me.
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์ €๋ฅผ ๊ปด์•ˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
19:10
And he whispered in my ear.
437
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉฐ ์ œ ๊ท“์†์—
19:12
He said, "I'm so proud of you."
438
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"์•„์ฃผ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋„ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ 
19:15
And I have to tell you, it was energizing.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์šด์ด ์†Ÿ์•˜์–ด์š”.
19:18
It connected deeply with something in me
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ง์€ ์ œ ๋งˆ์Œ์† ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ,
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ
19:21
about identity,
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19:22
about the capacity of every person to contribute to community,
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ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ž๋‚ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
ํฌ๋ง์„ ๊นŠ์€ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผฐ์ง€์š”.
19:26
to a perspective that is hopeful.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ž ๋งˆ์ž
19:28
Well, I went into the courtroom.
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์žฌํŒ๊ด€์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  "์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์Šจ์”จ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
19:30
And as soon as I walked in, the judge saw me coming.
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์ด ์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ๋ช…๋ น์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
19:32
He said, "Mr. Stevenson, did you write this crazy motion?"
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” "๋„ค, ํŒ์‚ฌ๋‹˜"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ต์„ ํ•œํ›„
19:35
I said, "Yes, sir. I did." And we started arguing.
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์ž…์‹ธ์›€์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—‰๋šฑํ•œ
19:38
And people started coming in,
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์‹ ์ฒญ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชฐ๋ ค๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
19:39
just outraged I'd written these crazy things.
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋ถ€๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
19:41
And police officers were coming in
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์‚ฌ๋ฌด์ง์›๋“ค๋„ ๋ฒ•์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์™”์ง€์š”.
19:43
and assistant prosecutors and clerk workers.
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๊ณง ๋ฒ•์ •์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฝ‰ ์ฐผ๋Š”๋ฐ
19:45
Before I knew it, the courtroom was filled with people
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ข…, ๋นˆ๊ณค,
19:48
angry that we were talking about race,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
19:49
that we were talking about poverty, talking about inequality.
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ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
์ €๋Š” ์˜†๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ ์•„์ €์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์™”๋‹ค ๊ฐ”๋‹ค ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
19:53
And out of the corner of my eye, I could see this janitor pacing back and forth.
455
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์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ•์ •์•ˆ์„ ๋“œ๋ ค๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ดค๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
19:57
He kept looking through the window and could hear all the holler.
456
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๊ณ ํ•จ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณ„์† ์™”๋‹ค ๊ฐ”๋‹ค ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฑฑ์ •๋œ ํ‘œ์ •์„ ๋„๊ณ 
20:00
And finally, this older Black man with a very worried look on his face
457
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๋ฒ•์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์™€์„œ ์ œ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์šฉ
20:03
came into the courtroom and sat behind me, almost at counsel table.
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ํƒ์ž ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์•‰์•˜์ง€์š”.
20:07
Ten minutes later, the judge said we'd take a break.
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์•ฝ 10๋ถ„ํ›„์— ์žฌํŒ๊ด€์ด ํœด์‹์„ ํ•˜์ž๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
ํœด์‹์ค‘์— ๋ณด์•ˆ๊ด€๋Œ€๋ฆฌ ํ•œ๋ช…์ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ ์•„์ €์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•์ •์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ
20:10
During the break, there was a deputy sheriff who was offended
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๋“ค์–ด์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„๋‚˜์˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
20:13
that the janitor had come into court.
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ ์•„์ €์”จ์—๊ฒŒ ๋›ฐ์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ
20:15
The deputy jumped up and ran over to this older Black man.
462
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"์ง€๋ฏธ์”จ, ๋ฒ•์ •์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ญ˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”?"ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋”ฐ์กŒ์ฃ .
20:17
He said, "Jimmy, what are you doing in this courtroom?"
463
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๊ทธ ํ‘์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ์€ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
20:20
And this older Black man stood up and looked at that deputy
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๊ทธ ๋ณด์•ˆ๊ด€๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉฐ
20:23
and he looked at me,
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"๋‚œ ์ด ์ Š์€ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด
20:24
and he said, "I came into this courtroom to tell this young man,
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๋˜‘๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ 
๋ฒ•์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์™”๋‹ค" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
20:29
'Keep your eyes on the prize, hold on.'"
467
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์ œ๊ฐ€ TED์— ์˜จ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
20:32
I've come to TED
468
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20:33
because I believe that many of you understand
469
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์ด๊ณณ์— ๊ณ„์‹  ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋„๋•์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€
๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
20:36
that the moral arc of the universe is long,
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๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฉฐ,
20:38
but it bends toward justice;
471
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์ธ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ทผ์—„์„ฑ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜์ง€
20:40
that we cannot be full, evolved human beings
472
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์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ฉฐ,
20:43
until we care about human rights and basic dignity;
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20:45
that all of our survival is tied to the survival of everyone;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜
์ƒ์กด์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
20:49
that our visions of technology and design
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๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๋””์ž์ธ, ์—”ํ„ฐํ…Œ์ธ๋จผํŠธ,
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜
20:52
and entertainment and creativity
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๋น„์ ผ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์• , ์—ฐ๋ฏผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์˜์‹ฌ์˜
20:54
have to be married with visions of humanity, compassion and justice.
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๋น„์ ผ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š”
20:59
And more than anything, for those of you who share that,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ '๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋˜‘๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ผ'๋Š”
21:02
I've simply come to tell you
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๋ง์„ ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆด๋ ค๊ณ 
21:04
to keep your eyes on the prize, hold on.
480
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:07
Thank you very much.
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21:08
(Applause and cheers)
482
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
21:28
Chris Anderson: Brian, so you heard and saw
483
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๊ด€์ค‘ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ํ…Œ๋“œ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€
21:31
an obvious desire by this audience, this community,
484
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์”จ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋•๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ด์Šˆ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
21:34
to help you on your way and to do something on this issue.
485
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:37
Other than writing a check,
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์”จ์˜ ์ผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
์ด์™ธ์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
21:40
what could we do?
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21:42
BS: Well, there are opportunities all around us.
488
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2251
BS: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ์œ„์—๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋“ ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:44
If you live in the state of California, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์นผ๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์ฃผ์—๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ด„์—
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์  ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์ œ๋„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
21:47
there's a referendum coming up this spring
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์ผ๋ถ€์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ
21:49
where there's going to be an effort to redirect some of the money we spend
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฏผํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:53
on the politics of punishment.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์ด๊ณณ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
21:54
For example, here in California,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํ˜•์ œ๋„์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ
21:56
we're going to spend one billion dollars
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2220
5๋…„๊ฐ„ 10์–ต๋ถˆ(์•ฝ 1์กฐ2์ฒœ์–ต์›)์„ ์“ธ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
21:58
on the death penalty in the next five years --
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10์–ต๋ถˆ์„ ์š”...
22:00
one billion dollars.
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1966
22:02
And yet, 46 percent of all homicide cases don't result in arrest,
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4357
ํ•œํŽธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ด์ธ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ 46%๋Š”
๋ฒ”์ธ์„ ์ฒดํฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
22:06
56 percent of all rape cases don't result.
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๊ฐ•๊ฐ„๋ฒ”์ฃ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” 56%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๊ณ ์น  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
22:09
So there's an opportunity to change that.
499
1329010
1976
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ง‘ํ–‰๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜
22:11
And this referendum would propose
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1585
22:12
having those dollars go to law enforcement and safety.
501
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3466
์•ˆ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋“ ์ง€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:16
And I think that opportunity exists all around us.
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2342
CA: ์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜
22:18
CA: There's been this huge decline in crime in America
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1338475
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„์œจ์ด ๋Œ€ํญ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
22:22
over the last three decades.
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1336
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ธˆ์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋๊ธฐ
22:23
And part of the narrative of that
505
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1980
22:25
is sometimes that it's about increased incarceration rates.
506
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4037
๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ก ์ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ์ง€์š”?
22:29
What would you say to someone who believed that?
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2244
BS: ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฐ•๋ ฅ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์œจ์€ ๋น„๊ต์ 
22:31
BS: Well, actually, the violent crime rate has remained relatively stable.
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3487
๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ธˆ์œจ์ด ๋Œ€ํญ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
22:35
The great increase in mass incarceration in this country
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฐ•๋ ฅ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ
22:37
wasn't really in violent crime categories.
510
1357968
2036
ํŒ๋‹จ์— ์˜ํ•œ '๋งˆ์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์Ÿ' ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
22:40
It was this misguided war on drugs.
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22:41
That's where the dramatic increases have come
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2112
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ธˆ์†Œ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ
22:43
in our prison population.
513
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1424
์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:45
(Applause)
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1500
22:46
And we got carried away with the rhetoric of punishment.
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2977
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์•ฝ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ—ˆ์–ธ์žฅ๋‹ด์—๋งŒ ์—ด์ค‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ฃ .
22:49
And so we have "Three Strikes" laws
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1682
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 3๋ฒˆ ๋ฒ”๋ฒ•ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด
22:51
that put people in prison forever
517
1371630
1977
์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ›”์น˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ•œ
22:53
for stealing a bicycle, for low-level property crimes,
518
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2546
์žฌ์‚ฐ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ํ›”์นœ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„
22:56
rather than making them give those resources back
519
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2468
๋Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
22:58
to the people who they victimized.
520
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1725
์ข…์‹ ํ˜•์„ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:00
I believe we need to do more
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์˜ ํฌ์ƒ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋” ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€ ์ฃผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
23:01
to help people who are victimized by crime,
522
1381865
2004
๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋„์™€ ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:03
not do less.
523
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1151
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜•๋ฒŒ์ œ๋„๋กœ ๋•์„ ๋ณด๋Š”
23:05
And I think our current punishment philosophy
524
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2325
์ข‹์€ ์ ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:07
does nothing for no one.
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23:08
And I think that's the orientation that we have to change.
526
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2821
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜•๋ฒŒ์ œ๋„ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
23:11
(Applause)
527
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1506
CA: ๋ธŒ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์”จ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์ด์‹œ๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
23:13
CA: Bryan, you've struck a massive chord here.
528
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๋ณธ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํฐ ๊ฐ๋™์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:16
You're an inspiring person.
529
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1421
23:17
Thank you so much for coming to TED. Thank you.
530
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2210
์˜ค๋Š˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์„œ TED๋กœ ์˜ค์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:19
(Applause and cheers)
531
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
23:29
BS: Thank you. Thank you.
532
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1739
23:31
(Applause and cheers)
533
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3674
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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