Bryan Stevenson: We need to talk about an injustice | TED

1,857,082 views ใƒป 2012-03-05

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yael BST ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™.
00:16
Well, this is a really extraordinary honor for me.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื ื™ ื ืžืฆื
00:19
I spend most of my time in jails, in prisons, on death row.
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ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื›ืœื, ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืžืืกืจ, ื‘ืื’ืคื™ ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื•ื•ืช.
00:23
I spend most of my time in very low-income communities,
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ืจื•ื‘ ื–ืžื ื™ ืื ื™ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžืื•ื“ ื ืžื•ื›ื”
00:26
in the projects and places where there's a great deal of hopelessness.
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ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘- TED
00:30
And being here at TED and seeing the stimulation, hearing it,
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืžืจืฆื”, ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื–ื”,
00:33
has been very, very energizing to me.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™.
00:35
And one of the things that's emerged in my short time here
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื• ื‘ืฉื”ื•ืชื™ ื”ืงืฆืจื” ื›ืืŸ
00:38
is that TED has an identity.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ- TED ื™ืฉื ื” ื–ื”ื•ืช.
00:41
And you can actually say things here that have impacts around the world.
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ื•ืืชื” ืžืžืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
00:45
And sometimes when it comes through TED, it has meaning and power
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ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ื“ืจืš TED,
ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ื—
00:49
that it doesn't have when it doesn't.
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื–ื” ื›ืฉื–ื” ืœื.
00:52
And I mention that because I think identity is really important.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ื ืคืœืื•ืช.
00:56
And we've had some fantastic presentations.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื–ื”,
00:59
And I think what we've learned is that, if you're a teacher,
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ืฉืื ืืชื” ืžื•ืจื” ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช,
01:02
your words can be meaningful,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื” ืžื•ืจื” ืจื—ื•ื,
01:03
but if you're a compassionate teacher, they can be especially meaningful.
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ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืคื, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
01:07
If you're a doctor, you can do some good things,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืคื ืื›ืคืชื™ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
01:09
but if you're a caring doctor, you can do some other things.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช.
01:12
So I want to talk about the power of identity.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”
01:15
And I didn't learn about this actually practicing law
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื›ืขื•"ื“ ื•ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื™.
01:18
and doing the work that I do.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžืกื‘ืชื™.
01:19
I actually learned about this from my grandmother.
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ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
01:22
I grew up in a house that was the traditional African American home
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืืคืจื™ืงืื™-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™
ืฉื ืฉืœื˜ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ืช,
01:26
that was dominated by a matriarch,
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01:27
and that matriarch was my grandmother.
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ื•ื”ืื ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืกื‘ืชื™.
ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืงืฉื•ื—ื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื–ืงื”,
01:30
She was tough, she was strong, she was powerful.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืœืืช ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
01:34
She was the end of every argument in our family.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™.
01:37
(Laughter)
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01:38
She was the beginning of a lot of arguments in our family.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
01:41
(Laughter)
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื.
01:42
She was the daughter of people who were actually enslaved.
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ื”ื•ืจื™ื” ื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื™ืจื’'ื™ื ื™ื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 1840.
01:45
Her parents were born in slavery in Virginia in the 1840s.
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ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 1880
01:47
She was born in the 1880s,
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช
01:49
and the experience of slavery
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ืขื™ืฆื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:51
very much shaped the way she saw the world.
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01:53
And my grandmother was tough, but she was also loving.
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ื•ืกื‘ืชื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืžื ื ืงืฉื•ื—ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช.
ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื” ื›ื™ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ,
01:56
When I would see her as a little boy,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื™ื’ืฉืช ืืœื™ื™ ื•ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
01:58
she'd come up to me and give me these hugs.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืขื›ืช ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื—ื–ืง ืฉื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื ืฉื•ื
02:00
And she'd squeeze me so tight I could barely breathe,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช ืื•ืชื™.
02:02
and then she'd let me go.
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ื•ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืขื” ืื• ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื, ืื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื”,
02:04
And an hour or two later, if I saw her,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื™ื’ืฉืช ืืœื™ื™ ื•ืื•ืžืจืช: "ื‘ืจื™ืืŸ, ืืชื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื™ ืžื—ื‘ืงืช ืื•ืชืš?"
02:06
she'd come over to me and say, "Bryan, do you still feel me hugging you?"
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ื•ืื ืืžืจืชื™: "ืœื", ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืชื•ืงืคืช ืฉื•ื‘,
02:09
If I said, "No," she'd assault me again,
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ื•ืื ืืžืจืชื™: "ื›ืŸ", ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืœื™.
02:11
and if I said, "Yes," she'd leave me alone.
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื›ื–ื•
02:13
And she just had this quality that you always wanted to be near her.
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ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืจืฆื™ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื”.
ื•ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื” 10 ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
02:17
And the only challenge was that she had 10 children.
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02:19
My mom was the youngest of her 10 kids.
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ืืžื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ 10 ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
02:21
And sometimes when I would go and spend time with her,
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ื”ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืฆืชื”,
ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื”.
02:24
it would be difficult to get her time and attention.
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ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืจื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
02:26
My cousins would be running around everywhere.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืื• ืชืฉืข,
02:28
And I remember, when I was about eight or nine years old,
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ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจืชื™ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื—ื“, ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืกืœื•ืŸ,
02:31
waking up one morning, going into the living room,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ืชืจื•ืฆืฆื• ืฉื.
02:33
and all of my cousins were running around.
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ื•ืกื‘ืชื™ ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื“ืจ
02:36
And my grandmother was sitting across the room,
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ื•ื‘ื”ืชื” ื‘ื”ื.
02:38
staring at me.
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ื•ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืžืฉื—ืง.
02:39
And at first, I thought we were playing a game.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืืœื™ื” ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ืš,
02:41
And I would look at her, and I'd smile, but she was very serious.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ื“ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช.
ื•ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 15 ืื• 20 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืขืจืš,
02:45
And after about 15 or 20 minutes of this,
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ื”ื™ื ืงืžื” ื•ื—ืฆืชื” ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ
02:47
she got up and she came across the room,
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02:49
and she took me by the hand,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืœืงื—ื” ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื“
02:51
and she said, "Come on, Bryan. You and I are going to have a talk."
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”: "ื‘ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืืŸ. ืืชื” ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื”."
ื•ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื–ื” ืงืจื” ืืชืžื•ืœ.
02:54
And I remember this just like it happened yesterday.
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02:57
I never will forget it.
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ืื ื™ ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืืฉื›ื— ืืช ื–ื”.
02:59
She took me out back and said, "Bryan, I'm going to tell you something,
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ื”ื™ื ืœืงื—ื” ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื•ืืžืจื”: "ื‘ืจื™ืืŸ, ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืš ืžืฉื”ื•,
ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืœื ืชืกืคืจ ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœืš."
03:03
but you don't tell anybody what I tell you."
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ืืžืจืชื™: "ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืกื‘ืชื."
03:05
I said, "OK, Mama."
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”: "ืืชื” ืชื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”." ืืžืจืชื™: "ื‘ื˜ื—".
03:06
She said, "Now, you make sure you don't do that."
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03:08
I said, "Sure."
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื™ ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื” ืขืœื™
03:09
Then she sat me down and she looked at me,
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ื•ืืžืจื”: "ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื“ืข
03:12
and she said, "I want you to know I've been watching you."
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ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ืชื™ ื‘ืš."
03:16
And she said, "I think you're special."
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”: "ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืืชื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“."
03:19
She said, "I think you can do anything you want to do."
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”: "ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืชืจืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช."
ืื ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืฉื›ื— ืืช ื–ื”.
03:24
I will never forget it.
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03:26
And then she said, "I just need you to promise me three things, Bryan."
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”: "ืื ื™ ืจืง ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืชื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื™ ืฉืœืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ืจื™ืืŸ."
ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™: "ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืกื‘ืชื."
03:29
I said, "OK, Mama."
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”: "ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื™
03:31
She said, "The first thing I want you to promise me
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ื–ื” ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืชืื”ื‘ ืืช ืืžื ืฉืœืš."
03:33
is that you'll always love your mom."
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”: "ื–ื• ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœื™,
03:35
She said, "That's my baby girl,
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ื•ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืชื“ืื’ ืœื”."
03:37
and you have to promise me now you'll always take care of her."
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื ื™ ื”ืขืจืฆืชื™ ืืช ืืžื ืฉืœื™, ืื– ืืžืจืชื™: "ื›ืŸ, ืกื‘ืชื, ืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”."
03:40
Well, I adored my mom, so I said, "Yes, Mama. I'll do that."
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”: "ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื™
03:43
Then she said, "The second thing I want you to promise me
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ื–ื” ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืชืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ
03:45
is that you'll always do the right thing,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฉื”."
03:47
even when the right thing is the hard thing."
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ืืžืจืชื™: "ื›ืŸ, ืกื‘ืชื, ืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”."
03:50
And I thought about it, and I said, "Yes, Mama. I'll do that."
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”: "ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื™
03:54
Then finally, she said, "The third thing I want you to promise me
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ื–ื” ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืฉืชื” ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ."
03:57
is that you'll never drink alcohol."
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:59
(Laughter)
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ ืชืฉืข, ืื– ืืžืจืชื™: "ื›ืŸ, ืกื‘ืชื. ืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”."
04:01
Well, I was nine years old, so I said, "Yes, Mama. I'll do that."
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ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ื›ืคืจื™,
04:04
I grew up in the country in the rural South,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืื— ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื•ืื—ื•ืช ืฉืงื˜ื ื” ืžืžื ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื”.
04:06
and I have a brother a year older than me and a sister a year younger.
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื‘ืŸ 14 ืื• 15,
04:09
When I was about 14 or 15,
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04:10
one day, my brother came home and he had this six-pack of beer;
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืื—ื™ ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื• ืฉื™ืฉื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช --
ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืชื” --
04:14
I don't know where he got it.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืชืคืก ืื•ืชื™ ื•ืืช ืื—ื•ืชื™ ื•ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœื™ืขืจื•ืช.
04:15
He grabbed me and my sister, and we went out in the woods,
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื›ื” ืกืชื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
04:18
and we were just out there doing the stuff we crazily did,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืชื” ืงืฆืช ืžื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ื ืชืŸ ืงืฆืช ืœืื—ื•ืชื™ ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืชืชื” ืžืขื˜,
04:21
and he had a sip of this beer and gave some to my sister
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœื™.
04:23
and she had some, and they offered it to me.
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ืืžืจืชื™: "ืœื, ืœื, ืœื. ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืชืฉืชื• ืืชื. ืื ื™ ืœื ืืฉืชื” ื‘ื™ืจื”."
04:25
I said, "No, that's OK. Y'all go ahead. I'm not going to have any."
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ืื—ื™ ืืžืจ: "ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื; ืืชื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ืฉื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
04:28
My brother said, "Come on. We're doing this today; you always do what we do.
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ืื ื™ ืฉืชื™ืชื™ ืงืฆืช, ืื—ื•ืชืš ืฉืชืชื” ืงืฆืช. ืชืฉืชื” ืงืฆืช ื‘ื™ืจื”."
04:32
I had some, your sister had some. Have some beer."
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ืืžืจืชื™: "ืœื, ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื ื–ื”. ืชืฉืชื• ืืชื. ืชืฉืชื• ืืชื."
04:34
I said, "No, I don't feel right about that. Y'all go ahead."
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ื•ืื– ืื— ืฉืœื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื.
ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: "ืžื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœืš? ืชืฉืชื” ืงืฆืช ื‘ื™ืจื”."
04:37
And then my brother stared at me and said, "What's wrong with you? Have some beer."
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืืžืจ,
04:41
Then he looked at me real hard and said,
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"ืื•ื™, ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืชืงื•ืข ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ
04:43
"Oh, I hope you're not still hung up on that conversation Mama had with you."
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ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืกื‘ืชื ืขืฉืชื” ืœืš."
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:47
(Laughter)
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ืืžืจืชื™ "ืจื’ืข, ืขืœ ืžื” ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ?"
04:48
I said, "What are you talking about?"
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: "ืื•ื™, ืกื‘ืชื ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื” ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื."
04:50
He said, "Oh, Mama tells all the grandkids that they're special."
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:53
(Laughter)
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04:55
I was devastated.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืจ.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:58
(Laughter)
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื•.
05:00
And I'm going to admit something to you.
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ืื ื™ ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืืกืคืจ.
05:02
I'm going to tell you something I probably shouldn't.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉื•ื“ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
05:04
I know this might be broadcast broadly.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื‘ืŸ 52,
05:06
But I'm 52 years old,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื“ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื
05:08
and I'm going to admit to you
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05:09
that I've never had a drop of alcohol.
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ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉืชื™ืชื™ ื˜ื™ืคืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ.
05:12
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
05:14
I don't say that because I think that's virtuous;
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื• ืžืขืœื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช;
05:17
I say that because there is power in identity.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื–ื”ื•ืช.
05:21
When we create the right kind of identity,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื–ื”ื•ืช ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
05:23
we can say things to the world around us
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•
05:25
that they don't actually believe make sense.
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื.
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
05:28
We can get them to do things that they don't think they can do.
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ืกื‘ืชื ืฉืœื™,
05:32
When I thought about my grandmother,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื.
05:34
of course she would think all her grandkids were special.
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ืกื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช "ื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ".
05:36
My grandfather was in prison during prohibition.
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ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื ืคื˜ืจ ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ.
05:39
My male uncles died of alcohol-related diseases.
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ื•ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื.
05:41
And these were the things she thought we needed to commit to.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื•
05:44
Well, I've been trying to say something about our criminal justice system.
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ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื•ื
05:48
This country is very different today than it was 40 years ago.
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ืžืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืคื ื™ 40 ืฉื ื”.
05:51
In 1972, there were 300,000 people in jails and prisons.
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 1972, ื”ื™ื• 300,000 ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื›ืœื ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืžืืกืจ.
ื›ื™ื•ื, ื™ืฉื ื 2.3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ.
05:55
Today, there are 2.3 million.
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05:59
The United States now has the highest rate of incarceration
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช-ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœื™ืื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
06:02
in the world.
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06:03
We have seven million people on probation and parole.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืื• ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชื ืื™.
06:06
And mass incarceration, in my judgment,
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ื•ื›ืœื™ืื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืœืคื™ ื“ืขืชื™,
06:09
has fundamentally changed our world.
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ืฉื™ื ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื•.
ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื
06:13
In poor communities, in communities of color,
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ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ,
06:15
there is this despair,
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ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืกืจ-ืชืงื•ื•ื”,
06:17
there is this hopelessness
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06:18
that is being shaped by these outcomes.
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ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื
06:21
One out of three Black men between the ages of 18 and 30
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ 18 ืœ- 30
06:24
is in jail, in prison, on probation or parole.
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ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœื, ื‘ืžืืกืจ, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืขืœ ืชื ืื™.
ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื• --
06:28
In urban communities across this country --
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ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก, ืคื™ืœื“ืœืคื™ื”, ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื•ืจ, ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ --
06:30
Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington --
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50 ืขื“ 60 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื
06:33
50 to 60 percent of all young men of color
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ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื ืื• ื‘ืžืืกืจ ืื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืขืœ ืชื ืื™.
06:36
are in jail or prison
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06:37
or on probation or parole.
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชืขืฆื‘ืช
06:39
Our system isn't just being shaped in these ways
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืžืขื•ื•ืชืช ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื’ื–ืข,
06:41
that seem to be distorting around race,
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ื”ืŸ ื’ื ืžืขื•ื•ืชื•ืช ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืขื•ื ื™.
06:43
they're also distorted by poverty.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื•
06:45
We have a system of justice in this country
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ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืืœื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘
06:48
that treats you much better if you're rich and guilty
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ืื ืืชื” ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ืืฉื ืžืืฉืจ ืื ืืชื” ืขื ื™ ื•ื—ืฃ ืžืคืฉืข.
06:51
than if you're poor and innocent.
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ืขื•ืฉืจ, ื•ืœื ืืฉืžื”,
06:53
Wealth, not culpability, shapes outcomes.
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ืžืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”.
06:57
And yet, we seem to be very comfortable.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื“ืžื” ืฉืžืื•ื“ ื ื•ื— ืœื ื•.
ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืคื—ื“ ื•ื›ืขืก
07:01
The politics of fear and anger have made us believe
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ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ
07:04
that these are problems that are not our problems.
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ืฉืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
07:07
We've been disconnected.
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ื ื•ืชืงื ื•.
ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™.
07:10
It's interesting to me.
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07:11
We're looking at some very interesting developments in our work.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืžื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
ืžื“ื™ื ืชื™ ืืœื‘ืžื”, ื›ืžื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
07:14
My state of Alabama, like a number of states,
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ืฉื•ืœืœืช ืžืžืš ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช
07:16
actually permanently disenfranchises you if you have a criminal conviction.
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืจืฉืขื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช.
ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืืœื‘ืžื”
07:20
Right now in Alabama,
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07:21
34 percent of the Black male population has permanently lost the right to vote.
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34 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื
ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืชื ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข.
ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ 10 ืฉื ื™ื
07:26
We're actually projecting that in another 10 years,
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ืจืžืช ืฉืœื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช
07:29
the level of disenfranchisement will be as high as it's been
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ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ืชื”
07:31
since prior to the passage of the Voting Rights Act.
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ืžืื– ืœืคื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื—ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื”.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืŸ ื“ืžืžื” ืžืคืœื™ืื”.
07:34
And there is this stunning silence.
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ืื ื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
07:38
I represent children.
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
07:40
A lot of my clients are very young.
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07:41
The United States is the only country in the world
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ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื
ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื“ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 13
07:44
where we sentence 13-year-old children
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ืœืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื›ืœื.
07:46
to die in prison.
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07:47
We have life imprisonment without parole for kids in this country.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžืืกืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื—ื ื™ื ื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื•.
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืงืฆืช ื‘ืœื™ื˜ื™ื’ืฆื™ื”.
07:51
And we're actually doing some litigation.
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
07:53
The only country in the world.
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ืื ื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื•ื•ืช.
07:55
I represent people on death row.
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07:56
It's interesting, this question of the death penalty.
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ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช.
ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื—ื™ื ื›ื• ืืชื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
07:59
In many ways, we've been taught to think that the real question is:
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ืฉื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื,
ื”ืื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืฉืข ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื•?
08:03
Do people deserve to die for the crimes they've committed?
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08:05
And that's a very sensible question.
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ื•ื–ื• ืฉืืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช.
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
08:08
But there's another way of thinking about where we are in our identity.
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ืขืœ ืื™ืคื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”
08:12
The other way of thinking about it is not:
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ื”ื™ื ืœื, ื”ืื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืคืฉืข ืฉื”ื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื•,
08:14
Do people deserve to die for the crimes they commit?,
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ืืœื ื”ืื ืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืจื•ื’?
08:16
but: Do we deserve to kill?
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžืจืชืง.
08:19
I mean, it's fascinating.
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ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืขืค"ื™ ื˜ืขื•ืช.
08:20
Death penalty in America is defined by error.
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08:22
For every nine people who have been executed,
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืชืฉืขื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื”ื•ืจื’,
08:24
we've actually identified one innocent person
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ื–ื™ื”ื™ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ
ืฉื–ื•ื›ื” ืžืืฉืžื” ื•ืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ืžื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื•ื•ืช.
08:27
who's been exonerated and released from death row.
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ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ื --
08:30
A kind of astonishing error rate --
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ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืชืฉืขื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ื—ืฃ ืžืคืฉืข.
08:33
one out of nine people, innocent.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžืจืชืง.
08:36
I mean, it's fascinating.
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ื‘ืชืขื•ืคื”, ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื
08:38
In aviation, we would never let people fly on airplanes
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08:40
if, for every nine planes that took off,
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ืื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืชืฉืขื” ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืžืžืจื™ืื™ื
08:42
one would crash.
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืจืกืง.
08:43
(Laughter)
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08:44
But somehow, we can insulate ourselves from this problem.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
08:48
It's not our problem.
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08:49
It's not our burden.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื ื˜ืœ ืฉืœื ื•.
08:51
It's not our struggle.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืฉืœื ื•.
08:53
I talk a lot about these issues.
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
08:55
I talk about race
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื’ื–ืข ื•ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•
08:57
and this question of whether we deserve to kill.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจื•ื’.
08:59
And it's interesting,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช,
09:00
when I teach my students about African American history,
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ืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืœื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช.
09:03
I tell them about slavery.
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ืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืœื”ื ืขืœ ื˜ืจื•ืจ,
09:04
I tell them about terrorism,
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ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจืงื•ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ื”
09:06
the era that began at the end of reconstruction
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ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื” ืขื“ ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
09:08
that went on to World War II.
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09:09
We don't really know very much about it.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”.
09:11
But for African Americans in this country,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื•,
09:13
that was an era defined by terror.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืžืœื™ื ืฅ'.
09:16
In many communities, people had to worry about being lynched.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืžืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื.
09:19
They had to worry about being bombed.
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ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืื™ื•ื ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืฉืขื™ืฆื‘ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
09:20
It was the threat of terror that shaped their lives.
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ื•ืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื ื™ื’ืฉื™ื ืืœื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
09:23
And these older people come up to me now and say,
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ื•ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื: "ืžืจ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ื ืกื•ืŸ, ืืชื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช, ืืชื” ื ื•ืื,
09:25
"Mr. Stevenson, you give talks, you make speeches,
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ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื’ื™ื“
09:28
you tell people to stop saying we're dealing with terrorism
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ืฉื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ื˜ืจื•ืจ
09:31
for the first time in our nation's history after 9/11."
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ืื—ืจื™ 11 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ.
09:33
They tell me to say, "No, tell them that we grew up with that."
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ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“: "ืœื, ืชืกืคืจ ืœื”ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื“ืœื ื• ืขื ื–ื”."
ื•ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื•ืจ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
09:37
And that era of terrorism, of course, was followed by segregation
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ื‘ืื” ืื—ืจื™ื” ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื”
ื•ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื’ื–ืขื™ืช
09:41
and decades of racial subordination
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ื•ืืคืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ื“.
09:43
and apartheid.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื• ืžื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื”
09:45
And yet, we have in this country
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09:47
this dynamic where we really don't like to talk about our problems.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
09:51
We don't like to talk about our history.
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09:53
And because of that, we really haven't understood
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”, ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื‘ื ื•
09:56
what it's meant to do the things we've done historically.
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ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช.
ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžืชื ื’ืฉื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”.
10:00
We're constantly running into each other.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืชื— ื•ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื.
10:02
We're constantly creating tensions and conflicts.
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ืงืฉื” ืœื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื’ื–ืข,
10:04
We have a hard time talking about race,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืจืชื•ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•
10:07
and I believe it's because we are unwilling to commit ourselves
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10:10
to a process of truth and reconciliation.
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ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืืžืช ื•ืคื™ื•ืก.
10:12
In South Africa,
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ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•
10:14
people understood that we couldn't overcome apartheid
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืืคืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ื“
ื‘ืœื™ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืืžืช ื•ืœืคื™ื•ืก.
10:17
without a commitment to truth and reconciliation.
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ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ ืจืฆื— ื”ืขื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื–ื•,
10:19
In Rwanda, even after the genocide, there was this commitment.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื• ืœื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”.
10:22
But in this country, we haven't done that.
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ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื›ืžื” ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืขืœ ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžื•ื•ืช.
10:24
I was giving some lectures in Germany about the death penalty.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืชืง
10:27
It was fascinating,
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ื›ื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื ืขืžื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื”
10:29
because one of the scholars stood up after the presentation
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ื•ืืžืจ: "ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ืžืื•ื“
10:32
and said, "Well, you know, it's deeply troubling
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ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ."
10:34
to hear what you're talking about."
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: "ืœื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”.
10:36
He said, "We don't have the death penalty in Germany,
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10:38
and of course, we can never have the death penalty in Germany."
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืฆืœื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”."
ื•ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉืชืจืจื” ื“ืžืžื”,
10:42
And the room got very quiet,
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10:43
and this woman said,
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ื•ืื™ืฉื” ืื—ืช ืืžืจื”,
10:45
"There's no way, with our history,
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"ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™, ืขื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืกื•ืง
10:49
we could ever engage in the systematic killing of human beings.
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ื‘ื”ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื—ืกืจ ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื“ื ื•
10:53
It would be unconscionable for us
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื•ืฉืงื•ืœื”,
10:57
to, in an intentional and deliberate way,
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ืœื ื”ืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื’ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื."
10:59
set about executing people."
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
11:02
And I thought about that.
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื
11:04
What would it feel like to be living in a world
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ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื
11:07
where the nation-state of Germany was executing people,
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื’,
11:10
especially if they were disproportionately Jewish?
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืืœื™?
ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื–ื”.
11:13
I couldn't bear it.
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11:14
It would be unconscionable.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืกืจ ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ.
11:16
And yet, in this country,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื•,
ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ,
11:19
in the states of the Old South,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื’ --
11:21
we execute people --
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžื•ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืคื™ 11
11:23
where you're 11 times more likely to get the death penalty
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ืื ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ืŸ ืžืืฉืจ ืื ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ื•ืจ,
11:25
if the victim is white than if the victim is Black,
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ืคื™ 22 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื”
11:28
22 times more likely to get it
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ืื ื”ื ืืฉื ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ --
11:29
if the defendant is Black and the victim is white --
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ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื“ืžื”
11:32
in the very states where there are, buried in the ground,
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ื’ื•ืคื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืชืงืคื• ื‘ืœื™ื ืฅ'.
11:34
the bodies of people who were lynched.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื ืชืง.
11:36
And yet, there is this disconnect.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืกื›ื ื”.
11:39
Well, I believe that our identity is at risk,
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ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื ื•
11:43
that when we actually don't care about these difficult things,
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ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื
11:49
the positive and wonderful things are nonetheless implicated.
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ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ.
11:53
We love innovation.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.
11:55
We love technology. We love creativity.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
11:58
We love entertainment.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ.
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
12:01
But ultimately,
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ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื•
12:03
those realities are shadowed by suffering,
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ืžืขื™ื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ืœ,
12:07
abuse, degradation,
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ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช, ื”ืฉืคืœื”,
ื“ื—ื™ืงื” ืœืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื.
12:10
marginalization.
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ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ื–ื” ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™
12:12
And for me, it becomes necessary to integrate the two,
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ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื.
ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื
12:16
because ultimately, we are talking about a need to be more hopeful,
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ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™,
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ืจ
12:20
more committed, more dedicated
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12:22
to the basic challenges of living in a complex world.
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ืœืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘.
ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
12:26
And for me, that means
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ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ
12:29
spending time thinking and talking about the poor, the disadvantaged,
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ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืžื•ื—ืœืฉื™ื,
12:33
those who will never get to TED,
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ืืœื• ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœ- TED.
ืื‘ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื•
12:36
but thinking about them in a way that is integrated in our own lives.
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ืฉืชืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืจืื™ื ื•.
12:40
You know, ultimately, we all have to believe things we haven't seen.
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12:43
We do.
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ื–ื” ื›ื›ื”. ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜.
12:45
As rational as we are, as committed to intellect as we are,
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12:47
innovation, creativity, development
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ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช, ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช,
ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื
12:50
comes not from the ideas in our mind alone.
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ืœื ืจืง ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื ื•.
ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืจืืฉื™ื ื•
12:54
They come from the ideas in our mind
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12:56
that are also fueled by some conviction in our heart.
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ืฉื ื™ื–ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื
ืžืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ื•.
13:00
And it's that mind-heart connection that I believe compels us
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื›ืœ-ืœื‘
ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื•
ืœื ืจืง ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
13:05
to not just be attentive to all the bright and dazzly things,
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื,
ืืœื ื’ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืคืœื™ื ื•ื”ืงืฉื™ื.
13:10
but also the dark and difficult things.
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ื•ืืฆืœื‘ ื”ืื•ื•ืœ, ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืฆ'ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื’ื•ืœ, ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
13:13
Vรกclav Havel, the great Czech leader, talked about this.
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13:15
He said, "When we were in Eastern Europe and dealing with oppression,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: "ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื ื• ืขื ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™,
ืจืฆื™ื ื• ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
13:19
we wanted all kinds of things.
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13:20
But mostly what we needed was hope,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื• ื–ื” ืชืงื•ื•ื”,
13:22
an orientation of the spirit,
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ื”ื›ึฐื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื—,
13:24
a willingness to sometimes be in hopeless places
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ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชืงื•ื•ื”
ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื“."
13:27
and be a witness."
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13:28
Well, that orientation of the spirit is very much at the core of what I believe
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื”ื”ื›ึฐื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื—,
ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ
ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช TED
13:34
even TED communities have to be engaged in.
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื•.
ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืชื•ืง
13:38
There is no disconnect around technology and design
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ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘
13:42
that will allow us to be fully human
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ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื
ืขื“ ืฉื ืคื ื” ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื ื• ืœืกื‘ืœ,
13:45
until we pay attention to suffering,
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13:47
to poverty, to exclusion, to unfairness, to injustice.
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ืœืขื•ื ื™, ืœื ื™ื“ื•ื™, ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช, ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฆื“ืง.
ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืชื›ื
13:51
Now, I will warn you
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13:52
that this kind of identity is a much more challenging identity
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ืฉื–ื”ื•ืช ื›ื–ื•
ื”ื™ื ื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืืชื’ืจืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:57
than ones that don't pay attention to this.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืืœื• ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘.
ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื›ื.
14:00
It will get to you.
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14:01
I had the great privilege, when I was a young lawyer,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื•"ื“ ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืืช ืจื•ื–ื” ืคืจืงืก.
14:04
of meeting Rosa Parks.
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ื•ื’ื‘' ืคืจืงืก ื ื”ื’ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื•ื ื˜ื’ื•ืžืจื™ ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื,
14:05
And Ms. Parks used to come back to Montgomery every now and then,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืคื’ืฉืช ืขื ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช,
14:08
and she would get together with two of her dearest friends,
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ื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื•ืช,
14:11
these older women,
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ื’'ื•ื ื™ ืงืืจ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืืจื’ื ืช
14:12
Johnnie Carr, who was the organizer of the Montgomery bus boycott --
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ืฉืœ ื—ืจื ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ื’ื•ืžืจื™ --
ืืฉื” ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” --
14:16
amazing African American woman --
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14:17
and Virginia Durr, a white woman,
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ื•ื•ื™ืจื’'ื™ื ื™ื” ื“ื•ืจ, ืืฉื” ืœื‘ื ื”,
14:19
whose husband, Clifford Durr, represented Dr. King.
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ืฉื‘ืขืœื”, ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื“ ื“ื•ืจ, ื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื“ืจ' ืงื™ื ื’.
ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื ืคื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช.
14:22
And these women would get together and just talk.
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14:24
And every now and then Ms. Carr would call me,
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ื•ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ื’ื‘' ืงืืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชืงืฉืจืช ืืœื™ื™,
14:26
and she'd say, "Bryan, Ms. Parks is coming to town.
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ื•ืื•ืžืจืช: "ื‘ืจื™ืืŸ, ื’ื‘' ืคืจืงืก ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืขื™ืจื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ.
14:29
We're going to get together and talk. Do you want to come over and listen?"
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ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘?"
ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ: "ื›ืŸ ื’ื‘ืจืชื™, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื”."
14:32
And I'd say, "Yes, ma'am, I do."
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืžืจืช: "ืื–ื” ืžื” ืืชื” ืชืขืฉื” ื›ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืืŸ?"
14:34
She'd say, "What are you going to do when you get here?"
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ืืžืจืชื™: "ืื ื™ ืืงืฉื™ื‘."
14:37
I said, "I'm going to listen."
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื, ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืงืฉื™ื‘.
14:38
And I'd go over there and I would, I'd just listen.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžืžืœื ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžืขืฆื™ื.
14:40
It would be so energizing and so empowering.
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ื•ื‘ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื•ื”ืงืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช,
14:43
And one time I was over there listening to these women talk,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื’ื‘' ืคืจืงืก ืคื ืชื” ืืœื™ื™
14:45
and after a couple of hours, Ms. Parks turned to me and said,
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ื•ืืžืจื”: "ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืจื™ืืŸ, ืชืกืคืจ ืœื™ ืžื” ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉื•ื•ื”.
14:48
"Bryan, tell me what the Equal Justice Initiative is.
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ืชืกืคืจ ืœื™ ืžื” ืืชื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช."
14:51
Tell me what you're trying to do."
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืชืช ืœื” ืืช ื”ื ืื•ื ืฉืœื™.
14:52
And I began giving her my rap.
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ืืžืจืชื™: "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืืชื’ืจ ืืช ืื™-ื”ืฆื“ืง.
14:54
"We're trying to challenge injustice.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืจืฉืขื• ืฉืœื ื‘ืฆื“ืง.
14:56
We're trying to help people who have been wrongly convicted.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืžืช ืขื ื“ืขื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืืคืœื™ื”
14:59
We're trying to confront bias and discrimination
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ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™.
15:01
in the administration of criminal justice.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืžืืกืจ ืขื•ืœื ืœืœื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื—ื ื™ื ื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื.
15:03
We're trying to end life without parole sentences for children.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช.
15:06
We're trying to do something about the death penalty.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืชืคื•ืกื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœื.
15:08
We're trying to reduce the prison population.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืœื›ืœื™ืื” ื”ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ืช."
ื ืืžืชื™ ืœื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืื•ื, ื•ื›ืฉืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื” ืขืœื™
15:11
We're trying to end mass incarceration."
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15:12
I gave her my whole rap, and when I finished she looked at me
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ื•ืืžืจื”: "ืžืžืž, ืžืžืž, ืžืžืž."
15:15
and she said, "Mmm mmm mmm.
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”: "ื–ื” ื™ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชืš ืขื™ื™ืฃ, ืขื™ื™ืฃ, ืขื™ื™ืฃ."
15:17
That's going to make you tired, tired, tired."
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:19
(Laughter)
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15:20
And that's when Ms. Carr leaned forward, she put her finger in my face,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข ื’ื‘' ืงืืจ ืจื›ื ื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื” ืืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ืฉืœื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”: "ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ืฅ, ืืžื™ืฅ, ืืžื™ืฅ."
15:24
she said, "That's why you've got to be brave, brave, brave."
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืงื”ื™ืœืช TED
15:29
And I actually believe that the TED community
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15:31
needs to be more courageous.
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื‘.
ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื
15:34
We need to find ways to embrace these challenges,
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ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•, ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืœ.
15:38
these problems, the suffering.
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืชืœื•ื™ื”
15:40
Because ultimately, our humanity depends on everyone's humanity.
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ื‘ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื.
15:44
I've learned very simple things doing the work that I do.
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”.
ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื.
15:47
It's just taught me very simple things.
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ
15:49
I've come to understand and to believe
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ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•
15:52
that each of us is more than the worst thing we've ever done.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืจื•ืข ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ืขืฉื™ื ื•.
15:55
I believe that for every person on the planet.
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืฉืงืจ, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืฉืงืจืŸ.
15:59
I think if somebody tells a lie, they're not just a liar.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœื•ืงื— ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื•,
16:02
I think if somebody takes something that doesn't belong to them,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ื’ื ื‘.
16:05
they're not just a thief.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืื ืืชื” ื”ื•ืจื’ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•, ืืชื” ืœื ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื—.
16:06
I think even if you kill someone, you're not just a killer.
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื“ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™
16:09
And because of that, there's this basic human dignity
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ืฉื”ื—ื•ืง ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ืชื•.
16:12
that must be respected by law.
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ืžืืžื™ืŸ
16:14
I also believe
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ืฉื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื•,
16:16
that in many parts of this country,
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ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
16:18
and certainly in many parts of this globe,
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16:21
that the opposite of poverty is not wealth.
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ืฉื”ื”ืคืš ืžืขื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขื•ืฉืจ.
ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”.
16:25
I don't believe that.
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ืื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื™,
16:26
I actually think, in too many places,
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ื”ื”ืคืš ืžืขื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฆื“ืง.
16:29
the opposite of poverty is justice.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ,
16:32
And finally, I believe
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ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื–ื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื“ืจืžืชื™
16:35
that, despite the fact that it is so dramatic and so beautiful
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ื•ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื™ืคื” ื•ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื”
16:38
and so inspiring and so stimulating,
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ื•ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžืžืจื™ืฅ,
16:41
we will ultimately not be judged by our technology,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ืฉืคื˜ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
ืœื ื ืฉืคื˜ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื•,
16:45
we won't be judged by our design,
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16:47
we won't be judged by our intellect and reason.
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ืœื ื ืฉืคื˜ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื”.
16:50
Ultimately, you judge the character of a society
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืืช ืื•ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื”,
16:53
not by how they treat their rich and the powerful and the privileged,
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ืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœื”, ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื” ื•ืžื™ื•ื—ืกื™ื”,
ืืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื,
16:57
but by how they treat the poor,
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16:58
the condemned,
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ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืขื™ื, ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ื.
17:00
the incarcerated.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”
17:01
Because it's in that nexus
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืขืžื•ืงื™ื
17:03
that we actually begin to understand truly profound things
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื•.
17:06
about who we are.
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17:09
I sometimes get out of balance.
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ืื ื™ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืื™ื–ื•ืŸ. ืื ื™ ืืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื.
17:11
I'll end with this story.
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ืื ื™ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™.
17:12
I sometimes push too hard.
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17:13
I do get tired, as we all do.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืชืขื™ื™ืฃ, ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืžืฉืชืœื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•
17:16
Sometimes those ideas get ahead of our thinking
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.
17:19
in ways that are important.
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ื™ื™ืฆื’ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
17:21
And I've been representing these kids
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ืฉื ื™ื“ื•ื ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืืช ื’ื–ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืื•ื“ ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
17:23
who have been sentenced to these very harsh sentences.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืœื ื•ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืฉื”ื ื‘ื ื™ 13 ื• 14,
17:25
And I go to the jail and I see my client, who's 13 and 14,
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ื•ืื•ืฉืจ ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื‘ื’ื™ืจ.
17:28
and he's been certified to stand trial as an adult.
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17:30
I start thinking, well, how did that happen?
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงืจื”?
ืื™ืš ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชืš ืœืžืฉื”ื•
17:33
How can a judge turn you into something that you're not?
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ืฉืืชื” ืœื?
17:36
And the judge has certified him as an adult, but I see this kid.
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ื•ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืื™ืฉืจ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื‘ื’ื™ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื™ืœื“.
17:39
And I was up too late one night and I started thinking,
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ื•ื ืฉืืจืชื™ ืขืจ ืขืจื‘ ืื—ื“ ืขื“ ืฉืขื” ืžืื•ื—ืจืช ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
ื‘ื—ื™ื™, ืื ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชืš ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื” ืœื,
17:42
well, if the judge can turn you into something you're not,
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ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืงืกื.
17:45
the judge must have magic power.
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ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืจื™ืืŸ, ืœืฉื•ืคื˜ ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ื›ื•ื— ืงืกื.
17:46
Yeah, Bryan, the judge has some magic power.
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17:48
You should ask for some of that.
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ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืงืฆืช ืžื–ื”.
17:50
And because I was up too late and wasn't thinking real straight,
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขืจ ืขื“ ืฉืขื” ืžืื•ื—ืจืช, ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช,
ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช.
17:53
I started working on a motion.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืœืงื•ื— ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 14, ื™ืœื“ ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืขื ื™, ืฉื—ื•ืจ.
17:55
I had a client who was 14 years old, a young, poor Black kid.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื›ื–ื•,
17:58
And I started working on this motion, and the head of the motion was:
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ืฉื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ื™ืชื”: "ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืฉืœื™,
18:01
"Motion to try my poor, 14-year-old Black male client
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ื”ืขื ื™, ื‘ืŸ ื”-14, ืžืžื™ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ, ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ,
ื›ืžื• ื’ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ืก, ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ืŸ 75,
18:04
like a privileged, white, 75-year-old corporate executive."
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ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“."
18:07
(Laughter)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
18:08
(Applause and cheers)
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ื•ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ืชื‘ืชื™
18:13
And I put in my motion that there was prosecutorial misconduct
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจืืœื™ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื•ืœืžืช, ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื•ืœืžืช, ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื•ืœืžืช.
18:16
and police misconduct and judicial misconduct.
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืื™ื–ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœืžืช,
18:18
There was a crazy line in there
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18:19
about how there's no conduct in this county, it's all misconduct.
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ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื•ืœื.
ื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœืžื—ืจืช, ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจืชื™ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื—ืœืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืช ื”ื–ื•,
18:22
And the next morning, I woke up and I thought,
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ืื• ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืชื”?
18:25
now, did I dream that crazy motion, or did I actually write it?
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ื•ืœื—ืจื“ืชื™, ืœื ืจืง ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืชื”,
18:28
And to my horror, not only had I written it,
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ื’ื ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืœื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.
18:30
but I had sent it to court.
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
18:31
(Applause)
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ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ืจื•,
18:34
A couple months went by,
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18:36
and I just had forgotten all about it.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ื—ืชื™ ืžื›ืœ ื–ื”.
ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™,
18:39
And I finally decided,
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ืื•ื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื–ื”.
18:41
"Gosh, I've got to go to the court and do this crazy case."
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ื•ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœื™,
18:43
And I got in my car, and I was feeling really overwhelmed -- overwhelmed.
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ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ืชืฉ -- ืžื•ืชืฉ.
ื•ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืจื›ื‘ ื•ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.
18:47
And I got in my car and went to this courthouse.
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืงืฉื”, ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžื›ืื™ื‘.
18:49
And I was thinking, this is going to be so difficult, so painful.
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ื•ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืžื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืœื›ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.
18:52
And I finally got out of the car and started walking up to the courthouse.
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜,
18:56
And as I was walking up the steps,
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืื“ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ, ืฉื—ื•ืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉืจืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื–ื”.
18:57
there was an older Black man who was the janitor in this courthouse.
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ื›ืฉื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืจืื” ืื•ืชื™, ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœื™ื™
19:01
When this man saw me, he came over and said, "Who are you?"
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ื•ืืžืจ: "ืžื™ ืืชื”?"
ืืžืจืชื™: "ืื ื™ ืขื•"ื“." ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: "ืืชื” ืขื•"ื“?" ืืžืจืชื™: "ื›ืŸ, ืื“ื•ื ื™."
19:04
I said, "I'm a lawyer." He said, "You're a lawyer?" I said, "Yes, sir."
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ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœื™ื™
19:07
And this man came over to me, and he hugged me.
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ื•ื—ื™ื‘ืง ืื•ืชื™.
19:10
And he whispered in my ear.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ืื•ื–ืŸ
19:12
He said, "I'm so proud of you."
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: "ืื ื™ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื’ืื” ื‘ืš."
ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื,
19:15
And I have to tell you, it was energizing.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืœื ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
19:18
It connected deeply with something in me
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ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื™
ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”ื•ืช,
19:21
about identity,
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19:22
about the capacity of every person to contribute to community,
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœืชืจื•ื
ืœืงื”ื™ืœื”, ืœืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
19:26
to a perspective that is hopeful.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืืช ืื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.
19:28
Well, I went into the courtroom.
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืคื ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืจืื” ืื•ืชื™ ื ื›ื ืก.
19:30
And as soon as I walked in, the judge saw me coming.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: "ืžืจ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ื ืกื•ืŸ, ื–ื” ืืชื” ื›ืชื‘ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืช ื”ื–ื•?"
19:32
He said, "Mr. Stevenson, did you write this crazy motion?"
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ืืžืจืชื™: "ื›ืŸ, ืื“ื•ื ื™, ืื ื™ ื›ืชื‘ืชื™". ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื—.
19:35
I said, "Yes, sir. I did." And we started arguing.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื–ืขืžื• ืžื›ืขืก.
19:38
And people started coming in,
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ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
19:39
just outraged I'd written these crazy things.
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ื•ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื•
19:41
And police officers were coming in
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ื•ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”, ื•ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื.
19:43
and assistant prosecutors and clerk workers.
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ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกืคืงืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื”ืื•ืœื ื”ืชืžืœื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื
19:45
Before I knew it, the courtroom was filled with people
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ื–ื•ืขืžื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื–ืข,
19:48
angry that we were talking about race,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืขื•ื ื™,
19:49
that we were talking about poverty, talking about inequality.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ.
ื•ื‘ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ, ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืจืช ื”ื–ื” ืฆื•ืขื“ ื”ืœื•ืš ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
19:53
And out of the corner of my eye, I could see this janitor pacing back and forth.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืžื”.
19:57
He kept looking through the window and could hear all the holler.
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ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืœื•ืš ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขื ื”ื”ื‘ืขื” ื”ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื“ืื’ืช ื”ื–ื• ืขืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื
20:00
And finally, this older Black man with a very worried look on his face
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ื ื›ื ืก ืœืื•ืœื ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื™,
20:03
came into the courtroom and sat behind me, almost at counsel table.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ืกืคืกืœ ื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื™ื.
20:07
Ten minutes later, the judge said we'd take a break.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ืขืจืš 10 ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืืžืจ ืฉื ืฆื ืœื”ืคืกืงื”.
ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืคืกืงื” ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืฉืจื™ืฃ ืฉื ืขืœื‘
20:10
During the break, there was a deputy sheriff who was offended
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ืžื–ื” ืฉื”ืฉืจืช ื ื›ื ืก ืœืื•ืœื.
20:13
that the janitor had come into court.
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ื•ื”ืกื’ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืงืคืฅ ื•ืจืฅ ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
20:15
The deputy jumped up and ran over to this older Black man.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: "ื’'ื™ืžื™, ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”?"
20:17
He said, "Jimmy, what are you doing in this courtroom?"
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ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื ืขืžื“
20:20
And this older Black man stood up and looked at that deputy
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืืœ ื”ืกื’ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื™
20:23
and he looked at me,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: "ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”
20:24
and he said, "I came into this courtroom to tell this young man,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
ืชืชืจื›ื– ื‘ืžื˜ืจื”, ืชื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“."
20:29
'Keep your eyes on the prize, hold on.'"
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ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœ- TED
20:32
I've come to TED
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20:33
because I believe that many of you understand
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื
ืฉืงืฉืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื”ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื”,
20:36
that the moral arc of the universe is long,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ืง.
20:38
but it bends toward justice;
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ืฉื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืœืื”
20:40
that we cannot be full, evolved human beings
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ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื ื“ืื’ ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื“ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™.
20:43
until we care about human rights and basic dignity;
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20:45
that all of our survival is tied to the survival of everyone;
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ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื.
20:49
that our visions of technology and design
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ืฉื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘
ื•ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช
20:52
and entertainment and creativity
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืŸ
20:54
have to be married with visions of humanity, compassion and justice.
477
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ืฉืœ ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช, ื—ืžืœื” ื•ืฆื“ืง.
ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ,
20:59
And more than anything, for those of you who share that,
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ืœืืœื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื ืฉืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื–ื”,
21:02
I've simply come to tell you
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื
21:04
to keep your eyes on the prize, hold on.
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ืชืชืจื›ื–ื• ื‘ืžื˜ืจื”, ืชื—ื–ื™ืงื• ืžืขืžื“.
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
21:07
Thank you very much.
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21:08
(Applause and cheers)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
21:28
Chris Anderson: Brian, so you heard and saw
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ืื– ืฉืžืขืช ื•ืจืื™ืช
21:31
an obvious desire by this audience, this community,
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ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ, ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•,
21:34
to help you on your way and to do something on this issue.
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ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ืš ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
21:37
Other than writing a check,
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฆ'ืง,
ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
21:40
what could we do?
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21:42
BS: Well, there are opportunities all around us.
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ื‘.ืก: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
21:44
If you live in the state of California, for example,
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ืื ืืชื ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”, ืœืžืฉืœ,
ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืืœ ืขื ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘
21:47
there's a referendum coming up this spring
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2020
ืฉื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืืžืฅ
21:49
where there's going to be an effort to redirect some of the money we spend
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ืœื ืชื‘ ืื—ืจืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ืฉื”.
21:53
on the politics of punishment.
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”
21:54
For example, here in California,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ
21:56
we're going to spend one billion dollars
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ื‘ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช --
21:58
on the death penalty in the next five years --
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ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
22:00
one billion dollars.
496
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1966
22:02
And yet, 46 percent of all homicide cases don't result in arrest,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, 46 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืžืงืจื™ ื”ืจืฆื—
ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืฆืจ.
22:06
56 percent of all rape cases don't result.
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56 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืžืงืจื™ ื”ืื•ื ืก ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืฆืจ.
ืื– ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
22:09
So there's an opportunity to change that.
499
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ื•ืžืฉืืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ืข ืœื ืชื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•
22:11
And this referendum would propose
500
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1585
22:12
having those dollars go to law enforcement and safety.
501
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ืœืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•.
22:16
And I think that opportunity exists all around us.
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ื›.ื: ื™ืฉ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”
22:18
CA: There's been this huge decline in crime in America
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ื‘ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
22:22
over the last three decades.
504
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ื•ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ืื•ืžืจ
22:23
And part of the narrative of that
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22:25
is sometimes that it's about increased incarceration rates.
506
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื›ืœื™ืื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืช ืื•ืžืจ ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš?
22:29
What would you say to someone who believed that?
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ื‘.ืก: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื”ืืœื™ืžื”
22:31
BS: Well, actually, the violent crime rate has remained relatively stable.
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ื ืฉืืจ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘.
ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ืื” ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื•
22:35
The great increase in mass incarceration in this country
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ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคืฉืขื™ื ืืœื™ืžื™ื.
22:37
wasn't really in violent crime categories.
510
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ืช ื‘ืกืžื™ื.
22:40
It was this misguided war on drugs.
511
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1763
22:41
That's where the dramatic increases have come
512
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ืžืฉื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช
22:43
in our prison population.
513
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ื‘ืชืคื•ืกื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœื.
22:45
(Applause)
514
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22:46
And we got carried away with the rhetoric of punishment.
515
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ื•ื ืกื—ืคื ื• ืขื ื”ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ืฉื”.
22:49
And so we have "Three Strikes" laws
516
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช "ื—ื•ืง ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืคืกื™ืœื•ืช"
22:51
that put people in prison forever
517
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1977
ืฉืžื›ื ื™ืก ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื›ืœื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
22:53
for stealing a bicycle, for low-level property crimes,
518
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ืขืœ ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ืขืœ ืคืฉืขื™ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช,
22:56
rather than making them give those resources back
519
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื—ื–ืจื”
22:58
to the people who they victimized.
520
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
23:00
I believe we need to do more
521
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืคืœื• ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืคืฉืข,
23:01
to help people who are victimized by crime,
522
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2004
ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช.
23:03
not do less.
523
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1151
ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•
23:05
And I think our current punishment philosophy
524
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ืœื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“.
23:07
does nothing for no one.
525
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23:08
And I think that's the orientation that we have to change.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช.
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
23:11
(Applause)
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ื›.ื: ื‘ืจื™ืืŸ, ื ื’ืขืช ืคื” ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
23:13
CA: Bryan, you've struck a massive chord here.
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ืืชื” ืื“ื ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื”.
23:16
You're an inspiring person.
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23:17
Thank you so much for coming to TED. Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš ืฉื‘ืืช ืœ- TED. ืชื•ื“ื”.
23:19
(Applause and cheers)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
23:29
BS: Thank you. Thank you.
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23:31
(Applause and cheers)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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