Bryan Stevenson: We need to talk about an injustice | TED

Translator: Abe Felisa Reviewer: Deera Army Pramana

Ini sebuah kehormatan yang teramat besar bagi saya.

Well, this is a really extraordinary honor for me.

Saya menghabiskan sebagian besar waktu saya di dalam penjara,

I spend most of my time in jails, in prisons, on death row.

untuk hukuman mati.

I spend most of my time in very low-income communities,

Saya menghabiskan hidup saya di masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah

in the projects and places where there's a great deal of hopelessness.

dalam proyek dan tempat di mana terdapat ketidakberdayaan.

And being here at TED and seeing the stimulation, hearing it,

Berada di sini di TED.

dan melihat daya tariknya, mendengarnya,

has been very, very energizing to me.

terasa sangat menyegarkan bagi saya.

And one of the things that's emerged in my short time here

Dan satu hal yang muncul dalam waktu saya yang singkat ini

is that TED has an identity.

bahwa TED memiliki identitas.

Dan Anda dapat mengatakan sesuatu di sini

And you can actually say things here that have impacts around the world.

yang berdampak ke seluruh dunia.

And sometimes when it comes through TED, it has meaning and power

Dan kadang melalui TED,

ada arti dan kekuatan

that it doesn't have when it doesn't.

yang tidak ada jika tidak melaluinya.

And I mention that because I think identity is really important.

Saya mengatakannya karena identitas itu penting.

Dan ada presentasi yang luar biasa.

And we've had some fantastic presentations.

Saya rasa yang kita pelajari adalah

And I think what we've learned is that, if you're a teacher,

jika Anda guru, kata-kata Anda bisa berarti,

your words can be meaningful,

tetapi jika Anda guru penuh kasih, kata-kata Anda bisa amat bermakna

but if you're a compassionate teacher, they can be especially meaningful.

Jika Anda dokter, Anda bisa lakukan hal yang baik,

If you're a doctor, you can do some good things,

tetapi dokter yang penuh perhatian bisa melakukannya lebih.

but if you're a caring doctor, you can do some other things.

So I want to talk about the power of identity.

Saya ingin bicara tentang kekuatan identitas.

And I didn't learn about this actually practicing law

Saya sebenarnya tidak mempelajari hal ini

dari praktik hukum atau melakukan pekerjaan saya

and doing the work that I do.

I actually learned about this from my grandmother.

Sebenarnya saya mempelajarinya dari nenek saya.

Saya tumbuh di keluarga

I grew up in a house that was the traditional African American home

tradisional Afrika-Amerika

yang didominasi oleh budaya matriarki,

that was dominated by a matriarch,

and that matriarch was my grandmother.

dan pemimpinnya adalah nenek saya.

She was tough, she was strong, she was powerful.

Ia keras dan kuat,

ia berkuasa.

She was the end of every argument in our family.

Ia adalah orang yang mengakhiri semua perdebatan dalam keluarga.

(Laughter)

She was the beginning of a lot of arguments in our family.

Ia juga yang memulai sebagian besar perdebatan dalam keluarga kami.

(Laughter)

Ia adalah anak dari budak.

She was the daughter of people who were actually enslaved.

Orang tuanya lahir dalam perbudakan di Virginia sekitar tahun 1840-an.

Her parents were born in slavery in Virginia in the 1840s.

She was born in the 1880s,

Ia lahir tahun 1880-an

and the experience of slavery

dan pengalamannya tentang perbudakan sangat membentuk caranya memandang dunia.

very much shaped the way she saw the world.

And my grandmother was tough, but she was also loving.

Dan nenek saya orang yang keras, namun juga penuh kasih.

When I would see her as a little boy,

Saat saya masih anak-anak,

ia menghampiri dan memeluk saya.

she'd come up to me and give me these hugs.

Dan ia memeluk saya amat erat sampai saya sulit bernapas

And she'd squeeze me so tight I could barely breathe,

and then she'd let me go.

lalu ia melepaskan saya.

And an hour or two later, if I saw her,

Satu dua jam kemudian, jika bertemu,

ia menghampiri dan berkata, "Bryan, kau masih merasakan pelukanku?"

she'd come over to me and say, "Bryan, do you still feel me hugging you?"

If I said, "No," she'd assault me again,

Jika saya bilang, "Tidak," ia akan melakukannya lagi,

and if I said, "Yes," she'd leave me alone.

dan jika, "Ya," ia membiarkan saya.

And she just had this quality that you always wanted to be near her.

Ia memiliki kualitas

yang selalu membuat Anda ingin di dekatnya

Satu-satunya tantangan adalah ia punya 10 anak.

And the only challenge was that she had 10 children.

My mom was the youngest of her 10 kids.

Ibu saya anak bungsu dari sepuluh anak.

And sometimes when I would go and spend time with her,

Kadang jika ingin bersama dengan nenek,

sulit mendapatkan waktu dan perhatiannya.

it would be difficult to get her time and attention.

Sepupu saya berlarian ke sana kemari.

My cousins would be running around everywhere.

Dan saya ingat, waktu saya berusia delapan atau sembilan tahun,

And I remember, when I was about eight or nine years old,

suatu pagi terbangun, pergi ke ruang tamu,

waking up one morning, going into the living room,

dan semua sepupu saya berlarian.

and all of my cousins were running around.

Dan nenek saya, duduk di seberang ruangan,

And my grandmother was sitting across the room,

memandang saya.

staring at me.

Awalnya saya pikir ini permainan.

And at first, I thought we were playing a game.

And I would look at her, and I'd smile, but she was very serious.

Saya memandangnya dan tersenyum, tetapi ia sangat serius.

Dan setelah 15 hingga 20 menit,

And after about 15 or 20 minutes of this,

ia berdiri dan berjalan menyeberangi ruangan

she got up and she came across the room,

and she took me by the hand,

dan menggandeng tangan saya

and she said, "Come on, Bryan. You and I are going to have a talk."

dan berkata, "Ayo, Bryan. Kita harus bicara."

Dan saya ingat ini seperti baru terjadi kemarin.

And I remember this just like it happened yesterday.

I never will forget it.

Saya tak akan melupakannya.

She took me out back and said, "Bryan, I'm going to tell you something,

Ia mengajak keluar dan berkata, "Bryan, aku mau katakan sesuatu,

tetapi jangan bilang siapa-siapa yang kukatakan."

but you don't tell anybody what I tell you."

Saya bilang, "Baik, Mama."

I said, "OK, Mama."

Katanya, "Pastikan kau tak akan melakukannya" jawab saya, "Tentu."

She said, "Now, you make sure you don't do that."

I said, "Sure."

Then she sat me down and she looked at me,

Kemudian ia minta saya duduk dan memandang saya

and she said, "I want you to know I've been watching you."

dan berkata, "Aku ingin kau tahu aku mengamatimu selama ini."

And she said, "I think you're special."

Dan ia bilang, "Menurutku kau istimewa."

She said, "I think you can do anything you want to do."

Ia bilang, "Menurutku kau bisa melakukan apapun yang kau mau."

I will never forget it.

Saya tak akan pernah melupakannya.

And then she said, "I just need you to promise me three things, Bryan."

Lalu ia berkata, "Aku hanya ingin kau berjanji atas tiga hal, Bryan."

I said, "OK, Mama."

Saya jawab, "Baik, Mama."

Katanya, "Pertama aku mau kau berjanji

She said, "The first thing I want you to promise me

bahwa kau akan selalu mencintai ibumu."

is that you'll always love your mom."

She said, "That's my baby girl,

Ia bilang, "Dia anakku,

dan kau harus berjanji akan selalu menjaganya."

and you have to promise me now you'll always take care of her."

Saya mengagumi ibu, jadi saya jawab, "Baik, Mama. Akan kulakukan."

Well, I adored my mom, so I said, "Yes, Mama. I'll do that."

Lalu, "Kedua aku mau kau berjanji

Then she said, "The second thing I want you to promise me

bahwa kau akan selalu melakukan yang benar

is that you'll always do the right thing,

even when the right thing is the hard thing."

bahkan jika yang benar itu sulit."

And I thought about it, and I said, "Yes, Mama. I'll do that."

Saya memikirkannya dan menjawab, "Ya, Mama. Akan kulakukan."

Akhirnya ia berkata, "Ketiga aku mau kau berjanji

Then finally, she said, "The third thing I want you to promise me

kau tak akan pernah minum alkohol."

is that you'll never drink alcohol."

(Laughter)

(Tawa)

Waktu itu saya sembilan tahun, jadi saya jawab, "Ya, Mama. Akan kulakukan."

Well, I was nine years old, so I said, "Yes, Mama. I'll do that."

Saya tumbuh di wilayah pedesaan di Selatan,

I grew up in the country in the rural South,

dengan abang setahun di atas dan adik perempuan setahun di bawah.

and I have a brother a year older than me and a sister a year younger.

Waktu saya 14 atau 15 tahun,

When I was about 14 or 15,

one day, my brother came home and he had this six-pack of beer;

suatu hari kakak saya pulang membawa enam kaleng bir.

Entahlah ia dapat dari mana,

I don't know where he got it.

lalu ia menarik saya dan adik pergi ke hutan,

He grabbed me and my sister, and we went out in the woods,

kami di sana melakukan hal-hal konyol seperti biasanya.

and we were just out there doing the stuff we crazily did,

Ia minum bir itu dan memberikannya ke adik saya yang juga meminumnya,

and he had a sip of this beer and gave some to my sister

and she had some, and they offered it to me.

lalu mereka tawarkan kepada saya.

Saya jawab, "Tidak. Kalian saja. Saya tidak mau minum bir."

I said, "No, that's OK. Y'all go ahead. I'm not going to have any."

Abang bilang, "Ayo, kita minum; kita selalu lakukan apapun bersama.

My brother said, "Come on. We're doing this today; you always do what we do.

Aku minum, adikmu juga. Minumlah."

I had some, your sister had some. Have some beer."

Saya jawab, "Tidak, rasanya tidak benar. Kalian saja."

I said, "No, I don't feel right about that. Y'all go ahead."

Kemudian abang mulai menatap saya.

And then my brother stared at me and said, "What's wrong with you? Have some beer."

Ia bilang, "Kenapa kau? Ayo minum bir."

Lalu ia menatap tajam dan berkata,

Then he looked at me real hard and said,

"Oh, kuharap kau tidak terbebani oleh percakapan dengan Mama."

"Oh, I hope you're not still hung up on that conversation Mama had with you."

(Tawa)

(Laughter)

Saya jawab, "Apa maksudmu?"

I said, "What are you talking about?"

Ia bilang, "Oh, Mama bilang ke semua cucunya mereka istimewa."

He said, "Oh, Mama tells all the grandkids that they're special."

(Tawa)

(Laughter)

I was devastated.

Saya terhenyak.

(Tawa)

(Laughter)

And I'm going to admit something to you.

Dan saya mengaku pada Anda.

Saya akan bilang suatu rahasia.

I'm going to tell you something I probably shouldn't.

Saya tahu ini mungkin akan disiarkan luas

I know this might be broadcast broadly.

Tapi saya 52 tahun,

But I'm 52 years old,

dan saya akan mengaku

and I'm going to admit to you

that I've never had a drop of alcohol.

bahwa saya tidak pernah minum setetes pun alkohol.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

I don't say that because I think that's virtuous;

Saya tidak mengatakannya sebagai sebuah hal yang bijak;

I say that because there is power in identity.

saya mengatakannya karena ada kekuatan pada sebuah identitas.

When we create the right kind of identity,

Saat kita menciptakan identitas yang tepat,

we can say things to the world around us

kita bisa katakan berbagai hal pada dunia

that they don't actually believe make sense.

yang mungkin tidak masuk akal bagi mereka.

We can get them to do things that they don't think they can do.

Kita bisa membuat mereka lakukan hal-hal yang mereka pikir tidak mungkin.

When I thought about my grandmother,

Saat saya memikirkan nenek saya, tentu ia berpikir semua cucunya istimewa.

of course she would think all her grandkids were special.

Kakek saya dipenjara saat larangan alkohol masih berlaku.

My grandfather was in prison during prohibition.

Paman saya meninggal karena penyakit minuman keras.

My male uncles died of alcohol-related diseases.

Ini hal yang menurut nenek saya perlu dipegang komitmennya.

And these were the things she thought we needed to commit to.

Well, I've been trying to say something about our criminal justice system.

Saya ingin mengatakan sesuatu

tentang sistem pengadilan kriminal kita.

Negara ini sangat berbeda sekarang ini

This country is very different today than it was 40 years ago.

dibandingkan 40 tahun lalu.

In 1972, there were 300,000 people in jails and prisons.

Tahun 1972, ada 300.000 orang di penjara.

Today, there are 2.3 million.

Kini, ada 2,3 juta.

The United States now has the highest rate of incarceration

Saat ini Amerika Serikat memiliki tingkat penahanan tertinggi di dunia.

in the world.

We have seven million people on probation and parole.

Ada tujuh juta orang dalam masa percobaan dan pembebasan bersyarat.

And mass incarceration, in my judgment,

Dan penahanan massal, menurut saya,

has fundamentally changed our world.

secara mendasar telah mengubah dunia kita.

Dalam masyarakat miskin, dan masyarakat kulit berwarna

In poor communities, in communities of color,

there is this despair,

ada keputusasaan,

there is this hopelessness

ada ketidakberdayaan,

that is being shaped by these outcomes.

yang dibentuk dari situasi semacam ini.

One out of three Black men between the ages of 18 and 30

Satu dari tiga pria kulit hitam

antara 18 hingga 30 tahun berada di penjara,

is in jail, in prison, on probation or parole.

dalam masa percobaan, atau pembebasan bersyarat.

In urban communities across this country --

Pada masyarakat kota di penjuru negeri,

Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington --

Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington,

50 sampai 60 persen orang muda kulit berwarna

50 to 60 percent of all young men of color

berada di penjara, dalam masa percobaan, atau pembebasan bersyarat.

are in jail or prison

or on probation or parole.

Our system isn't just being shaped in these ways

Sistem kita tidak hanya dibentuk

dalam situasi yang sepertinya menyimpang di seputar masalah ras,

that seem to be distorting around race,

they're also distorted by poverty.

namun juga pada kemiskinan.

We have a system of justice in this country

Sistem pengadilan kita di negara ini

that treats you much better if you're rich and guilty

memperlakukan Anda lebih baik

jika Anda kaya dan bersalah daripada jika Anda miskin dan tidak bersalah.

than if you're poor and innocent.

Wealth, not culpability, shapes outcomes.

Kekayaan, bukan kejahatan,

menentukan hasilnya.

And yet, we seem to be very comfortable.

Namun, sepertinya kita tidak masalah.

The politics of fear and anger have made us believe

Politik ketakutan dan kemarahan telah membuat kita percaya

that these are problems that are not our problems.

bahwa ini adalah masalah yang bukan masalah kita.

We've been disconnected.

Kita telah terputuskan darinya.

Ini menarik bagi saya.

It's interesting to me.

We're looking at some very interesting developments in our work.

Kami melihat perkembangan menarik dalam pekerjaan kami.

Di negara bagian saya, Alabama, seperti negara bagian lain,

My state of Alabama, like a number of states,

actually permanently disenfranchises you if you have a criminal conviction.

mencabut permanen hak pilih Anda

jika Anda seorang kriminal.

Saat ini di Alabama

Right now in Alabama,

34 persen populasi pria kulit hitam

34 percent of the Black male population has permanently lost the right to vote.

secara permanen telah kehilangan hak pilih.

We're actually projecting that in another 10 years,

Kami memproyeksikan dalam 10 tahun ke depan

tingkat pencabutan hak pilih akan sama tingginya seperti saat

the level of disenfranchisement will be as high as it's been

since prior to the passage of the Voting Rights Act.

sebelum diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Hak Suara.

And there is this stunning silence.

Dan ada kesunyian hebat.

I represent children.

Saya mewakili anak-anak.

Sebagian besar klien saya masih amat muda.

A lot of my clients are very young.

The United States is the only country in the world

Amerika satu-satunya negara di dunia

di mana kita menghukum anak 13 tahun

where we sentence 13-year-old children

mati di penjara.

to die in prison.

We have life imprisonment without parole for kids in this country.

Ada hukuman seumur hidup tanpa pembebasan bersyarat

untuk anak-anak di negeri ini.

Dan proses peradilannya benar-benar dilakukan.

And we're actually doing some litigation.

The only country in the world.

Satu-satunya negara di dunia.

I represent people on death row.

Saya mewakili orang yang dihukum mati.

It's interesting, this question of the death penalty.

Pertanyaan soal hukuman mati menarik.

In many ways, we've been taught to think that the real question is:

Di berbagai hal, kita diajarkan berpikir

pertanyaan sebenarnya adalah,

apa orang pantas mati untuk kejahatan yang mereka lakukan?

Do people deserve to die for the crimes they've committed?

And that's a very sensible question.

Dan itu adalah pertanyaan yang sangat masuk akal.

But there's another way of thinking about where we are in our identity.

Namun, ada cara berpikir lain tentang posisi identitas kita.

Cara lain memandangnya

The other way of thinking about it is not:

bukan apakah orang pantas mati untuk kejahatan mereka,

Do people deserve to die for the crimes they commit?,

but: Do we deserve to kill?

namun apakah kita pantas untuk membunuh?

Ini sangat menarik.

I mean, it's fascinating.

Hukuman mati di Amerika adalah berdasarkan eror.

Death penalty in America is defined by error.

For every nine people who have been executed,

Dari sembilan orang yang telah dieksekusi,

we've actually identified one innocent person

sebenarnya teridentifikasi satu yang tidak bersalah

yang telah bebas tuduhan dan dilepaskan dari hukuman mati.

who's been exonerated and released from death row.

A kind of astonishing error rate --

Tingkat eror yang mencengangkan

satu dari sembilan orang tidak bersalah.

one out of nine people, innocent.

I mean, it's fascinating.

Ini menarik.

Di penerbangan, kita tak akan pernah mengizinkan orang naik pesawat

In aviation, we would never let people fly on airplanes

if, for every nine planes that took off,

jika setiap sembilan pesawat yang terbang satu akan jatuh.

one would crash.

(Laughter)

But somehow, we can insulate ourselves from this problem.

Tetapi, entah bagaimana kita dapat membuat pengecualian untuk masalah ini.

It's not our problem.

Ini bukan masalah kita.

It's not our burden.

Itu bukan beban kita.

It's not our struggle.

Itu bukan pergulatan kita.

I talk a lot about these issues.

Saya bicara banyak tentang hal ini.

I talk about race

Saya membicarakan ras dan pertanyaan ini

and this question of whether we deserve to kill.

apakah kita berhak membunuh.

And it's interesting,

Dan menarik, saat saya mengajar tentang sejarah Afrika-Amerika.

when I teach my students about African American history,

Saya menceritakan perbudakan.

I tell them about slavery.

Saya menceritakan terorisme,

I tell them about terrorism,

era yang dimulai di akhir sebuah rekonstruksi

the era that began at the end of reconstruction

that went on to World War II.

sampai Perang Dunia II.

We don't really know very much about it.

Kita tak tahu banyak tentang itu.

But for African Americans in this country,

Tapi bagi Afrika-Amerika di negara ini,

that was an era defined by terror.

itu adalah era yang dibentuk oleh teror.

In many communities, people had to worry about being lynched.

Di banyak tempat, orang khawatir akan digantung.

Mereka khawatir akan dibom.

They had to worry about being bombed.

Ancaman terorlah yang membentuk hidup mereka.

It was the threat of terror that shaped their lives.

Dan orang-orang tua datang pada saya

And these older people come up to me now and say,

dan berkata, "Tn. Stevenson, Anda berceramah, berpidato,

"Mr. Stevenson, you give talks, you make speeches,

mintalah orang-orang berhenti mengatakan

you tell people to stop saying we're dealing with terrorism

kita berurusan dengan terorisme pertama kalinya dalam sejarah

for the first time in our nation's history after 9/11."

setelah 9/11."

They tell me to say, "No, tell them that we grew up with that."

Mereka minta saya berkata, "Katakan kami tumbuh dengan itu."

Dan era terorisme itu, tentu saja,

And that era of terrorism, of course, was followed by segregation

diikuti oleh pemisahan

and decades of racial subordination

dan puluhan tahun marginalisasi ras

and apartheid.

dan apartheid.

And yet, we have in this country

Sementara itu ada dinamika di negara kita

this dynamic where we really don't like to talk about our problems.

di mana kita benar-benar tidak suka membicarakan masalah kita.

Kita tidak suka membicarakan sejarah kita.

We don't like to talk about our history.

And because of that, we really haven't understood

Karena itu, kita belum paham betul

what it's meant to do the things we've done historically.

apa artinya melakukan semua yang telah dilakukan dalam sejarah.

We're constantly running into each other.

Kita terus-menerus saling bertemu.

Kita terus-menerus menciptakan ketegangan dan konflik.

We're constantly creating tensions and conflicts.

We have a hard time talking about race,

Kita sulit membicarakan ras,

and I believe it's because we are unwilling to commit ourselves

dan saya percaya itu karena kita tidak mau berkomitmen

to a process of truth and reconciliation.

pada proses kebenaran dan rekonsiliasi.

In South Africa,

Di Afrika Selatan, orang mengerti

people understood that we couldn't overcome apartheid

bahwa apartheid tidak dapat diatasi

tanpa komitmen pada kebenaran dan rekonsiliasi.

without a commitment to truth and reconciliation.

In Rwanda, even after the genocide, there was this commitment.

Di Rwanda, bahkan setelah genosida, ada suatu komitmen

But in this country, we haven't done that.

tapi di negara ini, kita belum melakukannya.

I was giving some lectures in Germany about the death penalty.

Saya pernah mengajar di Jerman tentang hukuman mati.

It was fascinating,

Sangat menakjubkan karena salah satu mahasiswa berdiri setelah presentasi

because one of the scholars stood up after the presentation

dan berkata, "Sangat meresahkan mendengarkan yang Anda bicarakan."

and said, "Well, you know, it's deeply troubling

to hear what you're talking about."

He said, "We don't have the death penalty in Germany,

Ia bilang, "Tak ada hukuman mati di Jerman.

and of course, we can never have the death penalty in Germany."

"Dan tentunya, tidak akan pernah ada hukuman mati di Jerman."

And the room got very quiet,

Lalu seluruh ruangan terdiam,

and this woman said,

dan perempuan ini berkata,

"There's no way, with our history,

"Tidak mungkin, dalam sejarah kami,

kami terlibat dalam pembunuhan manusia yang sistematis.

we could ever engage in the systematic killing of human beings.

It would be unconscionable for us

Itu hal yang tidak berbudi bagi kami

untuk secara sengaja dan direncanakan,

to, in an intentional and deliberate way,

mengatur eksekusi manusia."

set about executing people."

Dan saya memikirkan hal itu.

And I thought about that.

Bagaimana rasanya hidup di dunia

What would it feel like to be living in a world

where the nation-state of Germany was executing people,

di suatu negara bagian Jerman mengeksekusi manusia,

especially if they were disproportionately Jewish?

terutama jika mereka adalah Yahudi?

Saya tak dapat membayangkannya.

I couldn't bear it.

It would be unconscionable.

Itu sangat tak berbudi.

And yet, in this country,

Tetapi di negara ini,

di negara-negara bagian wilayah selatan,

in the states of the Old South,

kita mengeksekusi orang,

we execute people --

yang 11 kali berpeluang dihukum mati jika korbannya kulit putih daripada hitam,

where you're 11 times more likely to get the death penalty

if the victim is white than if the victim is Black,

peluangnya 22 kali lebih besar

22 times more likely to get it

jika terpidana berkulit hitam dan korbannya kulit putih,

if the defendant is Black and the victim is white --

di negara bagian yang sama di mana terkubur

in the very states where there are, buried in the ground,

mayat orang-orang yang dihukum gantung.

the bodies of people who were lynched.

Namun, ada putusnya hubungan.

And yet, there is this disconnect.

Well, I believe that our identity is at risk,

Saya percaya bahwa identitas kita dalam bahaya.

that when we actually don't care about these difficult things,

Saat kita tidak peduli

tentang hal-hal yang sulit ini,

the positive and wonderful things are nonetheless implicated.

hal yang positif dan indah

bagaimanapun juga akan terkena dampaknya.

We love innovation.

Kita suka inovasi.

We love technology. We love creativity.

Kita suka teknologi. Kita suka kreativitas.

We love entertainment.

Kita suka hiburan.

But ultimately,

Namun, akhirnya realitas itu

those realities are shadowed by suffering,

dibayang-bayangi penderitaan,

abuse, degradation,

penyiksaan, degradasi,

marginalization.

marginalisasi.

And for me, it becomes necessary to integrate the two,

Bagi saya, sangat penting untuk mengintegrasikan keduanya.

because ultimately, we are talking about a need to be more hopeful,

Karena pada akhirnya,

kita bicara tentang pentingnya untuk lebih berharap,

more committed, more dedicated

lebih berkomitmen, lebih berdedikasi

to the basic challenges of living in a complex world.

pada tantangan dasar untuk hidup dalam dunia yang kompleks.

Bagi saya itu artinya

And for me, that means

spending time thinking and talking about the poor, the disadvantaged,

menyisihkan waktu, berpikir, dan berbicara tentang kemiskinan, ketidakberuntungan,

those who will never get to TED,

mereka yang tak akan pernah datang ke TED.

but thinking about them in a way that is integrated in our own lives.

Namun, dengan cara berpikir

yang terintegrasi dalam kehidupan kita.

You know, ultimately, we all have to believe things we haven't seen.

Pada akhirnya, kita semua harus percaya pada yang belum pernah terlihat.

We do.

Tentu saja. Dengan rasional, komitmen, dan kecerdasan kita.

As rational as we are, as committed to intellect as we are,

innovation, creativity, development

Inovasi, kreativitas,

perkembangan terjadi bukan dari ide kita sendiri.

comes not from the ideas in our mind alone.

They come from the ideas in our mind

Tetapi, datang dari ide kita yang juga didorong oleh keyakinan dalam hati kita.

that are also fueled by some conviction in our heart.

And it's that mind-heart connection that I believe compels us

Dan hubungan antara pikiran dan hati ini

yang saya yakin mendorong kita

tidak hanya supaya lebih perhatian

to not just be attentive to all the bright and dazzly things,

pada hal-hal yang cemerlang dan menakjubkan,

namun juga pada hal-hal yang kelam dan sulit.

but also the dark and difficult things.

Václav Havel, the great Czech leader, talked about this.

Vaclav Havel, pemimpin besar Ceko, bicara tentang ini.

He said, "When we were in Eastern Europe and dealing with oppression,

Katanya, "Saat kami di Eropa Timur dan menghadapi tekanan,

kami menginginkan berbagai hal,

we wanted all kinds of things.

But mostly what we needed was hope,

namun yang terutama dibutuhkan adalah harapan,

an orientation of the spirit,

suatu orientasi semangat,

a willingness to sometimes be in hopeless places

kesediaan untuk terkadang berada di keputusasaan

dan menjadi saksi."

and be a witness."

Well, that orientation of the spirit is very much at the core of what I believe

Orientasi pada semangat itulah

inti dari hal yang saya percayai

bahkan komunitas TED harus dilibatkan di sana.

even TED communities have to be engaged in.

There is no disconnect around technology and design

Selalu ada hubungan

antara teknologi dan desain

that will allow us to be fully human

yang memungkinkan kita untuk menjadi manusia seutuhnya

until we pay attention to suffering,

sampai kita memperhatikan penderitaan,

to poverty, to exclusion, to unfairness, to injustice.

kemiskinan, pengucilan, kecurangan, ketidakadilan.

Now, I will warn you

Kini saya peringatkan Anda

that this kind of identity is a much more challenging identity

bahwa identitas semacam ini

adalah identitas yang lebih menantang

than ones that don't pay attention to this.

daripada yang mengabaikan penderitaan itu.

It will get to you.

Ini akan menyentuh Anda.

I had the great privilege, when I was a young lawyer,

Saya mendapat keistimewaan, waktu masih pengacara muda, bertemu Rosa Parks.

of meeting Rosa Parks.

And Ms. Parks used to come back to Montgomery every now and then,

Ny. Parks terkadang kembali ke Montgomery,

dan ia akan berkumpul dengan dua sahabatnya,

and she would get together with two of her dearest friends,

wanita yang lebih berumur,

these older women,

Johnnie Carr yang mengatur pemboikotan bus di Montgomery,

Johnnie Carr, who was the organizer of the Montgomery bus boycott --

seorang wanita Afrika-Amerika yang hebat,

amazing African American woman --

and Virginia Durr, a white woman,

dan Virginia Durr, wanita kulit putih

whose husband, Clifford Durr, represented Dr. King.

yang suaminya, Clifford Durr, menjadi pengacara Dr. King.

And these women would get together and just talk.

Dan mereka berkumpul dan hanya berbincang saja.

And every now and then Ms. Carr would call me,

Terkadang Ny. Carr menelepon saya,

and she'd say, "Bryan, Ms. Parks is coming to town.

dan bilang, "Bryan, Ny. Parks ada di kota. Kami akan berkumpul dan berbincang.

We're going to get together and talk. Do you want to come over and listen?"

Kau mau datang dan mendengarkan?"

And I'd say, "Yes, ma'am, I do."

Saya jawab, "Baik, Bu. Saya mau."

Katanya, "Kau mau apa nanti di sini?"

She'd say, "What are you going to do when you get here?"

Saya jawab, "Saya akan dengarkan."

I said, "I'm going to listen."

Saya ke sana dan saya hanya mendengarkan.

And I'd go over there and I would, I'd just listen.

Itu sangat menyegarkan dan menguatkan.

It would be so energizing and so empowering.

Suatu kali saya di sana dan mendengarkan mereka berbincang,

And one time I was over there listening to these women talk,

dan setelah beberapa jam Ny. Parks menoleh

and after a couple of hours, Ms. Parks turned to me and said,

dan berkata, "Bryan, katakan mengenai Equal Justice Initiative.

"Bryan, tell me what the Equal Justice Initiative is.

Ceritakan yang kau upayakan."

Tell me what you're trying to do."

Dan saya mulai nge-rap.

And I began giving her my rap.

Saya bilang, "Kami berupaya untuk menantang ketidakadilan,

"We're trying to challenge injustice.

menolong orang yang dituduh dengan tidak benar,

We're trying to help people who have been wrongly convicted.

mengkonfrontasi bias dan diskriminasi dalam proses pengadilan kriminal,

We're trying to confront bias and discrimination

in the administration of criminal justice.

mengakhiri hukuman mati tanpa pembebasan bersyarat bagi anak-anak,

We're trying to end life without parole sentences for children.

melakukan sesuatu tentang hukuman mati,

We're trying to do something about the death penalty.

mengurangi populasi penjara,

We're trying to reduce the prison population.

mengakhiri penahanan massal."

Saya nge-rap sepuasnya, setelah itu ia memandang saya

We're trying to end mass incarceration."

I gave her my whole rap, and when I finished she looked at me

dan berkata, "Mmm mmm mmm."

and she said, "Mmm mmm mmm.

Katanya, "Itu akan membuat kau lelah, lelah, lelah."

That's going to make you tired, tired, tired."

(Tawa)

(Laughter)

And that's when Ms. Carr leaned forward, she put her finger in my face,

Ny. Carr mencondongkan badannya, menyentuh wajah saya dengan jarinya,

katanya, "Itu sebabnya kau harus berani, berani, berani."

she said, "That's why you've got to be brave, brave, brave."

Dan saya benar-benar percaya bahwa komunitas TED

And I actually believe that the TED community

needs to be more courageous.

harus lebih bernyali.

We need to find ways to embrace these challenges,

Kita perlu mencari cara

untuk merangkul tantangan ini,

masalah ini, penderitaan ini.

these problems, the suffering.

Because ultimately, our humanity depends on everyone's humanity.

Karena pada akhirnya, kemanusiaan kita bergantung

pada kemanusiaan semua orang.

I've learned very simple things doing the work that I do.

Saya belajar hal sederhana dalam pekerjaan saya.

Hal yang sangat sederhana.

It's just taught me very simple things.

Saya menjadi mengerti dan percaya

I've come to understand and to believe

bahwa setiap orang bernilai lebih dari hal yang terburuk yang pernah dilakukan.

that each of us is more than the worst thing we've ever done.

I believe that for every person on the planet.

Saya percaya ini berlaku untuk setiap orang di Bumi.

I think if somebody tells a lie, they're not just a liar.

Saya pikir jika seseorang berbohong, mereka bukan hanya pembohong.

I think if somebody takes something that doesn't belong to them,

Jika ada yang mengambil sesuatu yang bukan miliknya,

mereka bukan hanya pencuri.

they're not just a thief.

Bahkan membunuh seseorang, Anda bukan hanya pembunuh.

I think even if you kill someone, you're not just a killer.

And because of that, there's this basic human dignity

Dan karena di situ ada martabat manusia yang mendasar

yang harus dihormati oleh hukum.

that must be respected by law.

I also believe

Saya juga percaya

that in many parts of this country,

bahwa di banyak wilayah negara ini,

and certainly in many parts of this globe,

dan pastinya di banyak wilayah dunia ini,

that the opposite of poverty is not wealth.

lawan dari kemiskinan bukanlah kemakmuran.

Saya tidak percaya itu.

I don't believe that.

I actually think, in too many places,

Menurut saya, di banyak tempat,

lawan dari kemiskinan adalah keadilan.

the opposite of poverty is justice.

And finally, I believe

Dan akhirnya, saya percaya

that, despite the fact that it is so dramatic and so beautiful

bahwa, betapapun dramatisnya

indah, dan menginspirasi,

and so inspiring and so stimulating,

serta menstimulasi,

we will ultimately not be judged by our technology,

pada akhirnya kita tidak dinilai dari teknologi,

we won't be judged by our design,

kita tidak dinilai dari desain yang kita buat,

we won't be judged by our intellect and reason.

kita tidak dinilai dari kecerdasan atau alasan kita.

Ultimately, you judge the character of a society

Pada akhirnya, Anda akan menilai karakter dari masyarakat,

not by how they treat their rich and the powerful and the privileged,

bukan dari perlakuan terhadap yang kaya, berkuasa, dan istimewa,

namun dari cara mereka memperlakukan yang miskin,

but by how they treat the poor,

the condemned,

yang terhukum, yang dipenjara.

the incarcerated.

Because it's in that nexus

Karena dalam keterikatan itulah

kita mulai memahami hal-hal yang mendalam

that we actually begin to understand truly profound things

tentang siapa kita sebenarnya.

about who we are.

I sometimes get out of balance.

Kadang saya tak seimbang. Saya akhiri dengan kisah ini.

I'll end with this story.

Terkadang saya terlalu memaksakan.

I sometimes push too hard.

I do get tired, as we all do.

Saya terkadang lelah, seperti layaknya kita semua.

Sometimes those ideas get ahead of our thinking

Terkadang ide-ide itu mendahului pikiran kita

in ways that are important.

dalam arti yang penting.

And I've been representing these kids

Saya mewakili anak-anak ini

yang telah dikenakan hukuman yang sangat berat.

who have been sentenced to these very harsh sentences.

And I go to the jail and I see my client, who's 13 and 14,

Dan saya pergi ke penjara dan bertemu klien yang berusia 13 dan 14,

and he's been certified to stand trial as an adult.

dan telah dilegalkan untuk diadili sebagai dewasa.

I start thinking, well, how did that happen?

Saya mulai berpikir, bagaimana ini bisa terjadi?

Bagaimana hakim bisa mengubah Anda menjadi yang bukan diri Anda?

How can a judge turn you into something that you're not?

And the judge has certified him as an adult, but I see this kid.

Hakim membuatnya sah sebagai dewasa, padahal ia masih anak-anak.

And I was up too late one night and I started thinking,

Suatu malam saya terbangun dan berpikir,

jika hakim bisa ubah Anda menjadi yang bukan diri Anda,

well, if the judge can turn you into something you're not,

hakim itu pasti punya kekuatan ajaib.

the judge must have magic power.

Yeah, Bryan, the judge has some magic power.

Ya, Bryan, hakim itu punya kekuatan ajaib.

You should ask for some of that.

Kau harus minta sebagiannya.

And because I was up too late and wasn't thinking real straight,

Dan karena itu larut malam, saya tak berpikir jernih,

saya mulai mengerjakan mosi.

I started working on a motion.

Ada klien saya usia 14 tahun, anak kulit hitam muda dan miskin.

I had a client who was 14 years old, a young, poor Black kid.

Saya mulai kerjakan mosi ini,

And I started working on this motion, and the head of the motion was:

dan judul mosinya adalah: "Mosi untuk mengadili

"Motion to try my poor, 14-year-old Black male client

klien miskin saya, pria berkulit hitam 14 tahun

seperti seorang eksekutif korporat kulit putih 75 tahun dengan hak istimewa."

like a privileged, white, 75-year-old corporate executive."

(Laughter)

(Applause and cheers)

(Tepuk tangan)

Dan saya cantumkan dalam mosi itu

And I put in my motion that there was prosecutorial misconduct

bahwa ada kesalahan tuntutan, kesalahan polisi, dan kesalahan yudisial.

and police misconduct and judicial misconduct.

Ada batas gila tentang tiadanya tata cara di negara ini

There was a crazy line in there

about how there's no conduct in this county, it's all misconduct.

semuanya adalah kesalahan.

Esoknya saya bangun dan berpikir, apa saya mimpi tentang mosi gila itu,

And the next morning, I woke up and I thought,

now, did I dream that crazy motion, or did I actually write it?

atau benar-benar saya tulis?

Ngerinya, saya tak hanya menulisnya,

And to my horror, not only had I written it,

tetapi sudah mengirimkannya ke pengadilan.

but I had sent it to court.

(Applause)

(Applause)

A couple months went by,

Beberapa bulan berlalu,

and I just had forgotten all about it.

dan saya telah melupakan hal itu.

Dan saya akhirnya memutuskan,

And I finally decided,

saya harus ke pengadilan dan menangani kasus gila ini.

"Gosh, I've got to go to the court and do this crazy case."

And I got in my car, and I was feeling really overwhelmed -- overwhelmed.

Saya masuk ke mobil dan saya merasa sangat terbebani.

And I got in my car and went to this courthouse.

Saya masuk ke mobil dan menuju ke pengadilan.

And I was thinking, this is going to be so difficult, so painful.

Saya berpikir, ini akan sangat sulit dan menyakitkan.

And I finally got out of the car and started walking up to the courthouse.

Akhirnya saya keluar mobil dan mulai berjalan ke pengadilan.

Ketika saya mulai menaiki anak tangga,

And as I was walking up the steps,

ada pria tua berkulit hitam petugas kebersihan di pengadilan ini.

there was an older Black man who was the janitor in this courthouse.

Waktu ia melihat saya, ia menghampiri saya

When this man saw me, he came over and said, "Who are you?"

dan berkata, "Siapa Anda?"

Saya bilang, "Saya pengacara." Katanya, "Pengacara?" Saya jawab, "Betul."

I said, "I'm a lawyer." He said, "You're a lawyer?" I said, "Yes, sir."

And this man came over to me, and he hugged me.

Dan ia mendekat pada saya

dan memeluk saya.

And he whispered in my ear.

Ia berbisik pada saya.

Katanya, "Saya sangat bangga padamu."

He said, "I'm so proud of you."

And I have to tell you, it was energizing.

Saya harus katakan,

itu sangat menyegarkan.

It connected deeply with something in me

Itu menghubungkan secara mendalam sesuatu dalam diri saya tentang identitas,

about identity,

about the capacity of every person to contribute to community,

tentang kapasitas setiap orang untuk ikut berkontribusi

dalam masyarakat, dari sudut pandang yang penuh harapan.

to a perspective that is hopeful.

Well, I went into the courtroom.

Saya masuk ruang pengadilan. Begitu saya masuk, hakim melihat saya.

And as soon as I walked in, the judge saw me coming.

Katanya, "Tn. Stevenson, Anda yang menulis mosi gila ini?"

He said, "Mr. Stevenson, did you write this crazy motion?"

"Betul. Saya yang tulis." Dan kami mulai berdebat.

I said, "Yes, sir. I did." And we started arguing.

Dan orang mulai masuk karena marah, saya telah menulis sesuatu yang gila ini.

And people started coming in,

just outraged I'd written these crazy things.

And police officers were coming in

Polisi juga masuk ke ruangan,

asisten jaksa dan petugas administrasi.

and assistant prosecutors and clerk workers.

Tiba-tiba, ruang pengadilan penuh dengan orang yang marah

Before I knew it, the courtroom was filled with people

karena kami bicara soal ras,

angry that we were talking about race,

kami bicara soal kemiskinan,

that we were talking about poverty, talking about inequality.

kami bicara soal kesenjangan.

Dari sudut mata, saya bisa lihat si petugas kebersihan mondar-mandir.

And out of the corner of my eye, I could see this janitor pacing back and forth.

Ia mengintip dari jendela dan mendengar teriakan ini.

He kept looking through the window and could hear all the holler.

Ia terus mondar-mandir.

Akhirnya, pria tua kulit hitam ini dengan wajah yang sangat khawatir,

And finally, this older Black man with a very worried look on his face

came into the courtroom and sat behind me, almost at counsel table.

masuk ke ruang pengadilan dan duduk di belakang saya,

sangat dekat dengan meja penasehat.

Ten minutes later, the judge said we'd take a break.

Sekitar 10 menit, hakim memutuskan untuk jeda

Selama jeda, ada petugas yang merasa tersinggung

During the break, there was a deputy sheriff who was offended

petugas kebersihan masuk ke ruang pengadilan.

that the janitor had come into court.

Ia sontak menghampiri pria tua kulit hitam ini.

The deputy jumped up and ran over to this older Black man.

He said, "Jimmy, what are you doing in this courtroom?"

Katanya, "Jimmy, kau mau apa di ruang pengadilan ini?"

Dan pria hitam tua itu berdiri,

And this older Black man stood up and looked at that deputy

memandang ke petugas itu dan memandang saya,

and he looked at me,

and he said, "I came into this courtroom to tell this young man,

katanya, "Saya masuk ke ruang pengadilan ini

untuk mengatakan pada anak muda ini,

fokuslah pada hasilnya, bertahanlah."

'Keep your eyes on the prize, hold on.'"

I've come to TED

Saya datang ke TED karena saya percaya

because I believe that many of you understand

banyak dari Anda memahami

that the moral arc of the universe is long,

bahwa busur moral alam semesta itu panjang,

but it bends toward justice;

tetapi ia bengkok pada keadilan.

that we cannot be full, evolved human beings

Kita tak dapat menjadi manusia yang sepenuhnya berevolusi

sampai kita peduli pada hak asasi dan martabat dasar manusia.

until we care about human rights and basic dignity;

that all of our survival is tied to the survival of everyone;

Bahwa kelangsungan hidup kita

terikat pada kelangsungan hidup setiap orang.

that our visions of technology and design

Bahwa visi kita terhadap teknologi dan desain

and entertainment and creativity

serta hiburan dan kreativitas

harus bersatu dengan visi-visi

have to be married with visions of humanity, compassion and justice.

kemanusiaan, kasih, dan keadilan.

And more than anything, for those of you who share that,

Dan lebih dari itu,

untuk Anda yang membagikannya,

I've simply come to tell you

saya katakan saja pada Anda

to keep your eyes on the prize, hold on.

untuk fokus kepada hasilnya, bertahanlah.

Thank you very much.

Terima kasih banyak.

(Applause and cheers)

(Tepuk tangan)

Chris Anderson: Brian, so you heard and saw

Chris Anderson: Jadi Anda mendengar dan melihat

an obvious desire by this audience, this community,

hasrat yang jelas dari para hadirin, di komunitas ini,

to help you on your way and to do something on this issue.

untuk membantu Anda berjuang dan melakukan sesuatu untuk masalah ini.

Other than writing a check,

Selain menuliskan cek,

apa yang dapat kami lakukan?

what could we do?

BS: Well, there are opportunities all around us.

BS: Ada banyak peluang di sekitar kita.

If you live in the state of California, for example,

Di negara bagian California, misalnya,

ada referendum di musim semi ini

there's a referendum coming up this spring

where there's going to be an effort to redirect some of the money we spend

di mana akan ada upaya

untuk merancang ulang dana yang dianggarkan pada politik penghukuman.

on the politics of punishment.

Contohnya, di California ini

For example, here in California,

kami menganggarkan satu miliar dolar

we're going to spend one billion dollars

on the death penalty in the next five years --

pada hukuman mati di lima tahun mendatang,

one billion dollars.

satu miliar dollar.

And yet, 46 percent of all homicide cases don't result in arrest,

Namun, 46 persen kasus pembunuhan

tidak berakhir pada penangkapan.

56 percent of all rape cases don't result.

56 persen kasus perkosaan tidak ada hasilnya.

Jadi ada peluang untuk mengubahnya.

So there's an opportunity to change that.

Dan referendum ini mengusulkan agar dana itu

And this referendum would propose

having those dollars go to law enforcement and safety.

disalurkan untuk penegakan hukum dan keamanan.

Dan saya kira peluang itu ada di sekitar kita.

And I think that opportunity exists all around us.

CA: There's been this huge decline in crime in America

CA: Ada penurunan yang sangat tajam

pada tingkat kriminalitas di Amerika selama tiga dekade ini.

over the last three decades.

And part of the narrative of that

Dan sebagian penyebabnya

is sometimes that it's about increased incarceration rates.

diyakini adalah naiknya tingkat penangkapan.

Anda akan bilang apa pada orang yang percaya itu?

What would you say to someone who believed that?

BS: Well, actually, the violent crime rate has remained relatively stable.

BS: Sebenarnya tingkat kriminalitas selama ini relatif stabil.

Peningkatan besar pada penangkapan massal di negara ini

The great increase in mass incarceration in this country

wasn't really in violent crime categories.

bukan berada di kategori kriminalitas kekerasan.

Tetapi, labih banyak di malpraktik perang narkoba.

It was this misguided war on drugs.

That's where the dramatic increases have come

Di situlah peningkatan drastisnya,

in our prison population.

di dalam populasi penjara.

(Applause)

And we got carried away with the rhetoric of punishment.

Dan kita terbawa pada retorika penghukuman.

And so we have "Three Strikes" laws

Jadi ada hukum three strikes law

that put people in prison forever

yang memenjarakan orang seumur hidup

for stealing a bicycle, for low-level property crimes,

karena mencuri sepeda, untuk pencurian tingkat rendah,

rather than making them give those resources back

alih-alih membuat mereka mengembalikan barang curian

to the people who they victimized.

kepada orang yang menjadi korban.

I believe we need to do more

Saya yakin harus ada upaya lebih

to help people who are victimized by crime,

untuk menolong korban kriminalitas, bukan sebaliknya.

not do less.

Menurut saya, filosofi penghukuman kita saat ini

And I think our current punishment philosophy

does nothing for no one.

tidak menguntungkan siapa pun.

And I think that's the orientation that we have to change.

Dan saya rasa itulah orientasi yang harus kita ubah.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

CA: Bryan, you've struck a massive chord here.

CA: Bryan, ceramah Anda sungguh menggugah.

Anda sungguh menginspirasi.

You're an inspiring person.

Thank you so much for coming to TED. Thank you.

Terima kasih banyak sudah datang ke TED. Terima kasih.

(Applause and cheers)

(Tepuk tangan)

BS: Thank you. Thank you.

(Applause and cheers)