Allan Adams: The discovery that could rewrite physics

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Anca Dimovska

If you look deep into the night sky,

Ako se duboko zagledate u nebo noću,

vidite zvezde,

you see stars,

and if you look further, you see more stars,

ako pogledate dalje, videćete još zvezda,

and further, galaxies, and further, more galaxies.

dalje su galaksije, a dalje od toga još galaksija.

But if you keep looking further and further,

Ali ako nastavite da gledate dalje i dalje,

eventually you see nothing for a long while,

u jednom trenutku nećete videti ništa neko vreme

and then finally you see a faint, fading afterglow,

i onda konačno vidite slab sjaj koji nestaje,

and it's the afterglow of the Big Bang.

to je sjaj koji prati Veliki prasak.

Now, the Big Bang was an era in the early universe

Veliki prasak je bio doba u ranom periodu univerzuma

when everything we see in the night sky

kada je sve što vidimo na noćnom nebu

was condensed into an incredibly small,

bilo zbijeno u neverovatno malu,

incredibly hot, incredibly roiling mass,

neverovatno vrelu, zamućenu masu

and from it sprung everything we see.

iz koje je nastalo sve što vidimo.

Now, we've mapped that afterglow

Taj prateći sjaj smo mapirali

with great precision,

sa velikom preciznošću,

and when I say we, I mean people who aren't me.

a kada kažem "mi", mislim na ljude koji nisu ja.

We've mapped the afterglow

Mapirali smo prateći sjaj

with spectacular precision,

sa spektakularnom preciznošću, i jedan od šokova je to

and one of the shocks about it

is that it's almost completely uniform.

što je skoro u potpunosti ujednačen.

Fourteen billion light years that way

14 milijardi svetlostnih godina u tom pravcu

and 14 billion light years that way,

i još toliko u drugom pravcu,

it's the same temperature.

temperatura je ista.

Now it's been 14 billion years

Prošlo je 14 milijardi godina

since that Big Bang,

od Velikog praska,

and so it's got faint and cold.

tako da je on oslabio i ohladio se.

It's now 2.7 degrees.

Sada je 2,7 stepeni.

But it's not exactly 2.7 degrees.

Ali nije tačno toliko.

It's only 2.7 degrees to about

Samo je 2,7 stepeni na otprilike

10 parts in a million.

deseti deo miliona.

Over here, it's a little hotter,

Ovde je malo vrelije,

and over there, it's a little cooler,

a tamo je malo hladnije,

and that's incredibly important to everyone in this room,

a to je veoma bitno za sve u ovoj prostoriji,

because where it was a little hotter,

jer tamo gde je malo vrelije,

there was a little more stuff,

tu je bilo malo više stvari,

and where there was a little more stuff,

a gde je bilo malo više stvari,

we have galaxies and clusters of galaxies

imali smo galaksije i skupove galaksija

and superclusters

i superskupove

and all the structure you see in the cosmos.

i svu strukturu koju vidite u kosmosu.

And those small, little, inhomogeneities,

Te malene nehomogenosti,

20 parts in a million,

20 delova miliona,

those were formed by quantum mechanical wiggles

to se formiralo mrdanjem u kvantnoj mehanici

in that early universe that were stretched

u tom ranom univerzumu, i to se razvuklo

across the size of the entire cosmos.

preko dužine celog kosmosa.

That is spectacular,

To je spektakularno

and that's not what they found on Monday;

i to nisu pronašli u ponedeljak,

what they found on Monday is cooler.

ono što su tad pronašli je još više kul.

So here's what they found on Monday:

Ovo su otkrili tada:

Imagine you take a bell,

zamislite da uzmete zvono

and you whack the bell with a hammer.

i udarite ga čekićem.

What happens? It rings.

Šta se dešava? Ono zvoni.

But if you wait, that ringing fades

Ali ako sačekate, ta zvonjava se utišava

and fades and fades

i polako slabi i slabi

until you don't notice it anymore.

dok je više ne primećujete.

Now, that early universe was incredibly dense,

Taj rani univerzum je bio neverovatno gust,

like a metal, way denser,

poput metala, i još gušći,

and if you hit it, it would ring,

i zvonio bi kada ga udarite,

but the thing ringing would be

ali ono što zvoni je bila

the structure of space-time itself,

sama struktura prostor-vreme,

and the hammer would be quantum mechanics.

a čekić bi bila kvantna mehanika.

What they found on Monday

U ponedeljak su otkrili

was evidence of the ringing

dokaz o zvonjavi

of the space-time of the early universe,

prostor-vreme ranog univerzuma,

what we call gravitational waves

ono što zovemo gravitacionim talasima

from the fundamental era,

iz fundamentalnog doba,

and here's how they found it.

a ovako su ih otkrili.

Those waves have long since faded.

Ti talasi su davno utihnuli.

If you go for a walk,

Ako se prošetate,

you don't wiggle.

nećete mrdati.

Those gravitational waves in the structure of space

Ti gravitacioni talasi u strukturi svemira

are totally invisible for all practical purposes.

su apsolutno nevidljivi za sve praktične primene.

But early on, when the universe was making

Ali u ranom vremenu kada je univerzum pravio

that last afterglow,

taj poslednji prateći sjaj,

the gravitational waves

gravitacioni talasi

put little twists in the structure

napravili su male vrtloge u strukturi

of the light that we see.

svetla koje vidimo.

So by looking at the night sky deeper and deeper --

Gledajući dublje i dublje u noćno nebo,

in fact, these guys spent three years on the South Pole

zapravo, ovi ljudi su proveli tri godine na Južnom polu

looking straight up through the coldest, clearest,

gledajući pravo gore kroz najhladniji, najjasniji

cleanest air they possibly could find

i najčistiji vazduh koji su mogli da nađu

looking deep into the night sky and studying

i gledaju duboko u noćno nebo i proučavajući

that glow and looking for the faint twists

taj sjaj i gledajući u blage vrtloge

which are the symbol, the signal,

koji su znak i signal

of gravitational waves,

gravitacionih talasa,

the ringing of the early universe.

zvonjave ranog univerzuma.

And on Monday, they announced

U ponedeljak su objavili

that they had found it.

da su ga našli.

And the thing that's so spectacular about that to me

Meni je tu spektakularna

is not just the ringing, though that is awesome.

ne samo zvonjava, iako je i to super.

The thing that's totally amazing,

Ono što je neverovatno,

the reason I'm on this stage, is because

razlog zbog kojeg sam ovde,

what that tells us is something deep about the early universe.

je što nam to kaže nešto duboko o ranom univerzumu.

It tells us that we

Kaže nam da smo mi

and everything we see around us

i sve oko nas

are basically one large bubble --

zapravo jedan veliki mehur -

and this is the idea of inflation—

i to je ova ideja naduvavanja -

one large bubble surrounded by something else.

jedan veliki mehur okružen nečim drugim.

This isn't conclusive evidence for inflation,

Ovo nisu konačni dokazi o tom naduvavanju,

but anything that isn't inflation that explains this

ali sve što nije naduvavanje a objašnjava ovo

will look the same.

će izgledati isto.

This is a theory, an idea,

Ovo je teorija, ideja koja postoji već neko vreme

that has been around for a while,

and we never thought we we'd really see it.

i nikada nismo mislili da ćemo je zaista videti.

For good reasons, we thought we'd never see

Iz dobrih razloga, mislili smo da nikada nećemo videti

killer evidence, and this is killer evidence.

odlične dokaze, a ovo je upravo to.

But the really crazy idea

Ali je zaista luda ideja

is that our bubble is just one bubble

da je naš mehur samo jedan mehur

in a much larger, roiling pot of universal stuff.

u puno većem, zamućenom kazanu stvari u univerzumu.

We're never going to see the stuff outside,

Nikada nećemo videti ono spolja,

but by going to the South Pole and spending three years

ali time što odemo na Južni pol i provedemo tri godine

looking at the detailed structure of the night sky,

posmatrajući detaljnu strukturu noćnog neba,

we can figure out

možemo da otkrijemo

that we're probably in a universe that looks kind of like that.

da smo verovatno u univerzumu koji je nalik tome.

And that amazes me.

I to me zapanjuje.

Thanks a lot.

Hvala vam mnogo.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)