Allan Adams: The discovery that could rewrite physics

Prevoditelj: Miroslav Rajter Recezent: Senzos Osijek

If you look deep into the night sky,

Ako pogledate duboko u noćno nebo

you see stars,

vidite zvijezde

and if you look further, you see more stars,

i ako pogledate dalje, vidite još zvijezda

and further, galaxies, and further, more galaxies.

i dalje galaksije, i dalje još galaksija.

But if you keep looking further and further,

Ali ako nastavite gledati sve dalje i dalje

eventually you see nothing for a long while,

vremenom nećete vidjeti ništa dugo vremena

and then finally you see a faint, fading afterglow,

i onda ćete vidjeti blagi odsjaj koji je sve slabiji

and it's the afterglow of the Big Bang.

i to je odsjaj Velikog Praska.

Now, the Big Bang was an era in the early universe

Veliki Prasak bila je era u ranom svemiru

when everything we see in the night sky

kada je sve što vidimo na noćnom nebu

was condensed into an incredibly small,

bilo stisnuto u nevjerojatno malu

incredibly hot, incredibly roiling mass,

nevjerojatno vruću, nevjerojatno zakovitlanu masu

and from it sprung everything we see.

i iz nje je izletilo sve što vidimo.

Now, we've mapped that afterglow

Mi smo napravili kartu tog odsjaja

with great precision,

s velikom preciznosti

and when I say we, I mean people who aren't me.

i kada kažem mi, mislim na ljude među kojima nisam ja.

We've mapped the afterglow

Mi smo napravili kartu odsjaja

with spectacular precision,

sa spektakulatnom preciznosti

and one of the shocks about it

i jedno od iznenađenja kod odsjaja

is that it's almost completely uniform.

je da je gotovo potpuno jednoličan.

Fourteen billion light years that way

Četrnaest milijardi svjetlosnih godina u ovom smjeru

and 14 billion light years that way,

i četrnaest milijardi svjetlosnih godina u onom smjeru,

it's the same temperature.

svugdje je ista temperatura.

Now it's been 14 billion years

Prošlo je trinaest milijardi godina

since that Big Bang,

od Velikog Praska

and so it's got faint and cold.

i tako je postao slab i hladan.

It's now 2.7 degrees.

Sada je 2,7 stupnjeva.

But it's not exactly 2.7 degrees.

Ali nije točno 2,7 stupnjeva.

It's only 2.7 degrees to about

Samo je 2,7 stupnjeva do otprilike

10 parts in a million.

deset dijelova u milijun.

Over here, it's a little hotter,

Ovdje je malo toplije,

and over there, it's a little cooler,

a ovdje je malo hladnije

and that's incredibly important to everyone in this room,

i to je nevjerojatno važno svima u ovoj sobi,

because where it was a little hotter,

jer tamo gdje je bilo malo toplije,

there was a little more stuff,

tamo je bilo više stvari,

and where there was a little more stuff,

i tamo gdje je bilo malo više stvari

we have galaxies and clusters of galaxies

imamo galaksije i skupine galaksija

and superclusters

i superklastere

and all the structure you see in the cosmos.

i sve strukture koje vidite u svemiru.

And those small, little, inhomogeneities,

I te male nejednakosti,

20 parts in a million,

dvadeset dijelova u milijun,

those were formed by quantum mechanical wiggles

one su formirane kvantno-mehaničkim klimanjima

in that early universe that were stretched

u tom ranom svemiru koje su bile rastegnute

across the size of the entire cosmos.

kroz veličinu cijelog svemira.

That is spectacular,

To je spektakularno

and that's not what they found on Monday;

i to nije ono što je otkriveno u ponedjeljak;

what they found on Monday is cooler.

ono što je otkriveno u ponedjeljak je još zanimljivije.

So here's what they found on Monday:

Dakle ovo je ono što je otkriveno u ponedjeljak;

Imagine you take a bell,

Zamislite da uzmete zvono,

and you whack the bell with a hammer.

i udarite zvono čekićem.

What happens? It rings.

Što se događa? Ono zvoni.

But if you wait, that ringing fades

Ali ako pričekate, zvonjenje slabi

and fades and fades

i slabi i slabi

until you don't notice it anymore.

sve dok ga više ne primjećujete.

Now, that early universe was incredibly dense,

Rani svemir bio je nevjerojatno gust,

like a metal, way denser,

poput metala, puno gušći,

and if you hit it, it would ring,

i ako ste ga udarili, on će zvoniti,

but the thing ringing would be

ali ono što će zvoniti će biti

the structure of space-time itself,

sama struktura prostor-vremena,

and the hammer would be quantum mechanics.

a čekić će biti kvantna mehanika.

What they found on Monday

Ono što je otkriveno u ponedjeljak

was evidence of the ringing

je dokaz zvonjenja

of the space-time of the early universe,

prostor-vremena u ranom svemiru,

what we call gravitational waves

što zovemo gravitacijskim valovima

from the fundamental era,

iz osnovne ere

and here's how they found it.

i ovo je kako je to otkriveno.

Those waves have long since faded.

Ti valovi su odavno oslabljeli.

If you go for a walk,

Ako odete u šetnju

you don't wiggle.

vi se ne klimate.

Those gravitational waves in the structure of space

Ti gravitacijski valovi u strukturi svemira

are totally invisible for all practical purposes.

su potpuno nevidljivi za bilo koji praktičnu svrhu.

But early on, when the universe was making

Ali u rano doba, kada je svemir radio

that last afterglow,

taj zadnji odsjaj,

the gravitational waves

gravitacijski valovi

put little twists in the structure

su napravili male zaokrete u strukturui

of the light that we see.

svjetla koje vidimo.

So by looking at the night sky deeper and deeper --

Tako gledajući u noćno nebo dublje i dublje --

in fact, these guys spent three years on the South Pole

zapravo, ti ljudi su proveli tri godine na Južnom polu

looking straight up through the coldest, clearest,

gledajući gore kroz najhladniji, najbistriji

cleanest air they possibly could find

i najčišći zrak koji su mogli pronaći

looking deep into the night sky and studying

gledajući duboko u noćno nebo i proučavajući

that glow and looking for the faint twists

taj odsjaj i tražeći blage zaokrete

which are the symbol, the signal,

koji su simbol, signal,

of gravitational waves,

gravitacijskih valova,

the ringing of the early universe.

zvonjava ranog svemira.

And on Monday, they announced

I u ponedjeljak, oni su objavili

that they had found it.

da su to pronašli.

And the thing that's so spectacular about that to me

I stvar koja je meni spektakulatna oko toga

is not just the ringing, though that is awesome.

nije samo zvonjava, iako je to super.

The thing that's totally amazing,

Stvar koja je toliko odlična,

the reason I'm on this stage, is because

razlog zašto sam ja na ovoj pozornici, je zato

what that tells us is something deep about the early universe.

što nam to govori je nešto duboko o ranom svemiru.

It tells us that we

Govori nam da mi

and everything we see around us

i sve što vidimo oko nas

are basically one large bubble --

je u osnovi jedan veliki mjehurić --

and this is the idea of inflation—

i to je ideja inflacije --

one large bubble surrounded by something else.

jedan veliki mjehurić kojeg okružuje nešto drugo.

This isn't conclusive evidence for inflation,

Ovo nije konačni dokaz inflacije,

but anything that isn't inflation that explains this

ali bilo što što nije inflacija, a da ovo objašnjava

will look the same.

će izgledati isto.

This is a theory, an idea,

Ovo je teorija, ideja,

that has been around for a while,

koja postoji neko vrijeme

and we never thought we we'd really see it.

i nismo mislili da ćemo je stvarno vidjeti.

For good reasons, we thought we'd never see

Zbog dobrih razloga nismo mislili da ćemo ikad vidjeti

killer evidence, and this is killer evidence.

ubojit dokaz, a ovo je ubojit dokaz.

But the really crazy idea

Ali stvarno luda ideja

is that our bubble is just one bubble

je da je naš mjehurić samo jedan mjehurić

in a much larger, roiling pot of universal stuff.

u puno većem, zakovitlanom loncu univerzalne stvari.

We're never going to see the stuff outside,

Mi nikad nećemo vidjeti stvari izvan,

but by going to the South Pole and spending three years

ali tako da smo otišli na Južni pol i proveli tri godine

looking at the detailed structure of the night sky,

gledajući detaljnu strukturu noćnog neba,

we can figure out

možemo pretpostaviti

that we're probably in a universe that looks kind of like that.

da smo vjerojatno u svemiru koji izgleda poput toga

And that amazes me.

I to me oduševljava.

Thanks a lot.

Hvala puno.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)