Allan Adams: The discovery that could rewrite physics

209,539 views ・ 2014-04-01

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Damin Park κ²€ν† : K Bang
00:12
If you look deep into the night sky,
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λ°€ν•˜λŠ˜μ„ 깊이 듀여닀보면
00:16
you see stars,
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별이 보이고
00:18
and if you look further, you see more stars,
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더 내닀보면 더 λ§Žμ€ 별이,
00:20
and further, galaxies, and further, more galaxies.
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κ·Έ λ„ˆλ¨Έμ—” μ€ν•˜κ³„, 더 멀리엔 더 λ§Žμ€ μ€ν•˜κ³„λ“€μ΄ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
But if you keep looking further and further,
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그보닀 더 멀리 계속 내닀보면
00:26
eventually you see nothing for a long while,
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μž μ‹œ λ™μ•ˆ 아무것도 보이질 μ•Šλ‹€κ°€
00:29
and then finally you see a faint, fading afterglow,
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κ·Έ 후에 ν¬λ―Έν•˜κ³  νλ¦Ών•΄μ§€λŠ” μž”κ΄‘μ΄ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
and it's the afterglow of the Big Bang.
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λΉ…λ±…μ˜ μž”κ΄‘μ΄μ£ .
00:37
Now, the Big Bang was an era in the early universe
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빅뱅은 μ€ν•˜κ³„ μ΄ˆκΈ°μ—
00:40
when everything we see in the night sky
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°€ν•˜λŠ˜μ—μ„œ λ³΄λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것듀이
00:42
was condensed into an incredibly small,
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μ•„μ£Ό μž‘κ³ 
00:44
incredibly hot, incredibly roiling mass,
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맀우 뜨거운 λ©μ–΄λ¦¬λ‘œ 압좕돼 μžˆλ‹€κ°€
00:48
and from it sprung everything we see.
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그둜 λΆ€ν„° μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ λ³΄λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것듀이 νŠ€μ–΄λ‚˜μ˜¨ μˆœκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
Now, we've mapped that afterglow
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μ •λ°€ν•˜κ²Œ
00:54
with great precision,
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κ·Έ μž”κ΄‘μ˜ 지도λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
and when I say we, I mean people who aren't me.
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μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
00:58
We've mapped the afterglow
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 극적으둜 μ •ν™•ν•œ
01:00
with spectacular precision,
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μž”κ΄‘μ˜ 지도λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆκ³ 
01:01
and one of the shocks about it
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ν•œκ°€μ§€ λ†€λΌμš΄ 점은
01:02
is that it's almost completely uniform.
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이것이 거의 μ™„μ „ν•˜κ²Œ κ· μΌν•˜λ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
Fourteen billion light years that way
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μ € λ°©ν–₯으둜 140μ–΅ κ΄‘λ…„
01:07
and 14 billion light years that way,
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그리고 이 λ°©ν–₯으둜 140μ–΅ κ΄‘λ…„
01:09
it's the same temperature.
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λͺ¨λ‘ μ˜¨λ„κ°€ κ°™μ•„μš”.
01:11
Now it's been 14 billion years
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빅뱅이 μΌμ–΄λ‚œμ§€
01:14
since that Big Bang,
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130μ–΅ 년이 지났기에
01:16
and so it's got faint and cold.
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μž”κ΄‘μ€ μ°¨κ°‘κ³  ν¬λ―Έν•΄μ‘Œμ£ .
01:18
It's now 2.7 degrees.
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ 2.7λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
But it's not exactly 2.7 degrees.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ 2.7λ„λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
01:23
It's only 2.7 degrees to about
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ν•œ λ°±λ§ŒλΆ„μ˜ μ‹­ μ •λ„λ§Œμ΄
01:25
10 parts in a million.
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2.7λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
Over here, it's a little hotter,
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이μͺ½μ€ μ’€ 더 뜨겁고
01:28
and over there, it's a little cooler,
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μ €μͺ½μ€ 쑰금 μ°¨κ°€μ›Œμš”.
01:30
and that's incredibly important to everyone in this room,
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이건 이 방에 계신 λͺ¨λ“  λΆ„λ“€μ—κ²Œ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ±°μ£ .
01:33
because where it was a little hotter,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 쑰금 λœ¨κ±°μ› λ˜ κ³³μ—”
01:35
there was a little more stuff,
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쑰금 더 λ§Žμ€ 물질이 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
01:36
and where there was a little more stuff,
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물질이 쑰금 더 λ§Žμ•˜λ˜ 곳에
01:38
we have galaxies and clusters of galaxies
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μ€ν•˜κ³„μ™€ μ€ν•˜κ³„ 무리
01:40
and superclusters
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그리고 μ΄ˆμ€ν•˜ 집단
01:41
and all the structure you see in the cosmos.
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또 μš°μ£Όμ— λ³΄μ΄λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것듀이 μžˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
01:44
And those small, little, inhomogeneities,
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κ·Έ μž‘μ€ μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨μ˜ 뢈균일질,
01:47
20 parts in a million,
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λ°±λ§ŒλΆ„μ˜ μ΄μ‹­μ˜ ν™•λ₯ μΈλ°,
01:49
those were formed by quantum mechanical wiggles
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그것듀은 우주 μ΄ˆκΈ°μ— 우주 전체 크기만큼 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚¬λ˜
01:52
in that early universe that were stretched
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μ–‘μž 역학적 μ›€μ§μž„μœΌλ‘œ 인해
01:54
across the size of the entire cosmos.
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μƒκ²¨λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
That is spectacular,
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그건 μž₯관이죠.
01:58
and that's not what they found on Monday;
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그게 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ›”μš”μΌμ— λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 건 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
what they found on Monday is cooler.
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μ›”μš”μΌμ— 발견된 것은 더 λ©‹μ Έμš”.
02:02
So here's what they found on Monday:
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μ›”μš”μΌμ— 발견된 건 λ°”λ‘œ μ΄κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
Imagine you take a bell,
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쒅을 λ“€κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
02:07
and you whack the bell with a hammer.
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κ·Έ 쒅을 망치둜 μ„Έκ²Œ μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
What happens? It rings.
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무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆκΉŒ? 쒅이 울리죠.
02:11
But if you wait, that ringing fades
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쑰금만 기닀리면 μšΈλ¦Όμ€ 희미해지고
02:13
and fades and fades
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계속 희미해져
02:14
until you don't notice it anymore.
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μ•Œμ•„μ±Œ 수 μ—†κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
Now, that early universe was incredibly dense,
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초기의 μš°μ£ΌλŠ” 맀우 밀집해 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:19
like a metal, way denser,
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κΈˆμ†μ²˜λŸΌμš”. 그보닀 더 λΉ½λΉ½ν–ˆμ£ .
02:21
and if you hit it, it would ring,
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κ·Έκ±Έ 치면 μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ 울릴 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
but the thing ringing would be
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μšΈλ¦¬λŠ” 것은
02:25
the structure of space-time itself,
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μ‹œκ³΅κ°„ ꡬ쑰 κ·Έ 자체일 κ±°κ³ 
02:27
and the hammer would be quantum mechanics.
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λ§μΉ˜κ°€ μ–‘μž 역학이겠죠.
02:30
What they found on Monday
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μ›”μš”μΌμ— λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것은
02:32
was evidence of the ringing
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우주 μ΄ˆκΈ°μ— μžˆμ—ˆλ˜
02:35
of the space-time of the early universe,
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μ‹œκ³΅κ°„ 울림의 μ¦κ±°μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
what we call gravitational waves
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νƒœμ΄ˆμ˜ μˆœκ°„μ— λ‚˜μ˜¨
02:39
from the fundamental era,
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쀑λ ₯νŒŒλΌλŠ” 것이죠.
02:40
and here's how they found it.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆλ‹΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
Those waves have long since faded.
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κ·Έ νŒŒλ™μ€ 였랜 μ‹œκ°„μ— 걸쳐 희미해져 κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
If you go for a walk,
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산책을 ν•˜λ©΄
02:46
you don't wiggle.
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κΏˆν‹€κ±°λ¦¬μ§€λŠ” μ•Šκ² μ£ .
02:48
Those gravitational waves in the structure of space
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우주의 κ΅¬μ‘°μ—μ„œ κ·Έ 쀑λ ₯νŒŒλŠ”
02:50
are totally invisible for all practical purposes.
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ν˜„μ‹€μ μΈ λ©΄μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μ—†μ–΄μš”.
02:53
But early on, when the universe was making
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄ˆκΈ°μ—, μš°μ£Όκ°€
02:56
that last afterglow,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μž”κ΄‘μ„ λ‚΄λΏœκ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œ
02:58
the gravitational waves
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쀑λ ₯νŒŒλŠ”
03:00
put little twists in the structure
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³΄λŠ” λΉ›μ˜ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό
03:03
of the light that we see.
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μ•½κ°„ λΉ„ν‹€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
So by looking at the night sky deeper and deeper --
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ°€ν•˜λŠ˜μ„ 깊게 λ“€μ—¬λ‹€ λ³΄μ•˜μ–΄μš”.
03:07
in fact, these guys spent three years on the South Pole
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λ‚¨κ·Ήμ—μ„œ 3λ…„κ°„
03:10
looking straight up through the coldest, clearest,
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μ•„μ£Ό μΆ₯κ³  맑고
03:13
cleanest air they possibly could find
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κΉ¨λ—ν•œ 곡기λ₯Ό 톡해 μœ„λ₯Ό μ˜¬λ €λ‹€λ³΄λ©°
03:15
looking deep into the night sky and studying
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λ°€ν•˜λŠ˜μ„ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜κ³ 
03:17
that glow and looking for the faint twists
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κ·Έ ν¬λ―Έν•œ 비틀림을 μ°Ύμ•„μ˜¨ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
which are the symbol, the signal,
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초기 우주의 울림,
03:23
of gravitational waves,
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쀑λ ₯파의
03:25
the ringing of the early universe.
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상징인 κ·Έ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ§μ΄μ—μš”.
03:27
And on Monday, they announced
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그리고 μ›”μš”μΌμ—
03:29
that they had found it.
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그듀은 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  λ°œν‘œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
And the thing that's so spectacular about that to me
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κ±°κΈ°μ„œ μ œκ°€ μ•„μ£Ό λ†€λžλ‹€κ³  λŠλ‚€ 것은
03:33
is not just the ringing, though that is awesome.
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λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 울림이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”, 그것도 멋지긴 ν•˜μ§€λ§Œμš”.
03:36
The thing that's totally amazing,
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정말 ꡉμž₯ν•œ 것,
03:37
the reason I'm on this stage, is because
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μ œκ°€ 이 λ¬΄λŒ€μ— μ„œμžˆλŠ” 이유, 그것은 λ°”λ‘œ
03:39
what that tells us is something deep about the early universe.
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그것이 초기 우주의 μ € 깊이 μžˆλŠ” 무언가λ₯Ό 말해주기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš”.
03:43
It tells us that we
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그것은 μš°λ¦¬μ™€
03:44
and everything we see around us
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³΄λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것듀이
03:46
are basically one large bubble --
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근본적으둜 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 큰 κ±°ν’ˆμ΄λΌκ³  λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
and this is the idea of inflationβ€”
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ 팽창의 아이디어죠.
03:51
one large bubble surrounded by something else.
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κ·Έ 큰 κ±°ν’ˆμ€ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 것에 λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Έμ—¬ μžˆκ³ μš”.
03:55
This isn't conclusive evidence for inflation,
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이것이 팽창의 결정적인 μ¦κ±°λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:57
but anything that isn't inflation that explains this
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팽창 μ΄μ™Έμ˜ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 이걸 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λ©΄
03:59
will look the same.
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λͺ¨λ‘ κ·Έμ € κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
This is a theory, an idea,
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이 이둠, λ°œμƒμ€
04:02
that has been around for a while,
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생긴지 κ½€ μ˜€λž˜λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
04:03
and we never thought we we'd really see it.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ„ κ±°λΌλŠ” μ „ν˜€ μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:05
For good reasons, we thought we'd never see
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μ •λ‹Ήν•œ μ΄μœ λ“€λ‘œ ν™•μ‹€ν•œ 증거λ₯Ό λͺ©κ²©ν•  수 없을 거라 μƒκ°ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
04:07
killer evidence, and this is killer evidence.
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이게 λ°”λ‘œ ν™•μ‹€ν•œ μ¦κ±°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
But the really crazy idea
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κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ 정말 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ 이 μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄λŠ”
04:11
is that our bubble is just one bubble
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우리의 κ±°ν’ˆμ΄ 단 ν•˜λ‚˜λ§Œ μžˆλŠ”,
04:14
in a much larger, roiling pot of universal stuff.
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우주의 λ¬Όμ§ˆλ“€μ΄ μ†Œμš©λŒμ΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ 큰 λƒ„λΉ„λΌλŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
04:18
We're never going to see the stuff outside,
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κ·Έ μ™ΈλΆ€μ˜ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ€ μ ˆλŒ€ λ³Ό 수 없을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
but by going to the South Pole and spending three years
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‚¨κ·Ήμ—μ„œ 3λ…„λ™μ•ˆ
04:23
looking at the detailed structure of the night sky,
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λ°€ν•˜λŠ˜μ˜ μƒμ„Έν•œ ꡬ쑰에 λŒ€ν•œ 관찰을 톡해
04:25
we can figure out
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
04:27
that we're probably in a universe that looks kind of like that.
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μš°λ¦¬λ„ μ•„λ§ˆ 이와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 세상에 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œμ•„λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
And that amazes me.
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λ†€λΌμš΄ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
Thanks a lot.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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