Allan Adams: The discovery that could rewrite physics

210,813 views ใƒป 2014-04-01

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yubal Masalker ืžื‘ืงืจ: Shlomo Adam
00:12
If you look deep into the night sky,
0
12928
3492
ืื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ ื”ืœื™ืœื”,
00:16
you see stars,
1
16420
1616
ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื,
00:18
and if you look further, you see more stars,
2
18036
2572
ื•ืื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื—ื•ืง, ืจื•ืื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื
00:20
and further, galaxies, and further, more galaxies.
3
20608
2159
ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื—ื•ืง, ื’ืœืงืกื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื—ืจื™ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื’ืœืงืกื™ื•ืช.
00:22
But if you keep looking further and further,
4
22767
3873
ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื—ื•ืง,
00:26
eventually you see nothing for a long while,
5
26640
3116
ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืœื•ื, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘,
00:29
and then finally you see a faint, fading afterglow,
6
29756
4462
ื•ืื– ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ ื—ื™ื•ื•ืจ,
00:34
and it's the afterglow of the Big Bang.
7
34218
3024
ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืฅ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
00:37
Now, the Big Bang was an era in the early universe
8
37242
2817
ื”ืžืคืฅ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™
00:40
when everything we see in the night sky
9
40059
2171
ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™-ื”ืœื™ืœื”
00:42
was condensed into an incredibly small,
10
42230
2410
ื”ื™ื” ื“ื—ื•ืก ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืกื” ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืžื”,
00:44
incredibly hot, incredibly roiling mass,
11
44640
4326
ืžืื•ื“ ืžื‘ืขื‘ืขืช ื•ื‘ืขืœืช ื ืคื— ืžืื•ื“ ืงื˜ืŸ,
00:48
and from it sprung everything we see.
12
48966
2692
ืฉืžืžื ื” ื ื‘ื˜ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื.
00:51
Now, we've mapped that afterglow
13
51658
2859
ืื ื• ืžื™ืคื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื•ืจื™
00:54
with great precision,
14
54517
1679
ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืจื‘,
00:56
and when I say we, I mean people who aren't me.
15
56196
2044
ื•ื‘ืื•ืžืจื™, ืื ื•, ืื™ื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื™.
00:58
We've mapped the afterglow
16
58240
1876
ืžื™ืคื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืฉืืจื™ืชื™
01:00
with spectacular precision,
17
60116
1322
ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื™ื•ืฆื-ื“ื•ืคืŸ,
01:01
and one of the shocks about it
18
61438
1548
ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื,
01:02
is that it's almost completely uniform.
19
62986
2946
ืฉื”ื•ื ืื—ื™ื“ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
01:05
Fourteen billion light years that way
20
65932
1958
ื‘-14 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉื ื•ืช-ืื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื”
01:07
and 14 billion light years that way,
21
67890
1860
ื•ื‘-14 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉื ื•ืช-ืื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™,
01:09
it's the same temperature.
22
69750
1408
ืฉื•ืจืจืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”.
01:11
Now it's been 14 billion years
23
71158
3314
ื›ื™ื•ื ืขื‘ืจื• 13 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉื ื”
01:14
since that Big Bang,
24
74472
1818
ืžืื– ืื•ืชื• ืžืคืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
01:16
and so it's got faint and cold.
25
76290
2472
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœื—ื™ื•ื•ืจ ื•ืงืจ.
01:18
It's now 2.7 degrees.
26
78762
2308
ื›ืขืช ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื 2.7 ืžืขืœื•ืช.
01:21
But it's not exactly 2.7 degrees.
27
81070
2280
ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง 2.7 ืžืขืœื•ืช.
01:23
It's only 2.7 degrees to about
28
83350
2294
ื–ื” 2.7 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืขื ืกื˜ื™ื”
01:25
10 parts in a million.
29
85644
1842
ืฉืœ ื›-10 ื—ืœืงื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ.
01:27
Over here, it's a little hotter,
30
87486
994
ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื,
01:28
and over there, it's a little cooler,
31
88480
1868
ื•ืฉื, ื˜ื™ืคื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจ,
01:30
and that's incredibly important to everyone in this room,
32
90348
3088
ื•ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืื•ืœื ื–ื”,
01:33
because where it was a little hotter,
33
93436
1724
ื›ื™ ืื™ืคื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื,
01:35
there was a little more stuff,
34
95160
1696
ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื•ืžืจ,
01:36
and where there was a little more stuff,
35
96856
1567
ื•ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื•ืžืจ,
01:38
we have galaxies and clusters of galaxies
36
98423
1969
ืฉื ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื’ืœืงืกื™ื•ืช, ื•ืฆื‘ื™ืจื™ ื’ืœืงืกื™ื•ืช
01:40
and superclusters
37
100392
1252
ื•ืฆื‘ื™ืจื™-ืขืœ
01:41
and all the structure you see in the cosmos.
38
101644
2708
ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื.
01:44
And those small, little, inhomogeneities,
39
104352
3112
ื•ืื•ืชื ื—ื•ืกืจื™ื ืงืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื•ืช,
01:47
20 parts in a million,
40
107464
2282
ืฉืœ 20 ื—ืœืงื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ,
01:49
those were formed by quantum mechanical wiggles
41
109746
2754
ื”ื ื ื•ืฆืจื• ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืชื ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช
01:52
in that early universe that were stretched
42
112500
1808
ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ืงื•ื ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™,
01:54
across the size of the entire cosmos.
43
114308
2279
ืฉื”ืชืžืชื—ื• ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื.
01:56
That is spectacular,
44
116587
1714
ื–ื” ืžืคืœื™ื,
01:58
and that's not what they found on Monday;
45
118301
1665
ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™;
01:59
what they found on Monday is cooler.
46
119966
2036
ืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘.
02:02
So here's what they found on Monday:
47
122002
2266
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™:
02:04
Imagine you take a bell,
48
124268
3503
ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืืชื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืคืขืžื•ืŸ,
02:07
and you whack the bell with a hammer.
49
127771
1611
ื•ื”ื•ืœืžื™ื ื‘ื• ืขื ืคื˜ื™ืฉ.
02:09
What happens? It rings.
50
129382
1676
ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”? ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœืฆืœ.
02:11
But if you wait, that ringing fades
51
131058
2208
ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื, ืื•ืชื• ืฆืœืฆื•ืœ ื“ื•ืขืš
02:13
and fades and fades
52
133266
1620
ื•ื“ื•ืขืš ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“,
02:14
until you don't notice it anymore.
53
134886
1942
ืขื“ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื•.
02:16
Now, that early universe was incredibly dense,
54
136828
2648
ืื•ืชื• ื™ืงื•ื ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืคื•ืฃ ืœื”ื“ื”ื™ื,
02:19
like a metal, way denser,
55
139476
2079
ื›ืžื• ืžืชื›ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆืคื•ืฃ,
02:21
and if you hit it, it would ring,
56
141555
2405
ื•ืื ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆืœืฆืœ,
02:23
but the thing ringing would be
57
143960
1863
ื•ื”ืฆืœืฆื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื”
02:25
the structure of space-time itself,
58
145823
2088
ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ-ืžืจื—ื‘ ืขืฆืžื•,
02:27
and the hammer would be quantum mechanics.
59
147911
2816
ื•ื”ืคื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื›ื ื™ืงื” ื”ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช.
02:30
What they found on Monday
60
150727
1931
ืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™
02:32
was evidence of the ringing
61
152658
2362
ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืื™ื” ืœืฆืœืฆื•ืœ ืฉืœ
02:35
of the space-time of the early universe,
62
155020
2315
ื”ื–ืžืŸ-ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™,
02:37
what we call gravitational waves
63
157335
2105
ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื’ืœื™-ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื”
02:39
from the fundamental era,
64
159440
1520
ืžื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™,
02:40
and here's how they found it.
65
160960
1975
ื•ื›ืš ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืื•ืชื.
02:42
Those waves have long since faded.
66
162935
2072
ืื•ืชื ื’ืœื™ื ื“ืขื›ื• ืžืื– ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง.
02:45
If you go for a walk,
67
165007
1488
ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืฆื•ืขื“ื™ื,
02:46
you don't wiggle.
68
166495
1588
ืื ื• ืœื ืžืชื ื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
02:48
Those gravitational waves in the structure of space
69
168083
2748
ืื•ืชื ื’ืœื™-ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื—ืœืœ
02:50
are totally invisible for all practical purposes.
70
170831
2774
ื”ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช.
02:53
But early on, when the universe was making
71
173605
2904
ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื™ืฆืจ
02:56
that last afterglow,
72
176509
2370
ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื•ืจื™,
02:58
the gravitational waves
73
178879
1558
ื’ืœื™-ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื” ื’ืจืžื•
03:00
put little twists in the structure
74
180437
2863
ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืชื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื ื”
03:03
of the light that we see.
75
183300
1527
ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื.
03:04
So by looking at the night sky deeper and deeper --
76
184827
2966
ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™-ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื•ืง --
03:07
in fact, these guys spent three years on the South Pole
77
187793
2638
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื”ื• 3 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™
03:10
looking straight up through the coldest, clearest,
78
190431
2589
ื‘ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื ื™ืฉืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจ,
03:13
cleanest air they possibly could find
79
193020
2350
ื”ื›ื™ ื ืงื™ ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืฆื— ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื,
03:15
looking deep into the night sky and studying
80
195370
2429
ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™-ื”ืœื™ืœื”
03:17
that glow and looking for the faint twists
81
197799
3376
ื•ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื•ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืขื™ื•ื•ืชื™ื ืงืœื•ืฉื™ื
03:21
which are the symbol, the signal,
82
201175
2348
ืฉื”ื ื”ืกื™ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืื•ืช
03:23
of gravitational waves,
83
203523
1820
ืœื’ืœื™-ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื”,
03:25
the ringing of the early universe.
84
205343
2341
ื”ืฆืœืฆื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™.
03:27
And on Monday, they announced
85
207684
1787
ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ื ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื•
03:29
that they had found it.
86
209471
1744
ืฉื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื–ื”.
03:31
And the thing that's so spectacular about that to me
87
211215
2427
ื•ืžื” ืฉื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžืจืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™
03:33
is not just the ringing, though that is awesome.
88
213642
2748
ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ื”ืฆืœืฆื•ืœ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืื“ื™ืจ.
03:36
The thing that's totally amazing,
89
216390
1358
ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžื“ื”ื™ื,
03:37
the reason I'm on this stage, is because
90
217748
2102
ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”,
03:39
what that tells us is something deep about the early universe.
91
219850
3468
ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืžื•ืง ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™.
03:43
It tells us that we
92
223318
1664
ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ืฉืื ื•
03:44
and everything we see around us
93
224982
1436
ืขื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•,
03:46
are basically one large bubble --
94
226418
2954
ื–ื” ื‘ื•ืขื” ืื—ืช ืขื ืงื™ืช -- ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ
03:49
and this is the idea of inflationโ€”
95
229372
1756
ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช --
03:51
one large bubble surrounded by something else.
96
231128
3892
ื‘ื•ืขื” ืขื ืงื™ืช ืื—ืช ืžื•ืงืคืช ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
03:55
This isn't conclusive evidence for inflation,
97
235020
2130
ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืจืื™ื” ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช,
03:57
but anything that isn't inflation that explains this
98
237150
2174
ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืชื™ ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื–ืืช
03:59
will look the same.
99
239324
1317
ื™ื™ืจืื” ื“ื•ืžื”.
04:00
This is a theory, an idea,
100
240641
1645
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืื•ืจื™ื”, ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
04:02
that has been around for a while,
101
242286
1224
ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื“ื™ ื–ืžืŸ,
04:03
and we never thought we we'd really see it.
102
243510
1725
ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืื™-ืคืขื ื ืจืื” ืื•ืชื•.
04:05
For good reasons, we thought we'd never see
103
245235
1838
ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•
04:07
killer evidence, and this is killer evidence.
104
247073
2248
ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืจืื” ืจืื™ื” ื—ื•ืชื›ืช, ื•ื–ื• ืจืื™ื” ื—ื•ืชื›ืช.
04:09
But the really crazy idea
105
249321
2010
ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉื•ื’ืข ื”ื•ื
04:11
is that our bubble is just one bubble
106
251331
3032
ืฉื”ื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื•ืขื” ืื—ืช
04:14
in a much larger, roiling pot of universal stuff.
107
254363
4626
ื‘ืกื™ืจ ืงื•ืกืžื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื‘ืขื‘ืข.
04:18
We're never going to see the stuff outside,
108
258989
1826
ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืฅ,
04:20
but by going to the South Pole and spending three years
109
260815
2574
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืœืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื•ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืฉื 3 ืฉื ื™ื,
04:23
looking at the detailed structure of the night sky,
110
263389
2560
ื‘ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื ื• ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™-ื”ืœื™ืœื”,
04:25
we can figure out
111
265949
1856
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืขืจ ืฉืื ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื“ืื™
04:27
that we're probably in a universe that looks kind of like that.
112
267805
3090
ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ื ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืžื• ื–ื”.
04:30
And that amazes me.
113
270895
2422
ื•ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื™.
04:33
Thanks a lot.
114
273317
1336
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
04:34
(Applause)
115
274653
2936
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7