Josette Sheeran: Ending hunger now

Prevodilac: Predrag Djordjevic Lektor: Ana Zivanovic-Nenadovic

Well after many years working in trade and economics,

Nakon mnogo godina provedenih u trgovini i ekonomiji,

four years ago,

pre četiri godine,

I found myself working on the front lines

zatekla sam se radeći na granicama

of human vulnerability.

ljudske ranjivosti.

And I found myself in the places

Našla sam se na mestima

where people are fighting every day to survive

gde se ljudi svakog dana bore za opstanak,

and can't even obtain a meal.

a ne zarade ni jedan obrok.

This red cup comes from Rwanda

Ova crvena šolja dolazi iz Ruande

from a child named Fabian.

od deteta koje se zove Fabijan.

And I carry this around

Ovo nosim sa sobom

as a symbol, really, of the challenge

kao simbol izazova

and also the hope.

ali takođe i nade.

Because one cup of food a day

Zato što jedna šolja dnevno

changes Fabian's life completely.

potpuno menja Fabijanov život.

But what I'd like to talk about today

Ono o čemu želim da govorim danas

is the fact that this morning,

je činjenica da se ovog jutra

about a billion people on Earth --

otprilike milijardu ljudi na Zemlji--

or one out of every seven --

ili svaki sedmi čovek--

woke up and didn't even know

probudio i nije znao

how to fill this cup.

kako da napuni ovu šolju.

One out of every seven people.

Jedan na svakih sedam ljudi.

First, I'll ask you: Why should you care?

Prvo, pitaću vas: "Zašto bi vas bilo briga?

Why should we care?

Zašto bi nas bilo briga?"

For most people,

Većina ljudi,

if they think about hunger,

kada pomisli na glad,

they don't have to go far back on their own family history --

ne mora da se vraća daleko u porodičnu istoriju--

maybe in their own lives, or their parents' lives,

možda u njihove živote, u živote njihovih roditelja

or their grandparents' lives --

ili njihovih baka i deka--

to remember an experience of hunger.

da bi se prisetili nekog iskustva sa glađu.

I rarely find an audience

Retko se susrećem sa publikom u kojoj ljudi

where people can go back very far without that experience.

moraju da se vrate jako daleko u prošlost da bi se prisetili toga.

Some are driven by compassion,

Neki su vođeni saosećanjem,

feel it's perhaps

osećaju da je to, možda,

one of the fundamental acts of humanity.

jedno od fundamentalnih dela čovečnosti.

As Gandhi said,

Kao što je Gandi rekao:

"To a hungry man, a piece of bread is the face of God."

"Za gladnog čoveka, parče hleba je lice Boga".

Others worry about peace and security,

Drugi brinu o miru, sigurnosti

stability in the world.

i stabilnosti u svetu.

We saw the food riots in 2008,

2008. videli smo pobune zbog hrane, nakon što je

after what I call the silent tsunami of hunger

ono što ja nazivam "tihim cunamijem gladi" preplavilo planetu,

swept the globe when food prices doubled overnight.

kada su se cene hrane udvostručile preko noći.

The destabilizing effects of hunger

Destabilišući efekti gladi

are known throughout human history.

poznati su kroz ljudsku istoriju.

One of the most fundamental acts of civilization

Jedan od osnovnih zadataka civilizacije

is to ensure people can get enough food.

je da osigura da ljudi imaju dovoljno hrane.

Others think about Malthusian nightmares.

Drugi misle o Maltusovim noćnim morama.

Will we be able to feed a population

Hoćemo li biti u mogućnosti da hranimo populaciju

that will be nine billion in just a few decades?

koja će za samo nekoliko decenija dostići 9 milijardi?

This is not a negotiable thing, hunger.

Glad nije stvar oko koje možemo pregovarati.

People have to eat.

Ljudi moraju da jedu.

There's going to be a lot of people.

Biće mnogo ljudi.

This is jobs and opportunity all the way up and down the value chain.

Ovo predstavlja poslove i mogućnosti u lancu vrednosti.

But I actually came to this issue

Međutim, ja sam se sa ovim problemom susrela

in a different way.

na drugačiji način.

This is a picture of me and my three children.

Ovo je fotografija mene i moje troje dece.

In 1987, I was a new mother

1987. rodila sam svoje prvo dete

with my first child

i postala majka.

and was holding her and feeding her

Držala sam je i hranila,

when an image very similar to this

kada je jedna slika, slična ovoj

came on the television.

prikazana na televiziji.

And this was yet another famine in Ethiopia.

Ovo je bila jedna od mnogih gladi u Etiopiji.

One two years earlier

Dve godine pre toga, jedna je

had killed more than a million people.

ubila više od milion ljudi.

But it never struck me as it did that moment,

Međutim, to me nikada nije pogodilo

because on that image

kao u tom momentu, zato što je na slici bila žena

was a woman trying to nurse her baby,

koja pokušava da doji svoje dete,

and she had no milk to nurse.

a nema mleka.

And the baby's cry really penetrated me,

Bebin plač je zaista prodreo u mene,

as a mother.

kao majku.

And I thought, there's nothing more haunting

Pomislila sam, ništa ne može više da proganja

than the cry of a child

od plača deteta

that cannot be returned with food --

na koji ne možete uzvratiti hranom --

the most fundamental expectation of every human being.

što je najosnovnije očekivanje svakog ljudskog bića.

And it was at that moment

Upravo u tom trenutku,

that I just was filled

bila sam ispunjena

with the challenge and the outrage

osećajem sramote i izazova

that actually we know how to fix this problem.

zato što znamo kako da rešimo ovaj problem.

This isn't one of those rare diseases

To nije jedna od onih retkih bolesti

that we don't have the solution for.

za koje nemamo leka.

We know how to fix hunger.

Znamo kako da iskorenimo glad.

A hundred years ago, we didn't.

Do pre sto godina, nismo znali kako to da uradimo.

We actually have the technology and systems.

Mi zaista imamo tehnologiju i sisteme.

And I was just struck

Bila sam pogođena ovom

that this is out of place.

neprimerenom slikom.

At our time in history, these images are out of place.

U našem dobu u istoriji, ove slike su neprikladne.

Well guess what?

Ali znate šta?

This is last week in northern Kenya.

Ovo je fotografisano prošle nedelje u Keniji.

Yet again,

Opet vidimo

the face of starvation

lice izgladnelosti

at large scale

na velikoj skali,

with more than nine million people

sa 9 miliona ljudi

wondering if they can make it to the next day.

koji se pitaju da li će dočekati sledeći dan.

In fact,

Činjenica je

what we know now

da sada znamo

is that every 10 seconds

da svakih deset sekundi

we lose a child to hunger.

zbog gladi izgubimo jedno dete.

This is more

To je više

than HIV/AIDS,

nego HIV/SIDA,

malaria and tuberculosis combined.

malarija i tuberkuloza zajedno.

And we know that the issue

Takođe znamo da problem

is not just production of food.

nije samo proizvodnja hrane.

One of my mentors in life

Jedan od mojih životnih mentora

was Norman Borlaug, my hero.

bio je Norman Borlog, moj heroj.

But today I'm going to talk about access to food,

Ali danas ću da govorim o pristupu hrani,

because actually this year and last year

zato što je zapravo, tokom ove i prethodne godine

and during the 2008 food crisis,

i tokom krize sa hranom iz 2008. godine

there was enough food on Earth

na Zemlji bilo dovoljno hrane

for everyone to have 2,700 kilocalories.

da svako dobije 2.700 kilokalorija.

So why is it

Zašto onda

that we have a billion people

imamo milijardu ljudi

who can't find food?

koji ne mogu da nađu hranu?

And I also want to talk about

Takođe, želim da govorim o onome

what I call our new burden of knowledge.

što ja nazivam bremenom znanja.

In 2008,

Tokom 2008.

Lancet compiled all the research

Lanset je sastavio brojne studije

and put forward the compelling evidence

i pružio nam ubedljiv dokaz

that if a child in its first thousand days --

da ako dete u toku prvih hiljadu dana života--

from conception to two years old --

od začeća do druge godine--

does not have adequate nutrition,

nema adekvatnu ishranu,

the damage is irreversible.

šteta koja nastane se ne može popraviti.

Their brains and bodies will be stunted.

Njihovi mozgovi i tela će zakržljati.

And here you see a brain scan of two children --

Ovde vidimo snimak mozga dva deteta

one who had adequate nutrition,

od kojih je jedno imalo adekvatnu ishranu,

another, neglected

a drugo je bilo nezbrinuto

and who was deeply malnourished.

i duboko neuhranjeno.

And we can see brain volumes

Možemo da vidimo da je volumen mozga

up to 40 percent less

i do 40 procenata manji

in these children.

kod ove dece.

And in this slide

Na ovom slajdu se vidi

you see the neurons and the synapses of the brain

da se neuroni i sinapse u mozgu

don't form.

ne formiraju.

And what we know now is this has huge impact on economies,

Ono što sada znamo jeste da ovo ima ogroman uticaj na ekonomiju,

which I'll talk about later.

o čemu ćemo govoriti kasnije.

But also the earning potential of these children

Takođe je i potencijal za zaradu ove dece

is cut in half in their lifetime

prepolovljen tokom njihovog života,

due to the stunting

što je uzrokovano zakržljalošću

that happens in early years.

koja je nastala tokom ranih godina života.

So this burden of knowledge drives me.

Ovaj bremen znanja je ono što me pokreće.

Because actually we know how to fix it

Mi zapravo znamo kako da ispravimo ovo

very simply.

na veoma jednostavan način.

And yet, in many places,

Pa ipak, u mnogim mestima,

a third of the children,

trećina dece se

by the time they're three

već u trećoj godini

already are facing a life of hardship

suočava sa životom punim poteškoća

due to this.

uzrokovanih ovime.

I'd like to talk about

Volela bih da govorim

some of the things I've seen on the front lines of hunger,

o nekim stvarima koje sam videla u oblastima

some of the things I've learned

pogođenim glađu, o stvarima koje sam naučila

in bringing my economic and trade knowledge

dok sam koristila svoja znanja o ekonomiji i trgovini

and my experience in the private sector.

i svoje iskustvo iz privatnog sektora.

I'd like to talk about where the gap of knowledge is.

Volela bih da govorim o tome gde se nalazi jaz u znanju.

Well first, I'd like to talk about the oldest nutritional method on Earth,

Prvo, želela bih da govorim o najstarijem načinu hranjenja na Zemlji,

breastfeeding.

dojenju.

You may be surprised to know

Verovatno ćete se iznenaditi da znate

that a child could be saved every 22 seconds

da jedno dete može biti sačuvano svake 22 sekunde

if there was breastfeeding in the first six months of life.

ako je dovoljno dojeno tokom prvih 6 meseci života.

But in Niger, for example,

Ali u Nigeru, na primer,

less than seven percent of the children

manje od 7 odsto dece

are breastfed

je isključivo dojeno

for the first six months of life, exclusively.

tokom prvih 6 meseci života.

In Mauritania, less than three percent.

U Mauritaniji, manje od tri odsto.

This is something that can be transformed with knowledge.

Ovo je nešto što možemo promeniti znanjem.

This message, this word, can come out

Ova poruka, ova reč može pokazati ljudima

that this is not an old-fashioned way of doing business;

da ovo nije staromodan način rada,

it's a brilliant way

već je to jedan sjajan način

of saving your child's life.

da sačuvamo živote dece.

And so today we focus on not just passing out food,

Tako se danas ne fokusiramo samo na raspodelu hrane,

but making sure the mothers have enough enrichment,

već se staramo i da majke imaju dovoljno bogatu ishranu

and teaching them about breastfeeding.

i učimo ih o dojenju.

The second thing I'd like to talk about:

Druga stvar koju želim da vam kažem je:

If you were living in a remote village somewhere,

da živite u nekom zabačenom selu,

your child was limp,

da vam dete hramlje,

and you were in a drought, or you were in floods,

da se suočavate sa sušom ili da ste u poplavljenom području,

or you were in a situation where there wasn't adequate diversity of diet,

ili da ste u situaciji da sebi ne možete da obezbedite dovoljno raznoliku ishranu,

what would you do?

šta biste onda uradili?

Do you think you could go to the store

Mislite li da biste mogli da odete do prodavnice

and get a choice of power bars, like we can,

gde imate izbor energetskih čokoladica, kao mi,

and pick the right one to match?

i gde bi odabrali baš onu koja vam treba?

Well I find parents out on the front lines

U područjima pogođenim glađu nailazim na roditelje

very aware their children are going down for the count.

koji su svesni da njihova deca umiru.

And I go to those shops, if there are any,

Onda odlazim u te prodavnice, ako ih uopšte ima,

or out to the fields to see what they can get,

ili na polja da vidim šta mogu odatle da uzmu,

and they cannot obtain the nutrition.

a oni ne mogu sebi da obezbede prehranu.

Even if they know what they need to do, it's not available.

Čak iako znaju šta treba da urade, to nije dostupno.

And I'm very excited about this,

Ovo je nešto zbog čega sam jako uzbuđena,

because one thing we're working on

zato što stvar na kojoj sada radimo

is transforming the technologies

predstavlja preobražaj tehnologija

that are very available

koju su lako dostupne

in the food industry

u industriji hrane

to be available for traditional crops.

tako da su primenljive i na tradicionalno uzgajane useve.

And this is made with chickpeas, dried milk

Ovo je napravljeno sa graškom, mlekom u prahu

and a host of vitamins,

i mnoštvom vitamina,

matched to exactly what the brain needs.

u onoj proporciji koja je neophodna mozgu.

It costs 17 cents for us to produce this

Potrebno je 17 centi da bi se proizvelo ovo

as, what I call, food for humanity.

što ja nazivam hranom za čovečanstvo.

We did this with food technologists

Ovo smo uradili sa tehnologijama ishrane

in India and Pakistan --

u Indiji i Pakistanu --

really about three of them.

zapravo oko tri njih.

But this is transforming

Ovo menja

99 percent of the kids who get this.

99 odsto dece koja mogu da ga dobiju.

One package, 17 cents a day --

Jedna kesica, 17 centi dnevno--

their malnutrition is overcome.

i njihova pothranjenost je otklonjena.

So I am convinced

Ubeđena sam da ćemo moći

that if we can unlock the technologies

da transformišemo hranu

that are commonplace in the richer world

ako učinimo dostupnijim tehnologije

to be able to transform foods.

koje su svakodnevica u zapadnom svetu.

And this is climate-proof.

Ovo je otporno na vremenske uslove.

It doesn't need to be refrigerated, it doesn't need water,

Ne treba da se čuva u frižideru, ne treba mu ni voda,

which is often lacking.

koje često nema.

And these types of technologies,

Vidim da ovaj tip tehnologija

I see, have the potential

ima potencijal

to transform the face of hunger and nutrition, malnutrition

da promeni stanje sa glađu i pothranjenošću

out on the front lines.

u najgore pogođenim oblastima.

The next thing I want to talk about is school feeding.

Sledeće o čemu želim da govorim je ishrana u školama.

Eighty percent of the people in the world

Osamdeset odsto ljudi na svetu

have no food safety net.

nema mreže bezbedne hrane.

When disaster strikes --

Kada ih zadesi katastrofa--

the economy gets blown, people lose a job,

kao urušavanje ekonomije, gubitak posla,

floods, war, conflict,

poplave, rat, konflikti,

bad governance, all of those things --

loša vladavina, sve te stvari--

there is nothing to fall back on.

oni nemaju na šta da se oslone.

And usually the institutions --

Često institucije --

churches, temples, other things --

crkve, hramovi i druge--

do not have the resources

nemaju sredstava

to provide a safety net.

da formiraju bezbednu mrežu.

What we have found working with the World Bank

Ono što smo otkrili radeći sa Svetskom bankom

is that the poor man's safety net,

jeste da je ishrana u školama

the best investment, is school feeding.

najbolja investicija za siromašne ljude.

And if you fill the cup

Ako napunite ovu šolju

with local agriculture from small farmers,

lokalnim usevima sa malih farmi,

you have a transformative effect.

dobićete efekat transformacije.

Many kids in the world can't go to school

Mnoga deca ne mogu da idu u školu

because they have to go beg and find a meal.

zato što moraju da prose i nalaze hranu.

But when that food is there,

Ali kada je hrana tu,

it's transformative.

ona je menja stvari.

It costs less than 25 cents a day to change a kid's life.

Košta manje od 25 centi dnevno da detetu promenimo život.

But what is most amazing is the effect on girls.

Najneverovatniji je efekat koji ovo ima na devojčice.

In countries where girls don't go to school

U zemljama gde devojčice ne idu u školu

and you offer a meal to girls in school,

kada im ponudite obrok u školi,

we see enrollment rates

stopa upisa je

about 50 percent girls and boys.

50 odsto devojaka i momaka.

We see a transformation in attendance by girls.

Vidimo transformaciju prisutnosti devojaka.

And there was no argument,

Tu nije bilo rasprave,

because it's incentive.

to je podsticaj.

Families need the help.

Porodicama je neophodna pomoć.

And we find that if we keep girls in school later,

Otkrili smo i da ako duže zadržimo devojke u školi,

they'll stay in school until they're 16,

one ostaju tu do svoje 16. godine

and won't get married if there's food in school.

i ne udaju se ako u školi imaju hranu.

Or if they get an extra ration of food

Ako dobiju dodatnu porciju hrane

at the end of the week --

na kraju nedelje--

it costs about 50 cents --

što košta oko 50 centi --

will keep a girl in school,

zadržaćemo devojku u školi,

and they'll give birth to a healthier child,

ona će roditi zdravije dete,

because the malnutrition is sent

zato što je pothranjenost poslata

generation to generation.

sa jedne generacije na drugu.

We know that there's boom and bust cycles of hunger.

Znamo da tamo glad ima uspone i padove.

We know this.

Mi znamo to.

Right now on the Horn of Africa, we've been through this before.

Upravo sada, na Rogu Afrike, a već smo prošli kroz ovo.

So is this a hopeless cause?

Dakle, da li je ovaj program beznadežan?

Absolutely not.

Naravno da nije.

I'd like to talk about what I call our warehouses for hope.

Volela bih da pričam o, kako ih ja nazivam, "magacinima nade".

Cameroon, northern Cameroon, boom and bust cycles of hunger

Kamerun, severni Kamerun, u kome svake godine već decenijama

every year for decades.

postoje naizmenični ciklusi uspona i pada gladovanja.

Food aid coming in every year

Pomoć u vidu hrane dostavlja se svake godine

when people are starving during the lean seasons.

kada ljudi gladuju tokom sušnih sezona.

Well two years ago,

Pre dve godine smo odlučili da ćemo promeniti

we decided, let's transform the model of fighting hunger,

način na koji se borimo protiv gladi

and instead of giving out the food aid, we put it into food banks.

i, umesto da dajemo pomoć u hrani, stavljaćemo je u banke hrane.

And we said, listen,

I rekli smo, slušajte,

during the lean season, take the food out.

tokom sušne sezone, izvadite hranu.

You manage, the village manages these warehouses.

Vi održavate, sela održavaju ove magacine.

And during harvest, put it back with interest,

Tokom žetve, vratite je, sa kamatom,

food interest.

kamatom u hrani.

So add in five percent, 10 percent more food.

Dodajte 5 odsto, 10 odsto više hrane.

For the past two years,

Tokom poslednje dve godine,

500 of these villages where these are

500 ovih sela u kojima se nalaze magacini,

have not needed any food aid -- they're self-sufficient.

nisu trebovala pomoć u vidu hrane - sada su samodovoljni.

And the food banks are growing.

Banke hrane rastu.

And they're starting school feeding programs for their children

Ljudi iz ovih sela započinju programe ishrane u školama

by the people in the village.

za svoju decu.

But they've never had the ability

Međutim, oni nikada nisu imali mogućnosti,

to build even the basic infrastructure

a ni sredstva, da sami izgrade

or the resources.

čak i osnovnu infrastrukturu.

I love this idea that came from the village level:

Dopada mi se ova ideja koja je potekla iz jednog sela:

three keys to unlock that warehouse.

neophodna su tri ključa da se otvori ovo skladište.

Food is gold there.

Hrana je tamo zlato.

And simple ideas can transform the face,

Jednostavne ideje mogu da promene izgled

not of small areas,

ne malih oblasti,

of big areas of the world.

već velikih oblasti ovog sveta.

I'd like to talk about what I call digital food.

Volela bih da govorim o nečemu što nazivam digitalnom hranom.

Technology is transforming

Tehnologija transformiše

the face of food vulnerability

osetljivost na nedostatak hrane u mestima

in places where you see classic famine.

u kojima se susrećemo sa klasičnom glađu.

Amartya Sen won his Nobel Prize

Amartia Sen dobio je Nobelovu nagradu

for saying, "Guess what, famines happen in the presence of food

zato što je rekao: "Znate šta? Glad se odvija u prisustvu hrane,

because people have no ability to buy it."

zato što ljudi nemaju mogućnosti da je kupe".

We certainly saw that in 2008.

Zasigurno smo to videli 2008.

We're seeing that now in the Horn of Africa

To vidimo i sada, na Rogu Afrike,

where food prices are up 240 percent in some areas

gde su cene hrane porasle i do 240 odsto

over last year.

u nekim oblastima, tokom poslednje godine.

Food can be there and people can't buy it.

Hrana može biti tamo, ali ljudi ne mogu da je kupe.

Well this picture -- I was in Hebron in a small shop, this shop,

Na ovoj slici - bila sam u Hebronu, u maloj radnji, ovoj radnji,

where instead of bringing in food,

gde umesto da donosimo hranu,

we provide digital food, a card.

obezbeđujemo digitalnu hranu, karticu.

It says "bon appetit" in Arabic.

Na njoj piše "prijatno" na arapskom.

And the women can go in and swipe

Žene mogu da odu tamo, provuku karticu

and get nine food items.

i dobiju devet artikala.

They have to be nutritious,

Oni moraju biti hranljivi

and they have to be locally produced.

i moraju biti lokalno proizvedeni.

And what's happened in the past year alone

Ono što se desilo samo u toku poslednje godine

is the dairy industry --

u industriji mlečnih proizvoda --

where this card's used for milk and yogurt

gde se ova kartica koristi za mleko i jogurt,

and eggs and hummus --

jaja i humus --

the dairy industry has gone up 30 percent.

ova industrija porasla je za oko 30 odsto.

The shopkeepers are hiring more people.

Vlasnici radnji unajmljuju još ljudi.

It is a win-win-win situation

Ovo je situacija u kojoj svi dobijaju

that starts the food economy moving.

i koja pokreće ekonomiju hrane.

We now deliver food in over 30 countries

Danas hranu dostavljamo u preko 30 zemalja

over cell phones,

preko mobilnih telefona,

transforming even the presence of refugees in countries,

menjajući samo prisustvo izbeglica u ovim zemljama,

and other ways.

ali i na druge načine.

Perhaps most exciting to me

Ono što je za mene najuzbudljivije

is an idea that Bill Gates, Howard Buffett and others

jeste ideja koju su Bil Gejts, Hauard Bafet i drugi

have supported boldly,

čvrsto podržali,

which is to ask the question:

a koja kaže da se zapitamo sledeće pitanje:

What if, instead of looking at the hungry as victims --

Šta ako, umesto da gledamo na gladne kao na žrtve --

and most of them are small farmers

a većina njih su vlasnici malih farmi

who cannot raise enough food or sell food

koji ne mogu da uzgoje, a ni prodaju dovoljno hrane

to even support their own families --

da prehrane čak ni svoje porodice --

what if we view them as the solution,

šta ako na njih gledamo kao na rešenje,

as the value chain to fight hunger?

kao kariku u lancu borbe protiv gladi?

What if from the women in Africa

Šta ako od žena u Africi,

who cannot sell any food --

koje ne mogu da prodaju hranu --

there's no roads, there's no warehouses,

nema puteva, nema skladišta,

there's not even a tarp to pick the food up with --

nema čak ni materijala kojim bi sakupljale hranu --

what if we give the enabling environment

šta ako im damo okruženje koje će im omogućiti

for them to provide the food

da proizvedu hranu

to feed the hungry children elsewhere?

da nahrane gladne negde drugde?

And Purchasing for Progress today is in 21 countries.

Program "kupovina za napredak" danas je prisutan u 21. zemlji.

And guess what?

I pogodite šta?

In virtually every case,

U gotovo svakom slučaju,

when poor farmers are given a guaranteed market --

kada siromašnim farmerima garantujete tržište --

if you say, "We will buy 300 metric tons of this.

ako im kažete, "Kupićemo 300 tona ovoga. Mi ćemo to ubrati.

We'll pick it up. We'll make sure it's stored properly." --

Mi ćemo se postarati da je pravilno uskladišteno."--

their yields have gone up two-, three-, fourfold

njihovi prinosi porastu dva, tri, četiri puta

and they figure it out,

i oni shvataju da je to

because it's the first guaranteed opportunity they've had in their life.

prva garantovana prilika koju su imali u životu.

And we're seeing people transform their lives.

Videli smo ljude kako menjaju svoj život.

Today, food aid, our food aid --

Danas, pomoć u vidu hrane, naša pomoć --

huge engine --

jedna ogromna mašina --

80 percent of it is bought in the developing world.

80 odsto svega toga je kupljeno u zemljama u razvoju.

Total transformation

Potpuna transformacija

that can actually transform the very lives that need the food.

koja može promeniti živote onih koji trebaju hranu.

Now you'd ask, can this be done at scale?

Verovatno se pitate može li se ovo sprovesti u velikoj razmeri?

These are great ideas, village-level ideas.

Postoje sjajne ideje koje su potekle iz sela.

Well I'd like to talk about Brazil,

Volela bih da govorim o Brazilu,

because I've taken a journey to Brazil over the past couple of years,

gde sam otputovala pre par godina,

when I read that Brazil was defeating hunger

kada sam pročitala da se Brazil sada pobeđuje glad

faster than any nation on Earth right now.

brže nego ijedna druga nacija na planeti.

And what I've found is,

Ono što sam otkrila je da

rather than investing their money in food subsidies

umesto da daju subvencije u hrani

and other things,

i drugim stvarima,

they invested in a school feeding program.

oni investiraju u program ishrane u školama.

And they require that a third of that food

Oni zahtevaju da trećinu te hrane proizvode

come from the smallest farmers who would have no opportunity.

najmanje farme koje u suprotnom ne bi imale prilike.

And they're doing this at huge scale

Oni ovo rade u ogromnim razmerama,

after President Lula declared his goal

nakon što je predsednik Lula objavio da je njegov cilj

of ensuring everyone had three meals a day.

da osigura da svako dobije tri obroka dnevno.

And this zero hunger program

Ovaj program okončavanja gladi

costs .5 percent of GDP

košta svega 0.5 odsto bruto domaćeg proizvoda

and has lifted many millions of people

i uzvukao je nekoliko miliona ljudi

out of hunger and poverty.

iz gladi i siromaštva.

It is transforming the face of hunger in Brazil,

Transformiše lice gladi u Brazilu

and it's at scale, and it's creating opportunities.

na velikoj skali i stvara nove mogućnosti.

I've gone out there; I've met with the small farmers

Bila sam tamo, sastala se sa vlasnicima malih farmi

who have built their livelihoods

koji su ceo svoj život izgradili

on the opportunity and platform

na mogućnostima i na temelju

provided by this.

koje im je ovaj program obezbedio.

Now if we look at the economic imperative here,

Ako obratimo pažnju na ekonomsku dimenziju ovoga,

this isn't just about compassion.

vidimo da ovde nije reč o saosećanju.

The fact is studies show

Činjenica je da su studije pokazale

that the cost of malnutrition and hunger --

da cena pothranjenosti i gladi,

the cost to society,

košta društvo

the burden it has to bear --

i stvara teret koji ono mora da nosi --

is on average six percent,

u proseku 6 odsto,

and in some countries up to 11 percent,

a u nekim zemljama i 11 odsto

of GDP a year.

bruto domaćeg proizvoda.

And if you look at the 36 countries

Ako pogledate na 36 zemalja

with the highest burden of malnutrition,

sa najvećim teretom pothranjenosti,

that's 260 billion lost from a productive economy

tu vidimo gubitak od 260 milijardi u ekonomiji proizvodnje

every year.

svake godine.

Well, the World Bank estimates

Svetska banka procenjuje

it would take about 10 billion dollars --

da je neophodno oko 10 milijardi dolara --

10.3 --

zapravo 10.3 milijarde--

to address malnutrition in those countries.

da se suočimo sa pothranjenošću u ovim zemljama.

You look at the cost-benefit analysis,

Vi gledate u analize isplativosti,

and my dream is to take this issue,

a moj je san da uzmem ovaj problem,

not just from the compassion argument,

ne samo zbog saosećanja,

but to the finance ministers of the world,

već da bih ga odnela ministrima finansija celog sveta

and say we cannot afford

i rekla da ne možemo priuštiti

to not invest

da ne ulažemo

in the access to adequate, affordable nutrition

u pristup adekvatnoj, pristupačnoj ishrani

for all of humanity.

za celo čovečanstvo.

The amazing thing I've found

Ono što sam otkrila jeste

is nothing can change on a big scale

da se ništa ne može promeniti na velikoj skali

without the determination of a leader.

bez odlučnosti lidera.

When a leader says, "Not under my watch,"

Kada lider kaže: "Ne pod mojim nadzorom",

everything begins to change.

sve se menja.

And the world can come in

I ceo svet može da uđe

with enabling environments and opportunities to do this.

sa podsticajnim okruženjima i mogućnostima da radi na ovome.

And the fact that France

Činjenica da je Francuska

has put food at the center of the G20

stavila hranu u centar G20 samita

is really important.

je veoma važna,

Because food is one issue

zbog toga što je problem hrane jedan od onih

that cannot be solved person by person, nation by nation.

koji osobe, a ni nacije ne mogu da reše same.

We have to stand together.

Moramo biti ujedinjeni.

And we're seeing nations in Africa.

Vidimo afričke nacije.

WFP's been able to leave 30 nations

Svetski program za hranu je mogao da napusti 30 nacija

because they have transformed

zato što su one promenile glad

the face of hunger in their nations.

u svojim zemljama.

What I would like to offer here is a challenge.

Ono što bih ovde ponudila je izazov.

I believe we're living at a time in human history

Mislim da živimo u onom trenutku u ljudskoj istoriji

where it's just simply unacceptable

gde je jednostavno neprihvatljivo

that children wake up

da se deca probude

and don't know where to find a cup of food.

i ne znaju gde da nađu šolju hrane.

Not only that,

Ne samo to,

transforming hunger

promena gladi je jedna prilika,

is an opportunity,

ali mislim da prvo treba da promenimo

but I think we have to change our mindsets.

naše viđenje problema.

I am so honored to be here

Čast mi je što sam ovde

with some of the world's top innovators and thinkers.

sa nekima od najboljih svetskih inovatora i mislioca.

And I would like you to join with all of humanity

Želela bih da se pridružite ostatku čovečanstva,

to draw a line in the sand

da povučemo liniju u pesku

and say, "No more.

i kažemo: "Ne više.

No more are we going to accept this."

Ovo više nećemo da prihvatimo".

And we want to tell our grandchildren

Želimo da našim unucima pričamo

that there was a terrible time in history

o strašnom vremenu u istoriji

where up to a third of the children

kada je i do trećina dece

had brains and bodies that were stunted,

imala zakržljale mozgove i tela,

but that exists no more.

ali koje više ne postoji.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)