Josette Sheeran: Ending hunger now

105,182 views ใƒป 2011-07-28

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yossi Strassler ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
Well after many years working in trade and economics,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื”
00:18
four years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื
00:20
I found myself working on the front lines
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช
00:22
of human vulnerability.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
00:25
And I found myself in the places
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
00:27
where people are fighting every day to survive
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ื‘ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื
00:30
and can't even obtain a meal.
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ื•ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืจื•ื—ื”
00:34
This red cup comes from Rwanda
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ื”ืกืคืœ ื”ืื“ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืจื•ืื ื“ื”
00:36
from a child named Fabian.
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ืžื™ืœื“ ื•ืฉืžื• ืคื‘ื™ืืŸ
00:38
And I carry this around
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ื•ืื ื™ ื ื•ืฉืืช ืื•ืชื• ืื™ืชื™
00:40
as a symbol, really, of the challenge
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ื›ืกืžืœ, ื‘ืืžืช, ืฉืœ ื”ืืชื’ืจ
00:42
and also the hope.
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ื•ื’ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื”
00:44
Because one cup of food a day
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืกืคืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื
00:46
changes Fabian's life completely.
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ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคื‘ื™ืืŸ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
00:49
But what I'd like to talk about today
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื•ื
00:52
is the fact that this morning,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ
00:55
about a billion people on Earth --
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ื‘ืขืจืš ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
00:57
or one out of every seven --
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ืื• ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืขื”
00:59
woke up and didn't even know
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ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืืคื™ืœื•
01:01
how to fill this cup.
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ืื™ืš ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืกืคืœ ื”ื–ื”
01:03
One out of every seven people.
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ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืข ืื ืฉื™ื
01:07
First, I'll ask you: Why should you care?
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ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืืฉืืœ ืืชื›ื ืžื“ื•ืข ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื›ืคืช ืœื›ื
01:09
Why should we care?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื›ืคืช ืœื ื•
01:11
For most people,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
01:13
if they think about hunger,
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ืื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืจืขื‘
01:15
they don't have to go far back on their own family history --
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ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื
01:18
maybe in their own lives, or their parents' lives,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ืื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื
01:20
or their grandparents' lives --
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ืื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื• ื”ืกื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
01:22
to remember an experience of hunger.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืขื‘
01:25
I rarely find an audience
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ืื ื™ ืžืชืงืฉื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืงื”ืœ
01:27
where people can go back very far without that experience.
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ืฉื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืœื ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
01:30
Some are driven by compassion,
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ืื—ื“ื™ื ื ื“ื—ืคื™ื ืข"ื™ ื—ืžืœื”
01:32
feel it's perhaps
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ืจื’ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื™
01:34
one of the fundamental acts of humanity.
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช
01:36
As Gandhi said,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื’ื ื“ื™ ืืžืจ
01:38
"To a hungry man, a piece of bread is the face of God."
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"ืœืื™ืฉ ืจืขื‘, ืคืจื•ืกืช ืœื—ื ื”ื™ื ืคื ื™ ื”ืืœ"
01:42
Others worry about peace and security,
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ืื—ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
01:45
stability in the world.
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ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื
01:47
We saw the food riots in 2008,
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘- 2008
01:50
after what I call the silent tsunami of hunger
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ื”ืฉืงื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื‘
01:53
swept the globe when food prices doubled overnight.
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ืฉืฉื˜ืฃ ืืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ืคืœื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืœื”
01:56
The destabilizing effects of hunger
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ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ื”ืžืขืจืขืจืช ืฉืœ ืจืขื‘
01:59
are known throughout human history.
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ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
02:01
One of the most fundamental acts of civilization
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ืื—ืช ืžื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”
02:04
is to ensure people can get enough food.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื•ื›ืœ
02:07
Others think about Malthusian nightmares.
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ืื—ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืกื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืœื˜ื•ืกื™ืื ื™ื™ื
02:11
Will we be able to feed a population
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ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”
02:14
that will be nine billion in just a few decades?
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ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืชืฉืขื” ืžืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื
02:17
This is not a negotiable thing, hunger.
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ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ, ื”ืจืขื‘
02:19
People have to eat.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ
02:21
There's going to be a lot of people.
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ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช (ื‘ืขื•ืœื) ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื
02:23
This is jobs and opportunity all the way up and down the value chain.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื•ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืขืจืš
02:27
But I actually came to this issue
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”
02:29
in a different way.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช
02:32
This is a picture of me and my three children.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื•ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื™ืœื“ื™
02:35
In 1987, I was a new mother
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ื‘- 1987 ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืžื ื—ื“ืฉื”
02:37
with my first child
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ืขื ื™ืœื“ืชื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
02:39
and was holding her and feeding her
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ืื—ื–ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื•ื”ืื›ืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื”
02:42
when an image very similar to this
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช
02:45
came on the television.
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ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืžืกืš ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”
02:48
And this was yet another famine in Ethiopia.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืจืขื‘ ื‘ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื”
02:51
One two years earlier
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ื•ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ
02:53
had killed more than a million people.
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ืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
02:56
But it never struck me as it did that moment,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื’ืข ื‘ื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉื–ื” ื ื’ืข ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข
02:59
because on that image
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช
03:01
was a woman trying to nurse her baby,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืืฉื” ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื ื™ืง ืืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื”
03:03
and she had no milk to nurse.
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื—ืœื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ื™ืง
03:07
And the baby's cry really penetrated me,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื›ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื“ืจ ืืœื™
03:10
as a mother.
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ื›ืืžื
03:12
And I thought, there's nothing more haunting
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื•ื“ืฃ
03:14
than the cry of a child
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ืžื‘ื›ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“
03:16
that cannot be returned with food --
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืข ืขื ืื•ื›ืœ
03:21
the most fundamental expectation of every human being.
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ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉ
03:24
And it was at that moment
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข
03:26
that I just was filled
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ืฉื ืชืžืœืืชื™
03:29
with the challenge and the outrage
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ื‘ืืชื’ืจ ื•ื‘ื–ืขื
03:32
that actually we know how to fix this problem.
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ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช
03:34
This isn't one of those rare diseases
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ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืื—ืช ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช
03:36
that we don't have the solution for.
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื”
03:39
We know how to fix hunger.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืจืขื‘
03:41
A hundred years ago, we didn't.
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ืœืคื ื™ 100 ืฉื ื™ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื•
03:43
We actually have the technology and systems.
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช
03:46
And I was just struck
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ื•ื ื“ื”ืžืชื™
03:49
that this is out of place.
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ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš
03:51
At our time in history, these images are out of place.
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ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื•, ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช
03:54
Well guess what?
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืชื ื—ืฉื• ืžื”
03:56
This is last week in northern Kenya.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงื ื™ื”
03:59
Yet again,
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘
04:01
the face of starvation
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ื”ืžืจืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื‘
04:03
at large scale
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ื‘ืžืžื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
04:05
with more than nine million people
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ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืฉืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
04:08
wondering if they can make it to the next day.
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ื”ืชื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื
04:11
In fact,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”
04:13
what we know now
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
04:15
is that every 10 seconds
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ืฉืžื“ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช
04:17
we lose a child to hunger.
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ืื ื• ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ืœื“ ืœืžืคืœืฆืช ื”ืจืขื‘
04:19
This is more
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:21
than HIV/AIDS,
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ืžืื™ื™ื“ืก
04:24
malaria and tuberculosis combined.
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ืžืœืจื™ื” ื•ืฉื—ืคืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“
04:27
And we know that the issue
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื ื•ืฉื
04:29
is not just production of food.
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ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ื›ืœ
04:32
One of my mentors in life
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
04:34
was Norman Borlaug, my hero.
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ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืจืžืŸ ื‘ื•ืœืื’, ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™
04:37
But today I'm going to talk about access to food,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืื•ื›ืœ
04:40
because actually this year and last year
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”
04:43
and during the 2008 food crisis,
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘- 2008
04:45
there was enough food on Earth
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
04:47
for everyone to have 2,700 kilocalories.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• 2,700 ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช
04:50
So why is it
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ืื ื›ืš ืžื“ื•ืข ืงื•ืจื”
04:53
that we have a billion people
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ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืžืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื
04:55
who can't find food?
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ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ื›ืœ
04:57
And I also want to talk about
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ื•ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ื’ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ
04:59
what I call our new burden of knowledge.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื”
05:01
In 2008,
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ื‘- 2008
05:03
Lancet compiled all the research
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ืœื ืฆื˜ ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืกืงื™ืจืช ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช
05:06
and put forward the compelling evidence
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ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืขืช
05:10
that if a child in its first thousand days --
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ืฉืื ื™ืœื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืืœืฃ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื•
05:13
from conception to two years old --
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ืžื”ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื” ืขื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื
05:16
does not have adequate nutrition,
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื ืื•ืชื”
05:18
the damage is irreversible.
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ื”ื ื–ืง ืื™ื ื• ื”ืคื™ืš
05:20
Their brains and bodies will be stunted.
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ืžื•ื—ื ื•ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืงื˜ื ื™ื
05:23
And here you see a brain scan of two children --
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ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืกืจื™ืงืช ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื
05:26
one who had adequate nutrition,
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ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื ืื•ืชื”
05:28
another, neglected
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ื•ื”ืื—ืจ, ืžื•ื–ื ื—
05:30
and who was deeply malnourished.
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ืชืช-ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื—ืจื™ืคื”
05:32
And we can see brain volumes
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื ืคื—ื™ ืžื•ื—
05:34
up to 40 percent less
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ืขื“ ืœ- 40% ืคื—ื•ืช
05:37
in these children.
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ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื›ืืœื”
05:39
And in this slide
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ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ืคื™ืช ื–ืืช
05:41
you see the neurons and the synapses of the brain
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืกื™ื ืคืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—
05:44
don't form.
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ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื
05:46
And what we know now is this has huge impact on economies,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืœื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขื ืงื™ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช
05:49
which I'll talk about later.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืื—ืจ ื›ืš
05:51
But also the earning potential of these children
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื”ืฉืชื›ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืœื”
05:54
is cut in half in their lifetime
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ื ื—ืชืš ืœื—ืฆื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
05:57
due to the stunting
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ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืงื˜ื ื”
05:59
that happens in early years.
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ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช
06:01
So this burden of knowledge drives me.
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื˜ืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื™
06:04
Because actually we know how to fix it
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืชืงืŸ ื–ืืช
06:07
very simply.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื•ื“
06:09
And yet, in many places,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื
06:11
a third of the children,
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ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื
06:13
by the time they're three
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ื‘ื”ื’ื™ืขื ืœื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ
06:15
already are facing a life of hardship
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ืฉื™
06:18
due to this.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ืืช
06:20
I'd like to talk about
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช
06:22
some of the things I've seen on the front lines of hunger,
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ืžืกืคืจ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจืขื‘
06:24
some of the things I've learned
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ืžืกืคืจ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™
06:27
in bringing my economic and trade knowledge
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ืžื›ืš ืฉืฆืจืคืชื™ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช
06:30
and my experience in the private sector.
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ื•ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™
06:34
I'd like to talk about where the gap of knowledge is.
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืคืขืจ ื”ื™ื“ืข
06:37
Well first, I'd like to talk about the oldest nutritional method on Earth,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื”ื–ื ื” ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช
06:40
breastfeeding.
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ื”ื ืงื”
06:42
You may be surprised to know
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ืืชื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืชืขื™ื ืœื“ืขืช
06:45
that a child could be saved every 22 seconds
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื™ืœื“ ื›ืœ 22 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช
06:48
if there was breastfeeding in the first six months of life.
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ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ืžื™ื ืงืช ื‘ืฉืฉืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื
06:53
But in Niger, for example,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื’'ืจ, ืœืžืฉืœ
06:56
less than seven percent of the children
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืž- 7% ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื
06:58
are breastfed
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ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื”ื ืงื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช
07:00
for the first six months of life, exclusively.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืฉืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื”ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื
07:03
In Mauritania, less than three percent.
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ื‘ืžืื•ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืคื—ื•ืช ืž- 3%
07:07
This is something that can be transformed with knowledge.
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ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื“ืข
07:11
This message, this word, can come out
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ืžืกืจ ื–ื”, ืงืจื™ืื” ื–ืืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืข
07:13
that this is not an old-fashioned way of doing business;
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ืฉื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืฉื ื” ืœืžืกื—ืจ
07:16
it's a brilliant way
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืจืš ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื”
07:18
of saving your child's life.
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ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœืš
07:20
And so today we focus on not just passing out food,
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ื•ืื ื›ืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืื•ื›ืœ
07:23
but making sure the mothers have enough enrichment,
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ืืœื ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœืืžื”ื•ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื“ื™ื”
07:26
and teaching them about breastfeeding.
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ื•ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชืŸ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืงื”
07:29
The second thing I'd like to talk about:
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ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื•
07:31
If you were living in a remote village somewhere,
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื ื™ื“ื— ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื
07:33
your child was limp,
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ื™ืœื“ืš ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืคื”
07:35
and you were in a drought, or you were in floods,
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ื•ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืช ืชื—ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืื• ืฉื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช
07:38
or you were in a situation where there wasn't adequate diversity of diet,
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ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช
07:41
what would you do?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืช ืขื•ืฉื”
07:43
Do you think you could go to the store
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ื”ืื ืืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœื—ื ื•ืช
07:45
and get a choice of power bars, like we can,
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ื•ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
07:48
and pick the right one to match?
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ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ืืช ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:50
Well I find parents out on the front lines
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆืืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช
07:53
very aware their children are going down for the count.
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ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื—ื“ ืขื ืชื•ื ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ื’ื•ื ื’
07:56
And I go to those shops, if there are any,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœืœ
07:59
or out to the fields to see what they can get,
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ืื• ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืœืฉื“ื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’
08:02
and they cannot obtain the nutrition.
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ื•ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ืœื”ื
08:05
Even if they know what they need to do, it's not available.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ืืช
08:08
And I'm very excited about this,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื ืจื’ืฉืช ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
08:10
because one thing we're working on
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœื™
08:13
is transforming the technologies
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
08:16
that are very available
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ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช
08:18
in the food industry
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ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ
08:20
to be available for traditional crops.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื
08:23
And this is made with chickpeas, dried milk
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืขื ื—ื•ืžื•ืก, ื—ืœื‘ ืžื™ื•ื‘ืฉ
08:26
and a host of vitamins,
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ื•ืžื‘ื—ืจ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื
08:28
matched to exactly what the brain needs.
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ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ื—
08:30
It costs 17 cents for us to produce this
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ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœื ื• 17 ืกื ื˜ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื–ืืช
08:33
as, what I call, food for humanity.
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ืžื”, ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ื‘ืฉื, ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช
08:36
We did this with food technologists
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ืขื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ
08:38
in India and Pakistan --
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ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ื‘ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ
08:41
really about three of them.
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ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื”ื
08:43
But this is transforming
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™
08:45
99 percent of the kids who get this.
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ืœ- 99% ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื–ืืช
08:47
One package, 17 cents a day --
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ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื—ืช, 17 ืกื ื˜ื™ื ืœื™ื•ื
08:50
their malnutrition is overcome.
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ื•ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ืชืช-ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื
08:52
So I am convinced
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขืช
08:54
that if we can unlock the technologies
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ืฉืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
08:57
that are commonplace in the richer world
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ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื
09:00
to be able to transform foods.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช
09:02
And this is climate-proof.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื
09:04
It doesn't need to be refrigerated, it doesn't need water,
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ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืื—ืกื ื• ื‘ืžืงืจืจ, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืžื™ื
09:06
which is often lacking.
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ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื—ืกืจื™ื
09:08
And these types of technologies,
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ื•ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
09:10
I see, have the potential
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ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ
09:12
to transform the face of hunger and nutrition, malnutrition
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืจืขื‘, ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื•ืชืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื”
09:15
out on the front lines.
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ืฉืžื” ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื‘ืง
09:18
The next thing I want to talk about is school feeding.
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ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ
09:20
Eighty percent of the people in the world
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ืœ- 80% ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
09:22
have no food safety net.
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ืื™ืŸ ืจืฉืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ื›ืœ
09:24
When disaster strikes --
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื›ื” ืืกื•ืŸ
09:27
the economy gets blown, people lose a job,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžืชืคืจืงืช, ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื
09:30
floods, war, conflict,
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ืฉื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช, ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื
09:32
bad governance, all of those things --
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ืžืžืฉืœ ื’ืจื•ืข, ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
09:34
there is nothing to fall back on.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื•
09:36
And usually the institutions --
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช
09:38
churches, temples, other things --
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ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช, ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
09:40
do not have the resources
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื
09:42
to provide a safety net.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืจืฉืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
09:44
What we have found working with the World Bank
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ืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™
09:46
is that the poor man's safety net,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืจืฉืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™
09:48
the best investment, is school feeding.
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ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ
09:50
And if you fill the cup
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ื•ืื ืืชื” ืžืžืœื ืืช ื”ืกืคืœ
09:52
with local agriculture from small farmers,
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ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื
09:55
you have a transformative effect.
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ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™
09:57
Many kids in the world can't go to school
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ
10:00
because they have to go beg and find a meal.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืœื›ืช ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืจื•ื—ื”
10:02
But when that food is there,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื ืžืฆื ืฉื
10:04
it's transformative.
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ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™
10:06
It costs less than 25 cents a day to change a kid's life.
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ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืž- 25 ืกื ื˜ ืœื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“
10:09
But what is most amazing is the effect on girls.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ื‘ื ื•ืช
10:12
In countries where girls don't go to school
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ
10:16
and you offer a meal to girls in school,
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ื•ืืชื” ืžืฆื™ืข ืืจื•ื—ื” ืœื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ
10:19
we see enrollment rates
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ืื ื• ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช
10:21
about 50 percent girls and boys.
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ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 50% ื‘ื ื•ืช ื•- 50% ื‘ื ื™ื
10:23
We see a transformation in attendance by girls.
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ืื ื• ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช
10:26
And there was no argument,
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื
10:28
because it's incentive.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง
10:30
Families need the help.
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ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœืขื–ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช
10:32
And we find that if we keep girls in school later,
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ื•ืื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื‘ื ื•ืช
10:34
they'll stay in school until they're 16,
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ื”ืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืขื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ืขืŸ ืœื’ื™ืœ 16
10:36
and won't get married if there's food in school.
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ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชื—ืชื ื•ืช ืื ื™ืฉ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ
10:39
Or if they get an extra ration of food
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ืื• ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ
10:41
at the end of the week --
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข
10:43
it costs about 50 cents --
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ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืขืจืš 50 ืกื ื˜
10:45
will keep a girl in school,
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ื™ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ
10:47
and they'll give birth to a healthier child,
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืชืœื“ื ื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:49
because the malnutrition is sent
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืชืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื”
10:52
generation to generation.
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ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ
10:55
We know that there's boom and bust cycles of hunger.
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืจืขื‘
10:57
We know this.
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช
10:59
Right now on the Horn of Africa, we've been through this before.
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ื–ื” ืขืชื” ื‘ืงืจืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ
11:02
So is this a hopeless cause?
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ืื ื›ืš, ื”ืื ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื˜ืจื” ื—ืกืจืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™
11:04
Absolutely not.
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ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื
11:08
I'd like to talk about what I call our warehouses for hope.
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ืžื—ืกืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื”
11:11
Cameroon, northern Cameroon, boom and bust cycles of hunger
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ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ, ื—ื•ื•ืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ื” ื•ื“ืขื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืจืขื‘
11:14
every year for decades.
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ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื
11:16
Food aid coming in every year
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ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”
11:19
when people are starving during the lean seasons.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื’ื•ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืจืขื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ื ื•ืช
11:23
Well two years ago,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื
11:25
we decided, let's transform the model of fighting hunger,
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ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื•, ื”ื‘ื” ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืจืขื‘
11:29
and instead of giving out the food aid, we put it into food banks.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืฉืžื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืื’ืจื™ื
11:32
And we said, listen,
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ื•ืืžืจื ื•, ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ื•
11:34
during the lean season, take the food out.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื–ื•ืช, ืชื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ
11:36
You manage, the village manages these warehouses.
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ืืชื ืชื ื”ืœื•, ื”ื›ืคืจ ืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
11:39
And during harvest, put it back with interest,
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืงืฆื™ืจ, ืชื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉืœืงื—ืชื ืขื ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช
11:41
food interest.
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ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ
11:43
So add in five percent, 10 percent more food.
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ื›ืš ืชื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 5 ืื—ื•ื–, 10 ืื—ื•ื– ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ
11:47
For the past two years,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
11:49
500 of these villages where these are
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500 ืžื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื
11:51
have not needed any food aid -- they're self-sufficient.
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ืœื ื ื–ืงืงื• ืœืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ -- ื”ื ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื
11:53
And the food banks are growing.
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ื•ืžื—ืกื ื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื’ื“ืœื™ื
11:55
And they're starting school feeding programs for their children
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ื•ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื
11:58
by the people in the village.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ
12:00
But they've never had the ability
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
12:02
to build even the basic infrastructure
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ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช
12:04
or the resources.
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ืื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื
12:06
I love this idea that came from the village level:
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ืžืจืžืช ื”ื›ืคืจ
12:08
three keys to unlock that warehouse.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืžื—ืกืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืœืชืคืงื“
12:11
Food is gold there.
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ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉื
12:13
And simple ideas can transform the face,
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ื•ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ
12:16
not of small areas,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื
12:18
of big areas of the world.
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ืืœื ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
12:20
I'd like to talk about what I call digital food.
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™
12:24
Technology is transforming
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืฉื ื”
12:27
the face of food vulnerability
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ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช (ืœื—ืกืจื•ืŸ) ืื•ื›ืœ
12:29
in places where you see classic famine.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืจืขื‘ ืงืœืืกื™
12:31
Amartya Sen won his Nobel Prize
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ืืžืจื˜ื™ื” ืกืŸ ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉืœื•
12:33
for saying, "Guess what, famines happen in the presence of food
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืžืจ, ื ื—ืฉื• ืžื”, "ืจืขื‘ ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœ
12:37
because people have no ability to buy it."
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•
12:40
We certainly saw that in 2008.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืจืื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ื‘- 2008
12:42
We're seeing that now in the Horn of Africa
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ืืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืงืจืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงื”
12:44
where food prices are up 240 percent in some areas
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขืœื• ื‘- 240% ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื
12:47
over last year.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”
12:49
Food can be there and people can't buy it.
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ืื•ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•
12:51
Well this picture -- I was in Hebron in a small shop, this shop,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ืืช -- ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื”, ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช
12:55
where instead of bringing in food,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ืœืง ืื•ื›ืœ
12:58
we provide digital food, a card.
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ืื ื• ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืื•ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™, ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก
13:01
It says "bon appetit" in Arabic.
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ "ื‘ืชืื‘ื•ืŸ" ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช
13:04
And the women can go in and swipe
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ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก
13:07
and get nine food items.
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ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉืขื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ
13:09
They have to be nutritious,
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ืขืœ ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื
13:11
and they have to be locally produced.
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ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœื•ืงืืœื™ืช.
13:13
And what's happened in the past year alone
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœื‘ื“ื”
13:15
is the dairy industry --
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ื”ื™ื ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื‘
13:17
where this card's used for milk and yogurt
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜
13:20
and eggs and hummus --
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ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืžื•ืก
13:22
the dairy industry has gone up 30 percent.
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ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ื—ืœื‘ ืฆืžื—ื” ื‘- 30 ืื—ื•ื–
13:25
The shopkeepers are hiring more people.
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื
13:27
It is a win-win-win situation
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ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื
13:29
that starts the food economy moving.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื›ืœื›ืœืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ
13:32
We now deliver food in over 30 countries
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž- 30 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
13:35
over cell phones,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืœืืคื•ื ื™ื
13:38
transforming even the presence of refugees in countries,
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ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
13:42
and other ways.
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช
13:44
Perhaps most exciting to me
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจื’ืฉ ืื•ืชื™
13:46
is an idea that Bill Gates, Howard Buffett and others
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ื”ื•ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก, ื”ืื•ื•ืจื“ ื‘ืืคื˜ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื
13:49
have supported boldly,
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ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืขื–ื”
13:51
which is to ask the question:
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”
13:53
What if, instead of looking at the hungry as victims --
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ืžื” ืื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื‘ื™ื ื›ืืฉืžื™ื
13:56
and most of them are small farmers
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ื ื—ื•ื•ืื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื
13:58
who cannot raise enough food or sell food
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ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ื“ืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื•ื›ืœ ืื• ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื•ื›ืœ
14:01
to even support their own families --
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืืช ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
14:03
what if we view them as the solution,
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ืžื” ืื ื ืจืื” ืื•ืชื ื›ืคืชืจื•ืŸ
14:06
as the value chain to fight hunger?
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ื›ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืจืขื‘
14:08
What if from the women in Africa
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ืžื” ืื ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
14:13
who cannot sell any food --
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ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื•ื›ืœ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•ื
14:15
there's no roads, there's no warehouses,
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ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืกื ื™ื
14:17
there's not even a tarp to pick the food up with --
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ืื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ
14:20
what if we give the enabling environment
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ืžื” ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช
14:22
for them to provide the food
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ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ
14:24
to feed the hungry children elsewhere?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืจืขื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ
14:27
And Purchasing for Progress today is in 21 countries.
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ื•"ืงื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืงื“ืžื”" ื ืžืฆืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘- 21 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
14:30
And guess what?
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ื•ื ื—ืฉื• ืžื”
14:32
In virtually every case,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื
14:34
when poor farmers are given a guaranteed market --
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ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ื›ืจื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื•ืง ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—
14:37
if you say, "We will buy 300 metric tons of this.
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ืื ืชืืžืจ, "ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืงื ื” 300 ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื–ื”
14:40
We'll pick it up. We'll make sure it's stored properly." --
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืืกื•ืฃ ื–ืืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื–ื” ื™ืื•ื›ืกืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื•ืœืžืช"
14:43
their yields have gone up two-, three-, fourfold
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ื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœืชื” ืคื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉื”, ืคื™ ืืจื‘ืข
14:46
and they figure it out,
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ื•ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
14:48
because it's the first guaranteed opportunity they've had in their life.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
14:51
And we're seeing people transform their lives.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
14:54
Today, food aid, our food aid --
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
14:57
huge engine --
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ืžื ื•ืข ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืขื ืงื™
14:59
80 percent of it is bought in the developing world.
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80% ืžืžื ื• ื ืจื›ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—
15:02
Total transformation
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ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื˜ื•ื˜ืœื™ืช
15:04
that can actually transform the very lives that need the food.
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ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœืื•ื›ืœ
15:08
Now you'd ask, can this be done at scale?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชืฉืืœื•, ื”ืื ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ
15:11
These are great ideas, village-level ideas.
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื›ืคืจ
15:14
Well I'd like to talk about Brazil,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ
15:16
because I've taken a journey to Brazil over the past couple of years,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืกื™ื™ืจืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
15:19
when I read that Brazil was defeating hunger
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืงืจืืชื™ ืฉื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ืžื‘ื™ืกื” ืืช ื”ืจืขื‘
15:21
faster than any nation on Earth right now.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ ืžื›ืœ ืื•ืžื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
15:23
And what I've found is,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉ
15:25
rather than investing their money in food subsidies
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ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืืช ื›ืกืคื ื‘ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ
15:27
and other things,
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
15:29
they invested in a school feeding program.
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ื”ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจื™ืช
15:31
And they require that a third of that food
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ื•ื”ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื”
15:33
come from the smallest farmers who would have no opportunity.
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ื™ื’ื™ืข ืžื—ืงืœืื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช
15:36
And they're doing this at huge scale
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ื•ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืžื“ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื
15:38
after President Lula declared his goal
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœื•ืœื” ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ืžื˜ืจืชื•
15:41
of ensuring everyone had three meals a day.
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ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” 3 ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื
15:44
And this zero hunger program
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ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ืืช ืœืืคืก ืจืขื‘
15:48
costs .5 percent of GDP
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ืขื•ืœื” ื—ืฆื™ ืื—ื•ื– ืชื•ืฆืจ
15:51
and has lifted many millions of people
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ื•ื”ืจื™ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
15:56
out of hunger and poverty.
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ืžืชื•ืš ืจืขื‘ ื•ืขื•ื ื™
15:58
It is transforming the face of hunger in Brazil,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืจืขื‘ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ
16:01
and it's at scale, and it's creating opportunities.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช
16:04
I've gone out there; I've met with the small farmers
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ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืœืฉื; ื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืขื ื”ื—ื•ื•ืื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื
16:07
who have built their livelihoods
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ืฉื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื ืกืชื
16:09
on the opportunity and platform
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื”
16:11
provided by this.
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ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช
16:14
Now if we look at the economic imperative here,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื• ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื›ืืŸ
16:16
this isn't just about compassion.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืžืœื”
16:19
The fact is studies show
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื
16:21
that the cost of malnutrition and hunger --
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ืฉื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืช-ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื•ืจืขื‘
16:24
the cost to society,
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ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื”
16:26
the burden it has to bear --
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ื”ื ื˜ืœ ืฉื”ืœืœื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื
16:28
is on average six percent,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข 6%
16:30
and in some countries up to 11 percent,
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ื•ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื“ 11%
16:32
of GDP a year.
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ืชื•ืฆืจ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืœืฉื ื”
16:35
And if you look at the 36 countries
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ื•ืื ืชืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื‘- 36 ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช
16:38
with the highest burden of malnutrition,
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ืขื ื”ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ืชืช-ืชื–ื•ื ื”
16:40
that's 260 billion lost from a productive economy
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ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื 260 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ืื‘ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื™ืฆืจื ื™ืช
16:43
every year.
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ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”
16:45
Well, the World Bank estimates
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืžืขืจื™ืš
16:47
it would take about 10 billion dollars --
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ืฉื™ื“ืจืฉื• ื›- 10 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
16:49
10.3 --
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10.3
16:51
to address malnutrition in those countries.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืชืช-ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
16:53
You look at the cost-benefit analysis,
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ืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืขืœื•ืช-ืชื•ืขืœืช
16:55
and my dream is to take this issue,
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ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืงื—ืช ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”
16:58
not just from the compassion argument,
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ืœื ืจืง ืžื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืžืœื”
17:01
but to the finance ministers of the world,
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ืืœื ืœืฉืจื™ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
17:03
and say we cannot afford
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ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
17:05
to not invest
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ืœื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข
17:07
in the access to adequate, affordable nutrition
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ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ื ื•ื—ื” ืœืชื–ื•ื ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื’ื”
17:10
for all of humanity.
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช
17:13
The amazing thing I've found
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™
17:16
is nothing can change on a big scale
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืชื• ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžืงืจื•
17:19
without the determination of a leader.
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ืœืœื ื”ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’
17:21
When a leader says, "Not under my watch,"
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืื•ืžืจ, "ืœื ื‘ืžืฉืžืจืช ืฉืœื™"
17:24
everything begins to change.
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ื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช
17:26
And the world can come in
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืจืขื‘
17:28
with enabling environments and opportunities to do this.
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ืขื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืื•ืชื•ืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ื–ืืช
17:31
And the fact that France
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ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืฆืจืคืช
17:33
has put food at the center of the G20
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ื”ืฆื™ืขื” ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”- "ื’ื™-20"
17:35
is really important.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘
17:37
Because food is one issue
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ื›ื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ืื—ื“
17:39
that cannot be solved person by person, nation by nation.
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ืฉืื™ื ื• ืคืชื™ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืฉืช ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ืื—ื“, ืื•ืžื” ืื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื”
17:42
We have to stand together.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื“
17:44
And we're seeing nations in Africa.
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ื•ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
17:46
WFP's been able to leave 30 nations
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ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืขื–ื•ื‘, 30 ืื•ืžื•ืช, 30 ืื•ืžื•ืช
17:49
because they have transformed
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™
17:51
the face of hunger in their nations.
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ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืจืขื‘ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
17:53
What I would like to offer here is a challenge.
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ืžื” ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืืชื’ืจ
17:58
I believe we're living at a time in human history
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
18:01
where it's just simply unacceptable
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ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืงื‘ื™ืœ
18:04
that children wake up
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ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ืชืขื•ืจืจื•
18:06
and don't know where to find a cup of food.
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ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืกืคืœ ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ
18:08
Not only that,
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ื•ืœื ื–ืืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“
18:10
transforming hunger
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ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืจืขื‘
18:12
is an opportunity,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
18:14
but I think we have to change our mindsets.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
18:17
I am so honored to be here
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ืื ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ
18:19
with some of the world's top innovators and thinkers.
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ืขื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
18:23
And I would like you to join with all of humanity
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ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช
18:27
to draw a line in the sand
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ืœืฉืจื˜ื˜ ืงื• ื‘ื—ื•ืœ
18:29
and say, "No more.
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ื•ืœืืžืจ, "ืœื ืขื•ื“
18:31
No more are we going to accept this."
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ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื–ืืช"
18:33
And we want to tell our grandchildren
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ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ื›ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
18:35
that there was a terrible time in history
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ืฉืคืขื ื”ื™ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื ื•ืจื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
18:37
where up to a third of the children
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ืฉื‘ื• ืขื“ ืœืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื
18:39
had brains and bodies that were stunted,
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ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžื•ืงื˜ื ื™ื
18:41
but that exists no more.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
18:43
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”
18:45
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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