What separates us from chimpanzees? | Jane Goodall

Prevodilac: Tereza Ivanovic Lektor: Tatjana Jevdjic

Good morning everyone. First of all, it's been fantastic

Dobro jutro svima. Prvo, bilo je fantastično

being here over these past few days.

boraviti ovde tokom prošlih nekoliko dana.

And secondly, I feel it's a great honor to kind of wind up

Drugo, osećam da je velika čast to, što ja zatvaram

this extraordinary gathering of people,

ovo izvanredno okupljanje ljudi,

these amazing talks that we've had.

ove izuzetne govore koje smo čuli.

I feel that I've fitted in, in many ways,

Na mnogo načina sam se uklopila

to some of the things that I've heard.

u neke stvari o kojima sam čula.

I came directly here

Došla sam direktno

from the deep, deep tropical rainforest in Ecuador,

iz dubokih tropskih prašuma Ekvadora,

where I was out -- you could only get there by a plane --

gde sam bila -- gde možete stići samo avionom --

with indigenous people with paint on their faces

sa domorocima koji boje svoja lica

and parrot feathers on their headdresses,

i nose, kao ukras na glavi, pera papagaja.

where these people are fighting to try and keep the oil companies,

Tamo se ljudi bore da zadrže naftne kompanije

and keep the roads, out of their forests.

i puteve van svojih šuma.

They're fighting to develop their own way of living within the forest

Oni se bore da razviju svoj način života unutar ovih šuma,

in a world that's clean, a world that isn't contaminated,

u svetu koji je čist, u svetu koji nije

a world that isn't polluted.

zagađen.

And what was so amazing to me, and what fits right in

Ono što mi je bilo neverovatno i ono što se uklapa

with what we're all talking about here at TED,

u govore ovde na TED-u,

is that there, right in the middle of this rainforest,

je da su tamo, usred prašume,

was some solar panels -- the first in that part of Ecuador --

bili solarni paneli -- prvi u tom delu Ekvadora --

and that was mainly to bring water up by pump

koji su doveli vodu gore pomoću pumpe,

so that the women wouldn't have to go down.

tako da žene ne moraju da silaze.

The water was cleaned, but because they got a lot of batteries,

Vodu su prečistili, a zbog dovoljno baterija

they were able to store a lot of electricity.

mogli su da sačuvaju mnogo struje.

So every house -- and there were, I think, eight houses

Svaka kuća -- mislim da je bilo osam

in this little community -- could have light

u ovoj maloj zajednici -- mogla je da ima osvetljenje

for, I think it was about half an hour each evening.

tokom pola sata svake večeri.

And there is the Chief, in all his regal finery, with a laptop computer.

Tu je i poglavica u kraljevskoj raskoši sa laptopom.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And this man, he has been outside, but he's gone back,

Ovaj čovek, koji je jedno vreme napustio zajednicu, ali se vratio,

and he was saying, "You know, we have suddenly jumped into

rekao je: "Znate, mi smo iznenada uskočili

a whole new era, and we didn't even know about the white man

u potpuno novu eru, pre 50 godina nismo ni znali

50 years ago, and now here we are with laptop computers,

da postoji beli čovek, a sad evo nas sa laptopom

and there are some things we want to learn from the modern world.

i želimo da saznamo neke stvari iz modernog sveta.

We want to know about health care.

Želimo da znamo o zaštiti zdravlja.

We want to know about what other people do -- we're interested in it.

Želimo da znamo, interesuje nas, šta drugi rade.

And we want to learn other languages.

Želimo da učimo jezike.

We want to know English and French and perhaps Chinese,

Želimo da znamo engleski, francuski, možda i kineski,

and we're good at languages."

jezici nam dobro idu."

So there he is with his little laptop computer,

Evo ga sa malim laptopom

but fighting against the might of the pressures --

boreći se protiv pritisaka --

because of the debt, the foreign debt of Ecuador --

zbog stranog duga Ekvadora --

fighting the pressure of World Bank, IMF, and of course

bori se protiv pritisaka Svetske banke, MMF-a

the people who want to exploit the forests and take out the oil.

i protiv ljudi koji žele da eksploatišu šume i vade naftu.

And so, coming directly from there to here.

Dolazim direktno odande.

But, of course, my real field of expertise

Moje polje stručnosti

lies in an even different kind of civilization --

leži u drugačijoj vrsti civilizacije --

I can't really call it a civilization.

zapravo, ne mogu je nazvati civilizacijom.

A different way of life, a different being.

To je drugačiji način života, drugačije bitisanje.

We've talked earlier -- this wonderful talk by Wade Davis

Govorili smo ranije -- ovaj divan govor Vejda Dejvisa

about the different cultures of the humans around the world --

o različitim ljudskim kulturama u svetu --

but the world is not composed only of human beings;

ali svet se ne sastoji samo od ljudskih bića,

there are also other animal beings.

postoje i druga životinjska bića.

And I propose to bring into this TED conference,

Nudim ovoj TED konferenciji,

as I always do around the world, the voice of the animal kingdom.

kao što to uvek činim, glas životinjskog carstva.

Too often we just see a few slides, or a bit of film,

Često vidimo samo nekoliko slajdova ili deo filma,

but these beings have voices that mean something.

ali ova bića imaju glas koji nešto znači.

And so, I want to give you a greeting,

Želim da vas pozdravim

as from a chimpanzee in the forests of Tanzania --

kao šimpanza iz šuma Tanzanije --

Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh!

Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh!

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

I've been studying chimpanzees in Tanzania since 1960.

Od 1960. proučavam šimpanze u Tanzaniji.

During that time, there have been modern technologies

Za to vreme moderna tehnologija

that have really transformed the way

je zaista promenila način rada

that field biologists do their work.

biologa na terenu.

For example, for the first time, a few years ago,

Na primer, prvi put smo mogli, pre nekoliko godina,

by simply collecting little fecal samples

jednostavnim sakupljanjem fekalnih ostataka

we were able to have them analyzed -- to have DNA profiling done --

da uradimo analize -- da se uradi DNK profilisanje --

so for the first time, we actually know which male chimps

i tako smo po prvi put mogli tačno da odredimo

are the fathers of each individual infant.

koji su mužjaci šimpanze očevi mladunaca.

Because the chimps have a very promiscuous mating society.

Šimpanze imaju vrlo promiskuitetno društvo.

So this opens up a whole new avenue of research.

Ovo nam otvara nove puteve istraživanja.

And we use GSI -- geographic whatever it is, GSI --

Koristimo GSI -- geografski, šta god da je, GSI --

to determine the range of the chimps.

da odredimo kretanje šimpanzi.

And we're using -- you can see that I'm not really into this kind of stuff --

I koristimo -- vidite da nisam baš vešta sa ovim stvarima --

but we're using satellite imagery

koristimo satelitske snimke

to look at the deforestation in the area.

za prikazivanje uništavanja šuma na tom području.

And of course, there's developments in infrared,

Naravno, razvija se i infracrvena,

so you can watch animals at night,

pa možete posmatrati životinje noću,

and equipment for recording by video,

a oprema za snimanje videa

and tape recording is getting lighter and better.

i zvuka postaje lakša i bolja.

So in many, many ways, we can do things today

Danas možemo da uradimo na mnogo načina one

that we couldn't do when I began in 1960.

stvari koje nismo mogli, kada sam ja počela 1960.

Especially when chimpanzees, and other animals

Naročito kada se šimpanze i druge životinje

with large brains, are studied in captivity,

sa velikim mozgom proučavaju zatočene,

modern technology is helping us to search

moderna tehnologija pomaže da se istraže

for the upper levels of cognition in some of these non-human animals.

viši saznajni nivoi kod ovih ne-ljudskih životinja.

So that we know today, they're capable of performances

Danas znamo da su one sposobne za performanse

that would have been thought absolutely impossible

za koje se mislilo da su nemoguće

by science when I began.

tada, kada sam ja počela.

I think the chimpanzee in captivity who is the most skilled

Šimpanza koja je u zatočeništvu,

in intellectual performance is one called Ai in Japan --

najveštija u umnim performansama je Ai, u Japanu --

her name means love --

njeno ime znači ljubav --

and she has a wonderfully sensitive partner working with her.

ona ima divnog, osećajnog partnera koji radi sa njom.

She loves her computer --

Ona voli svoj kompjuter --

she'll leave her big group, and her running water,

napustiće svoju veliku grupu, svoju tekuću vodu,

and her trees and everything.

drveće i sve ostalo.

And she'll come in to sit at this computer --

Ući će da bi sela za ovaj kompjuter --

it's like a video game for a kid; she's hooked.

ovo je kao video igrica za dete; upecala se.

She's 28, by the way, and she does things with her computer screen

Ona ima 28 godina i može da radi na ekranu

and a touch pad that she can do faster than most humans.

i touch pad-u brže od bilo kog čoveka.

She does very complex tasks, and I haven't got time to go into them,

Radi složene zadatke, ne mogu sad da ulazim u to,

but the amazing thing about this female is

ali ono što je neverovanto, ova ženka

she doesn't like making mistakes.

ne voli da greši.

If she has a bad run, and her score isn't good,

Kad joj loše ide i ima loš rezultat,

she'll come and reach up and tap on the glass --

doći će i udaraće po staklu --

because she can't see the experimenter --

jer ne vidi osobu koja vrši eksperiment --

which is asking to have another go.

i to je molba za još jednu priliku.

And her concentration -- she's already concentrated hard

A njena koncentracija -- a već se više od 20 minuta

for 20 minutes or so, and now she wants to do it all over again,

napreže i želi sve da ponovi

just for the satisfaction of having done it better.

zbog zadovoljstva da je uradila bolje.

And the food is not important -- she does get a tiny reward,

Hrana nije važna -- dobija malu nagradu

like one raisin for a correct response --

za tačan odgovor, jednu grožđicu --

but she will do it for nothing, if you tell her beforehand.

ali uradiće i bez toga, ako joj se kaže unapred.

So here we are, a chimpanzee using a computer.

Evo, šimpanza koja koristi komjuter.

Chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans also learn human sign language.

Šimpanze, gorile, orangutani takođe uče znakovni jezik.

But the point is that when I was first in Gombe in 1960 --

Poenta je, kada sam prvi put bila u Gombeu 1960. --

I remember so well, so vividly, as though it was yesterday --

dobro se sećam, jasno, kao da je bilo juče,

the first time, when I was going through the vegetation,

kada sam gazila po rastinju,

the chimpanzees were still running away from me, for the most part,

šimpanze su još uvek bežale od mene

although some were a little bit acclimatized --

iako su se neke već privikle --

and I saw this dark shape, hunched over a termite mound,

videla sam ovu tamnu figuru, nagnutu nad humkom termita

and I peered with my binoculars.

i virila sam kroz dvogled.

It was, fortunately, one adult male whom I'd named David Greybeard --

Bio je to jedan odrasli mužjak kojeg sam nazvala Dejvid Sivobradi,

and by the way, science at that time was telling me that I shouldn't name the chimps;

a u nauci, tada, nije trebabalo davati imena šimpanzama

they should all have numbers; that was more scientific.

nego brojeve, to je bilo više u skladu sa naukom.

Anyway, David Greybeard -- and I saw that

Videla sam Dejvida Sivobradog

he was picking little pieces of grass and using them

kako kida travčice da bi njima

to fish termites from their underground nest.

upecao termite iz njihovog podzemnog gnezda.

And not only that -- he would sometimes pick a leafy twig

I ne samo to -- nekad bi uzeo grančicu sa lišćem

and strip the leaves --

i pokidao lišće --

modifying an object to make it suitable for a specific purpose --

preoblikujući predmet da bi ga napravio pogodnijim za posebnu namenu --

the beginning of tool-making.

to je početak pravljenja alata.

The reason this was so exciting and such a breakthrough

Ovo je bilo veoma uzbudljivo, istovremeno i veliki napredak

is at that time, it was thought that humans,

tada, jer se mislilo da samo čovek

and only humans, used and made tools.

isključivo čovek, koristi i pravi alate.

When I was at school, we were defined as man, the toolmaker.

Kada sam bila u školi, bili smo definisani kao ljudi, tvorci alata.

So that when Louis Leakey, my mentor, heard this news,

Kada je Luis Liki, moj mentor, čuo za ove novosti

he said, "Ah, we must now redefine 'man,' redefine 'tool,'

rekao je: "Sada moramo ponovo definisati šta je čovek, šta je alat

or accept chimpanzees as humans."

ili da prihvatimo šimpanze kao ljudska bića."

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

We now know that at Gombe alone, there are nine different ways

Sada znamo da, samo u Gombeu, postoji devet različitih načina

in which chimpanzees use different objects for different purposes.

na koji šimpanze koriste razne predmete za razne namene.

Moreover, we know that in different parts of Africa,

Štaviše, znamo da u različitim delovima Afrike,

wherever chimps have been studied,

gde god smo proučavali šimpanze,

there are completely different tool-using behaviors.

postoje potpuno različiti načini korišćenja alata.

And because it seems that these patterns are passed

Ovi obrasci su preneseni

from one generation to the next, through observation,

sa generacije na generaciju posmatranjem,

imitation and practice -- that is a definition of human culture.

oponašanjem i vežbanjem -- to je definicija kulture čovečanstva.

What we find is that over these 40-odd years

Tokom ovih 40 godina, koliko smo

that I and others have been studying chimpanzees

proučavali šimpanze

and the other great apes, and, as I say, other mammals

i druge majmune i sisare,

with complex brains and social systems,

koji imaju složen mozak i društveni sistem,

we have found that after all, there isn't a sharp line

otkrili smo da ne postoji oštra linija

dividing humans from the rest of the animal kingdom.

koja razdvaja čoveka od ostatka životinjskog carstva.

It's a very wuzzy line.

To je veoma nejasna linija.

It's getting wuzzier all the time as we find animals doing things

Kako otkrivamo da životinje rade ono što smo mislili

that we, in our arrogance, used to think was just human.

da samo čovek radi, ova linija postaje još bleđa.

The chimps -- there's no time to discuss their fascinating lives --

Šimpanze -- sada nemamo vremena da raspravljamo o njihovom fascinantnom životu --

but they have this long childhood, five years

imaju dugačko detinjstvo, pet godina

of suckling and sleeping with the mother,

sisaju majku i spavaju s njom

and then another three, four or five years

i još tri, četiri ili pet godina su

of emotional dependence on her, even when the next child is born.

emotivno zavisni od nje, čak i ako se rodi drugo mladunče.

The importance of learning in that time, when behavior is flexible --

Važno je učiti tada, kada je ponašanje fleksibilno --

and there's an awful lot to learn in chimpanzee society.

a ima strašno mnogo da se uči u svetu šimpanzi.

The long-term affectionate supportive bonds

Ove dugotrajne, nežne veze koje pružaju podršku,

that develop throughout this long childhood with the mother,

razvijaju se potpuno tokom dugog detinjstva

with the brothers and sisters,

među braćom i sestrama i majkom,

and which can last through a lifetime,

i mogu trajati ceo život,

which may be up to 60 years.

čak 60 godina.

They can actually live longer than 60 in captivity,

Zatočene, mogu da žive i duže od 60 godina,

so we've only done 40 years in the wild so far.

a mi ih istražujemo tek 40 godina u divljini.

And we find chimps are capable of true compassion and altruism.

Otkrili smo da šimpanze mogu biti saosećajne i nesebične.

We find in their non-verbal communication -- this is very rich --

Otkrili smo da je njihova neverbalna komunikacija veoma bogata,

they have a lot of sounds, which they use in different circumstances,

imaju mnogo glasova koje koriste u raznim okolnostima,

but they also use touch, posture, gesture,

a koriste i dodir, pokrete, imaju stav

and what do they do?

i šta rade?

They kiss; they embrace; they hold hands.

Ljube se, grle se, drže se za ruke.

They pat one another on the back; they swagger; they shake their fist --

Maze jedan drugog po leđima, šepure se, rukuju se, prete pesnicama --

the kind of things that we do,

čine stvari koje i mi činimo

and they do them in the same kind of context.

i to u istom kontekstu.

They have very sophisticated cooperation.

Imaju veoma uzvišenu saradnju.

Sometimes they hunt -- not that often,

Kada love -- ne baš često,

but when they hunt, they show sophisticated cooperation,

ali kada love, sarađuju i

and they share the prey.

dele plen.

We find that they show emotions, similar to -- maybe sometimes the same --

Pokazuju osećanja slična -- ponekad čak ista --

as those that we describe in ourselves as happiness, sadness, fear, despair.

onima, koja opisujemo kao sreću, tugu, strah, očaj.

They know mental as well as physical suffering.

Poznata im je duševna i fizička patnja.

And I don't have time to go into the information

Nemam sad vremena da dokazujem

that will prove some of these things to you,

ove stvari,

save to say that there are very bright students, in the best universities,

ali ima mnogo sjajnih studenata na najboljim univerzitetima

studying emotions in animals, studying personalities in animals.

koji proučavaju životinje i njihove ličnosti.

We know that chimpanzees and some other creatures

Znamo da šimpanze i druga stvorenja

can recognize themselves in mirrors -- "self" as opposed to "other."

mogu da prepoznaju sebe u ogledalu -- "sebe" naspram "drugog".

They have a sense of humor, and these are the kind of things

Imaju osećaj za humor i ovo su stvari

which traditionally have been thought of as human prerogatives.

za koje se smatra da su privilegije čoveka.

But this teaches us a new respect -- and it's a new respect

Ovo nas uči drugačijem poštovanju -- novom poštovanju

not only for the chimpanzees, I suggest,

ne samo prema šimpanzama,

but some of the other amazing animals with whom we share this planet.

nego i prema drugim čudesnim životinjama sa kojima delimo našu planetu.

Once we're prepared to admit that after all,

Kada smo spremni da priznamo,

we're not the only beings with personalities, minds

da nismo jedina bića koja imaju ličnost, um

and above all feelings, and then we start to think

i iznad svega osećanja i kada počinjemo da razmišljamo

about ways we use and abuse

o tome kako iskorišćavamo i zloupotrebljavamo

so many other sentient, sapient creatures on this planet,

mnoga pametna, živa stvorenja na zemlji,

it really gives cause for deep shame, at least for me.

imamo razloga da se stidimo, ja bar imam.

So, the sad thing is that these chimpanzees --

Žalosno je da ove šimpanze --

who've perhaps taught us, more than any other creature, a little humility --

koje su nas, više nego druga stvorenja, naučile bar malo smernosti --

are in the wild, disappearing very fast.

su u divljini i veoma brzo nestaju.

They're disappearing for the reasons

Nestaju iz razloga

that all of you in this room know only too well.

koji su svima vama ovde dobro poznati.

The deforestation, the growth of human populations, needing more land.

Razlozi su uništavanje šuma, porast ljudske populacije, potreba za zemljištem.

They're disappearing because some timber companies

One nestaju jer neke drvne kompanije

go in with clear-cutting.

dolaze sa jasnim ciljevima.

They're disappearing in the heart of their range in Africa

One nestaju u srcu svog boravišta u Africi,

because the big multinational logging companies have come in and made roads --

jer su došle velike multinacionalne drvne kompanije i napravile puteve --

as they want to do in Ecuador

kao što to žele u Ekvadoru

and other parts where the forests remain untouched --

i drugim mestima gde su šume ostale netaknute --

to take out oil or timber.

da bi vadile naftu i nosile drvo.

And this has led in Congo basin, and other parts of the world,

Ovo je dovelo u slivu Konga i drugim delovima sveta

to what is known as the bush-meat trade.

do nečega, što se zove "trgovina mesom iz žbunja" .

This means that although for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years,

Ovo znači da, iako su stotinama, možda hiljadama godina

people have lived in those forests, or whatever habitat it is,

ljudi živeli u tim šumama ili kakvom god boravištu,

in harmony with their world, just killing the animals they need

u skladu sa svojim svetom, ubijajući samo životinje potrebne

for themselves and their families --

njima ili njihovim porodicama --

now, suddenly, because of the roads,

sada, zbog puteva,

the hunters can go in from the towns.

lovci mogu dolaziti iz gradova.

They shoot everything, every single thing that moves

Oni pucaju na sve što se kreće,

that's bigger than a small rat; they sun-dry it or smoke it.

a veće je od malenog pacova i suše ih ili nadime.

And now they've got transport; they take it on the logging trucks

Sada imaju i prevoz, natovare to na kamione sa balvanima

or the mining trucks into the towns where they sell it.

ili na kamione za prevoz ruda, nose u grad i prodaju.

And people will pay more for bush-meat, as it's called,

Ljudi plaćaju više za takozvano "meso iz žbunja"

than for domestic meat -- it's culturally preferred.

nego za domaće meso -- kulturološki je poželjnije.

And it's not sustainable, and the huge logging camps in the forest

Ovo nije održivo, kampovi drvoseča

are now demanding meat, so the Pygmy hunters in the Congo basin

zahtevaju meso, zato Pigmeji lovci u slivu Konga,

who've lived there with their wonderful way of living

koji su živeli tamo svojim divnim načinom života

for so many hundreds of years are now corrupted.

stotinama godina, sada su podmićeni.

They're given weapons; they shoot for the logging camps; they get money.

Daje im se oružje, pa love za kampove i dobijaju novac.

Their culture is being destroyed,

uništava im se kultura,

along with the animals upon whom they depend.

kao i životinje od kojih zavise.

So, when the logging camp moves, there's nothing left.

Zato, kada se kampovi odsele, ništa ne ostaje.

We talked already about the loss of human cultural diversity,

Već smo pričali o gubitku kulturne raznolikosti,

and I've seen it happening with my own eyes.

a videla sam i svojim očima da se to dešava.

And the grim picture in Africa -- I love Africa,

Sumorna slika Afrike -- volim Afriku,

and what do we see in Africa?

šta vidimo u Africi?

We see deforestation;

Vidimo uništavanje šuma,

we see the desert spreading; we see massive hunger;

vidimo kako se širi pustinja, vidimo masovnu glad,

we see disease and we see population growth in areas

bolesti i porast stanovništva u onim područjima

where there are more people living on a certain piece of land

gde više ljudi živi na određenom parčetu zemlje

than the land can possibly support,

nego što zemlja može da izdrži,

and they're too poor to buy food from elsewhere.

a oni su previše siromašni da bi kupovali hranu negde drugde.

Were the people that we heard about yesterday,

Da li su ljudi, o kojima smo juče slušali,

on the Easter Island, who cut down their last tree -- were they stupid?

na Uskršnjim ostrvima, koji su posekli poslednje drvo -- jesu li bili glupi?

Didn't they know what was happening?

Zar nisu znali šta se dešava?

Of course, but if you've seen the crippling poverty

Naravno da jesu, ali kada vidite pogubno siromaštvo

in some of these parts of the world

u ovim delovima sveta,

it isn't a question of "Let's leave the tree for tomorrow."

onda se ne pita: "Hajde da ostavimo drvo za sutra.",

"How am I going to feed my family today?

nego: "Kako ću prehraniti porodicu danas?

Maybe I can get just a few dollars from this last tree

Možda ću dobiti nekoliko dolara za poslednje drvo

which will keep us going a little bit longer,

koji će nas održati još malo,

and then we'll pray that something will happen

a onda ćemo se moliti da se nešto desi

to save us from the inevitable end."

i da nas spase neminovnog kraja."

So, this is a pretty grim picture.

Ovo je prilično sumorna slika.

The one thing we have, which makes us so different

Jedna stvar koju imamo i po čemu se razlikujemo

from chimpanzees or other living creatures,

od šimpanzi i ostalih živih bića

is this sophisticated spoken language --

je prefinjeni govorni jezik --

a language with which we can tell children

jezik, pomoću kojeg možemo pričati deci

about things that aren't here.

o stvarima kojih ovde nema.

We can talk about the distant past, plan for the distant future,

Možemo govoriti o dalekoj prošlosti, o planu za daleku budućnost,

discuss ideas with each other,

možemo međusobno diskutovati o idejama,

so that the ideas can grow from the accumulated wisdom of a group.

tako da se ideje mogu uvećavati iz nagomilane mudrosti grupe.

We can do it by talking to each other;

Ovo možemo činiti razgovarajući jedan s drugim,

we can do it through video; we can do it through the written word.

možemo preko videa ili uz pomoć pisane reči.

And we are abusing this great power we have to be wise stewards,

Zloupotrebljavamo ovu veliku moć da mudro rukovodimo

and we're destroying the world.

i uništavamo svet.

In the developed world, in a way, it's worse,

U razvijenom svetu je još gore,

because we have so much access to knowledge

jer nam je dostupno znanje

of the stupidity of what we're doing.

o glupostima koje činimo.

Do you know, we're bringing little babies

Rađaju se bebe

into a world where, in many places, the water is poisoning them?

i na mnogim područjima truju se vodom.

And the air is harming them, and the food that's grown

Štetan je i vazduh i hrana koja se uzgaja

from the contaminated land is poisoning them.

na zagađenom tlu i to ih truje.

And that's not just in the far-away developing world; that's everywhere.

To se ne dešava samo u dalekim razvijenim zemljama, svuda je tako.

Do you know we all have about 50 chemicals

Znate li da u telu imamo oko 50 vrsta hemikalija

in our bodies we didn't have about 50 years ago?

koje pre 50 godina nismo imali?

And so many of these diseases, like asthma

Mnoge bolesti, kao što je astma

and certain kinds of cancers, are on the increase

i određene vrste kancera, su u porastu

around places where our filthy toxic waste is dumped.

blizu mesta gde se baca naš prljav otpad?

We're harming ourselves around the world,

Činimo zlo sebi u celom svetu,

as well as harming the animals, as well as harming nature herself --

a i životinjama kao i samoj prirodi --

Mother Nature, that brought us into being;

majci prirodi, koja nas je stvorila,

Mother Nature, where I believe we need to spend time,

majci prirodi, gde treba da provodimo vreme,

where there's trees and flowers and birds

gde se nalazi drveće i cveće i ptice potrebne

for our good psychological development.

za naš dobar psihološki razvoj.

And yet, there are hundreds and hundreds of children

Pa ipak, na stotine dece

in the developed world who never see nature,

u razvijenom svetu nikad nije videlo prirodu,

because they're growing up in concrete

jer odrastaju na betonu

and all they know is virtual reality,

i poznaju samo virtuelnu stvarnost,

with no opportunity to go and lie in the sun,

bez mogućnosti da se izležavaju na suncu,

or in the forest, with the dappled sun-specks

ili da budu u šumi gde se mestimično probijaju

coming down from the canopy above.

sunčevi zraci.

As I was traveling around the world, you know,

Zbog putovanja po svetu

I had to leave the forest -- that's where I love to be.

morala sam da napustim mesto gde volim da budem - šumu.

I had to leave these fascinating chimpanzees

Morala sam da napustim ove fascinantne šimpanze

for my students and field staff to continue studying

da ih moji studenti i terenske kolege dalje proučavaju

because, finding they dwindled from about two million

jer se njihov broj smanjio sa dva miliona

100 years ago to about 150,000 now,

pre 100 godina na sadašnjih 150 000.

I knew I had to leave the forest to do what I could

Znala sam da moram da napustim šumu da bih

to raise awareness around the world.

podigla svest o ovome širom sveta.

And the more I talked about the chimpanzees' plight,

Što sam više govorila o stradanju šimpanzi

the more I realized the fact that everything's interconnected,

sve sam više shvatala da je sve međusobno povezano

and the problems of the developing world

i da problemi zemalja u razvoju

so often stem from the greed of the developed world,

često potiču od pohlepe razvijenog sveta

and everything was joining together, and making -- not sense,

i sve se udružilo i postalo bezumno --

hope lies in sense, you said -- it's making a nonsense.

a nada leži u razumu -- sve se pretvorilo u besmislicu.

How can we do it?

Kako možemo ovako postupati?

Somebody said that yesterday.

To je neko juče rekao.

And as I was traveling around, I kept meeting young people who'd lost hope.

Na proputovanjima stalno sam sretala mlade ljude koji su izgubili nadu.

They were feeling despair,

Osećali su očaj:

they were feeling, "Well, it doesn't matter what we do;

"Nije bitno šta radimo,

eat, drink and be merry, for tomorrow we die.

da li jedemo, pijemo ili smo veseli, ionako ćemo sutra umreti.

Everything is hopeless -- we're always being told so by the media."

Sve je beznadežno -- to nam stalno poručuju mediji."

And then I met some who were angry,

Zatim sam srela neke ljude koji su bili gnevni,

and anger that can turn to violence,

a gnev se može pretvoriti u nasilje

and we're all familiar with that.

što nam je vrlo poznato.

And I have three little grandchildren,

Imam troje unučadi

and when some of these students would say to me

i kada mi neko od mojih studenata na fakultetu kaže:

at high school or university, they'd say, "We're angry,"

"Mi smo gnevni",

or "We're filled with despair, because we feel

ili: "Ispunjava nas očaj jer osećamo

you've compromised our future, and there's nothing we can do about it."

da ste nam ugrozili budućnost i tu nema pomoći."

And I looked in the eyes of my little grandchildren,

Onda pogledam u oči mojih unučadi i pomislim

and think how much we've harmed this planet since I was their age.

koliko smo oštetili ovu planetu od vremena kad sam bila njihovih godina.

I feel this deep shame, and that's why in 1991 in Tanzania,

Osećam veliku sramotu i zato sam u Tanzaniji, 1991. godine

I started a program that's called Roots and Shoots.

pokrenula program Koreni i izdanci.

There's little brochures all around outside,

Imate ovde brošure o tome

and if any of you have anything to do with children and care about their future,

i ako imate bilo kakve veze sa decom i brinete za njihovu budućnost,

I beg that you pick up that brochure.

molim vas uzmite brošuru.

And Roots and Shoots is a program for hope.

Koreni i izdanci su program nade.

Roots make a firm foundation.

Koreni su čvrsta osnova.

Shoots seem tiny,

Izdanci izgledaju tanano,

but to reach the sun they can break through brick walls.

ali stižu do sunca, mogu se probiti i kroz debele zidove.

See the brick walls as all the problems

Posmatrajte zidove kao probleme

that we've inflicted on this planet.

koje smo zadali ovoj planeti.

Then, you see, it is a message of hope.

Znate, ovo je poruka nade.

Hundreds and thousands of young people around the world

Stotine i hiljade mladih ljudi širom sveta

can break through, and can make this a better world.

mogu da sruše ove zidove i da stvore bolji svet.

And the most important message of Roots and Shoots

Najvažnija poruka programa Koreni i izdanci

is that every single individual makes a difference.

je da je svaki pojedinac važan.

Every individual has a role to play.

Svako ima svoju ulogu.

Every one of us impacts the world around us everyday,

Svako od nas utiče na svet svakog dana

and you scientists know that you can't actually --

i naučnici znaju to da

even if you stay in bed all day, you're breathing oxygen

čak iako ostanete u krevetu ceo dan, vi dišete

and giving out CO2, and probably going to the loo,

i oslobađate CO2, a idete i u toalet,

and things like that --

i takve stvari --

you're making a difference in the world.

i utičete na svet.

So, the Roots and Shoots program

Program Koreni i izdanci

involves youth in three kinds of projects.

uključuje omladinu u tri vrste projekata.

And these are projects to make the world around them a better place.

Pomoću ovih projekata oni će poboljšati svet.

One project to show care and concern for your own human community.

Jedan od projekata pokazuje brigu za ljudsku zajednicu.

One for animals, including domestic animals -- and I have to say,

Jedan pokazuje brigu za životinje, uključujući i domaće --

I learned everything I know about animal behavior

i moram da kažem, naučila sam sve o ponašanju životinja,

even before I got to Gombe and the chimps from my dog, Rusty,

čak i pre nego što sam stigla u Gombe i do šimpanzi, od mog psa Rastija,

who was my childhood companion.

koji je bio moj pratilac u detinjstvu.

And the third kind of project: something for the local environment.

A treća vrsta projekata je nešto za lokalno okruženje.

So what the kids do depends first of all, how old are they --

Šta će deca raditi, to zavisi od njihovog uzrasta --

and we go now from pre-school right through university.

a krećemo od predškolskog perioda pa do fakulteta.

It's going to depend whether they're inner-city or rural.

Projekat zavisi i od toga da li su u gradskoj sredini ili ruralnoj.

It's going to depend if they're wealthy or impoverished.

Zavisi i od toga da li su bogati ili osiromašeni.

It's going to depend which part, say, of America they're in.

Zavisi i od toga u kom se delu Amerike nalaze.

We're in every state now, and the problems in Florida

Obišli smo sve države i problemi na Floridi

are different from the problems in New York.

su drugačiji od problema u Njujorku.

It's going to depend on which country they're in --

Zavisiće i od toga u kojoj su državi --

and we're already in 60-plus countries, with about 5,000 active groups --

već nas ima u 60 - sa oko 5 000 aktivnih grupa --

and there are groups all over the place that I keep hearing about

postoje i mnoge grupe o kojima ranije nisam čula

that I've never even heard of, because the kids are taking the program

jer se deca uključuju u program

and spreading it themselves.

i sama ga šire.

Why?

Zašto?

Because they're buying into it,

Zato što to sami zahtevaju

and they're the ones who get to decide what they're going to do.

i oni odlučuju šta će činiti.

It isn't something that their parents tell them,

Ne govore im to ni roditelji

or their teachers tell them.

ni učitelji.

That's effective, but if they decide themselves,

Ovo je efikasno i ako sami odluče:

"We want to clean this river

"Želimo da očistimo ovu reku

and put the fish back that used to be there.

i da vratimo ribe.

We want to clear away the toxic soil

Želimo da očistimo ovo zagađeno tlo

from this area and have an organic garden.

sa ovog područja i da stvorimo organsku baštu.

We want to go and spend time with the old people

Želimo da provedemo neko vreme sa starima,

and hear their stories and record their oral histories.

da čujemo njihove priče i zabeležimo njihova usmena predanja.

We want to go and work in a dog shelter.

Želimo da napravimo sklonište za psa.

We want to learn about animals. We want ... "

Želimo da učimo o životinjama. Želimo ..."

You know, it goes on and on, and this is very hopeful for me.

Ovako to ide i ovo mi uliva nadu.

As I travel around the world 300 days a year,

Na putovanju sam 300 dana godišnje

everywhere there's a group of Roots and Shoots of different ages.

i svuda nailazim na grupe Koreni i izdanci.

Everywhere there are children with shining eyes saying,

Svuda ima dece koja ushićeno govore:

"Look at the difference we've made."

"Pogledajte šta smo promenili."

And now comes the technology into it,

Sad se umešala i tehnologija

because with this new way of communicating electronically

jer pomoću elektronske komunikacije

these kids can communicate with each other around the world.

ova deca održavaju vezu po celom svetu.

And if anyone is interested to help us, we've got so many ideas

Ako je neko zainteresovan da nam pomogne, imamo mnogo ideja

but we need help -- we need help to create the right kind of system

ali nam je potrebna pomoć -- da izgradimo ispravan sistem

that will help these young people to communicate their excitement.

koji će pomoći ovim mladim ljudima da izraze svoju ushićenost.

But also -- and this is so important -- to communicate their despair,

Ili -- ovo je zaista važno -- da izraze svoj očaj

to say, "We've tried this and it doesn't work, and what shall we do?"

"Pokušali smo, ali ne ide, šta da radimo?"

And then, lo and behold, there's another group answering these kids

Postoji i drugačija grupa, koja pruža odgovore ovoj deci

who may be in America, or maybe this is a group in Israel,

i mogu biti u Americi ili Izraelu,

saying, "Yeah, you did it a little bit wrong. This is how you should do it."

i mogu reći: "Da, malo ste pogrešili. Trebalo bi ovako da radite."

The philosophy is very simple.

Ova filozofija je veoma jednostavna.

We do not believe in violence.

Ne verujemo u nasilje.

No violence, no bombs, no guns.

Bez nasilja, bez bombi, bez oružja.

That's not the way to solve problems.

To nije način za rešavanje problema.

Violence leads to violence, at least in my view.

Nasilje vodi nasilju, bar po mom viđenju stvari.

So how do we solve?

Šta je onda rešenje?

The tools for solving the problems are knowledge and understanding.

Oruđa za rešavanje problema su znanje i razumevanje.

Know the facts, but see how they fit in the big picture.

Treba poznavati činjenice, ali i videti kako se uklapaju u celu sliku.

Hard work and persistence --don't give up --

Marljiv rad i upornost -- nema predavanja --

and love and compassion leading to respect for all life.

ljubav i saosećajnost vode poštovanju svega živog.

How many more minutes? Two, one?

Koliko još imam vremena? Minut, dva?

Chris Anderson: One -- one to two.

Kris Anderson: Jedan, možda dva.

Jane Goodall: Two, two, I'm going to take two.

Džejn Gudal: Zadržaću se još dva minuta.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Are you going to come and drag me off?

Sklonićete me odavde?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Anyway -- so basically, Roots and Shoots

Svejedno, Koreni i izdanci

is beginning to change young people's lives.

počinju da menjaju živote mladih.

It's what I'm devoting most of my energy to.

Tome posvećujem svoju energiju.

And I believe that a group like this can have a very major impact,

Mislim da jedna ovakva grupa može imati veliki uticaj,

not just because you can share technology with us,

ne samo zbog deljenja tehnologije sa nama,

but because so many of you have children.

nego zbog toga što mnogi od vas imaju decu.

And if you take this program out, and give it to your children,

Ako uzmete ovaj program i date ga svojoj deci

they have such a good opportunity to go out and do good,

ona će imati šansu da čine dobra dela,

because they've got parents like you.

jer imaju roditelje kao što ste vi.

And it's been so clear how much you all care

A jasno je koliko svi vi brinete

about trying to make this world a better place.

i pokušavate da učinite ovaj svet boljim.

It's very encouraging.

Ovo je veoma ohrabrujuće.

But the kids do ask me --

Ali me deca pitaju --

and this won't take more than two minutes, I promise --

još samo dva minuta, obećavam,

the kids say, "Dr. Jane, do you really have hope for the future?

deca kažu: "Doktorko Džejn, vi zaista imate nadu za budućnost?

You travel, you see all these horrible things happening."

Vi putujete, vidite sve ove užasne stvari koje se dešavaju."

Firstly, the human brain -- I don't need to say anything about that.

Prvenstveno, ljudski mozak -- ne moram ništa više da govorim o tome.

Now that we know what the problems are around the world,

Sada, kada su nam poznati problemi koji postoje širom sveta,

human brains like yours are rising to solve those problems.

ljudska pamet, kao vaša, može pomoći u rešavanju problema.

And we've talked a lot about that.

Mnogo smo govorili o tome.

Secondly, the resilience of nature.

Drugo, otpornost prirode.

We can destroy a river,

Možemo uništiti reku,

and we can bring it back to life.

a možemo je i vratiti u život.

We can see a whole area desolated,

Vidimo mnoga pusta područja

and it can be brought back to bloom again, with time or a little help.

i možemo učiniti da ponovo dožive procvat, vremenom uz malo pomoći.

And thirdly, the last speaker talked about -- or the speaker before last,

I treće, o tome je govorio i prethodni govornik --

talked about the indomitable human spirit.

govorio je o nesavladivom ljudskom duhu.

We are surrounded by the most amazing people

Okruženi smo najsjajnijim ljudima

who do things that seem to be absolutely impossible.

koji čine skoro nemoguće stvari.

Nelson Mandela -- I take a little piece of limestone

Nelson Mandela -- uzeću malo krečnjaka

from Robben Island Prison, where he labored for 27 years,

iz zatvora Roben Ajlend, gde je on radio 27 godina

and came out with so little bitterness, he could lead his people

i izašao je sa tako malo gorčine da je mogao da vodi svoj narod

from the horror of apartheid without a bloodbath.

iz užasa aparthejda, bez krvoprolića.

Even after the 11th of September -- and I was in New York

Čak i posle 11. septembra -- nalazila sam se u Njujorku

and I felt the fear -- nevertheless, there was so much human courage,

i osetila strah -- bilo je mnogo ljudske hrabrosti

so much love and so much compassion.

mnogo ljubavi i saosećajnosti.

And then as I went around the country after that and felt the fear --

Zatim sam putovala po zemlji i osetila strah --

the fear that was leading to people feeling

strah zbog koga su ljudi osećali

they couldn't worry about the environment any more,

da ne mogu više da brinu za okruženje,

in case they seemed not to be patriotic --

u slučaju kad su izgledali da nisu patriote --

and I was trying to encourage them,

uvek sam pokušavala da ih ohrabrujem

somebody came up with a little quotation from Mahatma Gandhi,

i neko se pojavio sa citatom Mahatme Gandija:

"If you look back through human history,

"Ako se osvrnete na ljudsku istoriju,

you see that every evil regime has been overcome by good."

vidite da svaki zli režim biva nadvladan dobrim."

And just after that a woman brought me this little bell,

Posle sam dobila ovo malo zvonce od jedne žene

and I want to end on this note.

i želim da završim ovim zapažanjem.

She said, "If you're talking about hope and peace, ring this.

Ona je rekla: "Ako govorite o nadi i miru, zazvonite ovim zvoncem."

This bell is made from metal from a defused landmine,

Ono je napravljeno od deaktivirane nagazne mine

from the killing fields of Pol Pot --

sa polja smrti Pola Pota --

one of the most evil regimes in human history --

jednog od najgorih režima u ljudskoj istoriji --

where people are now beginning to put their lives back together

gde se ljudi tek sad vraćaju u život

after the regime has crumbled.

posle pada režima.

So, yes, there is hope, and where is the hope?

Da, postoji nada i gde je ta nada?

Is it out there with the politicians?

Da li je ona u političarima?

It's in our hands.

Nada je u našim rukama.

It's in your hands and my hands

Ona je u mojim, vašim

and those of our children.

i u rukama one dece.

It's really up to us.

Stvarno je do nas.

We're the ones who can make a difference.

Mi smo ti, koji mogu doneti promene.

If we lead lives where we consciously leave

Ako vodimo život tako da ostavimo

the lightest possible ecological footprints,

najmanji mogući uticaj na okolinu,

if we buy the things that are ethical for us to buy

ako kupujemo stvari koje je moralno kupiti,

and don't buy the things that are not,

a ne kupujemo one koje to nisu,

we can change the world overnight.

preko noći bi mogli promeniti svet.

Thank you.

Hvala.