What separates us from chimpanzees? | Jane Goodall

Prevoditelj: Kristina Majsec Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

Good morning everyone. First of all, it's been fantastic

Dobro jutro svima. Osjećam -- najprije, da je bilo fantastično

being here over these past few days.

biti ovdje zadnjih nekoliko dana.

And secondly, I feel it's a great honor to kind of wind up

I drugo, osjećam kako je velika čast naći se

this extraordinary gathering of people,

na ovom okupljanju iznimnih ljudi --

these amazing talks that we've had.

ovi nevjerojatni govori koje smo imali.

I feel that I've fitted in, in many ways,

Osjećam kako sam se uklopila, na mnogo načina,

to some of the things that I've heard.

u neke stvari koje sam čula.

I came directly here

Krenula sam -- stigla sam ovdje izravno

from the deep, deep tropical rainforest in Ecuador,

iz duboke, duboke tropske kišne šume Ekvadora,

where I was out -- you could only get there by a plane --

gdje sam bila -- tamo možete doći samo avionom --

with indigenous people with paint on their faces

s domorocima koji imaju boju na licu

and parrot feathers on their headdresses,

i perje papiga u kosi.

where these people are fighting to try and keep the oil companies,

Gdje se ti ljudi bore kako bi pokušali držati naftne kompanije,

and keep the roads, out of their forests.

i ceste, dalje od svojih šuma.

They're fighting to develop their own way of living within the forest

Bore se kako bi razvili svoj način života unutar tih šuma

in a world that's clean, a world that isn't contaminated,

u svijetu koji je čist, svijetu koji nije zagađen,

a world that isn't polluted.

svijetu koji nije onečišćen.

And what was so amazing to me, and what fits right in

Ono što mi je bilo tako nevjerojatno, i što se uklapa

with what we're all talking about here at TED,

u ovo o čemu govorimo ovdje na TED-u,

is that there, right in the middle of this rainforest,

jest da tamo, usred te kišne šume,

was some solar panels -- the first in that part of Ecuador --

je bila solarna ploča -- prva u tom dijelu Ekvadora --

and that was mainly to bring water up by pump

a da je njena glavna funkcija bila da dovodi vodu iz pumpe

so that the women wouldn't have to go down.

kako žene ne bi morale ići dolje.

The water was cleaned, but because they got a lot of batteries,

Voda je bila čista, ali zato što imaju mnogo baterija,

they were able to store a lot of electricity.

mogli su spremiti mnogo struje.

So every house -- and there were, I think, eight houses

Tako da je svaka kuća -- a bilo je, mislim, osam kuća

in this little community -- could have light

u ovoj maloj zajednici -- mogla imati svjetlo

for, I think it was about half an hour each evening.

mislim oko pola sata svake večeri.

And there is the Chief, in all his regal finery, with a laptop computer.

I imamo tamo poglavicu, u svoj svojoj carskoj raskoši, s laptopom.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And this man, he has been outside, but he's gone back,

I taj čovjek, bio je vani, ali se vratio,

and he was saying, "You know, we have suddenly jumped into

i kaže, "Znate, iznenada smo skočili u

a whole new era, and we didn't even know about the white man

tu jednu posve novu eru, i nismo ni znali za bijelog čovjeka

50 years ago, and now here we are with laptop computers,

prije 50 godina, a sad smo tu s laptopima,

and there are some things we want to learn from the modern world.

i ima nekih stvari koje želimo naučiti iz modernog svijeta.

We want to know about health care.

Želimo znati o zdravstvenoj njezi.

We want to know about what other people do -- we're interested in it.

Želimo znati što drugi ljudi rade -- to nas zanima.

And we want to learn other languages.

I želimo naučiti druge jezike.

We want to know English and French and perhaps Chinese,

Želimo znati engleski i francuski i možda kineski,

and we're good at languages."

i dobri smo u jezicima."

So there he is with his little laptop computer,

I tako je on tamo sa svojim malim laptopom,

but fighting against the might of the pressures --

ali se bori protvi moći pritiska --

because of the debt, the foreign debt of Ecuador --

zbog duga, stranog duga Ekvadora --

fighting the pressure of World Bank, IMF, and of course

bori se protiv pritisaka Svjetske banke, MMF-a, i naravno

the people who want to exploit the forests and take out the oil.

ljudi koji žele iscrpiti šume i izvaditi naftu.

And so, coming directly from there to here.

I tako, dolazeći izravno od tamo do ovdje.

But, of course, my real field of expertise

Ali, naravno, moje polje stručnosti

lies in an even different kind of civilization --

leži čak u jednoj drukčijoj vrsti civilizacije --

I can't really call it a civilization.

ne mogu zapravo ju ni nazvati civilizacijom.

A different way of life, a different being.

Drugačijem načinu života, drugačijem biću.

We've talked earlier -- this wonderful talk by Wade Davis

Već smo govorili ranije -- onaj divan govor Wade Davisa

about the different cultures of the humans around the world --

o raznim kulturama ljudi diljem svijeta --

but the world is not composed only of human beings;

ali svijet se ne sastoji samo od ljudskih bića,

there are also other animal beings.

tu su također i druga životinjska bića.

And I propose to bring into this TED conference,

I predlažem da donesem na ovu TED konferenciju,

as I always do around the world, the voice of the animal kingdom.

kao što to uvijek činim diljem svijeta, glas životinjskog carstva.

Too often we just see a few slides, or a bit of film,

Prečesto vidimo tek nekoliko slajdova, ili dio filma,

but these beings have voices that mean something.

ali ova bića imaju glasove koji nešto znače.

And so, I want to give you a greeting,

I tako, želim vas pozdraviti,

as from a chimpanzee in the forests of Tanzania --

kao čimpanza iz Tanzanijskih šuma --

Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh!

Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh!

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

I've been studying chimpanzees in Tanzania since 1960.

Proučavam čimpanze u Tanzaniji još od 1960.

During that time, there have been modern technologies

Kroz to vrijeme, nastale su moderne tehnologije

that have really transformed the way

koje su stvarno promijenile način

that field biologists do their work.

na koji terenski biolozi rade svoj posao.

For example, for the first time, a few years ago,

Na primjer, po prvi puta, prije nekoliko godina,

by simply collecting little fecal samples

jednostavno skupljajući male fekalne uzorke

we were able to have them analyzed -- to have DNA profiling done --

bili smo u mogućnosti dati ih na analizu -- da se napravi DNK profil --

so for the first time, we actually know which male chimps

i po prvi puta, zapravo znamo koji mužjaci čimpanzi

are the fathers of each individual infant.

su očevi svakog zasebnog djeteta.

Because the chimps have a very promiscuous mating society.

Jer čimpanze imaju vrlo promiskuitetno društvo.

So this opens up a whole new avenue of research.

Tako da nam ovo otvara sasvim nove puteve istraživanja.

And we use GSI -- geographic whatever it is, GSI --

I možemo koristiti GSI - geografski što god to je, GSI --

to determine the range of the chimps.

da odredimo opseg kretanja čimpanzi.

And we're using -- you can see that I'm not really into this kind of stuff --

I koristimo -- možete vidjeti kako nisam baš upoznata s ovakvim stvarima --

but we're using satellite imagery

ali koristimo satelitsko prikazivanje

to look at the deforestation in the area.

kako bismo vidjeli područje deforestacije.

And of course, there's developments in infrared,

I naravno, tu je napredak u infracrvenom,

so you can watch animals at night,

pa možete promatrati životinje noću,

and equipment for recording by video,

i oprema za snimanje videa

and tape recording is getting lighter and better.

i zvučnih snimaka postaje sve lakša i bolja.

So in many, many ways, we can do things today

Tako da na mnogo, mnogo načina, možemo danas učiniti stvari

that we couldn't do when I began in 1960.

koje nismo mogli kad sam ja počela 1960.

Especially when chimpanzees, and other animals

Osobito kada su čimpanze, i druge životinje

with large brains, are studied in captivity,

s velikim mozgovima, proučavane u zatočeništvu,

modern technology is helping us to search

moderna tehnologija nam pomaže da pronalazimo

for the upper levels of cognition in some of these non-human animals.

više razine spoznaje kod nekih od ovih ne-ljudskih životinja.

So that we know today, they're capable of performances

Tako da danas znamo, da su one sposobne za izvedbe

that would have been thought absolutely impossible

koje su smatrane potpuno nemogućima

by science when I began.

u znanosti kad sam ja počela.

I think the chimpanzee in captivity who is the most skilled

Mislim kako čimpanza u zatočeništvu, koja je najvještija

in intellectual performance is one called Ai in Japan --

u intelektualnoj izvedbi, je ona zvana Ai u Japanu --

her name means love --

njeno ime znači ljubav --

and she has a wonderfully sensitive partner working with her.

i ona ima divnog osjećajnog partnera koji radi s njom.

She loves her computer --

Ona voli svoje računalo --

she'll leave her big group, and her running water,

ostavit će svoju veliku grupu, i svoju vodu koja teče,

and her trees and everything.

i svoje drveće i sve ostalo.

And she'll come in to sit at this computer --

I doći se sjediti ispred tog računala --

it's like a video game for a kid; she's hooked.

to je poput video igre za dijete, ona se navukla.

She's 28, by the way, and she does things with her computer screen

Ima 28 godina, usput rečeno, i radi stvari sa zaslonom svog računala

and a touch pad that she can do faster than most humans.

i s touch-pad-om koje može raditi brže od većine ljudi.

She does very complex tasks, and I haven't got time to go into them,

Radi vrlo kompleksne zadatke, i nemam sad vremena da ulazim u njih,

but the amazing thing about this female is

ali zadivljujuća stvar kod ove ženke je

she doesn't like making mistakes.

da ona zbilja ne voli pogriješiti.

If she has a bad run, and her score isn't good,

Ako je imala loš niz, i njezin rezultat nije dobar,

she'll come and reach up and tap on the glass --

doći će gore pokucati po staklu --

because she can't see the experimenter --

jer ne može vidjeti istraživača --

which is asking to have another go.

što znači da traži još jednu priliku.

And her concentration -- she's already concentrated hard

I njena koncentracija -- već je jako koncentrirana

for 20 minutes or so, and now she wants to do it all over again,

20 min ili tako nešto, i sad želi to napraviti ispočetka,

just for the satisfaction of having done it better.

samo zbog zadovoljstva da je to napravila bolje.

And the food is not important -- she does get a tiny reward,

I hrana nije važna -- ona dobije neku malu nagradu,

like one raisin for a correct response --

kao jednu bobicu za točan odgovor --

but she will do it for nothing, if you tell her beforehand.

ali učinit će to i nizašto, ako joj to kažete unaprijed.

So here we are, a chimpanzee using a computer.

I tu smo, čimpanza koristi računalo.

Chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans also learn human sign language.

Čimpanze, gorile, orangutani također mogu naučiti ljudski znakovni jezik.

But the point is that when I was first in Gombe in 1960 --

Ali bit je da, kad sam prvi puta došla u Gombe 1960 --

I remember so well, so vividly, as though it was yesterday --

sjećam se toga tako dobro, tako živopisno, kao da je bilo jučer --

the first time, when I was going through the vegetation,

prvi puta, kad sam prolazila kroz vegetaciju,

the chimpanzees were still running away from me, for the most part,

čimpanze su još uvijek bježale od mene, većinom,

although some were a little bit acclimatized --

iako neke su bile više priviknute --

and I saw this dark shape, hunched over a termite mound,

i vidjela sam taj tamni obris, nagnut iznad termitskog humka,

and I peered with my binoculars.

i virila sam sa svojim dvogledom.

It was, fortunately, one adult male whom I'd named David Greybeard --

Bio je to, nasreću, jedan mužjak kojeg sam nazvala David Greybeard (Sivobradi) --

and by the way, science at that time was telling me that I shouldn't name the chimps;

i usput, znanost tog vremena mi je govorila kako ne bih smjela davati imena čimpanzama

they should all have numbers; that was more scientific.

nego bi one trebale biti samo brojevi, jer je to više znanstveno.

Anyway, David Greybeard -- and I saw that

Kako god bilo, David Greybeard -- i vidjela sam kako

he was picking little pieces of grass and using them

je on uzimao male vlati trave i koristio ih

to fish termites from their underground nest.

da upeca termite iz njihovog podzemnog gnijezda.

And not only that -- he would sometimes pick a leafy twig

I ne samo to -- ponekad bi uzeo grančicu

and strip the leaves --

i poskidao lišće.

modifying an object to make it suitable for a specific purpose --

Mjenjajući predmet kako bi ga učinio prikladnijim za određenu svrhu --

the beginning of tool-making.

početak izrade oruđa.

The reason this was so exciting and such a breakthrough

Razlog zbog kojeg je ovo bilo toliko uzbuljivo i takvo otkriće

is at that time, it was thought that humans,

jest da u to vrijeme, smatralo se kako ljudi,

and only humans, used and made tools.

i samo ljudi, upotrebljavaju i izrađuju oruđe.

When I was at school, we were defined as man, the toolmaker.

Kad sam išla u školu, tada smo bili definirani kao čovjek, izrađivač oruđa.

So that when Louis Leakey, my mentor, heard this news,

Tako da kad je Louis Leakey, moj mentor, čuo ovu vijest,

he said, "Ah, we must now redefine 'man,' redefine 'tool,'

rekao je, "Ah, sada moramo re-definirati čovjeka, redefinirati oruđe,

or accept chimpanzees as humans."

ili prihvatiti čimpanze kao ljude."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

We now know that at Gombe alone, there are nine different ways

Sada znamo da samo u Gombe-u, postoji devet različitih načina

in which chimpanzees use different objects for different purposes.

na koje čimpanze koriste različite objekte u različite svrhe.

Moreover, we know that in different parts of Africa,

Štoviše, znamo kako u različitim dijelovima Afrike,

wherever chimps have been studied,

gdje god su čimpanze promatrane,

there are completely different tool-using behaviors.

postoje posve različita ponašanja vezana uz upotrebu predmeta.

And because it seems that these patterns are passed

I zato što se čini kako ti uzorci prelaze

from one generation to the next, through observation,

s jedne generacije na drugu, kroz promatranje,

imitation and practice -- that is a definition of human culture.

oponašanje i vježbu -- to je definicija ljudske kulture.

What we find is that over these 40-odd years

Uvidjeli smo tijekom posljednjih 40-tak godina

that I and others have been studying chimpanzees

koliko smo ja i drugi proučavali čimpanze

and the other great apes, and, as I say, other mammals

i druge velike majmune, i, kao što ja kažem, druge sisavce

with complex brains and social systems,

sa kompleksnim mozgovima i društvenim sustavima,

we have found that after all, there isn't a sharp line

uvidjeli smo kako ipak, ne postoji oštra granica

dividing humans from the rest of the animal kingdom.

koja razdvaja ljude od ostatka životinjskog carstva.

It's a very wuzzy line.

To je vrlo čupava granica.

It's getting wuzzier all the time as we find animals doing things

I postaje čupavija cijelo vrijeme kako saznajemo da životinje rade stvari

that we, in our arrogance, used to think was just human.

za koje smo, u našoj aroganciji, mislili da su isključivo ljudske.

The chimps -- there's no time to discuss their fascinating lives --

Čimpanze -- nemam vremena raspravljati njihove fascinantne živote --

but they have this long childhood, five years

ali one imaju dugo djetinjstvo, pet godina

of suckling and sleeping with the mother,

sisanja i spavanja s majkom,

and then another three, four or five years

zatim tri, četiri, ili pet godina

of emotional dependence on her, even when the next child is born.

emotivne ovisnosti o njoj, čak i kada je sljedeće dijete rođeno.

The importance of learning in that time, when behavior is flexible --

Važnost učenja u to vrijeme, kada je ponašanje fleksibilno --

and there's an awful lot to learn in chimpanzee society.

a postoji strašno mnogo toga što treba naučiti u društvu čimpanza.

The long-term affectionate supportive bonds

Dugotrajne veze pune ljubavi i podrške

that develop throughout this long childhood with the mother,

koje se razvijaju kroz cijelo ovo dugo djetinjstvo s majkom,

with the brothers and sisters,

s braćom i sestrama,

and which can last through a lifetime,

i koje mogu trajati cijeli život,

which may be up to 60 years.

što može biti do 60 godina.

They can actually live longer than 60 in captivity,

One mogu zapravo živjeti još i duže od 60 u zatočeništvu,

so we've only done 40 years in the wild so far.

tako da smo sad iskusili tek 40 godina u divljini.

And we find chimps are capable of true compassion and altruism.

I saznajemo da su čimpanze sposobne za pravu strast i altruizam.

We find in their non-verbal communication -- this is very rich --

Saznajemo da u njihovoj neverbalnoj komunikaciji -- koja je vrlo bogata --

they have a lot of sounds, which they use in different circumstances,

postoji mnogo zvukova, koje koriste u različitim okolnostima,

but they also use touch, posture, gesture,

ali oni također koriste dodir, držanje, geste,

and what do they do?

i što rade?

They kiss; they embrace; they hold hands.

Ljube se, grle se, drže se za ruke.

They pat one another on the back; they swagger; they shake their fist --

Tapšaju jedni druge po leđima, šepure se, prijete šakama --

the kind of things that we do,

slično onome što mi radimo --

and they do them in the same kind of context.

i to čine u istom kontekstu kao i mi.

They have very sophisticated cooperation.

Imaju sofisticiranu kooperaciju.

Sometimes they hunt -- not that often,

Ponekad love -- ne tako često,

but when they hunt, they show sophisticated cooperation,

ali kad love pokazuju sofisticiranu kooperaciju,

and they share the prey.

i dijele plijen.

We find that they show emotions, similar to -- maybe sometimes the same --

Saznajemo kako pokazuju osjećaje, slične -- možda ponekad i iste --

as those that we describe in ourselves as happiness, sadness, fear, despair.

kao one koje mi u sebi opisujemo kao sreća, tuga, strah, očaj.

They know mental as well as physical suffering.

Oni poznaju mentalnu kao i fizičku patnju.

And I don't have time to go into the information

I nemam vremena ulaziti u sve podatke

that will prove some of these things to you,

koji bi vam dokazali neke od ovih stvari,

save to say that there are very bright students, in the best universities,

osim da postoje vrlo nadareni studenti, na najboljim sveučilištima,

studying emotions in animals, studying personalities in animals.

koji studiraju emocije u životinja, koji studiraju osobnosti u životinja.

We know that chimpanzees and some other creatures

Znamo da čimpanze i neka druga bića

can recognize themselves in mirrors -- "self" as opposed to "other."

mogu prepoznati sami sebe u ogledalu -- sebe u suprotnosti od ostalih.

They have a sense of humor, and these are the kind of things

Imaju smisao za humor, a to su takve stvari

which traditionally have been thought of as human prerogatives.

za koje se tradicionalno mislilo kao o ljudskim isključivim pravima.

But this teaches us a new respect -- and it's a new respect

Ali ovo nas uči jednom novom poštovanju -- i to je novo poštovanje

not only for the chimpanzees, I suggest,

ne samo za čimpanze, predlažem,

but some of the other amazing animals with whom we share this planet.

nego i za neke druge nevjerojatne životinje s kojim dijelimo ovaj planet.

Once we're prepared to admit that after all,

Jednom kad smo spremni priznati da, naposljetku,

we're not the only beings with personalities, minds

nismo jedina bića s osobnostima, umovima

and above all feelings, and then we start to think

i povrh svega osjećajima, tada počinjemo razmišljati

about ways we use and abuse

o načinima na koje iskorištavamo i zlorabimo

so many other sentient, sapient creatures on this planet,

toliko mnogo drugih osjećajnih, razboritih bića na ovom planetu,

it really gives cause for deep shame, at least for me.

to nam usitinu stvara osjećaj dubokog srama, barem meni.

So, the sad thing is that these chimpanzees --

Tužno je da ove čimpanze --

who've perhaps taught us, more than any other creature, a little humility --

koje su nas možda naučile, više nego bilo koja druga bića, poniznosti --

are in the wild, disappearing very fast.

su u divljini, i nestaju vrlo brzo.

They're disappearing for the reasons

Nestaju zbog razloga

that all of you in this room know only too well.

koje mnogi ovdje i predobro znaju.

The deforestation, the growth of human populations, needing more land.

Deforestacija, rast ljudske populacije kojoj treba više prostora.

They're disappearing because some timber companies

Nestaju jer neke drvne kompanije

go in with clear-cutting.

dolaze s jasnim ciljevima.

They're disappearing in the heart of their range in Africa

Nestaju u srcu njihovog obitavanja u Africi

because the big multinational logging companies have come in and made roads --

jer velike multinacionalne kompanije za prikupljanje drva dolaze i grade ceste --

as they want to do in Ecuador

kao što to žele u Ekvadoru

and other parts where the forests remain untouched --

i drugim dijelovima gdje su šume ostale netaknute --

to take out oil or timber.

kako bi uzele naftu i drvo.

And this has led in Congo basin, and other parts of the world,

I ovo je dovelo u bazenu Konga, i drugim dijelovima svijeta,

to what is known as the bush-meat trade.

do nečega što znamo kao grmlje-meso trgovina.

This means that although for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years,

Ovo znači da iako su stotinama, možda i tisućama godina,

people have lived in those forests, or whatever habitat it is,

ljudi živjeli u ovim šumama, ili kakvom god obitavalištu,

in harmony with their world, just killing the animals they need

u skladu sa svojim svijetom, ubijajući samo one životinje koje su trebali

for themselves and their families --

za sebe i svoje obitelji --

now, suddenly, because of the roads,

sad, odjednom, zbog cesta,

the hunters can go in from the towns.

lovci dolaze iz gradova.

They shoot everything, every single thing that moves

Oni ubijaju sve, svaku stvar koja se kreće

that's bigger than a small rat; they sun-dry it or smoke it.

a koja je veća od malenog štakora, osuše to na suncu ili na dimu.

And now they've got transport; they take it on the logging trucks

I sada imaju prijevoz, voze to na kamionima za prijevoz drva

or the mining trucks into the towns where they sell it.

ili kamionima za prijevoz ruda u gradove gdje to prodaju.

And people will pay more for bush-meat, as it's called,

I ljudi će platiti više za meso iz grmlja, kako to zovu,

than for domestic meat -- it's culturally preferred.

nego za domaće meso -- to je im je kulturološki draže.

And it's not sustainable, and the huge logging camps in the forest

I to nije održivo, i ogromni kampovi za drvo u šumama

are now demanding meat, so the Pygmy hunters in the Congo basin

sad zahtijevaju meso, tako da Pigmejski lovci u bazenu Konga

who've lived there with their wonderful way of living

koji su tamo živjeli svoj divan način života

for so many hundreds of years are now corrupted.

toliko mnogo stotina godina su sad iskvareni.

They're given weapons; they shoot for the logging camps; they get money.

Dana su im oružja, da mogu pucati za drvne kampove, dobivaju novac.

Their culture is being destroyed,

Njihova kultura biva uništavana,

along with the animals upon whom they depend.

zajedno sa životinjama o kojima ovise.

So, when the logging camp moves, there's nothing left.

Tako da, kad se drvni kamp preseli, ništa ne ostaje.

We talked already about the loss of human cultural diversity,

Već smo govorili o gubitku ljudske kulturne raznolikosti,

and I've seen it happening with my own eyes.

i vidjela sam na svoje oči kako se to događa.

And the grim picture in Africa -- I love Africa,

I tmurna slika u Africi -- ja volim Afriku,

and what do we see in Africa?

i što vidimo u Africi?

We see deforestation;

Vidimo deforestaciju,

we see the desert spreading; we see massive hunger;

vidimo širenje pustinja, vidimo masovnu glad,

we see disease and we see population growth in areas

vidimo bolesti i vidimo rast populacije u područjima

where there are more people living on a certain piece of land

gdje na određenom komadu zemlje živi više ljudi

than the land can possibly support,

nego što to zemlja može podnijeti,

and they're too poor to buy food from elsewhere.

a oni su presiromašni da kupuju hranu drugdje.

Were the people that we heard about yesterday,

Jesu li ljudi o kojima smo jučer slušali,

on the Easter Island, who cut down their last tree -- were they stupid?

na Uskršnjem otoku, koji su posjekli svoje posljednje stablo -- jesu li bili glupi?

Didn't they know what was happening?

Zar nisu znali što se događa?

Of course, but if you've seen the crippling poverty

Naravno, ali ako ste vidjeli osakaćeno siromaštvo

in some of these parts of the world

u nekim od ovih dijelova svijeta

it isn't a question of "Let's leave the tree for tomorrow."

onda to nije više pitanje -- ostavimo stablo za sutra.

"How am I going to feed my family today?

Kako ću nahraniti svoju obitelj danas?

Maybe I can get just a few dollars from this last tree

Možda mogu dobiti nekoliko dolara za to zadnje stablo

which will keep us going a little bit longer,

koje bi nas moglo održavati još malo,

and then we'll pray that something will happen

a onda ćemo se moliti da će se nešto dogoditi

to save us from the inevitable end."

kako bi nas spasilo od neizbježnog kraja. "

So, this is a pretty grim picture.

Dakle, ovo je jedna prilično tmurna slika.

The one thing we have, which makes us so different

Jednu stvar koju imamo, koja nas čini drugačijima

from chimpanzees or other living creatures,

od čimpanzi ili drugih živih bića,

is this sophisticated spoken language --

je ovaj sofisticirani govorni jezik --

a language with which we can tell children

jezik s kojim možemo reći našoj djeci

about things that aren't here.

o stvarima koje nisu ovdje.

We can talk about the distant past, plan for the distant future,

Možemo govoriti od dalekoj prošlosti, planirati daleku budućnost,

discuss ideas with each other,

raspravljati ideje jedni s drugima,

so that the ideas can grow from the accumulated wisdom of a group.

tako da te ideje mogu rasti zbog nakupljene mudrosti grupe.

We can do it by talking to each other;

Možemo to učiniti tako da razgovaramo jedni s drugima,

we can do it through video; we can do it through the written word.

možemo to učiniti putem videa, možemo to učiniti putem pisane riječi.

And we are abusing this great power we have to be wise stewards,

I zloupotrebljavamo tu veliku moć da budemo mudri upravitelji,

and we're destroying the world.

i uništavamo svijet.

In the developed world, in a way, it's worse,

U razvijenom svijetu na neki način, lošije je,

because we have so much access to knowledge

jer imamo toliki pristup spoznaji

of the stupidity of what we're doing.

o glupostima koje činimo.

Do you know, we're bringing little babies

Jeste li znali da donosimo male bebe

into a world where, in many places, the water is poisoning them?

na svijet gdje ih, na mnogo mjesta, voda truje.

And the air is harming them, and the food that's grown

I zrak im škodi, a hrana koja je uzgojena

from the contaminated land is poisoning them.

na zagađenom tlu ih truje.

And that's not just in the far-away developing world; that's everywhere.

I to se ne događa samo u dalekim zemljama u razvoju, to se događa posvuda.

Do you know we all have about 50 chemicals

Jeste li znali da svi imamo oko 50 kemikalija

in our bodies we didn't have about 50 years ago?

u našim tijelima koje nismo imali prije 50 godina?

And so many of these diseases, like asthma

I toliko mnogo tih bolesti, kao astma

and certain kinds of cancers, are on the increase

i neke vrste raka, su u porastu

around places where our filthy toxic waste is dumped.

oko mjesta gdje se odlaže naš prljavi otrovni otpad.

We're harming ourselves around the world,

Štetimo sami sebi diljem svijeta,

as well as harming the animals, as well as harming nature herself --

kao što štetimo životinjama, kao što štetimo samoj prirodi.

Mother Nature, that brought us into being;

Majci Prirodi, koja nam je omogućila postojanje.

Mother Nature, where I believe we need to spend time,

Majka Priroda, gdje vjerujem da bismo trebali provoditi naše vrijeme,

where there's trees and flowers and birds

gdje ima drveća i cvijeća i ptica

for our good psychological development.

za naš dobar psihološki razvitak.

And yet, there are hundreds and hundreds of children

A ipak, ima na stotine djece

in the developed world who never see nature,

u razvijenom svijetu koja nikad nisu vidjela prirodu,

because they're growing up in concrete

jer odrastaju na betonu

and all they know is virtual reality,

i sve što poznaju je virtualna stvarnost,

with no opportunity to go and lie in the sun,

bez ikakve prilike da idu ležati na sunce,

or in the forest, with the dappled sun-specks

ili u šumu, prošaranu sunčevim zrakama

coming down from the canopy above.

koje dolaze sa strehe ogozgora.

As I was traveling around the world, you know,

Kako sam putovala po svijetu, znate,

I had to leave the forest -- that's where I love to be.

morala sam napustiti šumu --a tamo volim biti.

I had to leave these fascinating chimpanzees

Morala sam ostaviti ove fascinantne čimpanze

for my students and field staff to continue studying

svojim studentima i terenskim kolegama da ih nastave proučavati

because, finding they dwindled from about two million

jer, shvativši da išćezavaju od oko dva milijuna, koliko ih je bilo

100 years ago to about 150,000 now,

prije 100 godina na oko 150.000 sada,

I knew I had to leave the forest to do what I could

znala sam da moram napustiti šumu kako bih napravila što mogu

to raise awareness around the world.

da podignem svijest diljem svijeta.

And the more I talked about the chimpanzees' plight,

I što sam više govorila o stanju čimpanzi,

the more I realized the fact that everything's interconnected,

to sam više shvaćala kako je sve povezano,

and the problems of the developing world

i problemi svijeta u razvoju

so often stem from the greed of the developed world,

tako često proizlaze iz pohlepe razvijenog svijeta,

and everything was joining together, and making -- not sense,

i sve se počelo spajati, i imati -- ne smisla,

hope lies in sense, you said -- it's making a nonsense.

nada leži u smislu, kako ste rekli -- to ima besmisla.

How can we do it?

Kako to možemo činiti?

Somebody said that yesterday.

Netko je to jučer rekao,

And as I was traveling around, I kept meeting young people who'd lost hope.

i kako sam putovala naokolo, stalno sam susretala mlade ljude koji su izgubili nadu.

They were feeling despair,

Oni su osjećali očaj,

they were feeling, "Well, it doesn't matter what we do;

osjećali su, "Pa, nema veze što radimo,

eat, drink and be merry, for tomorrow we die.

jedimo, pijmo i budimo veseli, jer sutra ćemo umrijeti.

Everything is hopeless -- we're always being told so by the media."

Sve je beznadno -- stalno nam to govore u medijima."

And then I met some who were angry,

I onda sam upoznala neke koji su bili ljuti,

and anger that can turn to violence,

a ljutnja može prerasti u nasilje,

and we're all familiar with that.

i svima nam je to poznato.

And I have three little grandchildren,

I imam troje male unučadi,

and when some of these students would say to me

i kad bi mi neki od ovih učenika rekli

at high school or university, they'd say, "We're angry,"

u srednjim školama ili na fakultetima, rekli bi, "Ljuti smo,"

or "We're filled with despair, because we feel

ili "Ispunjeni smo očajem, jer osjećamo

you've compromised our future, and there's nothing we can do about it."

da ste kompromitirali našu budućnost, a mi ništa ne možemo učiniti."

And I looked in the eyes of my little grandchildren,

I pogledala sam u oči svojih malih unuka,

and think how much we've harmed this planet since I was their age.

i pomislila koliko smo naudili ovom planetu otkad sam ja bila njihove dobi.

I feel this deep shame, and that's why in 1991 in Tanzania,

Osjećam ovaj duboki sram, i zato sam 1991.godine u Tanzaniji,

I started a program that's called Roots and Shoots.

pokrenula program koji se zove Korijeni i Izdanci.

There's little brochures all around outside,

Ima malih brošura uokolo vani,

and if any of you have anything to do with children and care about their future,

i ako bilo tko od vas ima neke veze s djecom i brigom o njihovoj budućnosti,

I beg that you pick up that brochure.

preklinjem vas da uzmete tu brošuru.

And Roots and Shoots is a program for hope.

A Korijeni i Izdanci je program za nadu.

Roots make a firm foundation.

Korijeni čine čvrste temelje.

Shoots seem tiny,

Izdanci se čine sitnima,

but to reach the sun they can break through brick walls.

ali kako bi dostigli sunce oni mogu lomiti ciglene zidove.

See the brick walls as all the problems

Gledajte na ciglene zidove kao na probleme

that we've inflicted on this planet.

koje smo nanijeli ovome planetu.

Then, you see, it is a message of hope.

Tada, vidjet ćete, ovo je poruka nade.

Hundreds and thousands of young people around the world

Stotine i tisuće mladih ljudi diljem svijeta

can break through, and can make this a better world.

mogu se probiti kroz njih, i mogu učiniti ovaj svijet boljim.

And the most important message of Roots and Shoots

I najvažnija poruka Korjena i Izdanaka

is that every single individual makes a difference.

jest kako svaki pojedinac čini razliku.

Every individual has a role to play.

Svaki pojedinac ima ulogu za odigrati.

Every one of us impacts the world around us everyday,

Svaki od nas utječe na svijet oko nas svakoga dana,

and you scientists know that you can't actually --

i vi znanstvenici znate da zapravo ne možete --

even if you stay in bed all day, you're breathing oxygen

čak i ako ostanete u krevetu cijelog dana, dišete kisik

and giving out CO2, and probably going to the loo,

i izdišete CO2, i vjerojatno idete u kupaonicu,

and things like that --

i slične stvari.

you're making a difference in the world.

Činite razliku u svijetu.

So, the Roots and Shoots program

Dakle, program Korijena i Izdanaka

involves youth in three kinds of projects.

uključuje mladež u tri vrste projekata.

And these are projects to make the world around them a better place.

To su projekti kojima čine svijet oko sebe boljim mjestom.

One project to show care and concern for your own human community.

Jedan projekt kako bi pokazali zaštitu i brigu za svoju vlastitu ljudsku zajednicu.

One for animals, including domestic animals -- and I have to say,

Jedan za životinje, uključujući domaće životinje -- i moram reći,

I learned everything I know about animal behavior

naučila sam sve što znam o životinjskom ponašanju

even before I got to Gombe and the chimps from my dog, Rusty,

čak prije nego što sam stigla u Gombe i k čimpanzama od svog psa, Rustya,

who was my childhood companion.

koji je bio moj drug iz djetinjstva.

And the third kind of project: something for the local environment.

I treća vrsta projekata, nešto za lokalni okoliš.

So what the kids do depends first of all, how old are they --

Dakle, što djeca rade ovisi prvenstveno o tome koliko godina imaju --

and we go now from pre-school right through university.

a idemo od vrtića do fakulteta.

It's going to depend whether they're inner-city or rural.

Ovisit će o tome jesu li iz grada ili sa sela.

It's going to depend if they're wealthy or impoverished.

Ovisit će o tome jesu li bogati, ili siromašni.

It's going to depend which part, say, of America they're in.

Ovisit će o tome u kojem dijelu, recimo Amerike, žive.

We're in every state now, and the problems in Florida

Sada smo u svakoj državi, i problemi u Floridi

are different from the problems in New York.

su različiti od problema u New Yorku.

It's going to depend on which country they're in --

Ovisit će o tome u kojoj državi žive --

and we're already in 60-plus countries, with about 5,000 active groups --

a sada smo već u više od 60 država, s oko 5.000 aktivnih grupa --

and there are groups all over the place that I keep hearing about

i postoje grupe diljem svijeta o kojim slušam

that I've never even heard of, because the kids are taking the program

o kojima nisam uopće čula do sad, jer djeca uzimaju taj program

and spreading it themselves.

i šire ga među sobom.

Why?

Zašto?

Because they're buying into it,

Zato što su zagrizli u to,

and they're the ones who get to decide what they're going to do.

a oni su ti koji odlučuju gdje će ići.

It isn't something that their parents tell them,

To nije nešto što im roditelji govore,

or their teachers tell them.

ili što im učitelji govore.

That's effective, but if they decide themselves,

To je učinkovito, ali ako odlučuju sami,

"We want to clean this river

"Želimo očistiti ovu rijeku

and put the fish back that used to be there.

i vratiti ribe natrag gdje su prije postojale.

We want to clear away the toxic soil

Želimo očistiti toksično tlo

from this area and have an organic garden.

iz ovog područja i uzgojiti organski vrt.

We want to go and spend time with the old people

Želimo ići provoditi vrijeme sa starim ljudima

and hear their stories and record their oral histories.

i slušati priče i zabilježiti njihove usmene povijesti.

We want to go and work in a dog shelter.

Želimo ići raditi u prihvatilište za pse.

We want to learn about animals. We want ... "

Želimo naučiti o životinjama. Želimo ... "

You know, it goes on and on, and this is very hopeful for me.

Znate, to se nastavlja, i to budi nadu u meni.

As I travel around the world 300 days a year,

Kako putujem diljem svijeta 300 dana u godini,

everywhere there's a group of Roots and Shoots of different ages.

svugdje postoji skupina Korjena i Izdanaka različite dobi.

Everywhere there are children with shining eyes saying,

Posvuda ima djece sa sjajem u očima,

"Look at the difference we've made."

"Pogledajte kakvu smo promjenu učinili."

And now comes the technology into it,

I sada u to ulazi tehnologija,

because with this new way of communicating electronically

jer s ovim novim načinom elektroničkog komuniciranja

these kids can communicate with each other around the world.

ova djeca mogu komunicirati jedni s drugima diljem svijeta.

And if anyone is interested to help us, we've got so many ideas

I ako je netko zainteresiran da nam pomogne, imamo toliko mnogo ideja

but we need help -- we need help to create the right kind of system

ali trebamo pomoć -- trebamo pomoć da stvorimo pravi sustav

that will help these young people to communicate their excitement.

koji će pomoći ovim mladim ljudima da prenose svoje uzbuđenje.

But also -- and this is so important -- to communicate their despair,

Ali također -- a ovo je toliko važno -- da prenesu svoj očaj,

to say, "We've tried this and it doesn't work, and what shall we do?"

da kažu, "Pokušali smo ovo i ne uspijeva, što da radimo?"

And then, lo and behold, there's another group answering these kids

I tada, čujte i počujte, postoji druga skupina koja odgovara ovoj djeci

who may be in America, or maybe this is a group in Israel,

koja su možda u Americi, ili je možda ovo skupina u Izraelu,

saying, "Yeah, you did it a little bit wrong. This is how you should do it."

koja kaže "Da, napravili ste nešto krivo. Ovako to trebate napraviti."

The philosophy is very simple.

Filozofija je vrlo jednostavna.

We do not believe in violence.

Ne vjerujemo u nasilje.

No violence, no bombs, no guns.

Bez nasilja, bez bombi, bez oružja.

That's not the way to solve problems.

To nije način rješavanja problema.

Violence leads to violence, at least in my view.

Nasilje vodi nasilju, barem iz mog pogleda.

So how do we solve?

Pa kako onda rješavamo?

The tools for solving the problems are knowledge and understanding.

Oruđe za rješavanje problema su znanje i razumijevanje.

Know the facts, but see how they fit in the big picture.

Znati činjenice, ali i vidjeti kako se uklapaju u veliku sliku.

Hard work and persistence --don't give up --

Težak rad i upornost -- nemojte odustajati --

and love and compassion leading to respect for all life.

i ljubav i suosjećanje vode poštovanju za cijeli život.

How many more minutes? Two, one?

Koliko još minuta? Jedna, dvije?

Chris Anderson: One -- one to two.

Chris Anderson: Jedna -- jedna do dvije.

Jane Goodall: Two, two, I'm going to take two.

Jane Goodall: Dvije, dvije. Uzet ću si dvije.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Are you going to come and drag me off?

Hoćete li doći ovamo i odvući me?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Anyway -- so basically, Roots and Shoots

U svakom slučaju -- dakle osnovno, Korijeni i Izdanci

is beginning to change young people's lives.

počinje mijenjati živote mladih ljudi.

It's what I'm devoting most of my energy to.

Tome posvećujemo većinu svoje energije.

And I believe that a group like this can have a very major impact,

I vjerujem kako skupina poput ove može imati veliki utjecaj,

not just because you can share technology with us,

ne samo zato jer možete dijeliti tehnologiju s nama,

but because so many of you have children.

nego zato što toliki mnogi među vama imaju djecu.

And if you take this program out, and give it to your children,

I ako uzmete ovaj program i date ga svojoj djeci,

they have such a good opportunity to go out and do good,

ona imaju toliko dobru priliku da izađu van i čine dobro,

because they've got parents like you.

jer imaju roditelje poput vas.

And it's been so clear how much you all care

A tako je jasno koliko je svima vama stalo

about trying to make this world a better place.

da pokušamo učiniti ovaj svijet boljim.

It's very encouraging.

To je vrlo ohrabrujuće.

But the kids do ask me --

Ali djeca me pitaju --

and this won't take more than two minutes, I promise --

i ovo neće trajati dulje od dvije minute, obećajem --

the kids say, "Dr. Jane, do you really have hope for the future?

djeca kažu, "Dr. Jane, imate li zaista nade u budućnost?

You travel, you see all these horrible things happening."

Putujete, vidite sve te užasne stvari koje se događaju."

Firstly, the human brain -- I don't need to say anything about that.

Prvo, ljudski um -- o tome ne moram ništa reći.

Now that we know what the problems are around the world,

Sada kada znamo kakvi su problemi diljem svijeta,

human brains like yours are rising to solve those problems.

ljudski umovi poput vaših se uzdižu da riješe te probleme.

And we've talked a lot about that.

I govorili smo mnogo o tome.

Secondly, the resilience of nature.

Drugo, otpornost prirode.

We can destroy a river,

Možemo uništiti rijeku,

and we can bring it back to life.

i možemo ju oživjeti.

We can see a whole area desolated,

Možemo vidjeti čitava opustošena područja,

and it can be brought back to bloom again, with time or a little help.

i možemo učiniti da ponovno procvijetaju, s vremenom ili s malo pomoći.

And thirdly, the last speaker talked about -- or the speaker before last,

I treće, zadnji govornik je o ovome govorio -- ili govornik prije posljednjeg,

talked about the indomitable human spirit.

govorio je o neslomljivom ljudskom duhu.

We are surrounded by the most amazing people

Okruženi smo najnevjerojatnijim ljudima

who do things that seem to be absolutely impossible.

koji rade stvari koje su se činile potpuno nemogućima.¥

Nelson Mandela -- I take a little piece of limestone

Nelson Mandela -- uzela sam mali dio vapnenca

from Robben Island Prison, where he labored for 27 years,

s Robben Island Zatvora, gdje je on bio na prisilnom radu 27 godina,

and came out with so little bitterness, he could lead his people

i izašao s toliko malo gorčine, da je mogao voditi svoj narod

from the horror of apartheid without a bloodbath.

iz užasa apartheida bez krvoprolića.

Even after the 11th of September -- and I was in New York

Čak i sada nakon 11. rujna -- a bila sam u New Yorku

and I felt the fear -- nevertheless, there was so much human courage,

i osjetila sam strah -- bez obzira na to, bilo je toliko mnogo ljudske hrabrosti,

so much love and so much compassion.

toliko ljubavi i toliko suosjećanja.

And then as I went around the country after that and felt the fear --

I kako sam poslije toga išla zemljom i osjećala taj strah --

the fear that was leading to people feeling

strah koji je vodio tome da ljudi osjećaju

they couldn't worry about the environment any more,

kako se više ne mogu brinuti o okolišu,

in case they seemed not to be patriotic --

kako se ne bi činilo da nisu domoljubni --

and I was trying to encourage them,

i kako sam pokušavala ohrabriti ih,

somebody came up with a little quotation from Mahatma Gandhi,

netko je došao s citatom Mahatme Ghandija,

"If you look back through human history,

"Ako pogledate kroz ljudsku povijest,

you see that every evil regime has been overcome by good."

vidjet ćete kako je svaki zli režim nadvladan dobrim."

And just after that a woman brought me this little bell,

I odmah nakon toga jedna žena mi je donijela ovo malo zvono,

and I want to end on this note.

i želim završiti s ovom porukom.

She said, "If you're talking about hope and peace, ring this.

Ona je rekla, "Ako ćete govoriti o nadi i miru, zvonite s ovime.

This bell is made from metal from a defused landmine,

Ovo zvono je napravljeno od metala iz aktivirane poljske mine,

from the killing fields of Pol Pot --

s ubojitih polja Pol Pota --

one of the most evil regimes in human history --

jednog od najzlobnijih režima u ljudskoj povijesti --

where people are now beginning to put their lives back together

gdje ljudi sada počinju sastavljati svoje živote

after the regime has crumbled.

nakon što se režim urušio.

So, yes, there is hope, and where is the hope?

Dakle, da, postoji nada, i gdje je nada?

Is it out there with the politicians?

Je li tamo s političarima?

It's in our hands.

U našim je rukama.

It's in your hands and my hands

U vašim rukama i mojim rukama

and those of our children.

i u rukama naše djece.

It's really up to us.

Uistinu o nama ovisi.

We're the ones who can make a difference.

Mi smo ti koji mogu učiniti promjenu.

If we lead lives where we consciously leave

Ako vodimo živote u kojima svjesno ostavljamo

the lightest possible ecological footprints,

najmanje moguće ekološke tragove,

if we buy the things that are ethical for us to buy

ako kupujemo stvari koje su etične za kupiti,

and don't buy the things that are not,

i ne kupujemo one koje nisu,

we can change the world overnight.

možemo promijeniti svijet preko noći.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.