What separates us from chimpanzees? | Jane Goodall

525,058 views ใƒป 2007-05-16

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yuju Hong ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seungwoo PAEK
00:26
Good morning everyone. First of all, it's been fantastic
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋จผ์ € ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๋ช‡ ์ผ๊ฐ„์€
00:30
being here over these past few days.
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์ •๋ง ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
And secondly, I feel it's a great honor to kind of wind up
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ์ž„์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์„ ์žฅ์‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋˜์–ด
00:37
this extraordinary gathering of people,
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์˜๊ด‘์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
these amazing talks that we've had.
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๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค
00:42
I feel that I've fitted in, in many ways,
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
00:45
to some of the things that I've heard.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ž˜ ๋“ค์–ด ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
I came directly here
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๊นŠ๊ณ , ๊นŠ์€
00:52
from the deep, deep tropical rainforest in Ecuador,
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์—์ฟ ์•„๋„๋ฅด์˜ ์—ด๋Œ€ ์šฐ๋ฆผ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
where I was out -- you could only get there by a plane --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์€, ์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋กœ๋‚˜ ์ง€๋‚˜์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜,
01:00
with indigenous people with paint on their faces
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์–ผ๊ตด์— ์ƒ‰์„ ์น ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ต๋ฌด์ƒˆ ๊นƒํ„ธ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์žฅ์‹์„
01:04
and parrot feathers on their headdresses,
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
where these people are fighting to try and keep the oil companies,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ •์œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋„๋กœํ™•์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆฒ์„
01:11
and keep the roads, out of their forests.
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์ง€์ผœ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
They're fighting to develop their own way of living within the forest
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ˆฒ์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
in a world that's clean, a world that isn't contaminated,
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๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜ค์—ผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
01:22
a world that isn't polluted.
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๋”๋Ÿฝํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ์š”.
01:25
And what was so amazing to me, and what fits right in
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ TED์—์„œ
01:28
with what we're all talking about here at TED,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
01:31
is that there, right in the middle of this rainforest,
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๊ทธ ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ์ง€์—ญ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—
01:34
was some solar panels -- the first in that part of Ecuador --
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์—์ฟ ์•„๋„๋ฅด ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํƒœ์–‘ ์ „์ง€ํŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
and that was mainly to bring water up by pump
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ ค ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด
01:42
so that the women wouldn't have to go down.
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๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
The water was cleaned, but because they got a lot of batteries,
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๋ฌผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด
01:47
they were able to store a lot of electricity.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ €์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
So every house -- and there were, I think, eight houses
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด - ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ด ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งˆํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ๋‚ด์—
01:52
in this little community -- could have light
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8๊ฐœ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ - ์ „๊ธฐ๋ถˆ์„ ๋ฐํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
for, I think it was about half an hour each evening.
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๋งค์ผ ์ €๋… 30๋ถ„ ์ •๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
And there is the Chief, in all his regal finery, with a laptop computer.
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์ด๊ณณ์—๋Š” ์ œ๋ฒ• ์™•๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณต์žฅ์„ ํ•œ ์ถ”์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š๋ฐ, ๋žฉํƒ‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
02:04
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:06
And this man, he has been outside, but he's gone back,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ง€๋‚ด๋‹ค, ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
and he was saying, "You know, we have suddenly jumped into
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
02:17
a whole new era, and we didn't even know about the white man
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๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 50๋…„ ์ฏค ์ „์—” ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜
02:21
50 years ago, and now here we are with laptop computers,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋žฉํƒ‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
and there are some things we want to learn from the modern world.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
We want to know about health care.
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์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ ,
02:30
We want to know about what other people do -- we're interested in it.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
And we want to learn other languages.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ ,
02:36
We want to know English and French and perhaps Chinese,
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์˜์–ด, ๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
and we're good at languages."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:42
So there he is with his little laptop computer,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ž‘์€ ๋žฉํƒ‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Š”
02:46
but fighting against the might of the pressures --
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์™ธ์•• ์„ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
because of the debt, the foreign debt of Ecuador --
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๋นš, ์—์ฟ ์•„๋„๋ฅด์˜ ์™ธ์ฑ„๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:53
fighting the pressure of World Bank, IMF, and of course
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์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰, IMF, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ์ˆฒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์„์œ ๋ฅผ
02:57
the people who want to exploit the forests and take out the oil.
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ํŒŒ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
And so, coming directly from there to here.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ
03:06
But, of course, my real field of expertise
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์ €์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์—๋„
03:09
lies in an even different kind of civilization --
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๋†“์—ฌ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
I can't really call it a civilization.
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
A different way of life, a different being.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กด์žฌ
03:20
We've talked earlier -- this wonderful talk by Wade Davis
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ  . ์›จ์ด๋“œ ๋ฐ์ด๋น„์Šค๋Š”
03:25
about the different cultures of the humans around the world --
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:28
but the world is not composed only of human beings;
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
there are also other animal beings.
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
And I propose to bring into this TED conference,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ
03:38
as I always do around the world, the voice of the animal kingdom.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฉฐ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋“ฏ์ด, TED ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์—์„œ ๋…ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
Too often we just see a few slides, or a bit of film,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ ๋ช‡์žฅ์ด๋‚˜, ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ•„๋ฆ„ ํ•œํŽธ๋งŒ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ง์ฃ .
03:45
but these beings have voices that mean something.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋“ค๋„ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
And so, I want to give you a greeting,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ˆฒ์†์— ์‚ด๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:50
as from a chimpanzee in the forests of Tanzania --
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์นจํŒฌ์ง€์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ™˜์˜ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh!
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์šฐ, ์šฐ, ์šฐ, ์šฐ, ์šฐ, ์šฐ, ์šฐ, ์šฐ, ์šฐ, ์šฐ, ์šฐ, ์šฐ, ์šฐ, ์šฐ!
04:01
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:10
I've been studying chimpanzees in Tanzania since 1960.
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์ €๋Š” 1960๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
During that time, there have been modern technologies
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ, ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ•˜์—ฌ
04:19
that have really transformed the way
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ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„
04:21
that field biologists do their work.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
For example, for the first time, a few years ago,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ช‡๋…„ ์ „ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
04:27
by simply collecting little fecal samples
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์ ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ
04:30
we were able to have them analyzed -- to have DNA profiling done --
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด์„œ DNA ๊ฐ์‹์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:35
so for the first time, we actually know which male chimps
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์นจํŒฌ์น˜๊ฐ€
04:39
are the fathers of each individual infant.
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์–ด๋–ค ์•„๊ธฐ ์นจํŒฌ์น˜์˜ ์•„๋น ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
Because the chimps have a very promiscuous mating society.
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์นจํŒฌ์น˜๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ“์—
04:46
So this opens up a whole new avenue of research.
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธธ์„ ์—ด์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
And we use GSI -- geographic whatever it is, GSI --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” GSI๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. - ์ง€๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”, GSI-
04:56
to determine the range of the chimps.
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์นจํŒฌ์น˜ ์ด๋™๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:00
And we're using -- you can see that I'm not really into this kind of stuff --
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฌธ์™ธํ•œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
05:06
but we're using satellite imagery
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ ์œ„์„ฑ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
to look at the deforestation in the area.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๋‚จ๋ฒŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
And of course, there's developments in infrared,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ ์™ธ์„  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
05:15
so you can watch animals at night,
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๋ฐค์— ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
and equipment for recording by video,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๋…นํ™” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋“ค๊ณผ
05:20
and tape recording is getting lighter and better.
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์Œ์„ฑ ๋…น์Œ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์ ์  ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:23
So in many, many ways, we can do things today
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์ •๋ง ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
that we couldn't do when I began in 1960.
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1960๋…„์—๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:31
Especially when chimpanzees, and other animals
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ํŠนํžˆ ์นจํŒฌ์น˜๋‚˜, ๋‡Œ์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„
05:34
with large brains, are studied in captivity,
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๊ฐ€๋‘ฌ๋‘๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—
05:36
modern technology is helping us to search
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ์˜์‹์˜
05:41
for the upper levels of cognition in some of these non-human animals.
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์ƒ์œ„๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
So that we know today, they're capable of performances
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งŒ๋„
05:49
that would have been thought absolutely impossible
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๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
05:51
by science when I began.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:54
I think the chimpanzee in captivity who is the most skilled
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์œก์ค‘์ธ ์นจํŒฌ์น˜๋“ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด ์ž˜๋˜๊ณ ,
05:58
in intellectual performance is one called Ai in Japan --
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง€์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ณธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
her name means love --
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
and she has a wonderfully sensitive partner working with her.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
She loves her computer --
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
06:10
she'll leave her big group, and her running water,
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๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜, ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค
06:13
and her trees and everything.
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๊ทธ๋ฐ–์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค๋‘๊ณ 
06:15
And she'll come in to sit at this computer --
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์•ž์— ์•‰์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
it's like a video game for a kid; she's hooked.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋™์šฉ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฒŒ์ž„๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
She's 28, by the way, and she does things with her computer screen
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์ง€๊ธˆ 28์‚ด์ธ๋ฐ, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ์™€ ํ„ฐ์น˜ํŒจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
06:23
and a touch pad that she can do faster than most humans.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
She does very complex tasks, and I haven't got time to go into them,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ž‘์—…๋„ ํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด ๋ณด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
06:34
but the amazing thing about this female is
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ด ์•”์ปท์ด
06:36
she doesn't like making mistakes.
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์‹ค์ˆ˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋ง ์‹ซ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
If she has a bad run, and her score isn't good,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ž˜๋ชปํ•ด์„œ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด,
06:43
she'll come and reach up and tap on the glass --
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์ซ’์•„์™€์„œ ์œ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
because she can't see the experimenter --
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์™œ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์‹คํ—˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณผ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:47
which is asking to have another go.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
06:50
And her concentration -- she's already concentrated hard
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ 20๋ถ„์ด ๋„˜๋„๋ก ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
06:53
for 20 minutes or so, and now she wants to do it all over again,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ๋” ์ž˜ํ•ด์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ฐ์„ ์–ป๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ
06:57
just for the satisfaction of having done it better.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
And the food is not important -- she does get a tiny reward,
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์Œ์‹์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ์ž‘์€ ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
07:03
like one raisin for a correct response --
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์ •๋‹ต ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๊ฑดํฌ๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ •๋„์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š”
07:06
but she will do it for nothing, if you tell her beforehand.
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์•„๋งˆ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•ˆ์ค˜๋„ ํ–ˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
So here we are, a chimpanzee using a computer.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
Chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans also learn human sign language.
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์นจํŒฌ์ง€, ๊ณ ๋ฆด๋ผ, ์˜ค๋ž‘์šฐํƒ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
But the point is that when I was first in Gombe in 1960 --
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ 1960๋…„์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณฐ๋น„์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
I remember so well, so vividly, as though it was yesterday --
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์ €๋Š” ์•„์ง๋„ ์–ด์ œ ์ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ, ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
the first time, when I was going through the vegetation,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ’€์„ ํ—ค์น˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋˜ ์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์—
07:31
the chimpanzees were still running away from me, for the most part,
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์—ฌ์ „์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์นจํŒฌ์น˜๋“ค์ด ์ ˆ ํ”ผํ•ด ๋‹ฌ์•„๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ์ฃ ,
07:34
although some were a little bit acclimatized --
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๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง„ ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
07:38
and I saw this dark shape, hunched over a termite mound,
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์ €๋Š” ํฐ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ์œ„์— ๋ชธ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋‘์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
and I peered with my binoculars.
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์Œ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:44
It was, fortunately, one adult male whom I'd named David Greybeard --
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋น„์–ด๋“œ(ํšŒ์ƒ‰์ˆ˜์—ผ)๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฆ„์ง€์€ ์ˆ˜์ปท์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:49
and by the way, science at that time was telling me that I shouldn't name the chimps;
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์•”ํŠผ ๋‹น์‹œ ํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์นจํŒฌ์น˜์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ง“์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:52
they should all have numbers; that was more scientific.
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๋”์šฑ ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:54
Anyway, David Greybeard -- and I saw that
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์–ด์จ‹๋“ , ๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋น„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
07:57
he was picking little pieces of grass and using them
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์ž‘์€ ํ’€์žŽ๋“ค์„ ์งš์–ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
08:01
to fish termites from their underground nest.
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ํฐ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋•…๋ฐ‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๊ตด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
And not only that -- he would sometimes pick a leafy twig
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๊ทธ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์žŽ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์›Œ์„œ
08:07
and strip the leaves --
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๋‚˜๋ญ‡์žŽ์„ ๋œฏ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
08:09
modifying an object to make it suitable for a specific purpose --
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๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ . ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
08:12
the beginning of tool-making.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ฒซ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ตฌ์š”.
08:15
The reason this was so exciting and such a breakthrough
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์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ํฅ๋ถ„๋˜๊ณ  ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ด์œ ๋Š”
08:17
is at that time, it was thought that humans,
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๋‹น์‹œ๋งŒํ•ด๋„ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋งŒ์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋งŒ์ด
08:20
and only humans, used and made tools.
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๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
When I was at school, we were defined as man, the toolmaker.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต์— ์žˆ์„ ๋‹น์‹œ๋งŒํ•ด๋„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ž๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
So that when Louis Leakey, my mentor, heard this news,
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์ €์˜ ์Šค์Šน์ธ ๋ฃจ์ด์Šค ๋ ˆํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
08:31
he said, "Ah, we must now redefine 'man,' redefine 'tool,'
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"์•„, ์ด์ œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋˜๊ฐ€, ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋˜๊ฐ€,
08:34
or accept chimpanzees as humans."
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์•„๋‹˜ ์นจํŒฌ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ๊ฒ ๊ตฐ" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
08:37
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:39
We now know that at Gombe alone, there are nine different ways
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณฐ๋น„ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋งŒ๋„, ์•„ํ™‰๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
08:43
in which chimpanzees use different objects for different purposes.
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์นจํŒฌ์น˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
Moreover, we know that in different parts of Africa,
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๋”๊ตฌ๋‚˜, ์นจํŒฌ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜
08:49
wherever chimps have been studied,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜
08:51
there are completely different tool-using behaviors.
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๋„๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
And because it seems that these patterns are passed
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋“ค์€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ, ํ‰๋‚ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
08:59
from one generation to the next, through observation,
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์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ•ด์„œ ์ „ํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
imitation and practice -- that is a definition of human culture.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
What we find is that over these 40-odd years
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 40๋…„ ๋‚จ์ง“์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ
09:11
that I and others have been studying chimpanzees
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์ €์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ์นจํŒฌ์น˜, ์˜์žฅ๋ฅ˜,
09:14
and the other great apes, and, as I say, other mammals
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋‘๋‡Œ์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„
09:17
with complex brains and social systems,
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ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ
09:20
we have found that after all, there isn't a sharp line
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
09:24
dividing humans from the rest of the animal kingdom.
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๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
It's a very wuzzy line.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:29
It's getting wuzzier all the time as we find animals doing things
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ž๋งŒ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋งŒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š”
09:32
that we, in our arrogance, used to think was just human.
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๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ ์  ๋” ํฌ๋ฏธํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
The chimps -- there's no time to discuss their fascinating lives --
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์นจํŒฌ์น˜๋“ค์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์ง€๋งŒ,
09:41
but they have this long childhood, five years
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์นจํŒฌ์น˜๋“ค์€ 5๋…„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋ฏธ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ
09:44
of suckling and sleeping with the mother,
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์ “์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ํ’ˆ์— ์•ˆ๊ฒจ ์ง€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ ์„œ
09:46
and then another three, four or five years
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๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ 3,4, ๋˜๋Š” 5๋…„์”ฉ, ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๊ฐ€
09:48
of emotional dependence on her, even when the next child is born.
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ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ ๋•Œ ๊นŒ์ง€๋„, ๊ฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์กด์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
The importance of learning in that time, when behavior is flexible --
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ํ–‰๋™๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ •ํ•ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:56
and there's an awful lot to learn in chimpanzee society.
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์‹ค์ œ ์นจํŒฌ์น˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Šต๋“ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€๋ฐ์š”.
10:00
The long-term affectionate supportive bonds
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์ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์• ์ •์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š”
10:03
that develop throughout this long childhood with the mother,
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์ด ๊ธด ์œ ์•„๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋ฏธ์™€ ํ˜•์ œ, ์ž๋…€๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
10:06
with the brothers and sisters,
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๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
10:08
and which can last through a lifetime,
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60๋…„ ์ •๋„์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ‰์ƒ๋™์•ˆ
10:11
which may be up to 60 years.
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์ง€์†๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
They can actually live longer than 60 in captivity,
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ํฌํš๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ 60๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
10:16
so we've only done 40 years in the wild so far.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์•ผ์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ฒจ์šฐ 40๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
And we find chimps are capable of true compassion and altruism.
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์นจํŒฌ์น˜๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง ๋™์ •๊ณผ ์ดํƒ€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
We find in their non-verbal communication -- this is very rich --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋œ ๋น„์–ธ์–ด์  ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
they have a lot of sounds, which they use in different circumstances,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
but they also use touch, posture, gesture,
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๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ ‘์ด‰, ์ž์„ธ, ๋ชธ์ง“ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
and what do they do?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋ฌด์–ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ ?
10:38
They kiss; they embrace; they hold hands.
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ํ‚ค์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ปด์•‰๊ณ , ์†์„ ์žก์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
They pat one another on the back; they swagger; they shake their fist --
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์„œ๋กœ ๋“ฑ๋„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ ค ์ฃผ๊ณ , ๊ฑฐ๋“œ๋ฆ„๋„ ํ”ผ์šฐ๊ณ , ์ฃผ๋จน์„ ํ”๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
the kind of things that we do,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ–‰๋™๋“ค์„
10:46
and they do them in the same kind of context.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
They have very sophisticated cooperation.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
10:51
Sometimes they hunt -- not that often,
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์ž์ฃผ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์„ ํ• ๋•Œ๋ฉด
10:54
but when they hunt, they show sophisticated cooperation,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ๋•๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
and they share the prey.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žก์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
We find that they show emotions, similar to -- maybe sometimes the same --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ •์„
11:06
as those that we describe in ourselves as happiness, sadness, fear, despair.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํ””, ์Šฌํ””, ๋ถ„๋…ธ, ์ ˆ๋ง์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
They know mental as well as physical suffering.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์œก์ฒด์  ๊ณ ํ†ต ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •์‹ ์  ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
And I don't have time to go into the information
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
11:16
that will prove some of these things to you,
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๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ์š”. ๋Œ€์‹ 
11:18
save to say that there are very bright students, in the best universities,
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์ตœ๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์˜๋ฏผํ•œ
11:22
studying emotions in animals, studying personalities in animals.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
We know that chimpanzees and some other creatures
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์นจํŒฌ์น˜๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
11:29
can recognize themselves in mirrors -- "self" as opposed to "other."
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์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:34
They have a sense of humor, and these are the kind of things
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ ๋จธ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
11:38
which traditionally have been thought of as human prerogatives.
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์˜ค๋žœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋งŒ์˜ ํŠน๊ถŒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:44
But this teaches us a new respect -- and it's a new respect
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์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ์˜๋กœ์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
not only for the chimpanzees, I suggest,
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์ œ์•ˆ ํ•˜๊ฑด๋ฐ, ๋‹จ์ง€ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:52
but some of the other amazing animals with whom we share this planet.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด ๋ณ„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ†ต์ฐฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
Once we're prepared to admit that after all,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋‹จ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:59
we're not the only beings with personalities, minds
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์ฆ‰ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋งŒ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์œ„์—์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ
12:02
and above all feelings, and then we start to think
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:04
about ways we use and abuse
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ง€ํ˜œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„
12:06
so many other sentient, sapient creatures on this planet,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ช…๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
it really gives cause for deep shame, at least for me.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›€์„ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
So, the sad thing is that these chimpanzees --
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์Šฌํ”ˆ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
12:23
who've perhaps taught us, more than any other creature, a little humility --
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์ž‘์€ ๊ฒธ์†์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์„ ์ด ์นจํŒฌ์น˜๋“ค์ด ์•ผ์ƒ์—์„œ
12:27
are in the wild, disappearing very fast.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
They're disappearing for the reasons
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ณณ์— ๊ณ„์‹  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š”
12:32
that all of you in this room know only too well.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
The deforestation, the growth of human populations, needing more land.
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์ธ๊ตฌ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฒŒ์ธ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๋ฒŒ์ฑ„
12:40
They're disappearing because some timber companies
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชฉ์žฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž˜๋ผ๋‚ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:43
go in with clear-cutting.
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์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
They're disappearing in the heart of their range in Africa
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์˜ํ† ์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ธ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
because the big multinational logging companies have come in and made roads --
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋‹ค๊ตญ์  ๋ฒŒ๋ชฉ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์—์ฟ ์•„๋„๋ฅด๋‚˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ด ๋ณด์กด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง€์—ญ์—
12:54
as they want to do in Ecuador
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ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
12:56
and other parts where the forests remain untouched --
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๋“ค์–ด์™€ ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ์„์œ ๋‚˜ ๋ชฉ์žฌ๋ฅผ
12:59
to take out oil or timber.
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๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
And this has led in Congo basin, and other parts of the world,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฝฉ๊ณ  ์œ ์—ญ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ช‡ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์‰ฌ๋ฏธํŠธ(์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๋™๋ฌผ) ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ
13:08
to what is known as the bush-meat trade.
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์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒํ•œ ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
This means that although for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„๋ก ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋…„ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋…„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
13:14
people have lived in those forests, or whatever habitat it is,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ˆฒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋“  ์„ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ ,
13:18
in harmony with their world, just killing the animals they need
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ๋งŒ์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ
13:21
for themselves and their families --
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์‚ด์•„์™”์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
13:23
now, suddenly, because of the roads,
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ ๋„๋กœ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
13:26
the hunters can go in from the towns.
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์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
They shoot everything, every single thing that moves
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ์ž‘์€ ์ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๋ฉด, ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ์„
13:31
that's bigger than a small rat; they sun-dry it or smoke it.
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์˜์•„ ์žก์•„, ๋ณ•์— ๋ง๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ›ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
And now they've got transport; they take it on the logging trucks
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด, ๋ชฉ์žฌ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ํƒ„ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์—
13:39
or the mining trucks into the towns where they sell it.
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์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊ฐ์„ ์‹ฃ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์„์— ์™€์„œ ํŒ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
And people will pay more for bush-meat, as it's called,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€์‹œ๋ฏธํŠธ(์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ)๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์ ์œผ๋กœ
13:48
than for domestic meat -- it's culturally preferred.
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๋” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ถ•๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‚ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
And it's not sustainable, and the huge logging camps in the forest
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆฒ์— ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒŒ๋ชฉ ์บ ํ”„์—์„œ๋Š”
13:55
are now demanding meat, so the Pygmy hunters in the Congo basin
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋กœ์ธํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
13:59
who've lived there with their wonderful way of living
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์‚ด์•„์˜จ ์ฝฉ๊ณ  ์œ ์—ญ์˜ ํ”ผ๊ทธ๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ๋‚ญ๊พผ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ
14:03
for so many hundreds of years are now corrupted.
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ํƒ€๋ฝํ•ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
They're given weapons; they shoot for the logging camps; they get money.
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๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฒŒ๋ชฉ ์บ ํ”„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์„ ํ•ด์„œ, ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
Their culture is being destroyed,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•„์˜จ
14:12
along with the animals upon whom they depend.
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๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
So, when the logging camp moves, there's nothing left.
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๋ฒŒ๋ชฉ ์บ ํ”„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋‚จ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
We talked already about the loss of human cultural diversity,
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ์†์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
and I've seen it happening with my own eyes.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•„ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
And the grim picture in Africa -- I love Africa,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
and what do we see in Africa?
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๋ญ˜ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:30
We see deforestation;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๋ฒŒ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
we see the desert spreading; we see massive hunger;
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๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ง‰๊ณผ, ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ธฐ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ,
14:38
we see disease and we see population growth in areas
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ณด๊ณ , ํ† ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด
14:42
where there are more people living on a certain piece of land
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
14:46
than the land can possibly support,
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋„
14:48
and they're too poor to buy food from elsewhere.
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์Œ์‹์„ ์‚ด์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
Were the people that we heard about yesterday,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ œ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‚จ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ
14:54
on the Easter Island, who cut down their last tree -- were they stupid?
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์ž˜๋ผ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ด์Šคํ„ฐ ์„ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ๋ฐ”๋ณด์˜€์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:58
Didn't they know what was happening?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์„๊นŒ์š”?
15:00
Of course, but if you've seen the crippling poverty
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์˜
15:02
in some of these parts of the world
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:04
it isn't a question of "Let's leave the tree for tomorrow."
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๋‚ด์ผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘์ž๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
"How am I going to feed my family today?
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋จน์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
15:09
Maybe I can get just a few dollars from this last tree
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์•„๋งˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ด๋‚˜๋งˆ ๋” ์‚ด์ˆ˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค„
15:12
which will keep us going a little bit longer,
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๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ฑ™๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
15:14
and then we'll pray that something will happen
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ข…๋ง๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
15:17
to save us from the inevitable end."
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๊ตฌํ•ด์ค„ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
So, this is a pretty grim picture.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์•”์šธํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
The one thing we have, which makes us so different
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๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์นจํŒฌ์น˜๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋“ค๊ณผ
15:27
from chimpanzees or other living creatures,
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๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
15:29
is this sophisticated spoken language --
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
a language with which we can tell children
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
15:34
about things that aren't here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
15:36
We can talk about the distant past, plan for the distant future,
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๋จผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋จผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
15:40
discuss ideas with each other,
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
so that the ideas can grow from the accumulated wisdom of a group.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ง€ํ˜œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์•„ ๋”์šฑ ์ž๋ž„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
We can do it by talking to each other;
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
we can do it through video; we can do it through the written word.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ธ€๋กœ ์จ์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
And we are abusing this great power we have to be wise stewards,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ˜œ๋กœ์šด ์•ˆ๋‚ด์ž๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚จ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
and we're destroying the world.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
In the developed world, in a way, it's worse,
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์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋‚˜์˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
16:02
because we have so much access to knowledge
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์€ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
16:05
of the stupidity of what we're doing.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:07
Do you know, we're bringing little babies
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์•„์„ธ์š”? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์—
16:10
into a world where, in many places, the water is poisoning them?
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๋‚ด๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ค‘๋…์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
16:15
And the air is harming them, and the food that's grown
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ํ•ด์น˜๊ณ , ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ๋•…์—์„œ ์ž๋ž€ ์Œ์‹๋“ค๋กœ
16:19
from the contaminated land is poisoning them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณ‘๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:22
And that's not just in the far-away developing world; that's everywhere.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์€ ์ด ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์„ธ์ƒ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
Do you know we all have about 50 chemicals
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 50๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜
16:28
in our bodies we didn't have about 50 years ago?
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50๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ๋ชธ์†์— ์ƒ๊ธด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
16:32
And so many of these diseases, like asthma
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์ฒœ์‹์ด๋‚˜ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•”๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์ด
16:36
and certain kinds of cancers, are on the increase
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋…์„ฑ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง€๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
16:39
around places where our filthy toxic waste is dumped.
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๊ณ„์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
We're harming ourselves around the world,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…ํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
16:47
as well as harming the animals, as well as harming nature herself --
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๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…ํžˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
Mother Nature, that brought us into being;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ž์—ฐ.
16:54
Mother Nature, where I believe we need to spend time,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”,
16:58
where there's trees and flowers and birds
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ผ๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š”
17:00
for our good psychological development.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ๊ฝƒ๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๋Œ€์ž์—ฐ
17:03
And yet, there are hundreds and hundreds of children
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
17:06
in the developed world who never see nature,
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋งŒ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
because they're growing up in concrete
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์†์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:10
and all they know is virtual reality,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ํ˜„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:12
with no opportunity to go and lie in the sun,
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๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ’€ ์†์ด๋‚˜ ํƒœ์–‘์•„๋ž˜
17:16
or in the forest, with the dappled sun-specks
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๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ๋šค๋ฆฐ ์ฒœ๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋น›์„ ๋ฐ›์„
17:19
coming down from the canopy above.
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๊ธฐํšŒ์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†์ด์š”.
17:22
As I was traveling around the world, you know,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
17:25
I had to leave the forest -- that's where I love to be.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธํ† ๋ก ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆฒ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:28
I had to leave these fascinating chimpanzees
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์ดํ† ๋ก ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค์„ ๋– ๋‚˜์™€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:31
for my students and field staff to continue studying
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์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฅ ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
17:35
because, finding they dwindled from about two million
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์™œ๋‚˜ํ•˜๋ฉด 100๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š” 2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
17:38
100 years ago to about 150,000 now,
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์ด์ œ๋Š” 15๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
17:42
I knew I had to leave the forest to do what I could
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์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
17:45
to raise awareness around the world.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆฒ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜์™€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:47
And the more I talked about the chimpanzees' plight,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์นจํŒฌ์น˜์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ก
17:50
the more I realized the fact that everything's interconnected,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:55
and the problems of the developing world
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ
17:57
so often stem from the greed of the developed world,
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์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์˜ ํƒ์š•์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:00
and everything was joining together, and making -- not sense,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด, ๋ง์ด ์•Š๋˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”. ๋ง์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š”
18:05
hope lies in sense, you said -- it's making a nonsense.
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๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ, ๋ง์ด ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
18:09
How can we do it?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
18:10
Somebody said that yesterday.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ œ ๋งํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
18:12
And as I was traveling around, I kept meeting young people who'd lost hope.
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋Œ์•„ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ,
18:17
They were feeling despair,
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์ ˆ๋ง์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”.
18:20
they were feeling, "Well, it doesn't matter what we do;
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋จน๊ณ , ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
18:23
eat, drink and be merry, for tomorrow we die.
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋‚ด์ผ์ด๋ฉด ์ฃฝ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
18:25
Everything is hopeless -- we're always being told so by the media."
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฌ๋ง์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"
18:29
And then I met some who were angry,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋ถ„๋…ธํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:32
and anger that can turn to violence,
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๋ถ„๋…ธ๋Š” ํญ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
18:34
and we're all familiar with that.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์ฃ .
18:37
And I have three little grandchildren,
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์ œ๊ฒ 3๋ช…์˜ ์†์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
18:41
and when some of these students would say to me
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์„œ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ
18:44
at high school or university, they'd say, "We're angry,"
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"
18:47
or "We're filled with despair, because we feel
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋ง์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
18:50
you've compromised our future, and there's nothing we can do about it."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋”๋Ÿฝํ˜”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"
18:54
And I looked in the eyes of my little grandchildren,
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์†์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:56
and think how much we've harmed this planet since I was their age.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‚˜์ด์˜€์„ ๋•Œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์ด ์ด ๋ณ„์„ ๋”๋Ÿฝํ˜”๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:00
I feel this deep shame, and that's why in 1991 in Tanzania,
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์ €๋Š” ๊นŠ์€ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›€์„ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด 1991๋…„ ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ
19:06
I started a program that's called Roots and Shoots.
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๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ƒˆ์‹น์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:09
There's little brochures all around outside,
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๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์‹œ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ ์ž‘์€ ๋ธŒ๋กœ์…”๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:13
and if any of you have anything to do with children and care about their future,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ค‘ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ผ๋„ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
19:17
I beg that you pick up that brochure.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:20
And Roots and Shoots is a program for hope.
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๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ƒˆ์‹น์€ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:24
Roots make a firm foundation.
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๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
19:26
Shoots seem tiny,
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์ƒˆ์‹น์€ ์•ฝํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
19:28
but to reach the sun they can break through brick walls.
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ํƒœ์–‘์— ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋šซ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:31
See the brick walls as all the problems
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ดด๋กญํžˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„
19:33
that we've inflicted on this planet.
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์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด๋ผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
19:35
Then, you see, it is a message of hope.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํฌ๋ง์˜ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:39
Hundreds and thousands of young people around the world
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์ด
19:41
can break through, and can make this a better world.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋šซ๊ณ , ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:45
And the most important message of Roots and Shoots
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๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ƒˆ์‹น์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋Š”
19:48
is that every single individual makes a difference.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:52
Every individual has a role to play.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋งก์„ ์—ญํ• ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:54
Every one of us impacts the world around us everyday,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:58
and you scientists know that you can't actually --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ž ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด
20:01
even if you stay in bed all day, you're breathing oxygen
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๋งค์ผ ์นจ๋Œ€์—๋งŒ ๋ˆ„์›Œ ์žˆ์–ด๋„, ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ ,
20:04
and giving out CO2, and probably going to the loo,
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
20:08
and things like that --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:10
you're making a difference in the world.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:12
So, the Roots and Shoots program
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ƒˆ์‹น ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€
20:15
involves youth in three kinds of projects.
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์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ Š์€ ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
20:20
And these are projects to make the world around them a better place.
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๋‚˜์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:24
One project to show care and concern for your own human community.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
20:30
One for animals, including domestic animals -- and I have to say,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ, ์ธ์ •์ปจ๋ฐ
20:34
I learned everything I know about animal behavior
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋™๋ฌผํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณฐ๋น„์— ์นจํŒฌ์น˜๋ฅผ
20:36
even before I got to Gombe and the chimps from my dog, Rusty,
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๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ €์˜ ๊ฐœ, ๋ฃจ์Šคํ‹ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:40
who was my childhood companion.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ ๋™๋ฌด์˜€์ฃ .
20:43
And the third kind of project: something for the local environment.
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
20:48
So what the kids do depends first of all, how old are they --
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‚˜์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:52
and we go now from pre-school right through university.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์œ ์น˜์›๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ๋‘๋ฃจ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:56
It's going to depend whether they're inner-city or rural.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š๋ƒ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:59
It's going to depend if they're wealthy or impoverished.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€์ž์ด๋ƒ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ, ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด
21:04
It's going to depend which part, say, of America they're in.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„ ์–ด๋Š ์ง€์—ญ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:07
We're in every state now, and the problems in Florida
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
21:10
are different from the problems in New York.
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๋‰ด์š•์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:13
It's going to depend on which country they're in --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:15
and we're already in 60-plus countries, with about 5,000 active groups --
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด๋ฏธ 60๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ 5์ฒœ๊ฐœ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
21:21
and there are groups all over the place that I keep hearing about
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์ด ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์ค‘์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
21:25
that I've never even heard of, because the kids are taking the program
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์•„์ด๋“ค ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ „ํŒŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ
21:28
and spreading it themselves.
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๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:30
Why?
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์™œ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
21:32
Because they're buying into it,
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฑธ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
21:34
and they're the ones who get to decide what they're going to do.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
21:37
It isn't something that their parents tell them,
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
21:39
or their teachers tell them.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:41
That's effective, but if they decide themselves,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
21:44
"We want to clean this river
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐ•์„ ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
21:47
and put the fish back that used to be there.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ „์— ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
21:49
We want to clear away the toxic soil
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์ด ๋•…์— ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ํ† ์–‘์„ ์ •ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ
21:54
from this area and have an organic garden.
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์œ ๊ธฐ๋† ์ •์›์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
21:56
We want to go and spend time with the old people
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉฐ
21:59
and hear their stories and record their oral histories.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ „ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
22:04
We want to go and work in a dog shelter.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ๊ฒฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
22:06
We want to learn about animals. We want ... "
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”.. "
22:08
You know, it goes on and on, and this is very hopeful for me.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ์ €๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ํฌ๋ง์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:12
As I travel around the world 300 days a year,
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1๋…„์— 300์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋Œ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
22:16
everywhere there's a group of Roots and Shoots of different ages.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ น์ธต์˜ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ƒˆ์‹น ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:19
Everywhere there are children with shining eyes saying,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:21
"Look at the difference we've made."
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”"
22:24
And now comes the technology into it,
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ
22:26
because with this new way of communicating electronically
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
22:31
these kids can communicate with each other around the world.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:35
And if anyone is interested to help us, we've got so many ideas
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
22:38
but we need help -- we need help to create the right kind of system
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘์—, ์ด ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”
22:44
that will help these young people to communicate their excitement.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:48
But also -- and this is so important -- to communicate their despair,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์—ญ์‹œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ ˆ๋ง์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
22:53
to say, "We've tried this and it doesn't work, and what shall we do?"
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"์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ง€์ณค์–ด, ์ „ํ˜€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ• ๋•Œ
22:56
And then, lo and behold, there's another group answering these kids
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ต์„ ์ค„ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๊ฑด
23:00
who may be in America, or maybe this is a group in Israel,
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์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด์—์„œ๊ฑด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:03
saying, "Yeah, you did it a little bit wrong. This is how you should do it."
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"๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋๋Š” ์ง€ ์•Œ์•˜์–ด. ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์•ผ"
23:08
The philosophy is very simple.
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์ด ์›๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:11
We do not believe in violence.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:14
No violence, no bombs, no guns.
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ํญ๋ ฅ, ํญํƒ„, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:17
That's not the way to solve problems.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:19
Violence leads to violence, at least in my view.
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ํญ๋ ฅ์€ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:23
So how do we solve?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
23:25
The tools for solving the problems are knowledge and understanding.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์ดํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:30
Know the facts, but see how they fit in the big picture.
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์ง„์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์•ˆ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งž์ถฐ์งˆ์ง€ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
23:33
Hard work and persistence --don't give up --
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๊ณ ๋œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ง‘, ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ
23:36
and love and compassion leading to respect for all life.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ๋™์ •์‹ฌ
23:41
How many more minutes? Two, one?
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๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ๋‚จ์•˜์ฃ ? 2๋ถ„, 1๋ถ„?
23:43
Chris Anderson: One -- one to two.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: 1๋ถ„ -1์—์„œ 2๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:45
Jane Goodall: Two, two, I'm going to take two.
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์ œ์ธ ๊ตฌ๋‹ฌ: 2๋ถ„, 2๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ํ• ๊ป˜์š”.
23:47
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
23:48
Are you going to come and drag me off?
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์ ˆ ๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ด์‹ค ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
23:50
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
23:52
Anyway -- so basically, Roots and Shoots
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์•„๋ฌดํŠผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ƒˆ์‹น์€
23:56
is beginning to change young people's lives.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ Š์€ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:59
It's what I'm devoting most of my energy to.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”์น  ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:03
And I believe that a group like this can have a very major impact,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:10
not just because you can share technology with us,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
24:13
but because so many of you have children.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
24:16
And if you take this program out, and give it to your children,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด
24:21
they have such a good opportunity to go out and do good,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์„ ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:25
because they've got parents like you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜ ๋•๋ถ„์ด์ฃ .
24:27
And it's been so clear how much you all care
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
24:31
about trying to make this world a better place.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:33
It's very encouraging.
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์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋‹์•„์ฃผ๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
24:35
But the kids do ask me --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:37
and this won't take more than two minutes, I promise --
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2๋ถ„ ์ด์ƒ ์•ˆ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ์•ฝ์†ํ•˜์ฃ .
24:39
the kids say, "Dr. Jane, do you really have hope for the future?
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ "์ œ์ธ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ •๋ง ํฌ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
24:44
You travel, you see all these horrible things happening."
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์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด์„œ์š”?"
24:48
Firstly, the human brain -- I don't need to say anything about that.
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๋จผ์ €, ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
24:52
Now that we know what the problems are around the world,
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๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
24:55
human brains like yours are rising to solve those problems.
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๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:59
And we've talked a lot about that.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์™”์ฃ .
25:01
Secondly, the resilience of nature.
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๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ, ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ
25:04
We can destroy a river,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
25:06
and we can bring it back to life.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:08
We can see a whole area desolated,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™ฉํํ•ด์ง„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
25:13
and it can be brought back to bloom again, with time or a little help.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ž‘์€ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์†Œ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:18
And thirdly, the last speaker talked about -- or the speaker before last,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ„์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์‹ , ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
25:24
talked about the indomitable human spirit.
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๊ทธ ์ „ ๋ถ„์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ถˆ๊ตด์˜ ์˜์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:27
We are surrounded by the most amazing people
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ
25:31
who do things that seem to be absolutely impossible.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:35
Nelson Mandela -- I take a little piece of limestone
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๋„ฌ์Šจ ๋งŒ๋ธ๋ผ - ๋กœ๋ฒค์Šจ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์—์„œ ์ž‘์€ ์„ํšŒ๋Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ
25:38
from Robben Island Prison, where he labored for 27 years,
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๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ 27๋…„๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณต์—ญํ•˜๊ณ ๋„
25:41
and came out with so little bitterness, he could lead his people
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์ ˆ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์™€, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„
25:46
from the horror of apartheid without a bloodbath.
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์œ ํ˜ˆ์‚ฌํƒœ ์—†์ด ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์˜ ๊ณตํฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:49
Even after the 11th of September -- and I was in New York
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9์›” 11์ผ ์ดํ›„์—, ์ €๋Š” ๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ณตํฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์ง€๋งŒ,
25:53
and I felt the fear -- nevertheless, there was so much human courage,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ๋™์ •์‹ฌ์ด ๋„˜์ณ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
25:59
so much love and so much compassion.
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:02
And then as I went around the country after that and felt the fear --
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋‚€ ์ผ ์ดํ›„ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋Œ์•„ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ
26:06
the fear that was leading to people feeling
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฑฑ์ •
26:08
they couldn't worry about the environment any more,
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ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณตํฌ๋„
26:10
in case they seemed not to be patriotic --
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์• ๊ตญ์‹ฌ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
26:13
and I was trying to encourage them,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:15
somebody came up with a little quotation from Mahatma Gandhi,
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๋งˆํ•˜ํŠธ๋งˆ ๊ฐ„๋””์˜ ๋ง์„ ์ธ์šฉํ•ด ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
26:18
"If you look back through human history,
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"์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋’ค๋Œ์•„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
26:21
you see that every evil regime has been overcome by good."
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๋ชจ๋“  ์•…ํ•œ ์ •๊ถŒ์€ ์„ ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ตด๋ณต๋‹นํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค"
26:25
And just after that a woman brought me this little bell,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์ข…์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:29
and I want to end on this note.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ง๋กœ ๋์„ ๋งบ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:31
She said, "If you're talking about hope and peace, ring this.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ "ํฌ๋ง๊ณผ ํ‰ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ์ข…์„ ์šธ๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”
26:36
This bell is made from metal from a defused landmine,
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์ด ์ข…์€ ํดํฌํŠธ์˜ ํ‚ฌ๋งํ•„๋“œ์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์ง€๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฒดํ•ด์„œ
26:42
from the killing fields of Pol Pot --
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๋‚˜์˜จ ์‡ ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:45
one of the most evil regimes in human history --
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทน์•…ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ •๊ถŒ
26:48
where people are now beginning to put their lives back together
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๊ทธ ์ •๊ถŒ์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง„ ํ›„ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒํ™œ์„
26:52
after the regime has crumbled.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ.
26:55
So, yes, there is hope, and where is the hope?
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๋„ค, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋””์— ํฌ๋ง์ด์žˆ๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”?
26:59
Is it out there with the politicians?
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์ € ๋ฐ–์˜ ์ •์น˜์ธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
27:03
It's in our hands.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์†์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:05
It's in your hands and my hands
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋‚˜์˜ ์† ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
27:07
and those of our children.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์†์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:09
It's really up to us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:11
We're the ones who can make a difference.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์กด์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:13
If we lead lives where we consciously leave
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ตœ์†Œ์˜ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์ 
27:15
the lightest possible ecological footprints,
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๋ฐœ์ž์ทจ์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ถ์„ ์ง€์†ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
27:19
if we buy the things that are ethical for us to buy
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋•์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๊ณ ,
27:22
and don't buy the things that are not,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
27:25
we can change the world overnight.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฐค์— ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:28
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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