Michael Pawlyn: Using nature's genius in architecture

Prevodilac: Predrag Djordjevic Lektor: Ivana Korom

I'd like to start with a couple of quick examples.

Počeo bih parom brzih primera.

These are spinneret glands

Ovo su bradavice žlezdi

on the abdomen of a spider.

na stomaku pauka.

They produce six different types of silk, which is spun together into a fiber,

One proizvode šest različitih tipova svile, koje su upredene zajedno u vlakno

tougher than any fiber humans have ever made.

koje je jače od bilo kojeg vlakna koje su ljudi ikada napravili.

The nearest we've come is with aramid fiber.

Najbliže što smo uspeli da stvorimo je aramidno vlakno.

And to make that, it involves extremes of temperature,

Da bismo ga napravili, trebaju nam ekstremne temperature,

extremes of pressure and loads of pollution.

ekstremni pritisak i mnogo zagađenja.

And yet the spider manages to do it at ambient temperature and pressure

A ipak, pauku to polazi za rukom na ambijentalnoj temperaturi i pritisku

with raw materials of dead flies and water.

sa sirovim materijalima mrtvih mušica i vode.

It does suggest we've still got a bit to learn.

Ovo nam sugeriše da imamo još ponešto da naučimo.

This beetle can detect a forest fire at 80 kilometers away.

Ovaj tvrdokrilac može da otkrije šumski požar na udaljenosti od 80 kilometara.

That's roughly 10,000 times the range

To je 10.000 puta više od dometa

of man-made fire detectors.

detektora dima koje je napravio čovek.

And what's more, this guy doesn't need a wire

Što je još bolje, njemu ne treba žica

connected all the way back to a power station burning fossil fuels.

koja je povezana na električnu centralu koja sagoreva fosilna goriva.

So these two examples give a sense of what biomimicry can deliver.

Ova dva primera nam daju uvid u ono što nam biomimetika može pružiti.

If we could learn to make things and do things the way nature does,

Ako bismo mogli da naučimo da stvaramo i radimo stvari onako kako to priroda radi

we could achieve factor 10, factor 100,

mogli bismo da dostignemo faktor 10, faktor 100,

maybe even factor 1,000 savings

možda čak i faktor 1 000 u uštedi

in resource and energy use.

resursa i upotrebi energije.

And if we're to make progress with the sustainability revolution,

Ako želimo da ostvarimo napredak u revoluciji održivosti,

I believe there are three really big changes

verujem da postoje tri velike promene

we need to bring about.

koje treba da primenimo.

Firstly, radical increases in resource efficiency.

Prvo, korenito povećanje učinka resursa.

Secondly, shifting from a linear, wasteful,

Drugo, promena od linijskog, rasipničkog,

polluting way of using resources

zagađujućeg načina korišćenja resursa

to a closed-loop model.

do modela zatvorene petlje.

And thirdly, changing from a fossil fuel economy

I treće, promena od ekonomije zasnovane na fosilnim gorivima

to a solar economy.

do solarne ekonomije.

And for all three of these, I believe,

Verujem da za ove tri promene

biomimicry has a lot of the solutions that we're going to need.

biomimetika ima mnogo rešenja koja će nam trebati.

You could look at nature as being like a catalog of products,

Možete gledati na prirodu kao na katalog proizvoda

and all of those have benefited

i svi oni su imali koristi

from a 3.8-billion-year research and development period.

od perioda od 3.8 milijardi godina istraživanja i razvoja.

And given that level of investment, it makes sense to use it.

S obzirom na nivo investicija, ima smisla iskoristiti ga.

So I'm going to talk about some projects that have explored these ideas.

Govoriću o nekim projektima koji su istraživali ove ideje.

And let's start with radical increases

Počnimo sa korenitim povećanjem

in resource efficiency.

učinka resursa.

When we were working on the Eden Project,

Kada smo radili na Edenskom projektu,

we had to create a very large greenhouse

morali smo da napravimo jako veliki staklenik

in a site that was not only irregular,

na gradilištu koje ne samo da je bilo nepravilno,

but it was continually changing because it was still being quarried.

već se i stalno menjalo zbog vađenja kamena iz kamenoloma.

It was a hell of a challenge,

To je bio veoma veliki izazov

and it was actually examples from biology

i zapravo su nam primeri iz biologije

that provided a lot of the clues.

dali puno smernica.

So for instance,

Tako su nam, na primer,

it was soap bubbles that helped us generate a building form

mehurići sapunice pomogli da damo oblik građevini

that would work regardless of the final ground levels.

koji bi radio bez obzira na nivelaciju zemljišta.

Studying pollen grains

Proučavanje čestica polena,

and radiolaria and carbon molecules

radiolarije i molekula ugljenika

helped us devise the most efficient structural solution

nam je pomoglo da osmislimo najefikasnije rešenje konstrukcije

using hexagons and pentagons.

korišćenjem šestouglova i petouglova.

The next move was that we wanted

Sledeći korak je bio naša želja

to try and maximize the size of those hexagons.

da povećamo do maksimuma veličinu ovih šestouglova.

And to do that we had to find an alternative to glass,

Da bismo to uradili, morali smo pronaći zamenu za staklo,

which is really very limited in terms of its unit sizes.

koje je veoma ograničeno u pogledu veličine svojih delova.

And in nature there are lots of examples

U prirodi imamo mnogo primera

of very efficient structures based on pressurized membranes.

veoma efikasnih struktura baziranih na membranama koje su pod pritiskom.

So we started exploring this material called ETFE.

Počeli smo da istražujemo materijal nazvan ETFE.

It's a high-strength polymer.

Ovo je veoma jak polimer.

And what you do is you put it together in three layers,

Ono što radite sa njim jeste da ga sastavite u tri sloja,

you weld it around the edge, and then you inflate it.

zavarite ga oko ivica, a onda naduvate.

And the great thing about this stuff

Ono što je odlično u vezi sa ovom stvari

is you can make it in units

je što možete da napravite komade

of roughly seven times the size of glass,

otprilike sedam puta veće od staklenih,

and it was only one percent of the weight of double-glazing.

a činio je samo jedan procenat težine dvostrukog zastakljivanja.

So that was a factor-100 saving.

Dakle to je faktor 100 uštede.

And what we found is that we got into a positive cycle

Ono što smo otkrili jeste da smo ušli u pozitivan ciklus

in which one breakthrough facilitated another.

u kome je jedan proboj olakšavao drugi.

So with such large, lightweight pillows,

Dakle, sa tako velikim, laganim jastucima,

we had much less steel.

imali smo mnogo manje čelika.

With less steel we were getting more sunlight in,

Uz manje čelika, imali smo više sunčeve svetlosti koja je prodirala unutra

which meant we didn't have to put as much extra heat in winter.

što je značilo da nismo morali mnogo da dogrevamo tokom zime.

And with less overall weight in the superstructure,

A sa manjom ukupnom težinom superstrukture,

there were big savings in the foundations.

imali smo i velike uštede u temeljima.

And at the end of the project we worked out

Na kraju projekta smo izračunali

that the weight of that superstructure

da je težina te superstrukture

was actually less than the weight of the air inside the building.

zapravo bila manja od težine vazduha koji je u unutrašnjosti zgrade.

So I think the Eden Project is a fairly good example

Mislim da je Edenski projekar sasvim dobar primer

of how ideas from biology

kako ideje iz biologije

can lead to radical increases in resource efficiency --

mogu voditi u korenito povećanje učinka resursa --

delivering the same function,

pružajući istu funkciju,

but with a fraction of the resource input.

ali sa delićem korišćenih resursa.

And actually there are loads of examples in nature

Zapravo postoji mnoštvo pimera u prirodi

that you could turn to for similar solutions.

koje bi mogli iskoristiti za slična rešenja.

So for instance, you could develop super-efficient roof structures

Na primer, mogli biste da razvijete superefikasne krovne strukture

based on giant Amazon water lilies,

zasnovane na džinovskim amazonskim lotusima,

whole buildings inspired by abalone shells,

cele zgrade inspirisane abalon školjkom,

super-lightweight bridges inspired by plant cells.

superlake mostove inspirisane biljnim ćelijama.

There's a world of beauty and efficiency to explore here

Postoji ceo svet lepote i efikasnosti koji treba istražiti

using nature as a design tool.

koristeći prirodu kao alatku za dizajniranje.

So now I want to go onto talking about the linear-to-closed-loop idea.

Sada želim da govorim o ideji promene od linijskog do modela zatvorene petlje.

The way we tend to use resources

Način kome naginjemo prilikom korišćenja resursa

is we extract them,

je da ih izvadimo,

we turn them into short-life products and then dispose of them.

pretvorimo u proizvode sa kratkim vekom trajanja i onda ih bacimo.

Nature works very differently.

Priroda funkcioniše mnogo drugačije.

In ecosystems, the waste from one organism

U ekosistemima, otpad jednog organizma

becomes the nutrient for something else in that system.

postaje hrana za nešto drugo u tom sistemu.

And there are some examples of projects

Postoje primeri projekata

that have deliberately tried to mimic ecosystems.

koji su namerno pokušali da imitiraju ekosisteme.

And one of my favorites

Jedan od mojih omiljenih

is called the Cardboard to Caviar Project

je nazvan "Od kartona do kavijara" projekat

by Graham Wiles.

sačinjen od strane Grejema Vajlsa.

And in their area they had a lot of shops and restaurants

U njihovom kraju su imali puno prodavnica i restorana

that were producing lots of food, cardboard and plastic waste.

koji su proizvodili puno otpadaka hrane, kartona i plastike.

It was ending up in landfills.

To je završavalo na deponijama.

Now the really clever bit is what they did with the cardboard waste.

Zaista je pametno šta su uradili sa kartonskim otpadom.

And I'm just going to talk through this animation.

Sada ću da vam objasnim ovu animaciju.

So they were paid to collect it from the restaurants.

Bilo im je plaćeno da ga sakupljaju od restorana.

They then shredded the cardboard

Onda su seckali karton

and sold it to equestrian centers as horse bedding.

i prodavali ga jahačkim centrima kao prostirku za podloge.

When that was soiled, they were paid again to collect it.

Kada bi se ona zaprljala, ponovo su bili plaćeni da bi je sakupili.

They put it into worm recomposting systems,

Stavljali bi je u crvlje sisteme za rekompostiranje,

which produced a lot of worms, which they fed to Siberian sturgeon,

koji bi proizveli puno crva, kojima su hranili sibirske jesetre

which produced caviar, which they sold back to the restaurants.

koje su proizvodile kavijar, koji su prodavali restoranima.

So it transformed a linear process

Tako je linijski proces preobražen

into a closed-loop model,

u kružni model

and it created more value in the process.

i tokom procesa je stvorio veću korist.

Graham Wiles has continued to add more and more elements to this,

Grejem Vajls je nastavio da ovome pridodaje još i još elemenata,

turning waste streams into schemes that create value.

pretvarajući tokove otpada u šeme koje stvaraju korist.

And just as natural systems

I baš kao što prirodni sistemi

tend to increase in diversity and resilience over time,

teže da povećaju raznovrsnost i otpornost tokom vremena,

there's a real sense with this project

postoji velika izvesnost vezana za ovaj projekat

that the number of possibilities

da će broj mogućnosti

just continue increasing.

nastaviti da se povećava.

And I know it's a quirky example,

Znam da je ovo pomalo čudan primer,

but I think the implications of this are quite radical,

ali mislim da su njegove implikacije zaista korenite,

because it suggests that we could actually

zato što upućuje da bismo zapravo mogli

transform a big problem -- waste -- into a massive opportunity.

da preobratimo jedan veliki problem -- otpad -- u veliku priliku.

And particularly in cities --

Naročito u gradovima --

we could look at the whole metabolism of cities,

mogli bismo da se fokusiramo na ceo metabolizam gradova,

and look at those as opportunities.

i na njih gledamo kao na prilike.

And that's what we're doing on the next project I'm going to talk about,

To i radimo u sledećem projektu o kome ću da govorim,

the Mobius Project,

U Mobijus projektu,

where we're trying to bring together a number of activities,

gde pokušavamo da spojimo brojne aktivnosti,

all within one building,

sve u okviru jedne zgrade,

so that the waste from one can be the nutrient for another.

tako da otpad jedne postaje hrana za drugu aktivnost.

And the kind of elements I'm talking about

Vrste elemenata o kojima govorim

are, firstly, we have a restaurant inside a productive greenhouse,

su, prvo, imamo restoran u okviru produktivnog staklenika,

a bit like this one in Amsterdam called De Kas.

pomalo nalik onom u Amsterdamu nazvanom "De Kas".

Then we would have an anaerobic digester,

Potom imamo anaerobnu jedinicu za varenje,

which could deal with all the biodegradable waste from the local area,

koja bi mogla da se izbori sa svim biorazgradivim otpadom u oblasti,

turn that into heat for the greenhouse

pretvori ga u toplotu za staklenu baštu

and electricity to feed back into the grid.

i struju koja se može vratiti u mrežu.

We'd have a water treatment system

Imali bismo sistem za prečišćavanje vode,

treating wastewater, turning that into fresh water

koji bi tretirao otpadne vode, pretvarajući ih u svežu vodu,

and generating energy from the solids

i stvarajući energiju iz čvrstih materijala

using just plants and micro-organisms.

koristeći samo biljke i mikro-organizme.

We'd have a fish farm fed with vegetable waste from the kitchen

Imali bi ribnjak u kome bi kao hranu koristili otpadno povrće iz kuhinje

and worms from the compost

i crve iz komposta,

and supplying fish back to the restaurant.

obezbeđujući ribu za restoran.

And we'd also have a coffee shop, and the waste grains from that

Takođe bi imali i kafić, a otpadno zrnevlje iz njega

could be used as a substrate for growing mushrooms.

bi moglo biti iskorišćeno za uzgoj pečuraka.

So you can see that we're bringing together

Možete videti da spajamo

cycles of food, energy and water and waste

cikluse hrane, energije, vode i otpada

all within one building.

sve u okviru jedne zgrade.

And just for fun, we've proposed this for a roundabout in central London,

Čisto zbog zabave smo ovo predložili za kružni tok u centralnom delu Londona

which at the moment is a complete eyesore.

koji je trenutno pravo ruglo.

Some of you may recognize this.

Neki od vas možda prepoznaju ovo.

And with just a little bit of planning,

Uz samo malo planiranja,

we could transform a space dominated by traffic

mogli bismo da preobrazimo ovaj prostor u kome dominira saobraćaj

into one that provides open space for people,

u onaj koji pruža ljudima otvoren prostor,

reconnects people with food

ponovo povezuje ljude sa hranom

and transforms waste into closed loop opportunities.

i koji preobražava otpad u zatvorenu petlju prilika.

So the final project I want to talk about

Krajnji projekat o kome želim da govorim

is the Sahara Forest Project, which we're working on at the moment.

jeste Projekat šume Sahare, na kome trenutno radimo.

It may come as a surprise to some of you

Za neke od vas može biti pravo iznenađenje

to hear that quite large areas of what are currently desert

da čuju da su prilično velike oblasti onoga što je trenutno pustinja

were actually forested a fairly short time ago.

zapravo bile pod šumom pre jako malo vremena.

So for instance, when Julius Caesar arrived in North Africa,

Tako na primer, kada je Julije Cezar došao u severnu Afriku

huge areas of North Africa

velike oblasti severne Afrike

were covered in cedar and cypress forests.

su bile pokrivene šumama kedra i čempresa.

And during the evolution of life on the Earth,

Tokom evolucije života na Zemlji

it was the colonization

nastanjivanje kopna

of the land by plants

od strane biljaka

that helped create the benign climate we currently enjoy.

je pomoglo stvaranju dobroćudne klime u kojoj trenutno uživamo.

The converse is also true.

Obrnuta situacija je takođe tačna.

The more vegetation we lose,

Što više vegetacije izgubimo,

the more that's likely to exacerbate climate change

veće su mogućnosti da će se klimatske promene pogoršati

and lead to further desertification.

i odvesti do dalje dezertifikacije.

And this animation,

Ova animacija,

this shows photosynthetic activity over the course of a number of years,

ovo nam pokazuje fotosintetičku aktivnost tokom perioda od nekoliko godina,

and what you can see is that the boundaries of those deserts

a ono što možete videti je da se granice ovih pustinja

shift quite a lot,

dosta pomeraju,

and that raises the question

a to postavlja pitanje

of whether we can intervene at the boundary conditions

da li se možemo umešati u granične uslove

to halt, or maybe even reverse, desertification.

da bi zaustavili ili možda čak i obrnuli, dezertifikaciju.

And if you look at some of the organisms

Ako pogledate neke organizme

that have evolved to live in deserts,

koji su evoluirali da bi preživeli u pustinji,

there are some amazing examples of adaptations to water scarcity.

videćete neke neverovatne primere adaptacije na oskudnost vode.

This is the Namibian fog-basking beetle,

Ovo je namibijski tvrdokrilac koji se izležava u magli

and it's evolved a way of harvesting its own fresh water in a desert.

i razvio je način za prikupljanje sveže vode u pustinji.

The way it does this is it comes out at night,

Način na koji ovo radi je da izađe u toku noći,

crawls to the top of a sand dune,

uspuže se do vrha brda,

and because it's got a matte black shell,

a zato što ima matirani crni oklop

is able to radiate heat out to the night sky

može da oslobodi toplotu put noćnog neba

and become slightly cooler than its surroundings.

i postane malo hladniji od svog okruženja.

So when the moist breeze blows in off the sea,

Kada vlažan povetarac duva iz pravca mora,

you get these droplets of water forming on the beetle's shell.

dobijete ove kapljice vode koje se formiraju na oklopu ovog tvrdokrilca.

Just before sunrise, he tips his shell up, the water runs down into his mouth,

Pre izlaska sunca, on nagne svoj oklop, voda se slije u njegova usta,

has a good drink, goes off and hides for the rest of the day.

on je popije, ode i krije se tokom ostatka dana.

And the ingenuity, if you could call it that,

Genijalnost, ako bismo je mogli nazvati tako,

goes even further.

ide čak i dalje.

Because if you look closely at the beetle's shell,

Zato što ako pogledate izbliza njegov oklop,

there are lots of little bumps on that shell.

videćete mnogo malih izbočina na njemu.

And those bumps are hydrophilic; they attract water.

Sve te izbočine su hidrofilne, one privlače vodu.

Between them there's a waxy finish which repels water.

Između njih je voskirana površina koja odbija vodu.

And the effect of this is that

Efekat koji ovo ima je taj

as the droplets start to form on the bumps,

da kada kaplice počnu da se formiraju na izbočinama,

they stay in tight, spherical beads,

one ostaju u tesnim, sferičnim perlama

which means they're much more mobile

što znači da su one mnogo mobilnije

than they would be if it was just a film of water over the whole beetle's shell.

nego da su samo film vode preko celog tvrdokrilčevog oklopa.

So even when there's only a small amount of moisture in the air,

Čak i kada ima samo malu količinu vlage u vazduhu,

it's able to harvest that very effectively and channel it down to its mouth.

on može da je sakupi veoma efikasno i kanališe je u svoja usta.

So amazing example of an adaptation

Ovo je neverovatan primer prilagođavanja

to a very resource-constrained environment --

na okruženje sa veoma oskudnim resursima --

and in that sense, very relevant

i u tom smislu, veoma relevantan

to the kind of challenges we're going to be facing

za vrste izazova sa kojima ćemo se mi suočavati

over the next few years, next few decades.

tokom nekoliko sledećih godina, nekoliko sledećih decenija.

We're working with the guy who invented the Seawater Greenhouse.

Radimo sa čovekom koji je izumeo Staklenik morske vode.

This is a greenhouse designed for arid coastal regions,

Ovo je staklenik koji je dizajniran za suve priobalne predele,

and the way it works is that you have this whole wall of evaporator grills,

a princip na kome radi je da imate ovaj ceo zid rešetki isparivača,

and you trickle seawater over that

i kada morska voda curi preko njih,

so that wind blows through, it picks up a lot of moisture

a vetar duva kroz njih, on sakuplja mnogo vlage

and is cooled in the process.

i biva rashlađen tokom ovog procesa.

So inside it's cool and humid,

Unutra je sveže i vlažno,

which means the plants need less water to grow.

što znači da biljkama treba manje vode da bi rasle.

And then at the back of the greenhouse,

Potom, na kraju staklenika

it condenses a lot of that humidity as freshwater

veliki deo te vlage biva kondenzovan kao sveža voda

in a process that is effectively identical to the beetle.

u procesu koji je efektivno istovetan onom kod tvrdokrilca.

And what they found with the first Seawater Greenhouse that was built

Ono što su otkrili sa prvim Staklenikom morske vode

was it was producing slightly more freshwater

je da proizvodi malo više sveže vode

than it needed for the plants inside.

nego što je neophodno za biljke unutra.

So they just started spreading this on the land around,

Počeli su da je prolivaju po okolnom zemljištu

and the combination of that and the elevated humidity

i mešavina toga i povišene vlažnosti

had quite a dramatic effect on the local area.

imala je dramatičan efekat na okolnu regiju.

This photograph was taken on completion day,

Ova fotografija je snimljena na dan završetka,

and just one year later, it looked like that.

a samo godinu dana kasnije, izgledalo je ovako.

So it was like a green inkblot spreading out from the building

Bilo je poput mrlje od mastila koja se širila iz zgrade

turning barren land back into biologically productive land --

pretvarajući jalovo zemljište u biološki produktivno --

and in that sense, going beyond sustainable design

i u tom smislu, odlazeći iznad održivog dizajna

to achieve restorative design.

da bi dostiglo povratni dizajn.

So we were keen to scale this up

Bili smo željni da proporcionalno uvećamo ovo

and apply biomimicry ideas to maximize the benefits.

i primenimo ideju biomimetike da bismo povećali koristi.

And when you think about nature,

Kada mislite o prirodi

often you think about it as being all about competition.

često mislite da se u prirodi radi samo o takmičenju.

But actually in mature ecosystems,

Ali zapravo, u zrelim ekosistemima

you're just as likely to find examples

isti su vam izgledi da nađete primere

of symbiotic relationships.

simbiotičkih odnosa.

So an important biomimicry principle

Jedan od bitnih biomimetičkih principa

is to find ways of bringing technologies together

je pronaći načine za spajanje tehnologija

in symbiotic clusters.

u simbiotičke grupe.

And the technology that we settled on

Tehnologija za koju smo se složili

as an ideal partner for the Seawater Greenhouse

da će biti idealan partner Stakleniku morske vode

is concentrated solar power,

je koncentrisana solarna energija,

which uses solar-tracking mirrors to focus the sun's heat

koja koristi ogledala koja prate sunce da bi fokusirala toplotu

to create electricity.

zarad stvaranja energije.

And just to give you some sense of the potential of CSP,

Da bih vam dao uvid u potencijal koncentrisane solarne energije,

consider that we receive

razmotrite da mi svake godine

10,000 times as much energy from the sun every year

primimo 10.000 puta više energije od Sunca

as we use in energy from all forms --

nego što potrošimo energije u bilo kom obliku --

10,000 times.

10.000 puta.

So our energy problems are not intractable.

Dakle, naši energetski problemi nisu nerešivi.

It's a challenge to our ingenuity.

To je izazov za našu genijalnost.

And the kind of synergies I'm talking about

Oblik sinergija o kojima govorim

are, firstly, both these technologies work very well in hot, sunny deserts.

su, prvo, obe ove tehnologije rade jako dobro u vrelim, sunčanim pustinjama.

CSP needs a supply of demineralized freshwater.

Koncentrisanoj solarnoj energiji treba zaliha demineralizovane sveže vode.

That's exactly what the Seawater Greenhouse produces.

A to je upravo ono što Staklenik morske vode proizvodi.

CSP produces a lot of waste heat.

KSE proizvodi mnogo otpadne toplote.

We'll be able to make use of all that to evaporate more seawater

Moći ćemo da je iskoristimo da isparimo više morske vode

and enhance the restorative benefits.

i unapredimo povratne koristi.

And finally, in the shade under the mirrors,

I na kraju, u senci ispod ogledala

it's possible to grow all sorts of crops

moguće je uzgajati razne vrste useva

that would not grow in direct sunlight.

koji ne bi rasli na direktnom suncu.

So this is how this scheme would look.

Evo kako bi ova šema izgledala.

The idea is we create this long hedge of greenhouses facing the wind.

Ideja je da napravimo ovaj veliki niz staklenika koji bi bili upravljeni ka vetru.

We'd have concentrated solar power plants

Imali bi elektrane koncentrovane sunčeve energije

at intervals along the way.

na intervalima duž ovog niza.

Some of you might be wondering what we would do with all the salts.

Možda se pitate šta bi uradili sa svim solima.

And with biomimicry, if you've got an underutilized resource,

U biomimetici, kada imate resurs koji ne koristite,

you don't think, "How am I going to dispose of this?"

ne mislite: "Kako da se rešim ovoga?"

You think, "What can I add to the system to create more value?"

Mislite: "Šta mogu da dodam u sistem da bih dobio još koristi?"

And it turns out

Ispostavilo se

that different things crystallize out at different stages.

da se različite stvari kristališu u različitim fazama.

When you evaporate seawater, the first thing to crystallize out

Kada isparavate morsku vodu, prva stvar koja se kristališe

is calcium carbonate.

je kalcijum karbonat.

And that builds up on the evaporators --

To se kristališe na isparivačima --

and that's what that image on the left is --

i to je ono što je na levoj slici --

gradually getting encrusted with the calcium carbonate.

postepeno se formira korica od kalcijum karbonata.

So after a while, we could take that out,

Posle nekog vremena, mogli bismo to da izvadimo

use it as a lightweight building block.

i upotrebimo kao gradivni blok.

And if you think about the carbon in that,

Mislite o ugljeniku koji je unutra,

that would have come out of the atmosphere, into the sea

koji je izdvojen iz atmosfere u more,

and then locked away in a building product.

a onda zaključan u gradivnom proizvodu.

The next thing is sodium chloride.

Sledeća stvar je kuhinjska so.

You can also compress that into a building block,

Nju takođe možete kompresovati u gradivni blok,

as they did here.

kao što je urađeno ovde.

This is a hotel in Bolivia.

Ovo je hotel u Boliviji.

And then after that, there are all sorts

Nakon toga, postoji mnoštvo

of compounds and elements that we can extract,

jedinjenja i elemenata koje možemo izvaditi,

like phosphates, that we need to get back into the desert soils to fertilize them.

kao što su fosfati, koje trebamo vratiti u pustinjska tla da bi ih nađubrili.

And there's just about every element of the periodic table

U morskoj vodi postoji

in seawater.

gotovo svaki elemenat iz periodnog sistema.

So it should be possible to extract valuable elements

Bilo bi, dakle, moguće izvaditi vredne elemente,

like lithium for high-performance batteries.

poput litijuma za baterije visokih performansi.

And in parts of the Arabian Gulf,

A u delovima Persijskog zaliva

the seawater, the salinity is increasing steadily

morska voda, salinitet stabilno raste

due to the discharge of waste brine

zbog otpuštanja otpadnih voda

from desalination plants.

iz postrojenja za desalinizaciju.

And it's pushing the ecosystem close to collapse.

Ovo gura ekosistem ka kolapsu.

Now we would be able to make use of all that waste brine.

Sada bi mogli da iskoristimo sve te otpadne vode.

We could evaporate it

Mogli bismo da ih isparimo

to enhance the restorative benefits

da bismo povećali povratne koristi

and capture the salts,

i zarobimo soli,

transforming an urgent waste problem into a big opportunity.

preobražavajući hitan problem otpada u jednu veliku priliku.

Really the Sahara Forest Project is a model

Zaista, Projekat šume Sahare je model

for how we could create zero-carbon food,

prema kome bismo mogli da stvaramo ugljenički neutralnu hranu,

abundant renewable energy in some of the most water-stressed parts of the planet

obilnu obnovljivu energiju u nekima od najsuvljih predela planete

as well as reversing desertification in certain areas.

kao i da preokrenemo dezertifikaciju u nekim oblastima.

So returning to those big challenges that I mentioned at the beginning:

Vratimo se na velike izazove koje sam spomenuo na početku:

radical increases in resource efficiency,

radikalno povećanje učinka resursa,

closing loops and a solar economy.

modeli zatvorene petlje i solarna ekonomija.

They're not just possible; they're critical.

Oni nisu samo mogući; oni su od velike važnosti.

And I firmly believe that studying the way nature solves problems

Čvrsto verujem da će nam izučavanje načina na koji priroda rešava probleme

will provide a lot of the solutions.

dati mnogo rešenja.

But perhaps more than anything, what this thinking provides

Ali ako ništa drugo, ono što nam ovo razmišljanje pruža

is a really positive way of talking about sustainable design.

je jedan veoma pozitivan način govora o održivom dizajnu.

Far too much of the talk about the environment

Preveliki deo razgovora o životnoj sredini

uses very negative language.

koristi veoma negativan jezik.

But here it's about synergies and abundance and optimizing.

Ali ovde se radi o sinergijama i izobilju i optimizaciji.

And this is an important point.

Ovo je jedna jako bitna tačka.

Antoine de Saint-Exupery once said,

Antoan de Sent-Egziperi je jednom rekao:

"If you want to build a flotilla of ships,

"Ako želiš da sagradiš flotu brodova,

you don't sit around talking about carpentry.

ne sediš i pričajuči o stolariji.

No, you need to set people's souls ablaze

Ne, trebate rasplamsati duše ljudi

with visions of exploring distant shores."

vizijama o istraživanju dalekih obala."

And that's what we need to do, so let's be positive,

I to je ono što mi treba da uradimo, zato budimo pozitivni,

and let's make progress with what could be

i hajde da stvaramo napredak sa nečim što bi moglo da bude

the most exciting period of innovation we've ever seen.

najuzbudljiviji period u inovacijama koji smo ikada videli.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)