Michael Pawlyn: Using nature's genius in architecture

397,747 views ・ 2011-02-10

TED


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Prevoditelj: Tilen Pigac - EFZG Recezent: Bojan Hodap
00:15
I'd like to start with a couple of quick examples.
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Započeo bio sa par kratkih primjera.
00:18
These are spinneret glands
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Ovo su bradavice žlijezde
00:20
on the abdomen of a spider.
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na paukovom trbuhu.
00:22
They produce six different types of silk, which is spun together into a fiber,
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One proizvode šest različitih vrsta svile, koje su zatim ispredene u vlakno,
00:25
tougher than any fiber humans have ever made.
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čvršće od bilo kojeg vlakna koje su ljudi ikada proizveli.
00:28
The nearest we've come is with aramid fiber.
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Najbliže što smo uspjeli proizvesti je aramidno vlakno.
00:31
And to make that, it involves extremes of temperature,
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A da bi se to proizvelo, moramo uključiti ekstremne temperature,
00:33
extremes of pressure and loads of pollution.
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ekstremne pritiske i gomilu zagađenja.
00:36
And yet the spider manages to do it at ambient temperature and pressure
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A ipak, pauk to uspijeva proizvesti na temperaturi i pritisku okoline
00:39
with raw materials of dead flies and water.
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sa sirovinama mrtvih muha i vode.
00:42
It does suggest we've still got a bit to learn.
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To nam sugerira da još uvijek imamo ponešto za naučiti.
00:44
This beetle can detect a forest fire at 80 kilometers away.
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Ova buba može detektirati šumski požar na udaljenosti od 80 km.
00:47
That's roughly 10,000 times the range
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To je ugrubo 10.000 puta bolje
00:49
of man-made fire detectors.
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od detektora požara koje su ljudi izradili.
00:51
And what's more, this guy doesn't need a wire
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I štoviše, ovom liku nije potrebna žica
00:53
connected all the way back to a power station burning fossil fuels.
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koja je cijelim putem povezana sa električnom centralom koja sagorijeva fosilna goriva.
00:57
So these two examples give a sense of what biomimicry can deliver.
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Dakle, ova dva primjera nam daju osjećaj što biomimikrija može polučiti.
01:00
If we could learn to make things and do things the way nature does,
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Kada bismo mogli naučiti izrađivati stvari i raditi stvari na način na koji to priroda radi,
01:03
we could achieve factor 10, factor 100,
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postigli bi faktor od 10, faktor od 100,
01:05
maybe even factor 1,000 savings
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možda faktor od 1.000 puta u uštedi
01:07
in resource and energy use.
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resursa i korištenju energije.
01:10
And if we're to make progress with the sustainability revolution,
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A ukoliko želimo postići napredak sa revolucijom održivosti,
01:13
I believe there are three really big changes
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vjerujem kako postoje tri doista velike promjene
01:15
we need to bring about.
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koje moramo provesti.
01:17
Firstly, radical increases in resource efficiency.
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Prvo, radikalna povećanja u učinkovitosti resursa.
01:20
Secondly, shifting from a linear, wasteful,
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Drugo, prebacivanje sa linearnog,rasipnog,
01:22
polluting way of using resources
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zagađivačkog načina korištenja resursa
01:24
to a closed-loop model.
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na model zatvorene petlje.
01:26
And thirdly, changing from a fossil fuel economy
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I treće, promjena sa ekonomije fosilnih goriva
01:28
to a solar economy.
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na solarnu ekonomiju.
01:30
And for all three of these, I believe,
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A za sve tri, vjerujem,
01:32
biomimicry has a lot of the solutions that we're going to need.
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kako biomimikrija ima mnogo rješenja koja će nam biti potrebna.
01:34
You could look at nature as being like a catalog of products,
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Možete promatrati prirodu kao katalog proizvoda,
01:37
and all of those have benefited
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a svaki od njih se okoristio
01:39
from a 3.8-billion-year research and development period.
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3,8 milijardi dugačkim periodom istraživanja i razvoja.
01:42
And given that level of investment, it makes sense to use it.
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I uzimajući u obzir taj nivo investicija, ima ga smisla koristiti.
01:45
So I'm going to talk about some projects that have explored these ideas.
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Stoga ću pričati o nekim projektima koji su istraživali te ideje.
01:48
And let's start with radical increases
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I započnimo sa radikalnim povećanjima
01:50
in resource efficiency.
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u učinkovitosti resursa.
01:52
When we were working on the Eden Project,
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Kada smo radili na projektu Eden,
01:54
we had to create a very large greenhouse
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morali smo stvoriti veoma velik staklenik
01:56
in a site that was not only irregular,
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na lokaciji koja, ne samo da je bila nepravilna,
01:58
but it was continually changing because it was still being quarried.
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već se i stalno mijenjala jer su je još uvijek iskopavali.
02:01
It was a hell of a challenge,
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Bio je to ogroman izazov,
02:03
and it was actually examples from biology
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i zapravo su nam primjeri iz biologije
02:05
that provided a lot of the clues.
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pružali mnogo tragova.
02:07
So for instance,
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Na primjer,
02:09
it was soap bubbles that helped us generate a building form
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mjehurići sapuna su nam pomogli u generiranju oblika građevine
02:11
that would work regardless of the final ground levels.
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koji će funkcionirati neovisno o konačnim temeljima.
02:14
Studying pollen grains
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Proučavajući zrnca peluda
02:16
and radiolaria and carbon molecules
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i radiolarije i molekula ugljika,
02:18
helped us devise the most efficient structural solution
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pomoglo nam je u osmišljavanju najučinkovitijeg strukturalnog rješenja
02:21
using hexagons and pentagons.
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koristeći heksagone i pentagone.
02:24
The next move was that we wanted
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Sljedeći nam je potez bio
02:26
to try and maximize the size of those hexagons.
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maksimizirati veličinu tih heksagona.
02:28
And to do that we had to find an alternative to glass,
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A da bismo to napravili, morali smo pronaći alternativu staklu,
02:30
which is really very limited in terms of its unit sizes.
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što je veoma ograničavajuće u terminima veličine njegove jedinice.
02:33
And in nature there are lots of examples
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A u prirodi postoji mnogo primjera
02:36
of very efficient structures based on pressurized membranes.
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veoma učinkovitih struktura koje se baziraju na membranama pod pritiskom.
02:39
So we started exploring this material called ETFE.
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Stoga smo počeli proučavati taj materijal zvan ETFE.
02:42
It's a high-strength polymer.
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To je polimer visoke čvrtoće.
02:44
And what you do is you put it together in three layers,
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A ono što napravite jest, da ih stavite zajedno u tri sloja,
02:46
you weld it around the edge, and then you inflate it.
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zavarite ih oko rubova i zatim ga napuhnete.
02:49
And the great thing about this stuff
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I odlična stvar u tome
02:51
is you can make it in units
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je da ga možete proizvoditi u veličinama
02:53
of roughly seven times the size of glass,
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od otprilike sedam puta veće od veličine stakla.
02:55
and it was only one percent of the weight of double-glazing.
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I teži samo jedan posto težine dvostrukog stakla.
02:57
So that was a factor-100 saving.
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Dakle, to je faktor uštede od 100 puta.
02:59
And what we found is that we got into a positive cycle
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I ono što smo otkrili jest da smo ušli u pozitivni krug
03:02
in which one breakthrough facilitated another.
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u kojem je prodor na jednom području olakšao prodor na drugom.
03:04
So with such large, lightweight pillows,
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Dakle, sa tako velikim, laganim jastucima,
03:07
we had much less steel.
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imali smo puno manje čelika.
03:09
With less steel we were getting more sunlight in,
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Sa manje čelika, dobivali smo više sunčevog svjetla,
03:11
which meant we didn't have to put as much extra heat in winter.
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što znači da nismo morali toliko grijati po zimi.
03:14
And with less overall weight in the superstructure,
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A sa manje ukupne težine u superstrukturi,
03:16
there were big savings in the foundations.
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ostvarili smo velike uštede u temeljima.
03:18
And at the end of the project we worked out
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A na kraju projekta smo izračunali
03:20
that the weight of that superstructure
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da je težina te superstrukture
03:22
was actually less than the weight of the air inside the building.
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zapravo manja od težine zraka u toj građevini.
03:25
So I think the Eden Project is a fairly good example
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Stoga mislim kako je projekt Eden prilično dobar primjer
03:28
of how ideas from biology
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kako ideje iz biologije
03:30
can lead to radical increases in resource efficiency --
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mogu voditi do radikalnih povečanja u učinkovitosti resursima --
03:33
delivering the same function,
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obavljajući istu funkciju,
03:35
but with a fraction of the resource input.
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ali sa djelićem ulaznih rsursa.
03:37
And actually there are loads of examples in nature
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I zapravo postoje tone primjera u prirodi
03:39
that you could turn to for similar solutions.
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kojima se možete okrenuti za slična rješenja.
03:42
So for instance, you could develop super-efficient roof structures
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Na primjer, mogli biste razviti super učinkovite krovne strukture
03:45
based on giant Amazon water lilies,
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koje se baziraju na Amazonskim lopočima,
03:48
whole buildings inspired by abalone shells,
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cijele zgrade inspirirane školjkama petrovog uha,
03:50
super-lightweight bridges inspired by plant cells.
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super lagane mostove inspirirane biljnim stanicama.
03:53
There's a world of beauty and efficiency to explore here
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Postoji svijet ljepote i učinkovitosti koji možemo istražiti
03:56
using nature as a design tool.
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koristeći prirodu kao oruđe dizajna.
03:59
So now I want to go onto talking about the linear-to-closed-loop idea.
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Sada, dakle, želim prijeći na govor o ideji prijelaza sa linearne na zatvorenu petlju.
04:02
The way we tend to use resources
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Način na koji koristimo resurse
04:04
is we extract them,
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jest da ih izvlačimo,
04:06
we turn them into short-life products and then dispose of them.
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pretvaramo ih u kratkoročne proizvode i zatim ih se rješavamo.
04:08
Nature works very differently.
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Priroda funkcionira veoma drugačije.
04:10
In ecosystems, the waste from one organism
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U ekosustavima, otpad jednog organizma
04:12
becomes the nutrient for something else in that system.
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postaje hranjiva tvar za nešto drugo u tom sustavu.
04:14
And there are some examples of projects
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I postoje neki primjeri projekata
04:16
that have deliberately tried to mimic ecosystems.
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koji su namjerno pokušali oponašati ekosustave.
04:19
And one of my favorites
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A jedan od meni najdražih
04:21
is called the Cardboard to Caviar Project
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je nazvan projekt Karton do kavijara
04:23
by Graham Wiles.
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od Graham-a Wiles-a.
04:25
And in their area they had a lot of shops and restaurants
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U njihovom području bilo je mnogo trgovina i restorana
04:28
that were producing lots of food, cardboard and plastic waste.
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koje su proizvodile mnogo hrane, kartona i plastičnog otpada.
04:31
It was ending up in landfills.
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To je završavalo na odlagalištu.
04:33
Now the really clever bit is what they did with the cardboard waste.
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Sada, uistinu pametan dio je ono što su učinili sa kartonskim otpadom.
04:35
And I'm just going to talk through this animation.
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Pričat ću dok traje ova animacija.
04:38
So they were paid to collect it from the restaurants.
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Dakle, bili su plaćeni da ga sakupe po restoranima.
04:40
They then shredded the cardboard
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Zatim su isjeckali karton
04:42
and sold it to equestrian centers as horse bedding.
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i prodali ga konjičkim centrima kao posteljinu za konje.
04:45
When that was soiled, they were paid again to collect it.
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Kada se to zagnojilo, ponovno su plaćeni da ga sakupe.
04:47
They put it into worm recomposting systems,
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Stavili su ga u sustave rekompostiranja pomoću crva,
04:49
which produced a lot of worms, which they fed to Siberian sturgeon,
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što je proizvelo mnogo crva, kojima su hranili sibirskog jesetra,
04:52
which produced caviar, which they sold back to the restaurants.
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koji je proizveo kavijar, koji su zatim natrag prodali restoranima.
04:55
So it transformed a linear process
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Dakle, transformirao je linearni proces
04:57
into a closed-loop model,
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u model zatvorene petlje,
04:59
and it created more value in the process.
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i stvorio je više vrijednosti u procesu.
05:02
Graham Wiles has continued to add more and more elements to this,
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Graham Wiles je nastavio dodavati sve više i više elemenata tome,
05:04
turning waste streams into schemes that create value.
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pretvarajući potoke otpada u sheme koje stvaraju vrijednost.
05:07
And just as natural systems
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I isto kao i prirodni sustavi
05:09
tend to increase in diversity and resilience over time,
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koji se šire u raznolikosti i otpornosti kroz vrijeme,
05:12
there's a real sense with this project
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tako postoji pravi smisao s ovim projektom
05:14
that the number of possibilities
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jer se broj mogućnosti
05:17
just continue increasing.
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samo nastavlja povećavati.
05:19
And I know it's a quirky example,
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I znam da je zeznut primjer,
05:21
but I think the implications of this are quite radical,
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ali mislim kako su implikacije toga prilično radikalne,
05:23
because it suggests that we could actually
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jer navodi kako bismo zapravo mogli
05:25
transform a big problem -- waste -- into a massive opportunity.
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transformirati veliki problem, otpad, u masovnu priliku.
05:28
And particularly in cities --
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I naročito u gradovima --
05:30
we could look at the whole metabolism of cities,
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mogli bismo promatrati čitave metabolizme gradova,
05:32
and look at those as opportunities.
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i promatrati te prilike.
05:34
And that's what we're doing on the next project I'm going to talk about,
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A to je ono čime se bavimo na slijedećem projektu o kojemu ću pričati,
05:36
the Mobius Project,
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projekt Mobius,
05:38
where we're trying to bring together a number of activities,
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gdje pokušavamo spojiti zajedno određen broj aktivnosti,
05:40
all within one building,
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sve unutar jedne zgrade,
05:42
so that the waste from one can be the nutrient for another.
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tako da otpad jedne zgrade može biti hranjiva tvar za drugu.
05:45
And the kind of elements I'm talking about
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A vrste elemenata o kojima pričam
05:47
are, firstly, we have a restaurant inside a productive greenhouse,
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su, prvo, imamo restoran unutar produktivnog staklenika,
05:50
a bit like this one in Amsterdam called De Kas.
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pomalo nalik onome u Amsterdamu zvanom De Kas.
05:52
Then we would have an anaerobic digester,
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Zatim bismo imali anaerobni probavljivač,
05:54
which could deal with all the biodegradable waste from the local area,
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koji bi brinuo o ukupnom biorazgradivom otpadu sa lokalnog područja,
05:57
turn that into heat for the greenhouse
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pretvorio to u toplinu za staklenik
05:59
and electricity to feed back into the grid.
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i struju kojom bi se zatim napajala električna mreža.
06:01
We'd have a water treatment system
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Imali bismo sustav za pročišćenje vode
06:03
treating wastewater, turning that into fresh water
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koji tretira otpadnu vodu, pretvarajući je u svježu vodu
06:05
and generating energy from the solids
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i generirajući energiju iz krutina
06:07
using just plants and micro-organisms.
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koristeći samo biljke i mikroorganizme.
06:10
We'd have a fish farm fed with vegetable waste from the kitchen
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Imali bismo farmu riba koje bi hranili otpadnim povrćem iz kuhinje
06:12
and worms from the compost
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i crvima iz komposta
06:14
and supplying fish back to the restaurant.
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i ponovno opskrbljujući restorane sa ribom.
06:16
And we'd also have a coffee shop, and the waste grains from that
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Ujedno bi imali i kafić, a zrnca za otpad
06:19
could be used as a substrate for growing mushrooms.
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bi se mogla iskoristiti kao podloga za uzgoj gljiva.
06:21
So you can see that we're bringing together
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Dakle, možete vidjeti kako spajamo
06:23
cycles of food, energy and water and waste
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krugove hrane, energije i vode i otpada
06:25
all within one building.
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sve unutar jedne zgrade.
06:27
And just for fun, we've proposed this for a roundabout in central London,
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I samo za zabavu, prredložili smo ovo za kružni tok u središnjem Londonu,
06:30
which at the moment is a complete eyesore.
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koji je trenutno potpuni trn u oku.
06:32
Some of you may recognize this.
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Neki od Vas će prepoznati ovo.
06:34
And with just a little bit of planning,
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Sa samo malo planiranja,
06:36
we could transform a space dominated by traffic
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mogli bsmo transformirati prostor kojim dominira promet
06:39
into one that provides open space for people,
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u neki koji pruža otvoreni prostor za ljude,
06:42
reconnects people with food
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ponovno spaja ljude sa hranom
06:44
and transforms waste into closed loop opportunities.
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i transformira otpad u prilike zatvorene petlje.
06:47
So the final project I want to talk about
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Dakle, posljednji projekt o kojemu želim pričati
06:49
is the Sahara Forest Project, which we're working on at the moment.
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jest projekt Sahara šuma, na kojemu trenutno radimo.
06:52
It may come as a surprise to some of you
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Neki od Vas će biti iznenađeni
06:54
to hear that quite large areas of what are currently desert
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kada čuju da su prilično velike površine onoga što je trenutno pustinja,
06:56
were actually forested a fairly short time ago.
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bile zapravo pošumljene prije prilično kratkog vremena.
06:59
So for instance, when Julius Caesar arrived in North Africa,
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Na primjer, kada je Julije Cezar stigao u sjevernu Afriku,
07:02
huge areas of North Africa
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velike površine sjeverne Afrike
07:04
were covered in cedar and cypress forests.
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su bile prikrivene šumama cedra i čempresa.
07:07
And during the evolution of life on the Earth,
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I tijekom evolucije života na Zemlji,
07:09
it was the colonization
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kolonizacija
07:11
of the land by plants
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zemlje od strane biljaka
07:13
that helped create the benign climate we currently enjoy.
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je pomogla stvoriti dobroćudnu klimu u kojoj trenutno uživamo.
07:15
The converse is also true.
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Isto vrijedi i u suprotnom smjeru.
07:17
The more vegetation we lose,
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Što više vegetacije gubimo,
07:19
the more that's likely to exacerbate climate change
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to je izvjesnije da ćemo pogoršati klimatske promjene
07:21
and lead to further desertification.
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što će voditi do daljnjeg opustošenja.
07:24
And this animation,
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A ta animacija,
07:26
this shows photosynthetic activity over the course of a number of years,
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ona prikazuje fotosintetičku aktivnost tijekom niza godina.
07:29
and what you can see is that the boundaries of those deserts
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A ono što možete vidjeti su granice tih pustinja,
07:32
shift quite a lot,
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one se poprilično mijenjaju.
07:34
and that raises the question
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A to postavlja pitanje
07:36
of whether we can intervene at the boundary conditions
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možemo li utjecati na uvjete granica
07:39
to halt, or maybe even reverse, desertification.
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da zaustavimo, ili možda čak preokrenemo, opustošenje.
07:42
And if you look at some of the organisms
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I ako promotrite neke od organizama
07:44
that have evolved to live in deserts,
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koji su evoluirali da žive u pustinjama,
07:46
there are some amazing examples of adaptations to water scarcity.
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postoje neki izvanredni primjeri prilagodbe nestašicama vode.
07:49
This is the Namibian fog-basking beetle,
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Ovo je Namibijska buba sakupljač magle,
07:51
and it's evolved a way of harvesting its own fresh water in a desert.
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i evoluirala je na način da prikuplja svoju vlastitu svježu vodu u pustinji.
07:54
The way it does this is it comes out at night,
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Način na koji to radi jest da izlazi van tijekom noći,
07:56
crawls to the top of a sand dune,
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puže na vrh pješćane dine,
07:58
and because it's got a matte black shell,
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i zato jer ima oklop crne mat boje,
08:00
is able to radiate heat out to the night sky
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sposobna je zračiti toplinu van prema noćnom nebu
08:02
and become slightly cooler than its surroundings.
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i postaje malo hladnija nego njezino okruženje.
08:04
So when the moist breeze blows in off the sea,
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Dakle, kada vlažan povjetarac zapuše s mora,
08:06
you get these droplets of water forming on the beetle's shell.
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na oklopu bube se formiraju kapljice vode.
08:09
Just before sunrise, he tips his shell up, the water runs down into his mouth,
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Tik pred izlazak sunca, ona postavi svoj oklop prema gore, voda poteče prema njenim ustima,
08:12
has a good drink, goes off and hides for the rest of the day.
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dobro se napije, ode i sakrije se preko cijelog dana.
08:14
And the ingenuity, if you could call it that,
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A genijalnost, ako to možete tako nazvati,
08:16
goes even further.
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ide čak i dalje.
08:18
Because if you look closely at the beetle's shell,
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Jer ako pobliže promotrite oklop bube,
08:20
there are lots of little bumps on that shell.
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postoji mnogo malih kvržica na tom oklopu.
08:22
And those bumps are hydrophilic; they attract water.
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A te kvržice su hidrofilne: one privlače vodu.
08:25
Between them there's a waxy finish which repels water.
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Između njih postoji voštani završetak, koji odbija vodu.
08:28
And the effect of this is that
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A učinak toga je,
08:30
as the droplets start to form on the bumps,
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kako se kapljice počinju formirati na kvržicama,
08:32
they stay in tight, spherical beads,
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one ostaju u uskim, sferičnim zrncima,
08:34
which means they're much more mobile
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što znači da su puno mobilnije
08:36
than they would be if it was just a film of water over the whole beetle's shell.
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nego bi to bile kada bi na cijelom oklopu bube bila tanka prevlaka vode.
08:39
So even when there's only a small amount of moisture in the air,
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Dakle, kada postoji čak i mala količina vlage u zraku,
08:42
it's able to harvest that very effectively and channel it down to its mouth.
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još uvijek je sposobna vrlo učinkovito prikupljati i usmjeriti vodu prema svojim ustima.
08:45
So amazing example of an adaptation
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Dakle, izvanredan primjer prilagodbe
08:47
to a very resource-constrained environment --
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okruženju koje je veoma ograničeno resursima --
08:49
and in that sense, very relevant
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i u tom smislu, veoma važno
08:51
to the kind of challenges we're going to be facing
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za vrste izazova s kojima ćemo se suočavati
08:53
over the next few years, next few decades.
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tijekom idućih nekoliko godina, idućih nekoliko desetljeća.
08:55
We're working with the guy who invented the Seawater Greenhouse.
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Radimo sa čovjekom koji je izumio staklenik morske vode.
08:57
This is a greenhouse designed for arid coastal regions,
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Ovo je staklenik dizajniran za suha obalna područja,
09:00
and the way it works is that you have this whole wall of evaporator grills,
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a način na koji radi jest da imate cijeli taj zid od rešetki isparivača,
09:04
and you trickle seawater over that
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i kapate morsku vodu preko toga
09:06
so that wind blows through, it picks up a lot of moisture
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tako da vjetar puše kroz to, i kupi mnogo vlage
09:08
and is cooled in the process.
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i u tom procesu se hladi.
09:10
So inside it's cool and humid,
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Dakle, iznutra je svježe i vlažno,
09:12
which means the plants need less water to grow.
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što znači da biljke trebaju manje vode za uzgoj.
09:14
And then at the back of the greenhouse,
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I zatim, u stražnjem dijelu tog staklenika,
09:16
it condenses a lot of that humidity as freshwater
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velike količine te vlage se kondenziraju kao svježa voda
09:19
in a process that is effectively identical to the beetle.
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u procesu koji je po učinku identičan onome u bube.
09:22
And what they found with the first Seawater Greenhouse that was built
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Ono što su otkrili kod prvog staklenika morske vode koji je bio izgrađen
09:25
was it was producing slightly more freshwater
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jest da je proizvodio malo više svježe vode
09:27
than it needed for the plants inside.
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nego što je to bilo potrebno biljkama unutra.
09:30
So they just started spreading this on the land around,
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Stoga su to počeli nanositi na zemlju okolo.
09:33
and the combination of that and the elevated humidity
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Kombinacija toga i povišene vlažnosti
09:35
had quite a dramatic effect on the local area.
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je imala prilično dramatičan učinak na lokalno područje.
09:38
This photograph was taken on completion day,
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Ova fotografija je snimljena na završni dan,
09:40
and just one year later, it looked like that.
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i samo godinu dana kasnije, izgledalo je ovako.
09:42
So it was like a green inkblot spreading out from the building
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Dakle, bilo je poput mrlje zelene tinte koje se širila izvan zgrade
09:45
turning barren land back into biologically productive land --
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pretvarajući neplodnu zemlju ponovno u biološki plodnu zemlju --
09:48
and in that sense, going beyond sustainable design
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i u tom pogledu, išli su iznad održivog dizajna
09:50
to achieve restorative design.
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kako bi dostigli restorativni dizajn.
09:52
So we were keen to scale this up
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Bili smo željni to povećati
09:54
and apply biomimicry ideas to maximize the benefits.
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i primjeniti ideje biomimikrije kako bismo maksimizirali pogodnosti.
09:57
And when you think about nature,
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A kada pomislite o prirodi,
09:59
often you think about it as being all about competition.
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često mislite kako se cijela priča vrti oko završetka.
10:01
But actually in mature ecosystems,
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Ali zapravo u zrelim ekosustavima,
10:03
you're just as likely to find examples
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imate iste izglede pronaći primjere
10:05
of symbiotic relationships.
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simbiotičkih veza.
10:07
So an important biomimicry principle
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Dakle, važno načelo biomimikrije
10:09
is to find ways of bringing technologies together
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je pronaći načine spajanja tehnologija
10:11
in symbiotic clusters.
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u simbiotičke klastere.
10:13
And the technology that we settled on
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A tehnologija koju smo odabrali
10:15
as an ideal partner for the Seawater Greenhouse
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kao idealan partner za staklenik morske vode
10:17
is concentrated solar power,
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je koncentrirana solarna energija,
10:19
which uses solar-tracking mirrors to focus the sun's heat
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koja koristi zrcala koja prate sunce kako bi usmjeravala toplinu sunca
10:21
to create electricity.
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za stvaranje energije.
10:23
And just to give you some sense of the potential of CSP,
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I samo da Vam da neki uvid u potencijal koncentrirane solarne energije,
10:26
consider that we receive
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uzmite u obzir da mi primimo
10:28
10,000 times as much energy from the sun every year
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10.000 puta više energije od sunca svake godine
10:31
as we use in energy from all forms --
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nego što koristimo energiju u svim oblicima --
10:33
10,000 times.
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10.000 puta.
10:35
So our energy problems are not intractable.
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Stoga naši energetski problemi nisu tvrdoglavi.
10:37
It's a challenge to our ingenuity.
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Oni su izazov našoj genijalnosti.
10:39
And the kind of synergies I'm talking about
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A vrste sinergije o kojima ja pričam
10:41
are, firstly, both these technologies work very well in hot, sunny deserts.
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su, prvo, obje tehnologije funkcioniraju jako dobro u vrućim, sunčanim pustinjama.
10:45
CSP needs a supply of demineralized freshwater.
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Koncentrirana solarna energija treba dobavu demineralizirane svježe vode.
10:48
That's exactly what the Seawater Greenhouse produces.
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To je upravo ono što staklenik morske vode proizvodi.
10:50
CSP produces a lot of waste heat.
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Koncentrirana solarna energija proizvodi mnogo nepotrebne topline.
10:52
We'll be able to make use of all that to evaporate more seawater
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Moći ćemo sve to upotrijebiti kako bismo isparili više morske vode
10:55
and enhance the restorative benefits.
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i unaprijedili restorativne pogodnosti.
10:57
And finally, in the shade under the mirrors,
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I konačno, u sjeni ispod ogledala,
10:59
it's possible to grow all sorts of crops
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moguće je uzgajati sve vrste usjeva
11:01
that would not grow in direct sunlight.
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koje ne bi rasle na izravnom sunčevom svjetlu.
11:03
So this is how this scheme would look.
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Dakle, tako bi ta shema izgledala.
11:05
The idea is we create this long hedge of greenhouses facing the wind.
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Ideja je da kreiramo tu dugu ogradu staklenika usmjerenih prema vjetru.
11:08
We'd have concentrated solar power plants
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Imali bismo elektrane za koncentriranu solarnu energiju
11:10
at intervals along the way.
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na intervalnim točkama uzduž.
11:12
Some of you might be wondering what we would do with all the salts.
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Neki od Vas se možda pitaju što ćemo učiniti sa svim tim solima.
11:15
And with biomimicry, if you've got an underutilized resource,
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A kod biomimikrije, ako imate nedovoljno iskorišten resurs,
11:18
you don't think, "How am I going to dispose of this?"
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ne mislite, "Kako ću se riješiti ovoga?"
11:20
You think, "What can I add to the system to create more value?"
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Mislite, "Što mogu dodati sustavu kako bi stvarao više vrijednosti?"
11:23
And it turns out
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I ispostavlja se
11:25
that different things crystallize out at different stages.
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da se različite stvari kristaliziraju u različitim stadijima.
11:27
When you evaporate seawater, the first thing to crystallize out
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Kada isparujete morsku vodu, prva stvar koja se iskristalizira
11:29
is calcium carbonate.
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je kalcij karbonat.
11:31
And that builds up on the evaporators --
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A to se nadovezuje na isparivače --
11:33
and that's what that image on the left is --
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a to je tema ove lijeve slike --
11:35
gradually getting encrusted with the calcium carbonate.
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postupno postaje optočena sa kalcij karbonatom.
11:37
So after a while, we could take that out,
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Stoga bismo nakon nekog vremena, mogli to uzeti van,
11:39
use it as a lightweight building block.
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i koristiti kao lagani gradbeni blok.
11:41
And if you think about the carbon in that,
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I ako razmišljate o ugljiku u tome,
11:43
that would have come out of the atmosphere, into the sea
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on bi uzeo ugljik iz atmosfere i vratio ga u more
11:45
and then locked away in a building product.
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i zatvorio ga u građevinski proizvod.
11:47
The next thing is sodium chloride.
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Iduća stvar je natrijev klorid.
11:49
You can also compress that into a building block,
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Isto tako ga možete sabiti u gradbeni blok,
11:51
as they did here.
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kao što su to napravili ovdje.
11:53
This is a hotel in Bolivia.
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Ovo je hotel u Boliviji.
11:55
And then after that, there are all sorts
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A nakon toga, postoje različite vrste
11:57
of compounds and elements that we can extract,
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smjesa i elemenata koje možemo izvaditi,
11:59
like phosphates, that we need to get back into the desert soils to fertilize them.
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poput fosfata, koje moramo staviti natrag u pustinjska tla kako bi ih oplodili.
12:02
And there's just about every element of the periodic table
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I svaki element periodične tablice postoji
12:04
in seawater.
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u morskoj vodi.
12:06
So it should be possible to extract valuable elements
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Dakle, trebalo bi biti moguće izvaditi vrijedne elemente
12:08
like lithium for high-performance batteries.
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poput litija za baterije visoke izdržljivosti.
12:12
And in parts of the Arabian Gulf,
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A u dijelovima Arapskog zaljeva,
12:15
the seawater, the salinity is increasing steadily
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morska voda, slanoća stalno raste
12:18
due to the discharge of waste brine
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zbog ispuštanja otpadne slane vode
12:20
from desalination plants.
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iz desalinacijskih tvornica.
12:22
And it's pushing the ecosystem close to collapse.
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I gura ekosustav blizu ruba propasti.
12:25
Now we would be able to make use of all that waste brine.
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Mi bismo mogli iskoristiti svu tu otpadnu slanu vodu.
12:27
We could evaporate it
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Mogli bismo je ispariti
12:29
to enhance the restorative benefits
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kako bismo unaprijedili restorativne pogodnosti
12:31
and capture the salts,
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i uhvatili soli,
12:33
transforming an urgent waste problem into a big opportunity.
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pretvarajući hitan problem otpada u veliku priliku.
12:36
Really the Sahara Forest Project is a model
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Doista, projekt Sahara šume je model
12:38
for how we could create zero-carbon food,
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kako bismo mogli proizvesti hranu bez ugljika,
12:41
abundant renewable energy in some of the most water-stressed parts of the planet
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obilnu obnovljivu energiju u nekim od najugroženijih dijelova planeta po pitanju vode
12:44
as well as reversing desertification in certain areas.
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kao i preokretanje opustošenja u određenim područjima.
12:48
So returning to those big challenges that I mentioned at the beginning:
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Dakle, vraćajući se na velike izazove koje sam spomenuo na početku:
12:51
radical increases in resource efficiency,
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radikalna povećanja u učinkovitosti resursima,
12:53
closing loops and a solar economy.
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zatvarajući petlje i solarnu ekonomiju.
12:55
They're not just possible; they're critical.
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One nisu samo moguće, one su kritične.
12:58
And I firmly believe that studying the way nature solves problems
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I čvrsto vjerujem kako proučavajući način na koji priroda rješava probleme
13:01
will provide a lot of the solutions.
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će pružiti mnogo rješenja.
13:04
But perhaps more than anything, what this thinking provides
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Ali možda više od svega, ono što takvo razmišljanje pruža
13:07
is a really positive way of talking about sustainable design.
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je uistinu pozitivan način pričanja o održivom dizajnu.
13:09
Far too much of the talk about the environment
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Previše govora o okolišu
13:11
uses very negative language.
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koristi veoma negativan jezik.
13:13
But here it's about synergies and abundance and optimizing.
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Ali ovdje se radi o sinergijama, obilnosti i optimizaciji.
13:16
And this is an important point.
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I to je ključna točka.
13:18
Antoine de Saint-Exupery once said,
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Atoine de Saint-Exupery je jednom rekao,
13:20
"If you want to build a flotilla of ships,
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"Ako želite graditi flotu brodova,
13:22
you don't sit around talking about carpentry.
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nemojte samo sjediti i pričati o stolariji.
13:24
No, you need to set people's souls ablaze
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Ne, morate zapaliti ljudske duše
13:27
with visions of exploring distant shores."
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sa vizijama istraživanja udaljenih obala."
13:29
And that's what we need to do, so let's be positive,
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I to je ono što trebamo raditi, stoga budimo pozitivni,
13:32
and let's make progress with what could be
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i učinimo napredak sa onim što bi mogao biti
13:34
the most exciting period of innovation we've ever seen.
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najuzbudljiviji period inovacija koje smo ikada vidjeli.
13:36
Thank you.
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Hvala Vam.
13:38
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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