Nalini Nadkarni: Life science in prison

26,321 views ・ 2010-07-09

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Elizabeta Petrovic Lektor: Ana Zivanovic-Nenadovic
00:16
Trees epitomize stasis.
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Drveće predstavlja statičnost.
00:19
Trees are rooted in the ground in one place
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Drveće je ukorenjeno u zemlji na jednom mestu
00:21
for many human generations,
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tokom mnogih ljudskih generacija.
00:24
but if we shift our perspective
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Ali ako prebacimo svoju perspektivu
00:26
from the trunk to the twigs,
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sa debla na grančice,
00:28
trees become very dynamic entities,
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drveća postanu vrlo dinamični entiteti,
00:30
moving and growing.
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koji se miču i rastu.
00:32
And I decided to explore this movement
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I odlučila sam da istražim taj pokret
00:34
by turning trees into artists.
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pretvarajući drveća u umetnike.
00:36
I simply tied the end of a paintbrush onto a twig.
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Jednostavno sam svezala kraj slikarskog kista za grančicu.
00:39
I waited for the wind to come up and held up a canvas,
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Čekala sam da se vetar pojavi i držala sam platno.
00:42
and that produced art.
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I to je proizvelo umetnost.
00:44
The piece of art you see on your left
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Delo koje vidite sa vaše leve strane
00:46
is painted by a western red cedar
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je naslikao zapadnjački crveni kedar,
00:48
and that on your right by a Douglas fir,
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a ovaj sa vaše desne daglasova jela.
00:50
and what I learned was that different species
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Ono što sam naučila je kako različite vrste
00:52
have different signatures, like a Picasso versus a Monet.
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imaju različite potpise, poput Pikasa nasuprot Moneu.
00:55
But I was also interested in the movement of trees
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Ali, isto tako sam bila zainteresovana za kretanje drveća
00:57
and how this art might let me capture that and quantify it,
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te način na koji bi mi umetnost dozvolila da to zabeležim i predstavim brojem.
01:01
so to measure the distance that a single vine maple tree --
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Kako bih izmerila udaljenost koju je ova jedinka vinskog javorovog drveta --
01:04
which produced this painting -- moved in a single year,
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koje je izradilo ovu sliku -- prešla u jednoj godini,
01:07
I simply measured and summed
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jednostavno sam izmerila i sabrala
01:09
each of those lines.
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svaku od ovih linija.
01:11
I multiplied them by the number of twigs per branch
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Pomnožila sam ih sa brojem grančica na grani,
01:14
and the number of branches per tree
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a onda sa brojem grana po drvetu
01:16
and then divided that by the number of minutes per year.
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i zatim podelila to sa brojem minuta u godini.
01:19
And so I was able to calculate
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I tako sam mogla izračunati
01:21
how far a single tree moved in a single year.
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koliko se jedno drvo pomaklo tokom jedne godine.
01:24
You might have a guess.
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Mogli biste pogađati.
01:26
The answer is actually 186,540 miles,
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Odgovor je, zapravo, 300,207 kilometara,
01:29
or seven times around the globe.
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ili sedam puta oko zemljine kugle.
01:32
And so simply by shifting our perspective from a single trunk
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I jednostavno menjajući našu perspektivu sa jednog debla
01:35
to the many dynamic twigs,
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na mnoge dinamične grančice,
01:37
we are able to see that trees are not simply static entities,
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možemo videti kako drveće nije samo statično,
01:40
but rather extremely dynamic.
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već krajnje dinamično biće.
01:43
And I began to think about ways that
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I počela sam da razmišljam o načinima na koje
01:45
we might consider this lesson of trees,
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bismo mogli uzeti u obzir tu lekciju o drveću,
01:47
to consider other entities that are also static and stuck,
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uzeti u obzir druge entitete koji su, jednako tako, statični i zaglavljeni,
01:50
but which cry for change and dynamicism,
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a koji vape za promenom i dinamičnošću.
01:53
and one of those entities is our prisons.
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Jedan od tih entiteta su naši zatvori.
01:56
Prisons, of course, are where people who break our laws
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Zatvori su, naravno, mesta gde se nalaze ljudi koji krše naše zakone
01:58
are stuck, confined behind bars.
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zatočeni, zatvoreni iza rešetaka.
02:01
And our prison system itself is stuck.
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I naš zatvorski sistem je u nevolji.
02:04
The United States has over 2.3 million
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Sjedinjene Države imaju preko 2,3 miliona
02:06
incarcerated men and women.
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zatvorenih muškaraca i žena.
02:08
That number is rising.
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Taj broj raste.
02:10
Of the 100 incarcerated people that are released,
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Od sto zatvorenih ljudi koji su pušteni na slobodu,
02:13
60 will return to prison.
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60 će se vratiti u zatvor.
02:15
Funds for education, for training
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Sredstva za obrazovanje, za trening
02:17
and for rehabilitation are declining,
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i za rehabilitaciju se smanjuju.
02:19
so this despairing cycle of incarceration continues.
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Taj očajnički krug zatvaranja se nastavlja.
02:23
I decided to ask whether the lesson
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Odlučila sam da se zapitam može li lekcija
02:25
I had learned from trees as artists
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koju sam naučila od drveća kao umetnica
02:27
could be applied to a static institution
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biti primenjena na statičnu instituciju
02:29
such as our prisons,
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poput naših zatvora.
02:31
and I think the answer is yes.
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I mislim da je odgovor da.
02:33
In the year 2007,
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2007. godine,
02:35
I started a partnership
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započela sam partnerstvo
02:37
with the Washington State Department of Corrections.
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ss državnim Popravnim odsekom države Vašington,
02:40
Working with four prisons, we began bringing science and scientists,
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i radeći sa četiri zatvora, počeli smo da unosimo nauku i naučnike,
02:43
sustainability and conservation projects
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održivost i projekte očuvanja
02:46
to four state prisons.
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u četiri državna zatvora.
02:48
We give science lectures,
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Držimo naučna predavanja.
02:50
and the men here are choosing to come to our science lectures
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I ljudi se odlučuju za dolazak na naša naučna predavanja
02:52
instead of watching television or weightlifting.
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umesto gledanja televizije ili dizanja tegova.
02:56
That, I think, is movement.
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To je, ja mislim, pokret.
02:58
We partnered with the Nature Conservancy
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Ušli smo u partnerstvo sa nevladinom organizacijom sa očuvanje "Nečr Koservansi"
03:00
for inmates at Stafford Creek Correctional Center
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za zatvorenike u popravnom centru "Staford Krik"
03:03
to grow endangered prairie plants
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kako bismo im omogućili da uzgajaju ugrožene prerijske biljke
03:05
for restoration of relic prairie areas in Washington state.
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zarad obnavljanja ostatka prerijskih područja u državi Wašington.
03:08
That, I think, is movement.
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To je, ja mislim, pokret.
03:10
We worked with the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife
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Radili smo sa vašingtonskim državnim Odsekom za ribe i divlje životinje
03:13
to grow endangered frogs -- the Oregon spotted frog --
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kako bismo uzgajali ugrožene žabe, oregonsku tačkastu žabu,
03:15
for later release into protected wetlands.
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da bismo je kasnije pustili u zaštićena močvarna područja.
03:18
That, I think, is movement.
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To je, ja mislim, pokret.
03:21
And just recently, we've begun to work with
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I nedavno smo počeli da radimo sa
03:23
those men who are segregated
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tim ljudima koji su odvojeni
03:25
in what we call Supermax facilities.
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u onome što nazivamo "Supermaks" postrojenjima.
03:27
They've incurred violent infractions
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Oni su počinili nasilne prekršaje
03:29
by becoming violent with guards
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tako što su bili nasilni prema stražarima
03:31
and with other prisoners.
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i prema ostalim zatvorenicima.
03:33
They're kept in bare cells like this
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Ostaju u golim ćelijama poput ove
03:35
for 23 hours a day.
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23 sata dnevno.
03:37
When they have meetings with their review boards or mental health professionals,
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Kada imaju sastanke sa svojim odborima za reviziju ili sa stručnjacima za mentalno zdravlje,
03:40
they're placed in immobile booths like this.
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stavljeni su u nepokretne kabine poput ove.
03:43
For one hour a day
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Jedan sat dnevno
03:45
they're brought to these bleak and bland exercise yards.
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provedu na ovim groznim i bledim terenima za vežbanje.
03:48
Although we can't bring trees and prairie plants
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I, iako ne možemo doneti drveće i prerijske biljke
03:50
and frogs into these environments,
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i žabe u ovaj okoliš,
03:52
we are bringing images of nature
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mi donosimo slike prirode
03:54
into these exercise yards,
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na ove terene za vežbanje,
03:56
putting them on the walls, so at least they get contact
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stavljajući ih na zidove, kako bi bar mogli imati kontakt
03:58
with visual images of nature.
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sa vizualnim slikama prirode.
04:01
This is Mr. Lopez, who has been in solitary confinement for 18 months,
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Ovo je gospodin Lopez, koji je proveo 18 meseci u samici.
04:04
and he's providing input on the types of images
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I daje nam njegovo viđwenje o vrsti slika
04:07
that he believes would make him and his fellow inmates
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za koje veruje da će njega i njegove kolege zatvorenike učiniti
04:09
more serene, more calm,
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spokojnijima, mirnijima,
04:12
less apt to violence.
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manje sklonima nasilju.
04:15
And so what we see, I think,
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I ono što vidimo, mislim,
04:17
is that small, collective movements of change
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su mali, zajednički pokreti promene koji
04:20
can perhaps move
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možda mogu pokrenuti
04:22
an entity such as our own prison system
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entitet poput našeg zatvorskog sistema
04:25
in a direction of hope.
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u smeru nade.
04:27
We know that trees are static entities
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Znamo da je drveće statično
04:30
when we look at their trunks.
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kada posmatramo njegova debla.
04:32
But if trees can create art,
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Ali ako drveće može stvoriti umetnost,
04:34
if they can encircle the globe seven times in one year,
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ako mogu okružiti zemljinu kuglu sedam puta u jednoj godini,
04:37
if prisoners can grow plants and raise frogs,
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ako zatvorenici mogu uzgajati biljke i žabe,
04:40
then perhaps there are other static entities
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onda možda postoje i drugi statični entiteti
04:43
that we hold inside ourselves,
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koje zadržavamo u sebi,
04:46
like grief, like addictions,
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poput žalosti, poput zavisnosti,
04:48
like racism,
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poput rasizma,
04:50
that can also change.
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koji se isto mogu promeniti.
04:52
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam puno.
04:54
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
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