Peter van Manen: How can Formula 1 racing help ... babies?

81,035 views ・ 2013-08-01

TED


Ju lutemi, klikoni dy herë mbi titrat në anglisht më poshtë për të luajtur videon.

Translator: Alisa Xholi Reviewer: Iris Xholi
00:12
Motor racing is a funny old business.
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Garat me makina jane nje biznes i vjeter dhe i kendshem.
00:14
We make a new car every year,
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Ne krijojme nje makine te re cdo vit,
00:16
and then we spend the rest of the season
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dhe pastaj e kalojme pjesen tjeter te sezonit
00:19
trying to understand what it is we've built
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duke u perpjekur te kuptojme se c'kemi ndertuar
00:21
to make it better, to make it faster.
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per ta bere me te mire, per ta bere me te shpejte.
00:25
And then the next year, we start again.
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Dhe pastaj vitin tjeter, rifillojme perseri.
00:28
Now, the car you see in front of you is quite complicated.
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Kjo makine qe shikoni eshte disi e komplikuar.
00:32
The chassis is made up of about 11,000 components,
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Shasia eshte krijuar me rreth 11.000 komponenente,
00:36
the engine another 6,000,
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motorri me 6.000 te tjera,
00:38
the electronics about eight and a half thousand.
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pjesa elektronike me rreth tete mije e 500.
00:41
So there's about 25,000 things there that can go wrong.
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Pra, ka rreth 25.000 gjera aty qe mund te shkojne keq.
00:46
So motor racing is very much about attention to detail.
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Pra garat me makina jane pak a shume kujdesi ndaj detajeve.
00:51
The other thing about Formula 1 in particular
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Pjesa tjeter e Formula 1 ne vecanti
00:54
is we're always changing the car.
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eshte se perhere e ndryshojme makinen.
00:56
We're always trying to make it faster.
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Perhere perpiqemi ta bejme me te shpejte.
00:58
So every two weeks, we will be making
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Pra cdo dy jave, ne do jemi duke krijuar
01:01
about 5,000 new components to fit to the car.
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rreth 5.000 komponente te rinj qe ti pershtaten makines.
01:05
Five to 10 percent of the race car
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Pese ne 10 perqind te makines garuese
01:08
will be different every two weeks of the year.
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do jete ndryshe cdo dy jave te vitit.
01:11
So how do we do that?
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Pra si e bejme kete?
01:14
Well, we start our life with the racing car.
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Ne e fillojme jeten tone me makinen garuese.
01:17
We have a lot of sensors on the car to measure things.
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Kemi shume sensore ne makine per te matur gjerat.
01:21
On the race car in front of you here
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Ne kete makine garuese para jush
01:23
there are about 120 sensors when it goes into a race.
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ka rreth 120 sensor kur ajo shkon per nje gare.
01:26
It's measuring all sorts of things around the car.
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Masin gjithcka rreth makines.
01:30
That data is logged. We're logging about
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Te dhenat jane te regjistruara. Regjistrojme rreth
01:32
500 different parameters within the data systems,
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500 parametra te ndryshme ne sistemin e te dhenave,
01:36
about 13,000 health parameters and events
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rreth 13.000 parametra shendetesore dhe ngjarje
01:39
to say when things are not working the way they should do,
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per te treguar kur gjerat nuk shkojne ashtu sic duhet,
01:44
and we're sending that data back to the garage
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dhe i dergojme te dhenat pas ne garazh
01:47
using telemetry at a rate of two to four megabits per second.
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duke perdorur telemetrine ne shkallen dy deri kater megabit per sekond.
01:52
So during a two-hour race, each car will be sending
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Pra cdo gare dy oreshe, cdo makine do dergoje
01:55
750 million numbers.
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750 milion numra.
01:57
That's twice as many numbers as words that each of us
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Kjo eshte dyfishi i numrave te fjaleve qe secili nga ne perdor
02:00
speaks in a lifetime.
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per te folur gjate gjithe jetes se tij.
02:02
It's a huge amount of data.
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Eshte nje sasi e madhe te dhenash.
02:05
But it's not enough just to have data and measure it.
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Por te pasurit vec te dhena dhe matje nuk mjafton.
02:07
You need to be able to do something with it.
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Duhet te jesh i afte te besh dicka me te.
02:09
So we've spent a lot of time and effort
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Pra kemi shpenzuar shume kohe dhe mund
02:12
in turning the data into stories
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per ti kthyer te dhenat ne histori
02:14
to be able to tell, what's the state of the engine,
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per te qene te afte te tregojme se cila eshte situata e motorit,
02:17
how are the tires degrading,
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si po degradojne gomat,
02:19
what's the situation with fuel consumption?
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cila eshte situata me konsumin e karburantit?
02:23
So all of this is taking data
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Keto jane te dhena te marra
02:26
and turning it into knowledge that we can act upon.
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dhe te kthyera ne njohuri per te vepruar me pas.
02:29
Okay, so let's have a look at a little bit of data.
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Ne rregull, le ti hedhim nje sy disa te dhenave.
02:32
Let's pick a bit of data from
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Le te marim disa te dhena nga
02:34
another three-month-old patient.
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nje pacient tre-muajsh.
02:37
This is a child, and what you're seeing here is real data,
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Ky eshte nje femije, dhe ajo cka shikoni ketu jane te dhena te verteta,
02:41
and on the far right-hand side,
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dhe ne fundin e anes se krahut te djathte,
02:43
where everything starts getting a little bit catastrophic,
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aty ku gjithcka fillon te behet disi katastrofike,
02:46
that is the patient going into cardiac arrest.
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e cila eshte qe ky pacient eshte nen arrest kardiak.
02:49
It was deemed to be an unpredictable event.
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Mendohet se ishte nje ngjarje e paparishikueshme.
02:53
This was a heart attack that no one could see coming.
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Ky ishte nje infarkt i zemres ku asnje nuk e priti.
02:56
But when we look at the information there,
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Por kur shohim informacionin ketu,
02:59
we can see that things are starting to become
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mund te shohim se gjerat po fillojne te behen
03:01
a little fuzzy about five minutes or so before the cardiac arrest.
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disi te turbulla per rreth pese minuta para arrestit kardiak.
03:05
We can see small changes
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Mund te shohim ndryshime te vogla
03:07
in things like the heart rate moving.
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ne gjera si levizja e rrahjes se zemres.
03:10
These were all undetected by normal thresholds
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Keto ishin te padallueshme nga pragjet normale
03:12
which would be applied to data.
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te cilat mund te aplikoheshin ne te dhena.
03:15
So the question is, why couldn't we see it?
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Pra pyetja eshte, pse nuk mund ta shikonim?
03:18
Was this a predictable event?
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Ishte kjo nje ngjarje e parashikueshme?
03:20
Can we look more at the patterns in the data
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Mund te shohim me shume ne strukturen e te dhenave
03:23
to be able to do things better?
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per te mundur ti bejme gjerat me mire?
03:27
So this is a child,
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Pra ky eshte nje femije,
03:29
about the same age as the racing car on stage,
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ne te njejten moshe sa nje makine garuese ne skene
03:33
three months old.
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tre muajsh.
03:34
It's a patient with a heart problem.
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Eshte nje pacient me nje problem kardiak.
03:37
Now, when you look at some of the data on the screen above,
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Nese mund te shikoni disa te dhena ne monitorin e mesiperm,
03:40
things like heart rate, pulse, oxygen, respiration rates,
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gjera si ritmi kardiak, pulsi, oksigjeni, ritmi i frymemarrjes,
03:45
they're all unusual for a normal child,
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jane te gjitha te pazakonte per nje femije normal,
03:48
but they're quite normal for the child there,
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por jane shume normale per kete femije ketu,
03:51
and so one of the challenges you have in health care is,
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dhe nje nga sfidat qe keni ne kujdesin ndaj shendetit eshte,
03:55
how can I look at the patient in front of me,
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si mund ta shoh pacientin para meje,
03:58
have something which is specific for her,
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te kete dicka qe eshte specifike per ate,
04:01
and be able to detect when things start to change,
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dhe te mundem te zbuloj kur gjerat fillojne te ndryshojne,
04:04
when things start to deteriorate?
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kur gjerat fillojne te perkeqesohen?
04:06
Because like a racing car, any patient,
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Sepse ashtu si nje makine garuese, cdo pacient,
04:09
when things start to go bad, you have a short time
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kur gjerat fillojne te shkojne keq, ke nje kohe te shkurter
04:12
to make a difference.
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per te bere ndryshimin.
04:14
So what we did is we took a data system
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Pra ajo cka beme ishte, morem nje sistem te dhenash
04:17
which we run every two weeks of the year in Formula 1
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te cilen e perdorim cdo dy jave te vitit ne Formula 1
04:20
and we installed it on the hospital computers
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dhe e instaluam ne kompjuterat e spitalit
04:23
at Birmingham Children's Hospital.
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ne Spitalin e Femijeve te Birmingham.
04:25
We streamed data from the bedside instruments
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I morem te dhenat nga aparatet ne ane te krevatit
04:27
in their pediatric intensive care
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ne pavionin e kujdesit intensiv pediatrik
04:30
so that we could both look at the data in real time
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ne menyre qe te shikonim te dhenat ne kohe reale
04:33
and, more importantly, to store the data
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dhe, me e rendesishmja, te ruanim te dhenat
04:36
so that we could start to learn from it.
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ne menyre qe te fillonim te mesonim nga ato.
04:39
And then, we applied an application on top
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Me pas, aplikuam nje aplikacion mbi to
04:44
which would allow us to tease out the patterns in the data
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i cili do na lejonte te nxirrnim strukturat ne te dhenat
04:47
in real time so we could see what was happening,
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ne kohe reale ne menyre qe te shikonim cka po ndodhte,
04:50
so we could determine when things started to change.
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qe te percaktonim nisjen e ndryshimit te gjerave.
04:54
Now, in motor racing, we're all a little bit ambitious,
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Ne garat me makina, ne jemi disi ambicioz,
04:58
audacious, a little bit arrogant sometimes,
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guximtar, pak arrogant disa here,
05:00
so we decided we would also look at the children
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dhe keshtu vendosem qe te shikonim dhe tek femijet
05:04
as they were being transported to intensive care.
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ndersa po transportoheshin ne kujdesin intesiv.
05:06
Why should we wait until they arrived in the hospital
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Pse te prisnim deri sa ata te mberrinin ne spital
05:09
before we started to look?
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para se te fillonim shikimin?
05:11
And so we installed a real-time link
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Dhe per kete instaluam nje lidhje ne kohe reale
05:14
between the ambulance and the hospital,
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mes ambulances dhe spitalit,
05:16
just using normal 3G telephony to send that data
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duke perdorur thjesht telefoni 3G per te derguar te dhenat
05:20
so that the ambulance became an extra bed
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ne menyre qe ambulanca te behej nje krevat shtese
05:23
in intensive care.
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ne kujdesin intesiv.
05:26
And then we started looking at the data.
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Dhe me pas filluam te shikonim te dhenat.
05:30
So the wiggly lines at the top, all the colors,
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Linjat e dredhuar ketu lart, te gjitha ngjyrat,
05:32
this is the normal sort of data you would see on a monitor --
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keto jane tipi i te dhenave normale qe do shikonin ne nje monitor--
05:36
heart rate, pulse, oxygen within the blood,
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ritmi kardiak, pulsi, oksigjen ne gjak
05:39
and respiration.
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dhe frymemarrja.
05:42
The lines on the bottom, the blue and the red,
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Linjat ne fund, blu-ja dhe e kuq-ja,
05:45
these are the interesting ones.
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jane ato interesantet.
05:46
The red line is showing an automated version
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Linja e kuqe tregon nje version automatizes
05:49
of the early warning score
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te pikave fillestare paralajmeruese
05:51
that Birmingham Children's Hospital were already running.
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te cilat Spitali i Femijeve Birmingham po perdorte fillimisht.
Po e perdornin qe prej 2008,
05:54
They'd been running that since 2008,
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05:56
and already have stopped cardiac arrests
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dhe kishin ndaluar arreste kardiake
05:58
and distress within the hospital.
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dhe shqetesime brenda spitalit.
06:01
The blue line is an indication
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Linja blu eshte nje tregues
06:03
of when patterns start to change,
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se kur struktura fillon te ndryshoje
06:06
and immediately, before we even started
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dhe menjehere, para se ne te fillonim
06:08
putting in clinical interpretation,
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duke i vendosur ne interpretim klinik,
06:10
we can see that the data is speaking to us.
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mund te shohim se te dhenat po flasin me ne.
06:13
It's telling us that something is going wrong.
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Na tregojne se dicka po shkon gabim.
06:16
The plot with the red and the green blobs,
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Subjekti me pikat e kuqe dhe jeshile,
06:20
this is plotting different components
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kjo tregon komponente te ndryshem
06:23
of the data against each other.
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nga te dhenat kundrejt njera tjetres.
06:25
The green is us learning what is normal for that child.
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Jeshilja jemi ne duke mesuar cka eshte normale per ate femije.
06:29
We call it the cloud of normality.
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Ne e quajme reja e normalitetit.
06:32
And when things start to change,
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Dhe kur gjerat fillojne te ndryshojne,
06:34
when conditions start to deteriorate,
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kur kushtet fillojne te perkeqesohen,
06:37
we move into the red line.
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ne kalojme ne linjen e kuqe.
06:39
There's no rocket science here.
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Nuk ka shkence raketash ketu.
06:41
It is displaying data that exists already in a different way,
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Tregon te dhena qe ekzistojne ne nje menyre ndryshe,
06:45
to amplify it, to provide cues to the doctors,
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per ta plotesuar ate, per te ti dhene sugjerime mjekeve,
06:48
to the nurses, so they can see what's happening.
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infermiereve, qe te shohin cka po ndodh.
06:51
In the same way that a good racing driver
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Ne te njejten menyre qe nje shofer i mire garash
06:54
relies on cues to decide when to apply the brakes,
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mbeshtetet ne te dhenat per te percaktuar se kur duhet te perdori frenat,
06:58
when to turn into a corner,
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kur te marre kthesen,
06:59
we need to help our physicians and our nurses
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duhet te ndihmojne mjeket dhe infermieret tane
07:02
to see when things are starting to go wrong.
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per te pare gjerat kur fillojne te shkojne keq.
07:06
So we have a very ambitious program.
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Pra kemi nje program shume ambicioz.
07:09
We think that the race is on to do something differently.
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Mendojme se gara eshte per te bere dicka ndryshe.
07:14
We are thinking big. It's the right thing to do.
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Ne mendojme ne shkalle te gjere. Eshte gjeja e duhur per te bere.
07:17
We have an approach which, if it's successful,
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Kemi nje rruge e cila, nese eshte e sukseshme,
07:20
there's no reason why it should stay within a hospital.
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nuk ka arsye pse duhet te qendroje brenda spitalit.
Mund te dali jashte mureve.
07:23
It can go beyond the walls.
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07:24
With wireless connectivity these days,
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Me lidhjen jo kabllor te ketyre diteve,
07:26
there is no reason why patients, doctors and nurses
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nuk ka arsye pse pacientet, mjeket dhe infermieret
07:30
always have to be in the same place
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duhet gjithmone te jene ne te njejtin vend
07:32
at the same time.
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ne te njejten kohe.
07:34
And meanwhile, we'll take our little three-month-old baby,
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Dhe nderkohe, ne do marrim foshnjen tone tre muajshe
07:38
keep taking it to the track, keeping it safe,
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duke e mbajtur ne gjurme, duke e mbajtur te sigurte
07:42
and making it faster and better.
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dhe ta bejme me te shpejte dhe me te mire.
07:44
Thank you very much.
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Ju faleminderit shume.
07:45
(Applause)
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(Duartrokitje)
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