Peter van Manen: How can Formula 1 racing help ... babies?

Translator: Pei Fang Ng Reviewer: Muazam Hadi Muhammad

Motor racing is a funny old business.

Perlumbaan kereta ialah perniagaan yang pelik.

We make a new car every year,

Kami membuat kereta baru setiap tahun.

and then we spend the rest of the season

Kemudian, kami menghabiskan sepanjang musim

trying to understand what it is we've built

cuba memahami apa yang telah dibina

to make it better, to make it faster.

agar menjadikannya lebih baik dan pantas.

And then the next year, we start again.

Pada tahun berikut, kami melakukannya sekali lagi.

Now, the car you see in front of you is quite complicated.

Kereta yang anda lihat di depan adalah agak rumit.

The chassis is made up of about 11,000 components,

Casis terdiri daripada 11,000 buah komponen;

the engine another 6,000,

enjin, 6,000 buah komponen;

the electronics about eight and a half thousand.

elektronik pula, kira-kira 8,500 buah komponen.

So there's about 25,000 things there that can go wrong.

Jadi, terdapat kira-kira 25,000 buah komponen yang mungkin bermasalah.

So motor racing is very much about attention to detail.

Jadi, perlumbaan kereta adalah tentang perhatian kepada perincian.

The other thing about Formula 1 in particular

Perkara lain tentang Formula 1 ialah,

is we're always changing the car.

kami selalu menukar kereta.

We're always trying to make it faster.

Kami selalu cuba menjadikannya lebih pantas.

So every two weeks, we will be making

Jadi, setiap 2 minggu, kami akan membuat

about 5,000 new components to fit to the car.

kira-kira 5,000 buah komponen baru yang akan dipasang pada kereta.

Five to 10 percent of the race car

5% hingga 10% daripada kereta lumba

will be different every two weeks of the year.

akan menjadi berbeza setiap 2 minggu dalam satu tahun.

So how do we do that?

Bagaimana kami melakukannya?

Well, we start our life with the racing car.

Kami mulakan dengan kereta lumba.

We have a lot of sensors on the car to measure things.

Terdapat banyak sensor pada kereta untuk membuat pengukuran.

On the race car in front of you here

Pada kereta lumba di depan anda ini,

there are about 120 sensors when it goes into a race.

terdapat kira-kira 120 buah sensor semasa ia berlumba.

It's measuring all sorts of things around the car.

Ia mengukur banyak perkara tentang kereta ini.

That data is logged. We're logging about

Data itu akan direkodkan. Kami merekodkan kira-kira

500 different parameters within the data systems,

500 buah parameter yang berbeza dalam sistem data,

about 13,000 health parameters and events

kira-kira 13,000 buah parameter keteguhan dan peristiwa

to say when things are not working the way they should do,

untuk menunjukkan bila sesuatu bermasalah,

and we're sending that data back to the garage

dan kami menghantar data itu kembali ke garaj

using telemetry at a rate of two to four megabits per second.

dengan menggunakan telemetri pada kadar 2 hingga 4 megabit sesaat.

So during a two-hour race, each car will be sending

Jadi, semasa perlumbaan 2 jam, setiap kereta akan menghantar

750 million numbers.

750 juta nombor.

That's twice as many numbers as words that each of us

Ia 2 kali ganda daripada jumlah perkataan yang seseorang itu

speaks in a lifetime.

sebut sepanjang hayat.

It's a huge amount of data.

Ia melibatkan banyak data.

But it's not enough just to have data and measure it.

Tapi, sekadar mempunyai data dan mengukurnya adalah tidak cukup.

You need to be able to do something with it.

Anda perlu berupaya membuat sesuatu dengannya.

So we've spent a lot of time and effort

Jadi, kami telah menghabiskan banyak masa dan usaha

in turning the data into stories

menukarkan data kepada maklumat

to be able to tell, what's the state of the engine,

yang berupaya menunjukkan keadaan enjin,

how are the tires degrading,

bagaimana mutu tayar menurun,

what's the situation with fuel consumption?

bagaimana keadaan penggunaan bahan bakar.

So all of this is taking data

Semua ini melibatkan pengambilan data

and turning it into knowledge that we can act upon.

dan mengubahnya kepada maklumat yang boleh kita gunakan.

Okay, so let's have a look at a little bit of data.

Okey, mari kita lihat sedikit data.

Let's pick a bit of data from

Kita ambil data dari

another three-month-old patient.

seorang pesakit yang berusia 3 bulan.

This is a child, and what you're seeing here is real data,

Ini seorang bayi. Anda sedang melihat data sebenar.

and on the far right-hand side,

Di bahagian paling kanan

where everything starts getting a little bit catastrophic,

di mana keadaan mula menjadi buruk,

that is the patient going into cardiac arrest.

ialah keadaan pesakit mengalami kardium terhenti.

It was deemed to be an unpredictable event.

Ia keadaan yang tidak dapat diduga.

This was a heart attack that no one could see coming.

Ia serangan jantung dan tiada orang dapat menduganya berlaku.

But when we look at the information there,

Tapi, semasa kita melihat maklumat di situ,

we can see that things are starting to become

kita dapat melihat sedikit perubahan

a little fuzzy about five minutes or so before the cardiac arrest.

kira-kira 5 minit sebelum kardium terhenti.

We can see small changes

Kita dapat lihat perubahan kecil

in things like the heart rate moving.

seperti kadar denyut jantung.

These were all undetected by normal thresholds

Semua ini tidak dapat dikesan oleh ambang normal

which would be applied to data.

yang akan digunakan untuk data.

So the question is, why couldn't we see it?

Jadi soalannya ialah, kenapa kita tidak tahu tentangnya?

Was this a predictable event?

Adakah keadaan ini boleh diduga?

Can we look more at the patterns in the data

Bolehkah kita meneliti corak data

to be able to do things better?

agar kita dapat melakukan sesuatu dengan lebih baik?

So this is a child,

Jadi, ini seorang bayi,

about the same age as the racing car on stage,

hampir seusia dengan kereta lumba di pentas,

three months old.

3 bulan.

It's a patient with a heart problem.

Dia pesakit yang bermasalah jantung.

Now, when you look at some of the data on the screen above,

Lihat beberapa data pada skrin di atas,

things like heart rate, pulse, oxygen, respiration rates,

data seperti kadar jantung, nadi, oksigen, kadar respirasi,

they're all unusual for a normal child,

semuanya luar biasa bagi seseorang bayi normal,

but they're quite normal for the child there,

tapi ia agak normal bagi bayi itu.

and so one of the challenges you have in health care is,

Salah satu cabaran dalam rawatan kesihatan ialah,

how can I look at the patient in front of me,

bagaimana saya melihat pesakit di depan saya,

have something which is specific for her,

mendapat sesuatu yang khusus tentang dia,

and be able to detect when things start to change,

dan berupaya mengesan bila sesuatu mula berubah,

when things start to deteriorate?

bila keadaan mula merosot?

Because like a racing car, any patient,

Ini kerana seperti sebuah kereta lumba, mana-mana pesakit,

when things start to go bad, you have a short time

apabila keadaan menjadi buruk, anda mempunyai sedikit masa

to make a difference.

untuk melakukan sesuatu.

So what we did is we took a data system

Jadi, apa kami lakukan ialah, kami mengambil sistem data

which we run every two weeks of the year in Formula 1

yang dijalankan setiap 2 minggu dalam satu tahun di Formula 1

and we installed it on the hospital computers

dan memasangkannya pada komputer hospital

at Birmingham Children's Hospital.

di Hospital Kanak-kanak Birmingham.

We streamed data from the bedside instruments

Kami menghantar data daripada peralatan di tepi katil

in their pediatric intensive care

di unit rawatan rapi pediatrik

so that we could both look at the data in real time

agar kami dapat melihat data pada masa sebenar

and, more importantly, to store the data

dan, yang lebih penting, menyimpan data ini

so that we could start to learn from it.

agar kami dapat belajar daripadanya.

And then, we applied an application on top

Kemudian, kami menggunakan sebuah program

which would allow us to tease out the patterns in the data

yang membolehkan kami mengesan corak data

in real time so we could see what was happening,

pada masa sebenar agar kami tahu apa yang sedang berlaku;

so we could determine when things started to change.

jadi, kami dapat mengenal pasti bila keadaan mula berubah.

Now, in motor racing, we're all a little bit ambitious,

Dalam perlumbaan kereta, kami sangat bercita-cita,

audacious, a little bit arrogant sometimes,

berani; kadangkala, sedikit angkuh.

so we decided we would also look at the children

Jadi, kami putuskan untuk memantau kanak-kanak

as they were being transported to intensive care.

sementara mereka sedang dihantar ke unit rawatan rapi.

Why should we wait until they arrived in the hospital

Kenapa kami perlu menunggu sehingga mereka tiba di hospital

before we started to look?

sebelum kami mula memantau?

And so we installed a real-time link

Jadi, kami memasang sebuah sambungan masa sebenar

between the ambulance and the hospital,

antara ambulans dengan hospital

just using normal 3G telephony to send that data

dengan hanya menggunakan telefoni 3G untuk menghantar data itu

so that the ambulance became an extra bed

agar ambulans menjadi sebuah katil tambahan

in intensive care.

di unit rawatan rapi.

And then we started looking at the data.

Kemudian, kami mula melihat data itu.

So the wiggly lines at the top, all the colors,

Garisan yang berombak-ombak di atas, semua warna,

this is the normal sort of data you would see on a monitor --

ialah data normal yang anda akan lihat di monitor:

heart rate, pulse, oxygen within the blood,

Kadar jantung, nadi, oksigen dalam darah,

and respiration.

dan respirasi.

The lines on the bottom, the blue and the red,

Garisan di bawah yang berwarna biru dan merah,

these are the interesting ones.

semua inilah yang penting.

The red line is showing an automated version

Garisan merah menunjukkan versi automatik

of the early warning score

tentang angka amaran awal

that Birmingham Children's Hospital were already running.

yang telah dijalankan oleh Hospital Kanak-kanak Birmingham.

Pihak hospital telah menjalankannya sejak tahun 2008

They'd been running that since 2008,

and already have stopped cardiac arrests

dan telah berjaya menghalang kardium terhenti

and distress within the hospital.

dan kecemasan di hospital.

The blue line is an indication

Garis biru ialah petunjuk

of when patterns start to change,

bila corak mula berubah.

and immediately, before we even started

Dengan segera, sebelum kita mula

putting in clinical interpretation,

memberikan tafsiran klinikal,

we can see that the data is speaking to us.

data itu telah beritahu kita.

It's telling us that something is going wrong.

Ia beritahu kita bahawa ada sesuatu yang tidak kena.

The plot with the red and the green blobs,

Titik pada tompok merah dan hijau

this is plotting different components

memplot komponen data yang berbeza

of the data against each other.

antara satu sama lain.

The green is us learning what is normal for that child.

Yang hijau ialah apa yang normal bagi bayi itu.

We call it the cloud of normality.

Kami memanggilnya awan biasa.

And when things start to change,

Apabila keadaan mula berubah,

when conditions start to deteriorate,

apabila keadaan mula merosot,

we move into the red line.

kami melihat garisan merah.

There's no rocket science here.

Tiada apa yang sangat sukar di sini.

It is displaying data that exists already in a different way,

Ia memaparkan data yang sama dalam cara yang berbeza,

to amplify it, to provide cues to the doctors,

menghuraikannya, memberikan isyarat kepada doktor

to the nurses, so they can see what's happening.

dan jururawat agar mereka tahu apa yang sedang berlaku.

In the same way that a good racing driver

Ia cara yang sama di mana seseorang pelumba kereta

relies on cues to decide when to apply the brakes,

bergantung kepada isyarat untuk memutuskan bila menekan brek,

when to turn into a corner,

bila memasuki sesebuah selekoh.

we need to help our physicians and our nurses

Kami perlu membantu pakar perubatan dan jururawat

to see when things are starting to go wrong.

tahu bila berlakunya sesuatu masalah.

So we have a very ambitious program.

Jadi, kami mempunyai sebuah program yang hebat.

We think that the race is on to do something differently.

Kami berpendapat bahawa kami boleh melakukan sesuatu yang berbeza.

We are thinking big. It's the right thing to do.

Kami mempunyai idea yang hebat. Ia perkara yang betul dilakukan.

We have an approach which, if it's successful,

Kami mempunyai sebuah pendekatan di mana jika ia berjaya,

there's no reason why it should stay within a hospital.

tiada sebab kenapa ia patut berada dalam kawasan hospital.

Ia boleh berada di tempat lain.

It can go beyond the walls.

With wireless connectivity these days,

Dengan sambungan tanpa wayar pada masa kini,

there is no reason why patients, doctors and nurses

tiada sebab kenapa pesakit, doktor dan jururawat

always have to be in the same place

perlu selalu berada di tempat yang sama

at the same time.

pada masa yang sama.

And meanwhile, we'll take our little three-month-old baby,

Sementara itu, kami akan menjaga kereta yang berusia 3 bulan ini,

keep taking it to the track, keeping it safe,

membawanya ke litar, memastikannya selamat,

and making it faster and better.

dan menjadikannya lebih baik dan pantas.

Thank you very much.

Terima kasih banyak-banyak.

(Applause)

(Tepukan)