Malcolm Gladwell: The strange tale of the Norden bombsight

1,682,119 views ・ 2011-10-26

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Translator: Ereblir Kadriu Reviewer: Dita Bytyci
00:15
Thank you.
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(Faleminderit.
00:17
It's a real pleasure to be here.
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Eshte kenaqesi e vecante te jem ketu.
00:19
I last did a TED Talk
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Per here te fundit kam folur ne TED
00:21
I think about seven years ago or so.
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mendoj para shtate viteve ose ashtu disi.
00:25
I talked about spaghetti sauce.
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Une kam folur per sosin e shpagetave.
00:28
And so many people, I guess, watch those videos.
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Dhe shume njerez, mendoj i shohin keto video.
00:31
People have been coming up to me ever since
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Njerezit kane ardhur tek une qe atehere
00:33
to ask me questions about spaghetti sauce,
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per te me pyetur pytje rreth sosit te shpagetave,
00:35
which is a wonderful thing in the short term --
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e cila eshte nje gje e mrekullueshme brenda nje periudhe te shkurter--
00:38
(Laughter)
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(Buzeqeshje)
00:40
but it's proven to be less than ideal
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por eshte deshmuar qe eshte me pak se ideale
00:42
over seven years.
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ne me shume se shtate vite.
00:44
And so I though I would come
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Dhe keshtu une mendova te vij
00:46
and try and put spaghetti sauce behind me.
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te provoj dhe te vendosi sosin e shpagetave prapa meje.
00:49
(Laughter)
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(Buzeqeshje)
00:51
The theme of this morning's session is Things We Make.
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Tema e sesionit te ketij mengjesi eshte Gjerat qe ne Bejme.
00:54
And so I thought I would tell a story
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Dhe keshtu une mendova te tregoj nje storie
00:56
about someone
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per dike
00:58
who made one of the most precious objects
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i cili ka bere njerin nder objektet me te cmuara
01:00
of his era.
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te epokes se tij.
01:02
And the man's name is Carl Norden.
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Dhe emri i njeriut eshte Carl Norden.
01:05
Carl Norden was born in 1880.
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Carl Norden kishte lindur ne 1880.
01:07
And he was Swiss.
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Dhe ai ishte zviceran.
01:09
And of course, the Swiss can be divided
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Dhe sigurisht, zviceranet mund te ndahen
01:11
into two general categories:
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ne dy kategori te pergjithshme:
01:13
those who make small, exquisite,
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ata te cilet bejne obekte te vogla, te holla
01:15
expensive objects
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dhe te shtrenjta
01:17
and those who handle the money
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dhe ata te cilet mbajne parate
01:19
of those who buy small, exquisite,
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e atyre qe blejne objekte te vogla, te holla
01:22
expensive objects.
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e te shtrenjta.
01:24
And Carl Norden is very firmly in the former camp.
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Dhe Carl Norden eshte shume i vendosur ne kampin fomues.
01:27
He's an engineer.
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Ai eshte nje inxhinjer.
01:29
He goes to the Federal Polytech in Zurich.
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Ai shkon ne Federal Polytech ne Zurih.
01:32
In fact, one of his classmates is a young man named Lenin
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Ne fakt, nje shok i tij i klases eshte nje djale i ri i quajtur Lenin
01:35
who would go on
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i cili vetem
01:37
to break small, expensive, exquisite objects.
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thyente objektet e vogla, shtrejta, e te holla.
01:41
And he's a Swiss engineer, Carl.
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Dhe ai eshte nje inxhinjer zviceran, Carl.
01:44
And I mean that in its fullest sense of the word.
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Dhe dua te them ne kuptimin e plotes te fjales.
01:47
He wears three-piece suits;
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Ai vesh kostum me tri pjese;
01:49
and he has a very, very small, important mustache;
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dhe ai ka mustaqe shume te vogla dhe te rendesishme;
01:54
and he is domineering
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dhe ai eshte autoritar
01:56
and narcissistic
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dhe narcist
01:58
and driven
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dhe i drejtuar
02:00
and has an extraordinary ego;
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nga nje ego e jashtzakonshme;
02:02
and he works 16-hour days;
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ai punon 16 ore ne dite;
02:05
and he has very strong feelings about alternating current;
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dhe ai ka ndjenja shume te forta per alternimin aktual;
02:08
and he feels like a suntan is a sign of moral weakness;
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dhe ai ndjehet sikur nje nxirje eshte shenje e dobesise morale;
02:12
and he drinks lots of coffee;
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dhe ai pine shume kafe;
02:14
and he does his best work
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dhe ai e bene punen e tij me se miri
02:16
sitting in his mother's kitchen in Zurich for hours
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i ulur ne kuzhinen e nenes se tij ne Cyrih per ore te tera
02:18
in complete silence
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ne qetesi te plote
02:20
with nothing but a slide rule.
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me asgje por nje rigë llogaritese.
02:22
In any case,
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Per cdo rast,
02:24
Carl Norden emigrates to the United States
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Carl Norden emigron ne Shtetet e Bashkuara
02:27
just before the First World War
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pak para Luftes se Pare Boterore
02:29
and sets up shop on Lafayette Street
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dhe drejton nje dyqan ne Rrugen Lafayette
02:31
in downtown Manhattan.
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ne qender Manhattan.
02:33
And he becomes obsessed with the question
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Dhe ai behet i opsesionuar me nje pytje
02:35
of how to drop bombs from an airplane.
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si te gjuajme bomba nga aeroplani.
02:38
Now if you think about it,
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Tani nese mendoni per kete,
02:40
in the age before GPS and radar,
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ne kohen para GPS dhe radarit,
02:43
that was obviously a really difficult problem.
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kjo ishte e qarte se ishte nje problem i veshtire.
02:45
It's a complicated physics problem.
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Eshte nje porblem i komplikuar i fizikes
02:47
You've got a plane that's thousands of feet up in the air,
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Ju keni nje aeroplan qe eshte me mijera metra ne ajer,
02:50
going at hundreds of miles an hour,
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duke ecur me qindra meter per ore,
02:52
and you're trying to drop an object, a bomb,
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dhe ju po provoni re hidhni nje objekt, nje bomb,
02:55
towards some stationary target
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drejt ndonje objekti te palevizshem
02:57
in the face of all kinds of winds and cloud cover
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perballe te gjitha llojeve te ererave dhe reve
03:00
and all kinds of other impediments.
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dhe te gjitha llojet e paisjeve tjera ushtarake.
03:02
And all sorts of people,
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Dhe te gjithe tipat e njerezve,
03:04
moving up to the First World War and between the wars,
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duke shkuar deri te Lufta e pare Boterore dhe ne mes lufterave,
03:06
tried to solve this problem,
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provoj te zgjidh kete problem,
03:08
and nearly everybody came up short.
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dhe gati te gjithe dolen te shkurter.
03:10
The bombsights that were available
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Bombat qe ishin te lira
03:12
were incredibly crude.
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ishin jashtezakonisht te paperpunuara.
03:14
But Carl Norden is really the one who cracks the code.
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Por Carl Norden me te vertete eshte ai i cili e theu kodin.
03:17
And he comes up with this incredibly complicated device.
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Dhe ai vije me kete paisje jashtezakonisht te komplikuar.
03:20
It weighs about 50 lbs.
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Peshon rreth 50 Ibs.
03:22
It's called the Norden Mark 15 bombsight.
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Quhet Norden Mark bomba 15.
03:26
And it has all kinds of levers and ball-bearings
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Dhe ka te gjitha llojet e levavave dhe vinçave
03:28
and gadgets and gauges.
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dhe paisjet dhe matese veglash
03:31
And he makes this complicated thing.
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Dhe ai e bene kete gje te komplikuar.
03:34
And what he allows people to do
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Dhe cka ai lejon njerezit te bejne
03:36
is he makes the bombardier take this particular object,
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eshte ai bene bombarduesit te marrin kete objekt te vecante
03:40
visually sight the target,
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vizaulisht ne sy te shenuar,
03:42
because they're in the Plexiglas cone of the bomber,
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sepse ata jane konin Plexiglas te bombarduesit,
03:46
and then they plug in the altitude of the plane,
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dhe pastaj ata e kyqen ne lartesin e aeroplanit,
03:49
the speed of the plane, the speed of the wind
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shpejtesia e aeroplanit, shpejtesia e eres
03:52
and the coordinates
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dhe kordinatat
03:54
of the target.
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e objektit.
03:56
And the bombsight will tell him when to drop the bomb.
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Dhe vendi i makinerise se bombave do ti tregoj atij kur ta hedh bomben.
04:00
And as Norden famously says,
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Dhe sic thote Norden,
04:03
"Before that bombsight came along,
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"Parase te vije ai vend i makinerise se bombave,
04:05
bombs would routinely miss their target
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bombat ne menyre rutinore do te humbasin objektivin e tyre
04:07
by a mile or more."
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per nje milje ose me shume."
04:09
But he said, with the Mark 15 Norden bombsight,
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Por ai tha, me makinerin e bombave Mark 15 Norden,
04:12
he could drop a bomb into a pickle barrel
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ai mund te gjuan nje bombe ne Pickle barrel
04:14
at 20,000 ft.
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ne 20,000 ft.
04:16
Now I cannot tell you
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Tani une nuk mund te ju tregoj
04:18
how incredibly excited
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sa te befasuar
04:20
the U.S. military was
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ishin ushtria e Shteteve te Bashkuara
04:22
by the news of the Norden bombsight.
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nga lajmi i makinerise se bombave te Norden.
04:25
It was like manna from heaven.
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Ishte si ushqim shpirteror nga parajsa
04:27
Here was an army
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Ketu ishte nje ushtri
04:29
that had just had experience in the First World War,
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e cila posa ka pasuar pervoje ne Luften e pare Boterore,
04:31
where millions of men
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ku me miliona burra
04:33
fought each other in the trenches,
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u rrahen ne mes me vet ne hendeke,
04:35
getting nowhere, making no progress,
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duke mos shkuar askund, duke mos bere asnje perparim,
04:37
and here someone had come up with a device
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dhe ketu dikush erdhi me nje paisje
04:41
that allowed them to fly up in the skies
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qe u'a lejoj atyre te fluturojne lart ne qiell
04:43
high above enemy territory
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lart mbi territorin e armikut
04:45
and destroy whatever they wanted
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dhe te shaktrrojne cka do qe deshen
04:47
with pinpoint accuracy.
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me perpikmeri te sigurt.
04:49
And the U.S. military
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Dhe ushtria U.S
04:51
spends 1.5 billion dollars --
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shpenzon 1.5 bilion dollar--
04:53
billion dollars in 1940 dollars --
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bilion dollar ne 1940 dollar--
04:56
developing the Norden bombsight.
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per te zhvilluar makinerin e bmbave te Norden-it.
04:58
And to put that in perspective,
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Dhe per t'a vendosur ate ne perspektive,
05:01
the total cost of the Manhattan project
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cmimi total i projektit te Manhattan
05:03
was three billion dollars.
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ishte tre bilion dollar.
05:05
Half as much money was spent on this Norden bombsight
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Gjysma e ketyre parave ishte shpenzuar ne makineri bombave Norden
05:08
as was spent on the most famous military-industrial project
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pasiqe ishte shpenzuar ne projektin me te famshem te industrise ushtarake
05:12
of the modern era.
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te epokes se re.
05:14
And there were people, strategists, within the U.S. military
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Dhe aty kishte njerez, strateg, mbrenda ushtrise Shteteve te Bashkuara
05:17
who genuinely thought that this single device
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te cilet sinqerisht menduan qe vetem kjo paisje
05:19
was going to spell the difference
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do ta tregoj ndryshimin
05:21
between defeat and victory
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ndermjet disfates dhe fitores
05:23
when it came to the battle against the Nazis
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kur erdhi te lufta kunder Nazisteve
05:25
and against the Japanese.
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dhe kunder Japonezve.
05:27
And for Norden as well,
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Dhe per Norden gjithashtu,
05:29
this device had incredible moral importance,
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kjo paisje kishte rendesi jashtezakonisht morale
05:32
because Norden was a committed Christian.
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sepse Norden ishte nje Krishter i perkushtuar.
05:34
In fact, he would always get upset
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Ne fakt, ai gjithmone do te deshprohej
05:36
when people referred to the bombsight as his invention,
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kur njerezit i referoheshin vendit te makinerise se bombave si zbulim e tij,
05:39
because in his eyes,
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sepse sipas tij,
05:41
only God could invent things.
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vetem zoti mund te zbuloj gjera.
05:43
He was simply the instrument of God's will.
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Ai thjeshte ishte insturment i deshires se Zotit.
05:45
And what was God's will?
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Dhe cila ishte deshira e Zotit?
05:47
Well God's will was that the amount of suffering in any kind of war
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Mire deshira i Zotit qe sasia e vujatjes ne cdo lufte
05:50
be reduced to as small an amount as possible.
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te reduktohet ne sasi sa me te vogel qe eshte e mundshme.
05:53
And what did the Norden bombsight do?
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Dhe cka kane bene bmbat e Norden?
05:55
Well it allowed you to do that.
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Mire ju lejoj te beni ate.
05:57
It allowed you to bomb only those things
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Ju lejoj vetem te bombardoni vetem keto gjera
05:59
that you absolutely needed and wanted to bomb.
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qe ju apsolutisht patet nevoje dhe kerkkuat te bombardoni.
06:03
So in the years leading up to the Second World War,
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Keshtu ne vitet qe na shpein deri tek Lufta e Dyte Boterore,
06:06
the U.S. military buys 90,000
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ushtria e Shteteve te Bashkuara blejne 90.000
06:09
of these Norden bombsights
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te ketyre bombave te Norden
06:11
at a cost of $14,000 each --
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me cmim te 14.000$ per secilin --
06:13
again, in 1940 dollars, that's a lot of money.
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perseri , ne 1940 dollar, keto jane shume para.
06:16
And they trained 50,000 bombardiers on how to use them --
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Dhe ata i trajnuan 50.000 bombardues si t'i perdorin ato --
06:19
long extensive, months-long training sessions --
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gjate e gjere, muaj te tere te sesione trajunese--
06:23
because these things are essentially analog computers;
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sepse keto gjera jane thelebesisht jane komjuter analog;
06:25
they're not easy to use.
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ato nuk jane te lehta per t'u perdororur.
06:27
And they make every one of those bombardiers take an oath,
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Dhe ata i bejne te gjithe bombarduesit te betohen,
06:30
to swear that if they're ever captured,
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te betohen se nese ndonjehere kapen
06:33
they will not divulge a single detail
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ata nuk do te zbuloj asnje detaj
06:35
of this particular device to the enemy,
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te kesaj paisje te vecante armikut,
06:37
because it's imperative the enemy not get their hands
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sepse eshte e domosdoshme armiku tr mos marr ne duar
06:40
on this absolutely essential piece of technology.
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kete pjeese esenciale te teknologjise.
06:42
And whenever the Norden bombsight is taken onto a plane,
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Dhe kurdo qe maiknneria e bombave Norden merret ne nje aeroplan,
06:45
it's escorted there by a series of armed guards.
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shoqerohet atje me nje grumbull rojesh te armatuara.
06:48
And it's carried in a box with a canvas shroud over it.
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Dhe bartet ne nje kuti me nje perde mbi te.
06:51
And the box is handcuffed to one of the guards.
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Dhe kutia eshte e prangosur ne nje nga rojet.
06:54
It's never allowed to be photographed.
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Kurre nuk eshte e lejuar te fotografohet.
06:56
And there's a little incendiary device inside of it,
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Dhe eshte nje paisje e vogel ndezese brenda saj,
06:59
so that, if the plane ever crashes, it will be destroyed
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pra qe, nese aeroplani ndonjehere perplaset, do te shkatrrohet
07:02
and there's no way the enemy can ever get their hands on it.
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dhe nuk ka shanca qe armiku t'i fus duart aty.
07:05
The Norden bombsight
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Makineria e Bombave Norden
07:07
is the Holy Grail.
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eshte Gral i Shenjte
07:10
So what happens during the Second World War?
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Pra cka ndodh gjate Luftes Se Dyte Boterore?
07:13
Well, it turns out it's not the Holy Grail.
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Mire, duket se nuk eshte Gral i Shenjte.
07:16
In practice, the Norden bombsight
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Ne praktike, makineria e bombave Norden
07:18
can drop a bomb into a pickle barrel at 20,000 ft.,
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mund te hedh nje bombe ne nje bucelle ne 20.000 ft.,
07:21
but that's under perfect conditions.
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por kjo eshte ne kushte perfekte.
07:23
And of course, in wartime,
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Dhe sigurisht, ne kohe lufte,
07:25
conditions aren't perfect.
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kushtet nuk jane perfekte.
07:27
First of all, it's really hard to use -- really hard to use.
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Se pari, eshte shume veshtire te perdoret-- shume veshtire te perdoret.
07:30
And not all of the people
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Dhe jo te gjithe njerezit
07:32
who are of those 50,000 men who are bombardiers
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te cilet jane 50.000 burra te cilet jane bombardues
07:34
have the ability to properly program an analog computer.
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kane aftesine qe ne menyre te drejte te programojne nje kompjuter analog.
07:38
Secondly, it breaks down a lot.
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Se dyti, ajo prishet shume.
07:40
It's full of all kinds of gyroscopes and pulleys
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Eshte e mbushur me te gjitha llojet e xhiroskopeve dhe pulexheva
07:42
and gadgets and ball-bearings,
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dhe paisjeve dhe koordiantave,
07:44
and they don't work as well as they ought to
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dhe ata nuk punojne ashtu si duhet
07:46
in the heat of battle.
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ne nxehtesin e betjes.
07:48
Thirdly, when Norden was making his calculations,
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Se treti, kur Norden ishte duke i bere kalkulime e tij,
07:51
he assumed that a plane would be flying
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ai pretendonte se ne aeroplan do te fluturonte
07:53
at a relatively slow speed at low altitudes.
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relativisht ne ne shoejtesi te ngadalshme ne lartesi te ulte.
07:56
Well in a real war, you can't do that;
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Mire ne nje lufte te vertete, ju nuk mund ta beni ate;
07:58
you'll get shot down.
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ju do te qelloheni.
08:00
So they started flying them at high altitudes at incredibly high speeds.
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Keshtu ata filluan te fluturonin ne lartesi te larte me shpejtesi teper te larte.
08:03
And the Norden bombsight doesn't work as well
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Dhe makineria e bombave nuk punon edhe aq mire
08:05
under those conditions.
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ne keto kushte.
08:07
But most of all,
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Por shumica rej tyre,
08:09
the Norden bombsight required the bombardier
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makineria e bombave Norden kerkon qe bombarduesi
08:11
to make visual contact with the target.
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te bene kontakt vizuel me objektivin.
08:14
But of course, what happens in real life?
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Por sigurisht, cka ndodh ne jeten e vertete?
08:16
There are clouds, right.
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Ka re, a po.
08:19
It needs cloudless sky to be really accurate.
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Ka nevoje per nje qiell te kthjellte qe te jete me te vertete i sigurt.
08:22
Well how many cloudless skies
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Mire sa qiell te kthjellte
08:24
do you think there were above Central Europe
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mendoni se ishin mbi Europen Qendrore
08:26
between 1940 and 1945?
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ne mes 1940 dhe 1945?
08:29
Not a lot.
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Jo aq shume.
08:31
And then to give you a sense
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Dhe pastaj per t'u a dhene juve nje ndjeje
08:33
of just how inaccurate the Norden bombsight was,
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se sa i pa sigurt makineria e bombave Norden ishte,
08:35
there was a famous case in 1944
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ishte nje rast i famshem ne 1944
08:37
where the Allies bombed a chemical plant in Leuna, Germany.
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ku aleatet bombarduan nje bime kemikale ne Leuna, Gjermani.
08:41
And the chemical plant comprised
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Dhe bima kemikale permbante
08:43
757 acres.
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757 akëra.
08:45
And over the course of 22 bombing missions,
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Dhe ne rrjedhen e misioneve 22 te bombardimeve,
08:48
the Allies dropped 85,000 bombs
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aleatet hudhen 85,000 bomba
08:53
on this 757 acre chemical plant,
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ne kete bime kemikale 757 aker,
08:57
using the Norden bombsight.
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duke perdorur makinerin e bombave Norden.
09:00
Well what percentage of those bombs
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Mire cfare perqindje e ketyre bombave
09:02
do you think actually landed
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mendoni qe u leshuan
09:04
inside the 700-acre perimeter of the plant?
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brenda perimetrit 700 akersh te bimes?
09:07
10 percent. 10 percent.
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10 perqind. 10 perqind.
09:10
And of those 10 percent that landed,
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Dhe prej ketyre 10 perqeindve qe u leshuan,
09:12
16 percent didn't even go off; they were duds.
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16 perqind nuk u shuan; ato ishin te paplasura.
09:15
The Leuna chemical plant,
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Bima kemikale Leuna,
09:17
after one of the most extensive bombings in the history of the war,
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njera nder bombardimet me te gjera ne historine e luftes
09:20
was up and running within weeks.
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ishte ne funksion mbrenda disa javeve.
09:23
And by the way, all those precautions
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Dhe me qe ra fjale, te gjitha keto parashikime
09:25
to keep the Norden bombsight out of the hands of the Nazis?
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per t'a mbajtur lmakinerin e bombave Norden larg duarve te Nazisteve?
09:28
Well it turns out
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Mire duket se
09:30
that Carl Norden, as a proper Swiss,
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Carl Norden, si nje zvicran i denje,
09:32
was very enamored of German engineers.
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ishte shume i dashuruar me inxhinieret Gjerman.
09:35
So in the 1930s, he hired a whole bunch of them,
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Keshtu qe ne vitetet 1930, ai punsoi nje grumbull te madh te tyre,
09:37
including a man named Hermann Long
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duke perfshire nje njeri me emrin Herman Long
09:39
who, in 1938,
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i cili, ne 1938,
09:41
gave a complete set of the plans for the Norden bombsight to the Nazis.
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dha nje set te kompletuar te planeve per makinerin e bombave Norden per Nazistet.
09:44
So they had their own Norden bombsight throughout the entire war --
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Pra ata paten makinerin e bombes Norden pergjate tere luftes --
09:47
which also, by the way, didn't work very well.
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e cila gjithashtu, me qe ra fjala, nuk ka punuar edhe aq mire.
09:50
(Laughter)
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(Buzeqeshje)
09:52
So why do we talk about the Norden bombsight?
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Pra pse po flasim per makinerine e bombes Norden?
09:55
Well because we live in an age
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Mire sepse ne jetojme ne nje moshe
09:57
where there are lots and lots
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ku ka shume e shume
09:59
of Norden bombsights.
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makineri te bombave Norden.
10:01
We live in a time where there are all kinds
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Ne jetojme ne nje kohe ku aty ka te gjitha llojet
10:03
of really, really smart people
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e njerezve te menqur
10:05
running around, saying that they've invented gadgets
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qe sillen per rreth, duke thene qe ata kane zbuluar paisjet
10:07
that will forever change our world.
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qe do te ndryshojne boten gjithmone.
10:09
They've invented websites that will allow people to be free.
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Ata kane zbuluar websitet qe u'a lejon njerezve te jene te lire.
10:12
They've invented some kind of this thing, or this thing, or this thing
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Ata kane zbuluar disa lloje si kjo gje, ose si kjo gje, ose si kjo gje
10:16
that will make our world forever better.
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qe do t'a beje boten tone pergjithmone me te mire.
10:19
If you go into the military,
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Nese shkoni ne ushtri
10:21
you'll find lots of Carl Nordens as well.
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ju do te gjeni shume Carl Norden gjithashtu.
10:23
If you go to the Pentagon, they will say,
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Nese shkoni ne Pentagon, ata do t'u thone,
10:25
"You know what, now we really can
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" E dini cka, tani me te vertete mund
10:27
put a bomb inside a pickle barrel
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te vendosmi nje bombe brenda nje buçelë
10:29
at 20,000 ft."
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te 20,000 ft."
10:31
And you know what, it's true; they actually can do that now.
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Dhe a e dini cka, eshte e vertete; ata faktikisht mund ta bejne ate tani.
10:34
But we need to be very clear
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Por ne duhet te jemi shume te qarte
10:36
about how little that means.
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per sa pak ajo ka vlere.
10:39
In the Iraq War, at the beginning of the first Iraq War,
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Ne luften e Irakut, ne fillim te luftes se pare ne Irak,
10:42
the U.S. military, the air force,
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ushtria e Shteteve Bashkuara, forca ajrore,
10:44
sent two squadrons of F-15E Fighter Eagles
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i dergoj 2 skuadrone te F-15E Fighter Eagles
10:47
to the Iraqi desert
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ne shkretiren Irakut
10:49
equipped with these five million dollar cameras
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te pajisura me keto kamera pese milion dollarshe
10:51
that allowed them to see the entire desert floor.
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qe u'a lejoj atyre te shohin shkretiren ne tersi.
10:54
And their mission was to find and to destroy --
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The misioni i tyre ishte te gjejne dhe te shkatrojne--
10:57
remember the Scud missile launchers,
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mos harroni te leshoni raketat Scud
10:59
those surface-to-air missiles
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keto raketa toke-ajer
11:01
that the Iraqis were launching at the Israelis?
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qe Irakianet po u'a leshonin Izraeliteve?
11:03
The mission of the two squadrons
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Misioni i dy skuadroneve
11:05
was to get rid of all the Scud missile launchers.
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ishte te largonin te gjitha raketat e leshuara Scud.
11:08
And so they flew missions day and night,
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Dhe keshtu ata misionet fluturan dite e nate,
11:10
and they dropped thousands of bombs,
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dhe ata hudhen mijera bomba,
11:12
and they fired thousands of missiles
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dhe ata ndezen mijera raketa
11:15
in an attempt to get rid of this particular scourge.
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ne perpjekje te largojne kete kopan te vecante.
11:18
And after the war was over, there was an audit done --
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Dhe pasi perfundimit te luftes, ishte bere nje audit--
11:20
as the army always does, the air force always does --
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sic e bene ushtria gjithmone, forca ajrore gjithmone e bene--
11:22
and they asked the question:
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dhe ata e pyten pytjen:
11:24
how many Scuds did we actually destroy?
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sa Scud faktikisht i kemi shkaterruar?
11:26
You know what the answer was?
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Ju e dini cila ishte pergjigja?
11:28
Zero, not a single one.
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Zero, asnje edhe nje.
11:30
Now why is that?
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Tani pse eshte kjo?
11:32
Is it because their weapons weren't accurate?
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Eshte pershkak se arme e tyre nuk ishin te sigurta?
11:34
Oh no, they were brilliantly accurate.
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O jo, ato ishin shume te sigurta.
11:37
They could have destroyed this little thing right here
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Ata do te mund te shkaterronin kete gje te vogel ketu
11:39
from 25,000 ft.
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nga 25.000 ft.
11:41
The issue was they didn't know where the Scud launchers were.
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Qellimi ishte se ata nuk e dini ku ishin makinat e leshimit Scud.
11:45
The problem with bombs and pickle barrels
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Problemi me bomba dhe buçela
11:48
is not getting the bomb inside the pickle barrel,
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nuk eshte duke e futur bomben brenda buçeles,
11:50
it's knowing how to find the pickle barrel.
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eshte dituria se si te gjejme buçellen.
11:53
That's always been the harder problem
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Ky gjithmone ka qene problem i veeshtire
11:55
when it comes to fighting wars.
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kur vije tek beteja te luftrave.
11:57
Or take the battle in Afghanistan.
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Ose merre betejen ne Afganistan.
12:00
What is the signature weapon
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Cila eshte fima e armes
12:02
of the CIA's war in Northwest Pakistan?
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e luftes CIA ne veriperendim te Paksitanit?
12:04
It's the drone. What is the drone?
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Eshte njeri qe rri kot. Cka eshte njeriu qe rri kot?
12:07
Well it is the grandson of the Norden Mark 15 bombsight.
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Mire eshte sternipi i Norden Mark kmaikneri bombave 15.
12:11
It is this weapon of devastating accuracy and precision.
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Eshte kjo arma e saktesise shakteruese dhe precezitetit.
12:15
And over the course of the last six years
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Dhe pergjate rrjedhes te gjashte mujorshit te fundit
12:17
in Northwest Pakistan,
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ne veriperendim te Pakistanit,
12:20
the CIA has flown hundreds of drone missiles,
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CIA ka fluturruan me qindra raketa koti,
12:23
and it's used those drones
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dhe ka perdorur keto gjera te kota
12:25
to kill 2,000 suspected
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per te vrare 2.000
12:27
Pakistani and Taliban militants.
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militantet te dyshuar te Pakistanit dhe Talibanit.
12:31
Now what is the accuracy of those drones?
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Tani cila eshte saktesisa e ketyre gjerave koti?
12:34
Well it's extraordinary.
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Mire eshte e jashtezakonshme.
12:36
We think we're now at 95 percent accuracy
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Ne mendojme se ne jemi tanite sajte 95 perqind
12:39
when it comes to drone strikes.
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kur vije puna tek sulmet e kota.
12:41
95 percent of the people we kill need to be killed, right?
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95 perqind e njerezve qe ne kemi vrare duhet te vrahen, a po?
12:44
That is one of the most extraordinary records
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Ky eshte njeri nder rekordet me te jashtezakonshme
12:46
in the history of modern warfare.
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ne historine e luftrave moderne.
12:48
But do you know what the crucial thing is?
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Por a e dini cila eshte gjera kruciale>
12:50
In that exact same period
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Ne ate periudhe te njejte te sakte
12:52
that we've been using these drones
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qe ne ishim duke perdorur keto gjera koti
12:54
with devastating accuracy,
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m saktesi shakterruese,
12:56
the number of attacks, of suicide attacks and terrorist attacks,
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numri i sulmeve, te sulmeve vetvrases dhe sulmeve terroriste,
12:59
against American forces in Afghanistan
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kunder forcave Amerikane ne Afganistan
13:01
has increased tenfold.
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eshte rritur dhejtefishite.
13:04
As we have gotten more and more efficient
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Pasi ne jemi bere me shume e me shume efikas
13:06
in killing them,
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ne mbytjen e tyre,
13:08
they have become angrier and angrier
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ata u bene nervoz e me nervoz
13:11
and more and more motivated to kill us.
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dhe shume me shume te motivuar per te na vrare neve.
13:14
I have not described to you a success story.
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Une nuk ju kam pershkruar nje histori te sukseseshme
13:17
I've described to you
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Une ju kam pershkruar
13:19
the opposite of a success story.
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te kundertes se nje historie te sukseshme
13:21
And this is the problem
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Dhe ky eshte problemi
13:23
with our infatuation with the things we make.
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me pasionet tona me gjerat qe ne bejme.
13:25
We think the things we make can solve our problems,
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Ne mendojme gjerat qe ne bejme mund te zgjidhin problemet tona,
13:28
but our problems are much more complex than that.
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por problemt tona jane shsume me shume komplekse se jo
13:31
The issue isn't the accuracy of the bombs you have,
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Qellimi nuk eshte siguria e bombave qe ju keni,
13:34
it's how you use the bombs you have,
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eshte si i perdorni bombat qe i keni,
13:36
and more importantly,
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dhe me e rendesishmja,
13:38
whether you ought to use bombs at all.
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nese ju duhet te perdorni bomba.
13:42
There's a postscript
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Eshte nje poshteshenim
13:44
to the Norden story
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ne storien Norden
13:46
of Carl Norden and his fabulous bombsight.
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te Carl Norden dhe maikinerise se tij te mrekullueshme.
13:49
And that is, on August 6, 1945,
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Dhe kjo eshte, me 6 Gusht, 1945,
13:52
a B-29 bomber called the Enola Gay
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nje bombardues B-29 e quajti Enola Gay
13:55
flew over Japan
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fluturan mbi Japoni
13:57
and, using a Norden bombsight,
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dhe, duke perdorur nje makineri bombave Norden,
13:59
dropped a very large thermonuclear device
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gjuajti nje paisje te madhe termonukleare
14:02
on the city of Hiroshima.
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ne qytetin Hirmoshima.
14:05
And as was typical with the Norden bombsight,
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Dhe pasi qe ishte tipike me makinerin Norden,
14:08
the bomb actually missed its target by 800 ft.
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bomba faktikisht humbi objektivin nga 800 ft.
14:11
But of course, it didn't matter.
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Por sigurisht, nuk kishte nevoje.
14:14
And that's the greatest irony of all
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Dhe kjo ishte ironia me e madhe nga te gjitha
14:16
when it comes to the Norden bombsight.
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kur vije tek makineria Norden.
14:19
the air force's 1.5 billion dollar bombsight
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forcat ajrore 1.5bilion dollar te mainerise
14:23
was used to drop its three billion dollar bomb,
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ishe perdorur per te hedhur tre bilion dollaret e bombes,
14:27
which didn't need a bombsight at all.
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te cilat nuk paten nevoje per makineri te bombave.
14:30
Meanwhile, back in New York,
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Perderisa, ne New York,
14:32
no one told Carl Norden
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askush nuk i tregoi Carl Norden
14:34
that his bombsight was used over Hiroshima.
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qe makineria e tij ishte perdorur mbi Hiroshima.
14:37
He was a committed Christian.
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Ai ishte nje Krishter i perkushtuar
14:39
He thought he had designed something
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Ai mendonte se kishte dizejnuar dicka
14:41
that would reduce the toll of suffering in war.
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qe do te mund te zvogelonte vuajtjen ne lufte.
14:44
It would have broken his heart.
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Ajo do t'ja thente zemren.
14:47
(Applause)
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(Duartroktije)
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