Jessica Jackley: Poverty, money -- and love

162,039 views ・ 2010-10-18

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Translator: Matej Divjak Reviewer: Klavdija Cernilogar
00:16
The stories we tell about each other
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Zgodbe, ki jih pripovedujemo o nas,
00:18
matter very much.
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so zelo pomembne.
00:21
The stories we tell ourselves about our own lives matter.
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Zgodbe, ki jih pripovedujemo sebi o svojih lastnih življenjih, so pomembne.
00:24
And most of all,
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Mislim pa,
00:26
I think the way that we participate in each other's stories
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da je najbolj pomembno,
00:28
is of deep importance.
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kako smo udeleženi v zgodbah drug drugega.
00:31
I was six years old
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Stara sem bila šest let,
00:33
when I first heard stories about the poor.
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ko sem prvič slišala zgodbe o revnih.
00:35
Now I didn't hear those stories from the poor themselves,
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Teh zgodb nisem slišala od revnih samih,
00:37
I heard them from my Sunday school teacher
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slišala sem jih od učitelja verouka
00:40
and Jesus, kind of via my Sunday school teacher.
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in Jezusa, na nek način skozi učitelja verouka.
00:43
I remember learning that people who were poor
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Spominjam se, da sem se naučila, da revni ljudje
00:46
needed something material --
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potrebujejo nekaj materialnega --
00:48
food, clothing, shelter -- that they didn't have.
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hrano, obleko, zatočišče -- česar nimajo.
00:50
And I also was taught, coupled with that,
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Hkrati s tem so me naučili tudi,
00:53
that it was my job -- this classroom full of five and six year-old children --
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da je moja naloga -- razreda polnega 5- in 6-letnih otrok --
00:56
it was our job, apparently, to help.
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da je naša naloga, očitno, da pomagamo.
00:58
This is what Jesus asked of us.
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To je Jezus zahteval od nas.
01:00
And then he said, "What you do for the least of these, you do for me."
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In potem je rekel: "Kar naredite za najmanjšega od teh, naredite zame."
01:03
Now I was pretty psyched.
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Bila sem precej vznemirjena.
01:05
I was very eager to be useful in the world --
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Zelo sem bila vneta, da bi bila koristna na svetu.
01:07
I think we all have that feeling.
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Mislim, da imamo vsi ta občutek.
01:09
And also, it was kind of interesting that God needed help.
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Bilo pa je tudi zanimivo, da bog potrebuje pomoč.
01:11
That was news to me,
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To je bilo nekaj novega zame
01:13
and it felt like it was a very important thing to get to participate in.
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in zdelo se je, da je zelo pomembno, da pri tem sodelujem.
01:15
But I also learned very soon thereafter
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Kmalu po tem pa sem se naučila tudi,
01:17
that Jesus also said, and I'm paraphrasing,
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da je Jezus rekel tudi, parafraziram,
01:19
the poor would always be with us.
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da bodo revni vedno z nami.
01:21
This frustrated and confused me;
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To me je frustriralo in zmedlo.
01:23
I felt like I had been just given a homework assignment
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Počutila sem se, kot da bi pravkar dobila domačo nalogo,
01:25
that I had to do, and I was excited to do,
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ki jo moram narediti in sem si jo želela narediti,
01:27
but no matter what I would do, I would fail.
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vendar mi, ne glede na to, kar bom naredila, ne bo uspelo.
01:30
So I felt confused, a little bit frustrated and angry,
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Zato sem se počutila zmedeno, rahlo frustrirano in jezno,
01:33
like maybe I'd misunderstood something here.
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kot da nečesa nisem razumela.
01:35
And I felt overwhelmed.
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Počutila sem se premagano.
01:37
And for the first time,
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In tako sem se prvič
01:39
I began to fear this group of people
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začela bati te skupine ljudi
01:41
and to feel negative emotion towards a whole group of people.
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in čutiti negativna čustva do cele skupine ljudi.
01:44
I imagined in my head, a kind of long line of individuals
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V glavi sem si predstavljala dolgo vrsto posameznikov,
01:47
that were never going away, that would always be with us.
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ki ne bodo nikoli šli stran, ki bodo vedno z nami.
01:49
They were always going to ask me to help them and give them things,
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Vedno me bodo prosili, da jim pomagam in dajem stvari,
01:52
which I was excited to do,
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kar sem si tudi želela,
01:54
but I didn't know how it was going to work.
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vendar nisem vedela, kako bo to delovalo.
01:56
And I didn't know what would happen when I ran out of things to give,
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In nisem vedela, kaj se bo zgodilo, ko mi bo zmanjkalo stvari za dajanje,
02:01
especially if the problem was never going away.
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še posebej, če težava nikoli ne bo šla stran.
02:03
In the years following,
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V letih, ki so sledila,
02:05
the other stories I heard about the poor growing up
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zgodbe, ki sem jih med odraščanjem slišala o revnih,
02:07
were no more positive.
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niso bile nič bolj pozitivne.
02:09
For example, I saw pictures and images
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Na primer, pogosto sem videla slike in podobe
02:12
frequently of sadness and suffering.
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žalosti in trpljenja.
02:14
I heard about things that were going wrong in the lives of the poor.
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Slišala sem o stvareh, ki gredo narobe v življenjih revnih.
02:17
I heard about disease, I heard about war --
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Slišala sem o bolezni. Slišala sem o vojni.
02:19
they always seemed to be kind of related.
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Vedno so se zdele nekako povezane.
02:21
And in general,
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In na splošno
02:23
I got this sort of idea
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sem dobila neke vrste idejo,
02:25
that the poor in the world lived lives
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da revni na svetu živijo življenja,
02:27
that were wrought with suffering and sadness,
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ki so obdana s trpljenjem in žalostjo,
02:29
devastation, hopelessness.
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opustošenjem, brezupom.
02:32
And after a while, I developed what I think many of us do,
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In čez nekaj časa sem razvila, kot mislim, da mnogi,
02:34
is this predictable response,
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ta predvidljiv odziv,
02:36
where I started to feel bad every time I heard about them.
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ko sem se začela počutiti slabo vsakič, ko sem slišala o njih.
02:39
I started to feel guilty for my own relative wealth,
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Počutila sem se krivo zaradi svojega relativnega bogastva,
02:42
because I wasn't doing more, apparently, to make things better.
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ker očitno nisem počela več, da bi izboljšala stvari.
02:45
And I even felt a sense of shame because of that.
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Zaradi tega sem imela celo občutek sramu.
02:48
And so naturally,
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In tako sem se seveda
02:50
I started to distance myself.
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začela distancirati.
02:52
I stopped listening to their stories
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Nehala sem poslušati njihove zgodbe
02:54
quite as closely as I had before.
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tako pozorno, kot sem jih prej.
02:56
And I stopped expecting things to really change.
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In nehala sem pričakovati, da se bodo stvari resnično spremenile.
02:59
Now I still gave -- on the outside it looked like I was still quite involved.
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No, še vedno sem dajala. Na zunaj je izgledalo, kot da sem še vedno zelo angažirana.
03:02
I gave of my time and my money,
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Dajala sem svoj čas in svoj denar.
03:04
I gave when solutions were on sale.
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Dajala sem, ko so bile rešitve na razprodaji.
03:06
The cost of a cup of coffee can save a child's life, right.
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Cena skodelice kave lahko reši življenje otroka, prav.
03:08
I mean who can argue with that?
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Mislim, kdo lahko temu nasprotuje?
03:10
I gave when I was cornered, when it was difficult to avoid
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Dajala sem, ko sem bila stisnjena v kot, ko se je bilo težko izogniti,
03:13
and I gave, in general, when the negative emotions built up enough
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in dajala sem, na splošno, ko se je nabralo dovolj negativnih čustev,
03:16
that I gave to relieve my own suffering,
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da sem dajala, da bi omilila lastno trpljenje,
03:18
not someone else's.
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ne trpljenje koga drugega.
03:20
The truth be told, I was giving out of that place,
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Če sem iskrena, sem dajala samo zaradi tega,
03:23
not out of a genuine place of hope
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ne zaradi pravega upanja
03:26
and excitement to help and of generosity.
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in vznemirjenja zaradi pomaganja in velikodušnosti.
03:28
It became a transaction for me,
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Zame je to postala transakcija,
03:30
became sort of a trade.
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neke vrste trgovina.
03:32
I was purchasing something --
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Nekaj sem kupovala.
03:34
I was buying my right to go on with my day
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Kupovala sem si pravico, da nadaljujem s svojim življenjem,
03:37
and not necessarily be bothered by this bad news.
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ne da bi se vznemirjala zaradi teh slabih novic.
03:40
And I think the way that we go through that sometimes
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In mislim, da način, kako včasih gremo skozi to,
03:43
can, first of all,
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lahko, v prvi vrsti,
03:45
disembody a group of people, individuals out there in the world.
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raztelesi skupino ljudi, posameznike tam zunaj v svetu.
03:48
And it can also turn into a commodity,
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Lahko pa se spremeni tudi v blago,
03:50
which is a very scary thing.
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kar je zelo zastrašujoče.
03:52
So as I did this, and as I think many of us do this,
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In ko sem to počela, in mislim da nas veliko počne to,
03:55
we kind of buy our distance,
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na nek način si kupimo distanco,
03:57
we kind of buy our right to go on with our day.
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na nek način si kupimo pravico, da živimo svoje življenje.
03:59
I think that exchange can actually get in the way of the very thing that we want most.
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In mislim, da je ta izmenjava dejansko lahko v napoto stvari, ki si jo najbolj želimo.
04:02
It can get in the way of our desire
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Lahko zavira naše hrepenenje,
04:04
to really be meaningful and useful in another person's life
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da smo pomembni in koristni v življenju drugega
04:07
and, in short to love.
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in da, na kratko, ljubimo.
04:10
Thankfully, a few years ago, things shifted for me
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Na srečo so se pred nekaj leti stvari zame spremenile,
04:12
because I heard this gentleman speak, Dr. Muhammad Yunus.
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ker sem slišala govor tega gospoda, dr. Muhammada Yunusa.
04:15
I know many in the room probably know exactly who he is,
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Vem, da vas mnogo tukaj točno ve, kdo je,
04:18
but to give the shorthand version
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vendar, če povem krajšo verzijo
04:20
for any who have not heard him speak,
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za vsakogar, ki ni slišal njegovega govora,
04:22
Dr. Yunus won the Nobel Peace Prize a few years ago
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dr. Yunus je pred nekaj leti dobil Nobelovo nagrado za mir
04:24
for his work pioneering modern microfinance.
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za svoje pionirsko delo na področju mikrofinanciranja.
04:27
When I heard him speak, it was three years before that.
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Jaz sem ga poslušala tri leta pred tem.
04:30
But basically, microfinance -- if this is new to you as well --
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V bistvu, mikro finance -- če vam je tudi to novo --
04:33
think of that as financial services for the poor.
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so neka vrsta finančnih storitev za revne.
04:35
Think of all the things you get at your bank
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Pomislite na vse, kar vam nudijo v vaši banki,
04:37
and imagine those products and services
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in si predstavljajte te produkte in storitve,
04:39
tailored to the needs of someone living on a few dollars a day.
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prilagojene potrebam nekoga, ki živi z nekaj dolarji na dan.
04:41
Dr. Yunus shared his story,
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Dr. Yunus je delil svojo zgodbo,
04:43
explaining what that was,
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razlagajoč, kaj je to,
04:45
and what he had done with his Grameen Bank.
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in kaj je naredil s svojo banko Grameen (Vaška banka).
04:47
He also talked about, in particular, microlending,
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Še posebej je govoril o mikro posojilih,
04:49
which is a tiny loan
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ki so majčkena posojila,
04:51
that could help someone start or grow a business.
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ki lahko nekomu pomagajo, da začne ali poveča svoj posel.
04:53
Now, when I heard him speak, it was exciting for a number of reasons.
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Ko sem ga slišala govoriti, je bilo razburljivo zaradi več razlogov.
04:56
First and foremost, I learned about this new method of change in the world
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V prvi vrsti zato, ker sem se naučila nove metode za spremembo sveta,
04:59
that, for once, showed me, maybe,
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ki mi je mogoče končno pokazala,
05:01
a way to interact with someone
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kako z nekom sodelovati
05:03
and to give, to share of a resource in a way that wasn't weird
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in kako dajati, deliti vire na način, ki ni čuden
05:05
and didn't make me feel bad --
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in zaradi katerega se ne počutim slabo.
05:08
that was exciting.
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To je bil razburljivo.
05:10
But more importantly, he told stories about the poor
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Kar je pa še pomembneje, pripovedoval je zgodbe o revnih,
05:13
that were different than any stories I had heard before.
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ki so bile drugačne od zgodb, ki sem jih slišala dotlej.
05:15
In fact, those individuals he talked about who were poor was sort of a side note.
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V bistvu je le mimogrede povedal, da so posamezniki, o katerih je govoril, revni.
05:19
He was talking about strong, smart,
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Govoril je o močnih, pametnih,
05:21
hardworking entrepreneurs who woke up every day
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delavnih podjetnikih, ki so vsak dan vstali
05:24
and were doing things to make their lives and their family's lives better.
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in so počeli stvari, da bi izboljšali življenje zase in za svoje družine.
05:27
All they needed to do that more quickly and to do it better
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Vse, kar so potrebovali, da bi to počeli hitreje in bolje,
05:30
was a little bit of capital.
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je bilo malo kapitala.
05:32
It was an amazing sort of insight for me.
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To je bilo zame osupljivo spoznanje.
05:34
And I, in fact, was so deeply moved by this --
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Bila sem dejansko tako globoko ganjena,
05:36
it's hard to express now how much that affected me --
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težko je izraziti, kako se me je to dotaknilo,
05:39
but I was so moved that I actually quit my job a few weeks later,
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a bila sem tako ganjena, da sem čez nekaj tednov dala odpoved v službi
05:42
and I moved to East Africa
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in se preselila v vzhodno Afriko,
05:44
to try to see for myself what this was about.
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da bi na lastne oči videla, za kaj gre.
05:46
For the first time, actually, in a long time
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In prvič po dolgem času
05:48
I wanted to meet those individuals, I wanted to meet these entrepreneurs,
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sem si želela srečati te posameznike, želela sem srečati te podjetnike,
05:51
and see for myself what their lives were actually about.
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in sama videti, kako v resnici živijo.
05:54
So I spent three months in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania
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Tako sem tri mesece v Keniji, Ugandi in Tanzaniji
05:57
interviewing entrepreneurs that had received 100 dollars
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intervjuvala podjetnike, ki so prejeli 100 dolarjev
05:59
to start or grow a business.
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za zagon ali povečanje posla.
06:01
And in fact, through those interactions,
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In skozi te stike sem se dejansko
06:03
for the first time, I was starting to get to be friends
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prvič spoprijateljila z nekaterimi
06:05
with some of those people in that big amorphous group out there
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od ljudi v tej veliki brezlični skupini tam zunaj,
06:08
that was supposed to be far away.
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ki bi naj bila daleč stran.
06:11
I was starting to be friends and get to know their personal stories.
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Spoznavala sem njih in njihove osebne zgodbe.
06:14
And over and over again,
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In vedno znova,
06:16
as I interviewed them and spent my days with them,
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ko sem jih intervjuvala in preživljala dneve z njimi,
06:18
I did hear stories of life change
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sem slišala zgodbe o spremembah življenja
06:20
and amazing little details of change.
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in čudovitih majhnih podrobnostih teh sprememb.
06:22
So I would hear from goat herders
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Tako sem slišala od pastirjev koz,
06:24
who had used that money that they had received to buy a few more goats.
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ki so denar, ki so ga prejeli, porabili za nakup nekaj novih koz.
06:27
Their business trajectory would change.
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Njihova poslovna pot se je spremenila.
06:29
They would make a little bit more money;
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Zaslužili so nekaj več denarja.
06:31
their standard of living
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Njihov življenjski standard
06:33
would shift and would get better.
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se je spremenil in izboljšal.
06:35
And they would make really interesting little adjustments in their lives,
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In naredili so nekaj res zanimivih majhnih sprememb v svojih življenjih,
06:38
like they would start to send their children to school.
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na primer, začeli so pošiljati svoje otroke v šolo.
06:40
They might be able to buy mosquito nets.
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Lahko so si kupili mreže proti komarjem.
06:42
Maybe they could afford a lock for the door and feel secure.
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Mogoče so si lahko privoščili ključavnico za vrata in se počutili varne.
06:45
Maybe it was just that they could put sugar in their tea
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Mogoče so si lahko privoščili le sladkor za čaj,
06:47
and offer that to me when I came as their guest
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ki so mi ga ponudili, ko sem prišla v goste,
06:49
and that made them feel proud.
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in zaradi tega so bili ponosni.
06:51
But there were these beautiful details, even if I talked to 20 goat herders in a row,
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Vendar so bile to čudovite podrobnosti, tudi če sem govorila z 20 kozjimi pastirji zapored,
06:54
and some days that's what happened --
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kar se je ob nekaterih dnevih dogajalo --
06:56
these beautiful details of life change
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čudovite podrobnosti o spremembah življenj,
06:58
that were meaningful to them.
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ki so jim toliko pomenile.
07:00
That was another thing that really touched me.
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To je bila še ena stvar, ki se me je resnično dotaknila.
07:02
It was really humbling to see for the first time,
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Res sem se počutila ponižno, ko sem prvič videla,
07:04
to really understand
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resnično razumela,
07:06
that even if I could have taken a magic wand and fixed everything,
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da, tudi če bi lahko s čarobno palico vse popravila,
07:09
I probably would have gotten a lot wrong.
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bi najbrž naredila veliko stvari narobe.
07:11
Because the best way for people to change their lives
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Ker je najboljši način, na katerega lahko ljudje spremenijo svoja življenja, ta,
07:14
is for them to have control and to do that in a way that they believe is best for them.
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da imajo nadzor in da to storijo na način, za katerega verjamejo, da je najboljši za njih.
07:17
So I saw that and it was very humbling.
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To sem torej videla in se počutila ponižno.
07:20
Anyway, another interesting thing happened while I was there.
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Kakorkoli, medtem ko sem bila tam, se je zgodilo še nekaj zanimivega.
07:23
I never once was asked for a donation,
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Niti enkrat samkrat me niso prosili za prispevek,
07:26
which had kind of been my mode, right.
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kar je bil moj način delovanja, kajne.
07:28
There's poverty, you give money to help --
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Tam je revščina, daš denar, da pomagaš.
07:30
no one asked me for a donation.
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Nihče me ni prosil za prispevek.
07:32
In fact, no one wanted me to feel bad for them at all.
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V bistvu nihče ni želel, da se mi smilijo.
07:35
If anything, they just wanted to be able to do more of what they were doing already
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Želeli so le, da bi lahko počeli več tega, kar so že počeli,
07:37
and to build on their own capabilities.
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in da bi nadgrajevali svoje sposobnosti.
07:39
So what I did hear, once in a while,
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Kar pa sem slišala, vsake toliko, je,
07:41
was that people wanted a loan --
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da so si želeli posojilo --
07:43
I thought that sounded very reasonable and really exciting.
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zdelo se mi je, da je to zelo razumno in resnično vznemirljivo.
07:46
And by the way, I was a philosophy and poetry major in school,
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In mimogrede, študirala sem filozofijo in poezijo,
07:49
so I didn't know the difference between profit and revenue when I went to East Africa.
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tako da nisem poznala razlike med dobičkom in prihodkom, ko sem šla v vzhodno Afriko.
07:52
I just got this impression that the money would work.
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Le zdelo se mi je, da bi denar deloval.
07:55
And my introduction to business
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In moj uvod v posel
07:57
was in these $100 little infuses of capital.
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so bile te majhne 100-dolarske infuzije kapitala.
08:00
And I learned about profit and revenue, about leverage, all sorts of things,
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Naučila sem se o dobičku in prihodkih, o vzvodih, vse sorte,
08:03
from farmers, from seamstresses, from goat herders.
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od kmetov, šivilj, kozjih pastirjev.
08:06
So this idea
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Tako je ta ideja,
08:08
that these new stories of business and hope
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da bi te zgodbe o poslih in upanju
08:11
might be shared with my friends and family,
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lahko delila s svojimi prijatelji in družino
08:13
and through that, maybe we could get some of the money that they needed
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in da bi na ta način mogoče zbrali nekaj denarja, ki so ga potrebovali,
08:17
to be able to continue their businesses as loans,
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da bi nadaljevali svoje posle, kot posojila,
08:20
that's this little idea that turned into Kiva.
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to je ta majhna ideja, ki se je spremenila v Kivo.
08:22
A few months later, I went back to Uganda
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Čez nekaj mesecev sem se vrnila v Ugando
08:24
with a digital camera and a basic website
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z digitalnim fotoaparatom in osnovno spletno stranjo,
08:27
that my partner, Matthew, and I had kind of built,
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ki sva jo postavila skupaj z mojim partnerjem, Matthewjem,
08:29
and took pictures of seven of my new friends,
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in fotografirala sedem mojih novih prijateljev,
08:32
posted their stories, these stories of entrepreneurship, up on the website,
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objavila njihove zgodbe, te zgodbe podjetništva, na spletni strani,
08:36
spammed friends and family and said, "We think this is legal.
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zasipala z elektronsko pošto prijatelje in družino in rekla: "Mislimo, da je to zakonito.
08:38
Haven't heard back yet from SEC on all the details,
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Komisija za vrednostne papirje in borzo (SEC) nam še ni odgovorila z vsemi podrobnostmi,
08:41
but do you say, do you want to help participate in this,
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ampak, ali bi želeli sodelovati v tem,
08:43
provide the money that they need?"
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bi priskrbeli denar, ki ga potrebujejo?"
08:45
The money came in basically overnight.
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Denar je prišel v bistvu čez noč.
08:47
We sent it over to Uganda.
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Poslali smo ga v Ugando.
08:49
And over the next six months, a beautiful thing happened;
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In v naslednjih šestih mesecih se je zgodilo nekaj prelepega;
08:51
the entrepreneurs received the money,
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podjetniki so prejeli denar,
08:53
they were paid, and their businesses, in fact, grew,
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bili so plačani in njihovi posli so dejansko rasli,
08:56
and they were able to support themselves
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in bili so se sposobni sami preživljati
08:58
and change the trajectory of their lives.
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in spremeniti smer svojih življenj.
09:01
In October of '05,
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Oktobra 2005,
09:03
after those first seven loans were paid,
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po tem, ko je bilo izplačanih prvih sedem posojil,
09:05
Matt and I took the word beta off of the site.
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sva z Mattom s spletne strani umaknila besedo beta.
09:07
We said, "Our little experiment has been a success.
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Rekla sva: "Najin mali eksperiment je bil uspešen.
09:09
Let's start for real." That was our official launch.
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Začniva zares." To je bil naš uradni začetek.
09:12
And then that first year, October '05 through '06,
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In to prvo leto, od oktobra 2005 skozi 2006,
09:14
Kiva facilitated $500,000 in loans.
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je Kiva priskrbela 500.000 $ posojil.
09:17
The second year, it was a total of 15 million.
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Drugo leto jih je bilo skupaj za 15 milijonov.
09:20
The third year, the total was up to around 40.
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Tretje leto jih je bilo skupaj že okoli 40.
09:22
The fourth year, we were just short of 100.
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Četrto leto le nekaj manj kot 100.
09:24
And today, less than five years in,
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In danes, po manj kot petih letih,
09:26
Kiva's facilitated
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je Kiva omogočila
09:28
more than 150 million dollars, in little 25-dollar bits,
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več kot 150 milijonov dolarjev v majhnih 25-dolarskih koščkih
09:31
from lenders and entrepreneurs --
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od posojilodajalcev in podjetnikov --
09:33
more than a million of those, collectively in 200 countries.
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več kot milijon le-teh, skupaj v 200 državah.
09:35
So that's where Kiva is today, just to bring you right up to the present.
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Tu je torej Kiva danes, da vas prestavimo v sedanjost.
09:38
And while those numbers and those statistics
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In čeprav je o teh številkah in teh statistikah
09:40
are really fun to talk about and they're interesting,
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res zabavno govoriti in so zanimive,
09:43
to me, Kiva's really about stories.
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gre zame pri Kivi v resnici za zgodbe.
09:46
It's about retelling
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Gre za ponovno pripovedovanje
09:48
the story of the poor,
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zgodbe o revnih
09:50
and it's about giving ourselves
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in za dajanje priložnosti
09:52
an opportunity to engage
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nam samim, da se pridružimo na način,
09:54
that validates their dignity,
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ki potrdi njihovo dostojanstvo,
09:56
validates a partnership relationship,
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potrdi partnersko razmerje,
09:58
not a relationship that's based
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in ne razmerje, ki temelji
10:00
on the traditional sort of donor beneficiary
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na tradicionalnem odnosu med donatorjem in prejemnikom,
10:03
weirdness that can happen.
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ki je lahko neprijeten.
10:05
But instead a relationship that can promote respect
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Namesto tega je razmerje, ki podpira spoštovanje
10:08
and hope
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in upanje
10:10
and this optimism
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in ta optimizem,
10:12
that together we can move forward.
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da skupaj lahko gremo naprej.
10:15
So what I hope is that,
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Kar upam, je torej,
10:17
not only can the money keep flowing forth through Kiva --
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ne samo, da bo denar še naprej tekel skozi Kivo --
10:19
that's a very positive and meaningful thing --
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to je zelo pozitivna in pomembna stvar --
10:21
but I hope Kiva can blur those lines, like I said,
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ampak upam, da bo Kiva lahko zameglila meje, kot sem rekla,
10:23
between the traditional rich and poor categories
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med tradicionalnimi kategorijami bogatih in revnih,
10:25
that we're taught to see in the world,
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ki nas jih učijo videti v svetu,
10:27
this false dichotomy of us and them, have and have not.
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to lažno dihotomijo nas in njih, imeti in ne imeti.
10:30
I hope that Kiva can blur those lines.
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Upam, da bo Kiva lahko zameglila te meje.
10:32
Because as that happens,
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Ker, ko se to zgodi,
10:34
I think we can feel free to interact
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mislim, da bomo lahko sodelovali
10:36
in a way that's more open, more just and more creative,
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na način, ki je bolj odprt, bolj pravičen in bolj ustvarjalen,
10:39
to engage with each other and to help each other.
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da bomo medsebojno sodelovali in pomagali drug drugemu.
10:42
Imagine how you feel
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Prestavljajte si, kako se počutite,
10:44
when you see somebody on street who is begging
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ko vidite nekoga na ulici, ki berači,
10:47
and you're about to approach them.
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in se mu boste pravkar približali.
10:49
Imagine how you feel;
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Predstavljajte si, kako se počutite.
10:51
and then imagine the difference when you might see somebody
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In potem si predstavljajte razliko, ko morda vidite nekoga,
10:53
who has a story of entrepreneurship and hard work
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ki ima zgodbo podjetništva in trdega dela,
10:56
who wants to tell you about their business.
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ki vam želi govoriti o svojem poslu.
10:59
Maybe they're smiling, and they want to talk to you about what they've done.
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Mogoče se smejijo in vam želijo povedati, kaj so naredili.
11:02
Imagine if you're speaking with somebody
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Predstavljajte si, da se pogovarjate z nekom,
11:04
who's growing things and making them flourish,
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ki goji stvari in skrbi, da uspevajo,
11:07
somebody who's using their talents
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nekom, ki uporablja svoje talente,
11:10
to do something productive,
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da počne nekaj produktivnega,
11:12
somebody who's built their own business from scratch,
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nekom, ki je postavil svoj posel iz ničesar,
11:15
someone who is surrounded by abundance,
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nekom, ki je obkrožen z obiljem,
11:17
not scarcity,
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ne z redkostjo,
11:19
who's in fact creating abundance,
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ki v bistvu ustvarja obilje,
11:21
somebody with full hands with something to offer,
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nekom s polnimi rokami nečesa, kar lahko ponudi,
11:24
not empty hands
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ne s praznimi rokami,
11:26
asking for you to give them something.
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ki prosijo, da jim nekaj daste.
11:29
Imagine if you could hear a story you didn't expect
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Predstavljajte si, da lahko slišite zgodbo, ki je niste pričakovali,
11:31
of somebody who wakes up every day
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o nekom, ki se vsako jutro zbudi,
11:33
and works very, very hard to make their life better.
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in zelo zelo trdo dela, da izboljša svoje življenje.
11:36
These stories can really change the way that we think about each other.
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Te zgodbe lahko resnično spremenijo način, kako razmišljamo drug o drugem.
11:39
And if we can catalyze
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In če lahko kataliziramo
11:41
a supportive community to come around these individuals
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skupnost, ki podpira te posameznike,
11:44
and to participate in their story
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in sodeluje v njihovih zgodbah,
11:46
by lending a little bit of money,
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s tem, da jim posoja nekaj denarja,
11:48
I think that can change the way we believe in each other
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mislim, da to lahko spremeni način, kako verjamemo drug v drugega
11:50
and each other's potential.
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in v naše potenciale.
11:52
Now for me, Kiva is just the beginning.
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Zame je Kiva samo začetek.
11:54
And as I look forward to what is next,
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In ko se veselim tega, kar sledi,
11:56
it's been helpful to reflect on the things I've learned so far.
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je pomagalo, da razmislim o stvareh, ki sem se jih naučila do zdaj.
11:59
The first one is, as I mentioned, entrepreneurship was a new idea to me.
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Prvič, kot sem omenila, podjetništvo je bila zame nova ideja.
12:02
Kiva borrowers, as I interviewed them and got to know them over the last few years,
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Kivini posojilojemalci, ki sem jih intervjuvala in jih spoznala v zadnjih letih,
12:05
have taught me what entrepreneurship is.
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so me naučili, kaj je podjetništvo.
12:07
And I think, at its core, it's deciding that you want your life to be better.
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In mislim, da je v njegovem jedru odločitev, da si želiš boljše življenje.
12:10
You see an opportunity
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Vidiš priložnost
12:12
and you decide what you're going to do to try to seize that.
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in se odločiš, da jo boš poskusil izkoristiti.
12:14
In short, it's deciding that tomorrow can better than today
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Skratka, je odločitev, da je lahko jutri boljši kot danes
12:16
and going after that.
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in sledenje temu.
12:18
Second thing that I've learned is that loans are a very interesting tool for connectivity.
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Druga stvar, ki sem se je naučila, je, da so posojila zelo zanimivo orodje za povezovanje.
12:21
So they're not a donation.
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Torej niso donacije.
12:23
Yeah, maybe it doesn't sound that much different.
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Ja, mogoče se ne sliši tako drugače.
12:25
But in fact, when you give something to someone
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Vendar v resnici, ko nekomu nekaj daste,
12:27
and they say, "Thanks," and let you know how things go,
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in vam rečejo: "Hvala," in vam javijo, kako stvari tečejo,
12:29
that's one thing.
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to je ena stvar.
12:31
When you lend them money, and they slowly pay you back over time,
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Ko jim posodite denar in vam ga s časom počasi vračajo,
12:34
you have this excuse to have an ongoing dialogue.
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imate izgovor, da imate trajen dialog.
12:36
This continued attention -- this ongoing attention --
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Ta neprekinjena pozornost, ta neprestana pozornost
12:38
is a really big deal
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je res pomembna
12:40
to build different kinds of relationships among us.
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za izgradnjo različnih odnosov med nami.
12:43
And then third, from what I've heard from the entrepreneurs I've gotten to know,
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In tretjič, glede na to, kar sem slišala o podjetnikov, ki sem jih spoznala,
12:46
when all else is equal,
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ko je vse drugo nespremenjeno,
12:48
given the option to have just money to do what you need to do,
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če imate na izbiro, da dobite samo denar, da naredite, kar želite,
12:51
or money plus the support and encouragement
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ali denar in podporo in vzpodbudo
12:54
of a global community,
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globalne skupnosti,
12:56
people choose the community plus the money.
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ljudje izberejo skupnost in denar.
12:58
That's a much more meaningful combination, a more powerful combination.
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Je veliko bolj pomembna kombinacija, veliko močnejša kombinacija.
13:01
So with that in mind, this particular incident
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S tem v mislih me je en dogodek
13:03
has led to the things that I'm working on now.
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vodil do stvari, na katerih delam zdaj.
13:06
I see entrepreneurs everywhere now, now that I'm tuned into this.
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Sedaj podjetnike vidim povsod, sedaj, ko sem v tem.
13:08
And one thing that I've seen
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In ena stvar, ki sem jo videla,
13:10
is there are a lot of supportive communities that already exist in the world.
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je, da na svetu že obstaja veliko podpornih skupnosti.
13:12
With social networks,
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Družabna omrežja
13:14
it's an amazing way, growing the number of people that we all have around us
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so čudovit način, ki hitro povečuje število ljudi, ki nas obkrožajo
13:17
in our own supportive communities, rapidly.
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v naših lastnih podpornih skupnostih.
13:20
And so, as I have been thinking about this,
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In ko sem tako razmišljala o tem,
13:22
I've been wondering: how can we engage these supportive communities
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sem se spraševala: kako lahko pritegnemo te podporne skupnosti,
13:25
to catalyze even more entrepreneurial ideas
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da katalizirajo še več podjetniških idej
13:27
and to catalyze all of us
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in da katalizirajo vse nas,
13:29
to make tomorrow better than today?
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da naredimo jutri boljši od danes?
13:32
As I've researched what's going on in the United States,
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Ko sem raziskovala, kaj se dogaja v Združenih državah,
13:34
a few interesting little insights have come up.
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sem naletela na nekaj zanimivih spoznanj.
13:36
So one is that, of course, as we all might expect,
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Eno je, da, seveda, kot bi lahko pričakovali,
13:39
many small businesses in the U.S. and all over the world
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mnogo malih podjetij v ZDA in povsod po svetu
13:41
still need money to grow and to do more of what they want to do
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še vedno potrebuje denar, da bi rasla in da bi počela več tega, kar želijo početi,
13:44
or they might need money during a hard month.
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ali pa bi morda potrebovala denar v težkih časih.
13:46
But there's always a need for resources close by.
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A vedno obstaja potreba po virih blizu nas.
13:49
Another thing is, it turns out,
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Druga stvar je, da se je pokazalo,
13:51
those resources don't usually come from the places you might expect --
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da ti viri ponavadi ne pridejo od tam, od koder bi pričakovali --
13:54
banks, venture capitalists,
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bank, kapitalistov s tveganimi naložbami,
13:56
other organizations and support structures --
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drugih organizacij in podpornih struktur --
13:58
they come from friends and family.
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pridejo od prijateljev in družine.
14:00
Some statistics say 85 percent or more of funding for small businesses
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Neki statistični podatki pravijo, da 85 odstotkov ali več sredstev za mala podjetja
14:02
comes from friends and family.
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prihaja od prijateljev in družin.
14:04
That's around 130 billion dollars a year --
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To je okoli 130 milijard dolarjev na leto.
14:06
it's a lot.
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To je veliko.
14:08
And third, so as people are doing this friends and family fundraising process,
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In tretje, ko ljudje zbirajo denar med prijatelji in v družini,
14:11
it's very awkward, people don't know exactly what to ask for,
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je zelo nerodno, ljudje ne vedo točno, po čem naj sprašujejo,
14:13
how to ask, what to promise in return,
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kako naj sprašujejo, kaj naj obljubijo v zameno,
14:15
even though they have the best of intentions
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čeprav imajo najboljše namene
14:17
and want to thank those people that are supporting them.
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in se želijo zahvaliti ljudem, ki jih podpirajo.
14:20
So to harness the power of these supportive communities in a new way
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Da bi izkoristili moč teh podpornih skupnosti na nov način
14:23
and to allow entrepreneurs to decide for themselves
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in da bi omogočili podjetnikom, da se sami odločijo,
14:25
exactly what that financial exchange should look like,
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kako točno bi naj ta finančna izmenjava izgledala,
14:27
exactly what fits them and the people around them,
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kaj točno ustreza njim in ljudem okoli njih,
14:30
this week actually,
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ravno ta teden
14:32
we're quietly doing a launch of Profounder,
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po tihem zaganjamo Profounder,
14:34
which is a crowd funding platform for small businesses to raise what they need
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ki je platforma za zbiranje denarja za mala podjetja, da bi zbrali potrebna sredstva
14:37
through investments from their friends and family.
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skozi investicije svojih prijateljev in družin.
14:39
And it's investments, not donations, not loans,
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In gre za investicije, ne donacije ali posojila,
14:41
but investments that have a dynamic return.
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investicije, ki imajo dinamično povračilo.
14:43
So the mapping of participating in the story,
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Načrtovanje udeležbe v zgodbi torej
14:45
it actually flows with the up and down.
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dejansko teče z vzponi in padci.
14:47
So in short, it's a do-it-yourself tool
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Skratka, gre za naredi-si-sam orodje
14:50
for small businesses to raise these funds.
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za mala podjetja za zbiranje kapitala.
14:52
And what you can do is go onto the site, create a profile,
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In kar lahko naredite, je, da greste na spletno stran, si naredite profil
14:55
create investment terms in a really easy way.
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in izdelate pogoje za investiranje na res enostaven način.
14:57
We make it really, really simple for me
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Zelo preprosto je zame,
14:59
as well as anyone else who wants to use the site.
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kot tudi za vse, ki želijo uporabiti spletno stran.
15:01
And we allow entrepreneurs to share a percentage of their revenues.
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In podjetnikom omogočamo, da delijo del svojih prihodkov.
15:03
They can raise up to a million dollars
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Zberejo lahko do milijona dolarjev
15:05
from an unlimited number of unaccredited, unsophisticated investors --
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od neomejenega števila nepoučenih, neizkušenih vlagateljev --
15:08
everyday people, heaven forbid --
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vsakodnevnih ljudi, bog se usmili --
15:10
and they can share those returns over time --
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in lahko delijo ta povračila skozi čas --
15:12
again, whatever terms they set.
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pod kakršnimi koli pogoji, ki so jih postavili.
15:14
As investors choose to become involved
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Ko se vlagatelji odločajo za sodelovanje
15:16
based on those terms,
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na podlagi teh pogojev,
15:18
they can either take their rewards back as cash,
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lahko svoje nagrade vzamejo kot denar,
15:20
or they can decide in advance
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ali pa se že vnaprej odločijo,
15:22
to give those returns away to a non-profit.
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da bodo povračila podarili neprofitni organizaciji.
15:24
So they can be a cash, or a cause, investor.
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Lahko so torej vlagatelji za denar ali za dobri namen.
15:27
It's my hope that this kind of tool can show anybody who has an idea
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Moje upanje je, da lahko takšno orodje pokaže komur koli, ki ima idejo,
15:30
a path to go do what they want to do in the world
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pot, kako početi stvari, ki jih želi,
15:32
and to gather the people around them that they already have,
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in da zbere okoli sebe ljudi, ki jih že ima,
15:34
the people that know them best
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ljudi, ki jih najbolje pozna,
15:36
and that love them and want to support them,
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in ki ga imajo radi in ga hočejo podpreti,
15:38
to gather them to make this happen.
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da jih zbere, da to doseže.
15:40
So that's what I'm working on now.
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Na tem delam sedaj.
15:42
And to close, I just want to say, look these are tools.
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In za konec želim reči le, poglejte, to so orodja.
15:44
Right now, Profounder's right at the very beginning,
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Trenutno je Profounder na samem začetku
15:46
and it's very palpable; it's very clear to me, that it's just a vessel, it's just a tool.
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in jasno mi je, da je to samo sredstvo, samo orodje.
15:49
What we need are for people to care, to actually go use it,
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Kar potrebujemo, je, da je ljudem mar, da ga dejansko uporabljajo,
15:52
just like they've cared enough to use Kiva
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tako kot jim je dovolj mar, da uporabljajo Kivo,
15:54
to make those connections.
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da ustvarjajo te povezave.
15:56
But the good news is I don't think I need to stand here and convince you to care --
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A dobra novica je, da mislim, da mi ni treba tukaj stati in vas prepričevati, naj vam bo mar.
15:58
I'm not even going to try.
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Ne bom niti poskušala.
16:00
I don't think, even though we often hear,
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Ne mislim, čeprav pogosto slišimo,
16:02
you know, hear the ethical and moral reasons,
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saj veste, slišimo etične in moralne razloge,
16:04
the religious reasons,
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religiozne razloge,
16:06
"Here's why caring and giving will make you happier."
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"Poglejte, zakaj vas bo skrb in dajanje naredilo srečnejše."
16:09
I don't think we need to be convinced of that. I think we know;
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Mislim, da nas ni treba prepričevati v to. Mislim, da vemo.
16:12
in fact, I think we know so much,
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Pravzaprav, mislim, da toliko vemo
16:14
and it's such a reality
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in da je tako resnično,
16:16
that we care so deeply,
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da nam je tako zelo mar,
16:18
that in fact, what usually stops us
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da je tisto, kar nas običajno ustavi, v bistvu to,
16:20
is that we're afraid to try and to mess up,
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da nas je strah poskusiti, da ne bi zameštrali,
16:22
because we care so very much about helping each other
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ker nam je tako zelo mar, da pomagamo drug drugemu
16:24
and being meaningful in each other's lives.
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in da smo pomembni drug drugemu v naših življenjih.
16:27
So what I think I can do today,
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To, kar mislim, da lahko naredim danes,
16:30
that best thing I can give you --
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najboljše, kar vam lahko dam --
16:32
I've given you my story, which is the best I can do.
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dala sem vam svojo zgodbo, kar je najboljše, kar zmorem.
16:34
And I think I can remind us that we do care.
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In mislim, da nas lahko spomnim, da nam je mar.
16:37
I think we all already know that.
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Mislim, da to že vemo.
16:39
And I think we know that love is resilient enough
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In mislim, da vemo, da je ljubezen dovolj odporna,
16:42
for us to get out there and try.
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da gremo in poskusimo.
16:45
Just a sec.
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Samo trenutek.
16:51
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
16:53
Thanks.
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Hvala.
16:55
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
17:05
Thanks.
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Hvala.
17:07
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
17:09
For me, the best way to be inspired to try
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Zame je najboljši način za navdih, da poskusim,
17:12
is to stop and to listen
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to, da se ustavim in poslušam
17:14
to someone else's story.
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zgodbo nekoga.
17:16
And I'm grateful that I've gotten to do that here at TED.
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In hvaležna sem, da sem to lahko naredila tukaj na TED.
17:19
And I'm grateful that whenever I do that,
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In hvaležna sem, da kadarkoli to naredim,
17:22
guaranteed, I am inspired --
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sem zagotovo navdihnjena,
17:24
I am inspired by the person I am listening to.
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navdihne me oseba, ki jo poslušam.
17:27
And I believe more and more every time I listen
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In vedno bolj in bolj verjamem, vsakič, ko poslušam,
17:30
in that that person's potential to do great things in the world
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v potencial te osebe, da bo naredila velike stvari na svetu
17:33
and in my own potential to maybe help.
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in v svoj potencial, da lahko mogoče pomagam.
17:36
And that --
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In to --
17:38
forget the tools, forget the moving around of resources --
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pozabite orodja, pozabite prerazporejanje virov --
17:40
that stuff's easy.
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to je lahko.
17:42
Believing in each other,
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Verjeti drug v drugega,
17:44
really being sure when push comes to shove
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resnično biti prepričan, ko stvari postanejo težke,
17:46
that each one of us can do amazing things in the world,
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da lahko vsakdo izmed nas počne čudovite stvari na svetu,
17:49
that is what can make our stories into love stories
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to lahko spremeni naše zgodbe v zgodbe ljubezni
17:52
and our collective story
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in našo skupno zgodbo
17:54
into one that continually perpetuates hope
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v takšno, ki nepretrgoma ohranja upanje
17:56
and good things for all of us.
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in dobre stvari za vse nas.
17:58
So that, this belief in each other,
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Tako da ta vera enih v druge,
18:00
knowing that without a doubt
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vedoč to brez dvoma
18:02
and practicing that every day in whatever you do,
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in prakticiranje tega vsak dan v vsem, kar počnete,
18:04
that's what I believe will change the world and make tomorrow better than today.
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to je to, kar verjamem, da bo spremenilo svet in naredilo jutri boljši od danes.
18:07
Thank you.
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Hvala.
18:09
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
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