Jessica Jackley: Poverty, money -- and love

ジェシカ・ジャクリー: 貧困、お金、そして愛

162,012 views

2010-10-18 ・ TED


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Jessica Jackley: Poverty, money -- and love

ジェシカ・ジャクリー: 貧困、お金、そして愛

162,012 views ・ 2010-10-18

TED


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翻訳: Natsuhiko Mizutani 校正: Takako Sato
00:16
The stories we tell about each other
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お互いを語り合う物語は
00:18
matter very much.
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大切です
00:21
The stories we tell ourselves about our own lives matter.
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自分の人生を語ることも大切です
00:24
And most of all,
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そして何よりも
00:26
I think the way that we participate in each other's stories
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お互いの物語にいかに関わって行くかが
00:28
is of deep importance.
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非常に大切だと思います
00:31
I was six years old
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6歳のときのこと
00:33
when I first heard stories about the poor.
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初めて 貧しい人の話を聞きました
00:35
Now I didn't hear those stories from the poor themselves,
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貧しい人から直接聞いたのではなくて
00:37
I heard them from my Sunday school teacher
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日曜学校の先生を通じて
00:40
and Jesus, kind of via my Sunday school teacher.
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キリストの話を聞いたのです
00:43
I remember learning that people who were poor
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彼らは いろんな物を必要としていると
00:46
needed something material --
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教わったことを覚えています
00:48
food, clothing, shelter -- that they didn't have.
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衣食住で困っているのです
00:50
And I also was taught, coupled with that,
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またそれと合わせて
00:53
that it was my job -- this classroom full of five and six year-old children --
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日曜学校に通う5-6歳の自分たちの務めは
00:56
it was our job, apparently, to help.
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助けることだと教わりました
00:58
This is what Jesus asked of us.
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これはキリストからのお願いなのです
01:00
And then he said, "What you do for the least of these, you do for me."
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「最も小さな者への行いは わたしへの行いである」
01:03
Now I was pretty psyched.
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私はすごく楽しみだと思い
01:05
I was very eager to be useful in the world --
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世界の役に立ちたいと思いました
01:07
I think we all have that feeling.
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誰もが感じたことのある あの感覚です
01:09
And also, it was kind of interesting that God needed help.
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神が助けを求めているとは
01:11
That was news to me,
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初耳でしたが これに貢献することが
01:13
and it felt like it was a very important thing to get to participate in.
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重要だと感じました
01:15
But I also learned very soon thereafter
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でも その後すぐにキリストが
01:17
that Jesus also said, and I'm paraphrasing,
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こんなことを言っていたと学びました
01:19
the poor would always be with us.
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貧者は常に共にいるというのです
01:21
This frustrated and confused me;
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このことには不満で困惑しました
01:23
I felt like I had been just given a homework assignment
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やるべき宿題が出されて
01:25
that I had to do, and I was excited to do,
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わくわくする課題なのに
01:27
but no matter what I would do, I would fail.
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どう頑張っても失敗すると言われては
01:30
So I felt confused, a little bit frustrated and angry,
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混乱するし 不服で腹も立ちます
01:33
like maybe I'd misunderstood something here.
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何か私が誤解しているように思えて
01:35
And I felt overwhelmed.
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気後れしてしまいました
01:37
And for the first time,
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このとき初めて
01:39
I began to fear this group of people
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貧しい人たちに対する恐れと
01:41
and to feel negative emotion towards a whole group of people.
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不快感を感じるようになりました
01:44
I imagined in my head, a kind of long line of individuals
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脳裏に浮かんだのは一列に並んだ人々が
01:47
that were never going away, that would always be with us.
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いつも付きまとうイメージです
01:49
They were always going to ask me to help them and give them things,
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救いの手や物資をいつも求め
01:52
which I was excited to do,
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私の助けたいという気持ちも
01:54
but I didn't know how it was going to work.
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どう役に立つのかがわかりません
01:56
And I didn't know what would happen when I ran out of things to give,
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差し出すものも尽きたらどうなるのでしょう
02:01
especially if the problem was never going away.
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まして 永遠に続く問題だというのです
02:03
In the years following,
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私は大人になるまで
02:05
the other stories I heard about the poor growing up
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貧困の話をいろいろ聞きましたが
02:07
were no more positive.
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暗い話ばかりでした
02:09
For example, I saw pictures and images
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例えば 悲しみにくれて苦しんでいる人たちの
02:12
frequently of sadness and suffering.
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写真や映像を見たり
02:14
I heard about things that were going wrong in the lives of the poor.
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困難に陥る貧しい人たちの話や
02:17
I heard about disease, I heard about war --
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病気や戦争の話を聞きました
02:19
they always seemed to be kind of related.
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互いにつながりがあるように見える
02:21
And in general,
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それらの話から私は
02:23
I got this sort of idea
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こんな状況であろうと理解しました
02:25
that the poor in the world lived lives
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世界中の貧しい人たちは
02:27
that were wrought with suffering and sadness,
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苦しみや悲しみや破壊や絶望が
02:29
devastation, hopelessness.
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つきまとう人生を送るのです
02:32
And after a while, I developed what I think many of us do,
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やがて 多くの人と同じように
02:34
is this predictable response,
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こんなふうに反応するようになりました
02:36
where I started to feel bad every time I heard about them.
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貧困の話を耳にするたびに可哀想に思い
02:39
I started to feel guilty for my own relative wealth,
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相対的に豊かな自分に罪悪感を覚えるのです
02:42
because I wasn't doing more, apparently, to make things better.
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十分な貢献をできていないからです
02:45
And I even felt a sense of shame because of that.
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そのために恥ずかしさも感じました
02:48
And so naturally,
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そこで自然に
02:50
I started to distance myself.
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私は距離をおくようになり
02:52
I stopped listening to their stories
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貧しい人たちの話を 以前のように
02:54
quite as closely as I had before.
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こと細かに聞かなくなりました
02:56
And I stopped expecting things to really change.
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事態が改善するとも思えなくなりました
02:59
Now I still gave -- on the outside it looked like I was still quite involved.
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でも 時間とお金を積極的に
03:02
I gave of my time and my money,
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割いているように見えたでしょう
03:04
I gave when solutions were on sale.
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買える解決策には お金を出していました
03:06
The cost of a cup of coffee can save a child's life, right.
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コーヒー1杯分のお金で
03:08
I mean who can argue with that?
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子ども1人が救えるのは事実です
03:10
I gave when I was cornered, when it was difficult to avoid
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気持ちが追いつめられたら寄付しました
03:13
and I gave, in general, when the negative emotions built up enough
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哀れみの感情が高まったときも寄付して
03:16
that I gave to relieve my own suffering,
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他の誰でもない自分の苦しみが
03:18
not someone else's.
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和らぐのです
03:20
The truth be told, I was giving out of that place,
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本当はそんな理由で寄付していました
03:23
not out of a genuine place of hope
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純粋に希望を抱いての行為ではなく
03:26
and excitement to help and of generosity.
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援助の心とか親切心でもないのです
03:28
It became a transaction for me,
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私に取って単なる取引や
03:30
became sort of a trade.
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売買に成り下がりました
03:32
I was purchasing something --
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日々を過ごす権利のような物を
03:34
I was buying my right to go on with my day
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買っていたのです
03:37
and not necessarily be bothered by this bad news.
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悲しいニュースに悩まされない権利です
03:40
And I think the way that we go through that sometimes
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悩みを切り抜けようとするあまり
03:43
can, first of all,
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なによりもまず 彼らの
03:45
disembody a group of people, individuals out there in the world.
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人間性や個性のことを忘れて
03:48
And it can also turn into a commodity,
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ある種の商品のように扱ってしまうのは
03:50
which is a very scary thing.
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実に恐ろしい振る舞いです
03:52
So as I did this, and as I think many of us do this,
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私と同じように 対処した人も多いでしょう
03:55
we kind of buy our distance,
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いわば距離を買うようなものです
03:57
we kind of buy our right to go on with our day.
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日常の暮らしを続ける権利を買うのです
03:59
I think that exchange can actually get in the way of the very thing that we want most.
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この取引は 一番望んでいるはずの
04:02
It can get in the way of our desire
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意味ある形で誰かの人生に
04:04
to really be meaningful and useful in another person's life
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役立ちたいという願いを妨げます
04:07
and, in short to love.
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つまり簡単に言えば愛の妨げになります
04:10
Thankfully, a few years ago, things shifted for me
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ありがたいことに 数年前に転機がありました
04:12
because I heard this gentleman speak, Dr. Muhammad Yunus.
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私はムハマド・ユヌス博士の講演を聞いたのです
04:15
I know many in the room probably know exactly who he is,
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多くの皆さんは彼のことをよくご存知でしょうが
04:18
but to give the shorthand version
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知らない方のために
04:20
for any who have not heard him speak,
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ごく簡単に紹介します
04:22
Dr. Yunus won the Nobel Peace Prize a few years ago
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ユヌス博士はマイクロファイナンスを
04:24
for his work pioneering modern microfinance.
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確立した功績でノーベル平和賞を受賞しました
04:27
When I heard him speak, it was three years before that.
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私が彼の話を聞いたのは受賞の3年前でした
04:30
But basically, microfinance -- if this is new to you as well --
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簡単にマイクロファイナンスを説明します
04:33
think of that as financial services for the poor.
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貧しい人のための金融サービスです
04:35
Think of all the things you get at your bank
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銀行が提供するサービスを
04:37
and imagine those products and services
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一日数ドルで暮らす人に合わせて
04:39
tailored to the needs of someone living on a few dollars a day.
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提供する仕組みです
04:41
Dr. Yunus shared his story,
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ユヌス博士は彼の物語と
04:43
explaining what that was,
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グラミン銀行で成し遂げたことを
04:45
and what he had done with his Grameen Bank.
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語りました
04:47
He also talked about, in particular, microlending,
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特に小額貸与について説明しました
04:49
which is a tiny loan
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これは小額の融資で
04:51
that could help someone start or grow a business.
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起業と事業の成長を支援するものです
04:53
Now, when I heard him speak, it was exciting for a number of reasons.
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彼の話を聞いて いくつかの理由で興奮しました
04:56
First and foremost, I learned about this new method of change in the world
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まず何より 世界を変える新しい方法を学んだのです
04:59
that, for once, showed me, maybe,
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関わり合いを持ちながら
05:01
a way to interact with someone
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資金を貸与するのは
05:03
and to give, to share of a resource in a way that wasn't weird
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無理のない方法だと知りました
05:05
and didn't make me feel bad --
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可哀想だからすることではありません
05:08
that was exciting.
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これには わくわくしました
05:10
But more importantly, he told stories about the poor
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さらに重要なことは 貧しい人についての話は
05:13
that were different than any stories I had heard before.
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これまで聞いたこともないような話でした
05:15
In fact, those individuals he talked about who were poor was sort of a side note.
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たまたま貧しいけれども
05:19
He was talking about strong, smart,
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力と知恵と熱意のある起業家が
05:21
hardworking entrepreneurs who woke up every day
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自分と家族の生活を良くするために
05:24
and were doing things to make their lives and their family's lives better.
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努力しているという話だったのです
05:27
All they needed to do that more quickly and to do it better
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それをもっと素早く 適切に実行するために
05:30
was a little bit of capital.
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彼らに必要なのは少しの資金でした
05:32
It was an amazing sort of insight for me.
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この見方には 驚かされました
05:34
And I, in fact, was so deeply moved by this --
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大きく心を動かされました
05:36
it's hard to express now how much that affected me --
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どれほど心を捉えられたのか言葉にできません
05:39
but I was so moved that I actually quit my job a few weeks later,
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とても感動したので 数週間後には仕事を辞めて
05:42
and I moved to East Africa
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東アフリカに向かい
05:44
to try to see for myself what this was about.
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自分の眼で確かめることにしました
05:46
For the first time, actually, in a long time
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人生で初めて 一人ひとりの個人と
05:48
I wanted to meet those individuals, I wanted to meet these entrepreneurs,
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会いたいと思いました 起業家たちと会って
05:51
and see for myself what their lives were actually about.
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その暮らしを 自分で確かめたかったのです
05:54
So I spent three months in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania
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ケニアとウガンダとタンザニアで3ヶ月を過ごし
05:57
interviewing entrepreneurs that had received 100 dollars
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100ドルで起業や事業拡大をした
05:59
to start or grow a business.
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起業家にインタビューしました
06:01
And in fact, through those interactions,
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そしてこれらの交流を通して
06:03
for the first time, I was starting to get to be friends
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形の見えない 遠い存在だと
06:05
with some of those people in that big amorphous group out there
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ずっと思っていた人たちと
06:08
that was supposed to be far away.
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初めて友人になりました
06:11
I was starting to be friends and get to know their personal stories.
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友達になって一人ずつの話を知りました
06:14
And over and over again,
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そしてインタビューを何度も
06:16
as I interviewed them and spent my days with them,
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繰り返して 彼らと過ごす日々の中で
06:18
I did hear stories of life change
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人生が変化した話を
06:20
and amazing little details of change.
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細部にわたって聴きました
06:22
So I would hear from goat herders
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融資でヤギを数頭買ったという
06:24
who had used that money that they had received to buy a few more goats.
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ヤギ飼いの話を聞くのです
06:27
Their business trajectory would change.
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商売を軌道に乗せて
06:29
They would make a little bit more money;
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もう少しの収入を得ると
06:31
their standard of living
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生活水準を高めて
06:33
would shift and would get better.
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より良い暮らしを送れます
06:35
And they would make really interesting little adjustments in their lives,
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暮らしの中の小さな改善が興味深いのです
06:38
like they would start to send their children to school.
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子どもを学校にやるとか
06:40
They might be able to buy mosquito nets.
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蚊帳を買えるようになるとか
06:42
Maybe they could afford a lock for the door and feel secure.
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扉の鍵を買って安心できるようになるとか
06:45
Maybe it was just that they could put sugar in their tea
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客をもてなすお茶をいれるときに
06:47
and offer that to me when I came as their guest
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砂糖も入れられることが
06:49
and that made them feel proud.
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誇らしいとか
06:51
But there were these beautiful details, even if I talked to 20 goat herders in a row,
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20人のヤギ飼いに順番に話を聞いても
06:54
and some days that's what happened --
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素敵なディテールがいろいろあるのです
06:56
these beautiful details of life change
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あるとき生じた素晴らしい人生の変化が
06:58
that were meaningful to them.
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どれだけ意味あるものなのかを知って
07:00
That was another thing that really touched me.
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私は感動しました
07:02
It was really humbling to see for the first time,
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魔法の杖があれば
07:04
to really understand
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全ての問題が解決するかのように
07:06
that even if I could have taken a magic wand and fixed everything,
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考えていた自分の思い違いに
07:09
I probably would have gotten a lot wrong.
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初めて気がつきました
07:11
Because the best way for people to change their lives
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本人が最善だと思う方法こそが
07:14
is for them to have control and to do that in a way that they believe is best for them.
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人生を変える一番良い方法だからです
07:17
So I saw that and it was very humbling.
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こうして自分の思い込みに気づきました
07:20
Anyway, another interesting thing happened while I was there.
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向こうではさらに面白いことがありました
07:23
I never once was asked for a donation,
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一度たりとも 寄付を求められなかったのです
07:26
which had kind of been my mode, right.
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貧困と援助を結びつけていた私は
07:28
There's poverty, you give money to help --
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寄付を求められるだろうと覚悟していました
07:30
no one asked me for a donation.
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だれ一人として寄付を求めませんでした
07:32
In fact, no one wanted me to feel bad for them at all.
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可哀想と思ってほしい人などいなかったのです
07:35
If anything, they just wanted to be able to do more of what they were doing already
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強いて言えば すでに取り組んでいることを
07:37
and to build on their own capabilities.
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さらに進めて能力を高めたいというのです
07:39
So what I did hear, once in a while,
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時々私が耳にしたことは
07:41
was that people wanted a loan --
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お金を借りたい人がいること
07:43
I thought that sounded very reasonable and really exciting.
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合理的で素晴らしいことだと思いました
07:46
And by the way, I was a philosophy and poetry major in school,
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私の専攻は哲学と詩学だったので
07:49
so I didn't know the difference between profit and revenue when I went to East Africa.
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現地訪問の時には 利益と収入の区別もつかず
07:52
I just got this impression that the money would work.
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ただお金が役に立つという印象を受けただけでした
07:55
And my introduction to business
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私がビジネスに触れたのは
07:57
was in these $100 little infuses of capital.
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わずか100ドルの資本提供からでした
08:00
And I learned about profit and revenue, about leverage, all sorts of things,
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利益と収入やレバレッジなどについては
08:03
from farmers, from seamstresses, from goat herders.
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農家や仕立て屋やヤギ飼いたちから学びました
08:06
So this idea
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さて ビジネスと希望についての
08:08
that these new stories of business and hope
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こんな新しい話を
08:11
might be shared with my friends and family,
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友人や家族に伝えて
08:13
and through that, maybe we could get some of the money that they needed
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必要とするお金を集めて貸し出し
08:17
to be able to continue their businesses as loans,
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ビジネスを続けられるようにできるはずです
08:20
that's this little idea that turned into Kiva.
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この小さなアイデアから Kiva が生まれました
08:22
A few months later, I went back to Uganda
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数ヶ月後 デジカメを手に
08:24
with a digital camera and a basic website
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ウガンダに戻って 簡単なウェブサイトを
08:27
that my partner, Matthew, and I had kind of built,
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パートナーのマシューと作ると
08:29
and took pictures of seven of my new friends,
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新しい友人たち 7 人の写真を載せて
08:32
posted their stories, these stories of entrepreneurship, up on the website,
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彼らの起業家としてのエピソードを添えて
08:36
spammed friends and family and said, "We think this is legal.
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周囲に嘆願メールを送りました
08:38
Haven't heard back yet from SEC on all the details,
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「法律面もOK SECからの問い合わせも受けていません
08:41
but do you say, do you want to help participate in this,
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この人たちが必要なお金を
08:43
provide the money that they need?"
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提供してもらえませんか?」
08:45
The money came in basically overnight.
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資金はほぼ一晩で集まりました
08:47
We sent it over to Uganda.
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ウガンダに送金して
08:49
And over the next six months, a beautiful thing happened;
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そのあと6ヶ月 素晴らしい展開です
08:51
the entrepreneurs received the money,
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起業家たちはお金を受け取り
08:53
they were paid, and their businesses, in fact, grew,
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受け取ったお金で事業を発展させて
08:56
and they were able to support themselves
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自立を進めることができ
08:58
and change the trajectory of their lives.
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人生の軌道を変えることができました
09:01
In October of '05,
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2005年の10月には
09:03
after those first seven loans were paid,
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最初の7件のローンは返済され
09:05
Matt and I took the word beta off of the site.
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ウェブサイトもベータ版ではなくなりました
09:07
We said, "Our little experiment has been a success.
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「ささやかな実験は成功した
09:09
Let's start for real." That was our official launch.
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ここからが本番だ」 公式なスタートでした
09:12
And then that first year, October '05 through '06,
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2005年10月から2006年までの初年度に
09:14
Kiva facilitated $500,000 in loans.
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Kiva は50万ドルの貸出を行い
09:17
The second year, it was a total of 15 million.
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2年目には1500万ドルになりました
09:20
The third year, the total was up to around 40.
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3年目には4000万ドルでした
09:22
The fourth year, we were just short of 100.
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4年目は1億ドル弱
09:24
And today, less than five years in,
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そして今日 まだ5年に満たないのですが
09:26
Kiva's facilitated
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一口25ドルからの融資を
09:28
more than 150 million dollars, in little 25-dollar bits,
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Kiva は1億5千万ドル以上行いました
09:31
from lenders and entrepreneurs --
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貸主と借主合わせて100万人以上が
09:33
more than a million of those, collectively in 200 countries.
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200ヶ国に広がっています
09:35
So that's where Kiva is today, just to bring you right up to the present.
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Kiva の現状をご理解いただけたと思います
09:38
And while those numbers and those statistics
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これらの数字と統計についての
09:40
are really fun to talk about and they're interesting,
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話も興味は尽きないのですが
09:43
to me, Kiva's really about stories.
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私にとって エピソードこそがKivaなのです
09:46
It's about retelling
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貧しい人のエピソードを
09:48
the story of the poor,
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伝え直すことです
09:50
and it's about giving ourselves
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私たちにとっても
09:52
an opportunity to engage
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貧しい人の尊厳を保ちながら
09:54
that validates their dignity,
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彼らと関わる機会をもたらし
09:56
validates a partnership relationship,
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パートナーとしての関係を実証するものです
09:58
not a relationship that's based
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従来スタイルの施しを受けたときの
10:00
on the traditional sort of donor beneficiary
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歪みがちな関係とは
10:03
weirdness that can happen.
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別のものなのです
10:05
But instead a relationship that can promote respect
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従来の関係ではなくて
10:08
and hope
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敬意と希望を育む関係に
10:10
and this optimism
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楽観主義を携えて
10:12
that together we can move forward.
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我々は前進していきます
10:15
So what I hope is that,
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私はこんなことを望んでいます
10:17
not only can the money keep flowing forth through Kiva --
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お金の行き来は大事ですが
10:19
that's a very positive and meaningful thing --
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それだけではなく
10:21
but I hope Kiva can blur those lines, like I said,
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これまで語られてきたような
10:23
between the traditional rich and poor categories
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金持ちと貧者 ―我々と彼ら―
10:25
that we're taught to see in the world,
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持てるものと持たざるものとを
10:27
this false dichotomy of us and them, have and have not.
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隔てる境界線を Kiva で消したいのです
10:30
I hope that Kiva can blur those lines.
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Kiva にできることだと期待しています
10:32
Because as that happens,
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なぜなら 実際に起きていることですが
10:34
I think we can feel free to interact
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もっとオープンで公正で
10:36
in a way that's more open, more just and more creative,
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創造的なやり取りが自由に行えるのです
10:39
to engage with each other and to help each other.
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お互いに積極的に助け合えるのです
10:42
Imagine how you feel
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路上に物乞いがいたとします
10:44
when you see somebody on street who is begging
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助けを差し伸べようとするときに
10:47
and you're about to approach them.
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どんな気持ちがするか
10:49
Imagine how you feel;
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考えてみて下さい
10:51
and then imagine the difference when you might see somebody
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一方 働き者の起業家から
10:53
who has a story of entrepreneurship and hard work
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事業の話を聞くときには
10:56
who wants to tell you about their business.
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どんな気持ちがするでしょう
10:59
Maybe they're smiling, and they want to talk to you about what they've done.
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これまでの成果を笑顔で語りたいという
11:02
Imagine if you're speaking with somebody
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人たちと話すことを考えてみてください
11:04
who's growing things and making them flourish,
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何かを育てて花咲かせている人や
11:07
somebody who's using their talents
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才能を活かして
11:10
to do something productive,
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何かを創っている人や
11:12
somebody who's built their own business from scratch,
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ゼロから自分の事業を興した人や
11:15
someone who is surrounded by abundance,
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身の周りの豊かさに囲まれ
11:17
not scarcity,
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不足を訴えない人
11:19
who's in fact creating abundance,
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自ら豊かさを作り出している人です
11:21
somebody with full hands with something to offer,
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からっぽの手を差し出して
11:24
not empty hands
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何かを求めるのではなく
11:26
asking for you to give them something.
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両手に山盛りで差し出せる人や
11:29
Imagine if you could hear a story you didn't expect
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毎朝きちんと起きて
11:31
of somebody who wakes up every day
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より良い生活のために懸命に働く人たちは
11:33
and works very, very hard to make their life better.
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予想もつかない話をしてくれます
11:36
These stories can really change the way that we think about each other.
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お互いの思い込みを砕くストーリーです
11:39
And if we can catalyze
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そんな人たちを支援する
11:41
a supportive community to come around these individuals
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コミュニティー作りを Kiva が助け
11:44
and to participate in their story
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少額の融資によって
11:46
by lending a little bit of money,
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彼らの人生の一部となれば
11:48
I think that can change the way we believe in each other
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お互いの可能性に対する見方を
11:50
and each other's potential.
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変えられると思います
11:52
Now for me, Kiva is just the beginning.
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私にとって Kiva は始まりにすぎません
11:54
And as I look forward to what is next,
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将来の展開を考えるために
11:56
it's been helpful to reflect on the things I've learned so far.
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学んできたことを思い返してみると
11:59
The first one is, as I mentioned, entrepreneurship was a new idea to me.
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まず第一に 起業家精神は私にとって新しいものでした
12:02
Kiva borrowers, as I interviewed them and got to know them over the last few years,
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ここ何年か Kiva から借金する人たちと話してきて
12:05
have taught me what entrepreneurship is.
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起業家精神の何たるかを教えられました
12:07
And I think, at its core, it's deciding that you want your life to be better.
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その中核にあるのは人生を良くしようという決意です
12:10
You see an opportunity
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機会に気づき
12:12
and you decide what you're going to do to try to seize that.
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それを掴むために これをやろうと決めること
12:14
In short, it's deciding that tomorrow can better than today
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つまり 明日は今日より良くなると信じて
12:16
and going after that.
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それに向かって進むのです
12:18
Second thing that I've learned is that loans are a very interesting tool for connectivity.
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第二に 融資は人をつなげる面白い役割を果たします
12:21
So they're not a donation.
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寄付ではないのです
12:23
Yeah, maybe it doesn't sound that much different.
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似たり寄ったりのようですが
12:25
But in fact, when you give something to someone
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実際は誰かに与えてしまったら
12:27
and they say, "Thanks," and let you know how things go,
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感謝されて その後は
12:29
that's one thing.
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結果を聞くだけです
12:31
When you lend them money, and they slowly pay you back over time,
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貸し付けの場合には 時間をかけて少しずつ返済します
12:34
you have this excuse to have an ongoing dialogue.
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そこに継続的な対話が生まれ
12:36
This continued attention -- this ongoing attention --
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長期にわたって注目することが
12:38
is a really big deal
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本当に大事なのです
12:40
to build different kinds of relationships among us.
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お互いの間に生じる関係が別物になります
12:43
And then third, from what I've heard from the entrepreneurs I've gotten to know,
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第三に 知り合いになった起業家たちから聞いたことですが
12:46
when all else is equal,
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他の全ての条件が同じなら
12:48
given the option to have just money to do what you need to do,
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必要な資金だけを提供されるのと
12:51
or money plus the support and encouragement
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資金に加えて支援と応援を
12:54
of a global community,
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世界のコミュニティーから受けられるのとでは
12:56
people choose the community plus the money.
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コミュニティー付きの資金を選ぶというのです
12:58
That's a much more meaningful combination, a more powerful combination.
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意味と力のある組み合わせなのです
13:01
So with that in mind, this particular incident
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以上のことを心に留めたとき
13:03
has led to the things that I'm working on now.
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あるきっかけで 次の私の取り組みが決まりました
13:06
I see entrepreneurs everywhere now, now that I'm tuned into this.
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起業家は至る所で見つかります
13:08
And one thing that I've seen
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さらに世界中には
13:10
is there are a lot of supportive communities that already exist in the world.
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支援グループがたくさんあります
13:12
With social networks,
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社会ネットワークの助けによって
13:14
it's an amazing way, growing the number of people that we all have around us
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身の回りで応援してくれる人たちが
13:17
in our own supportive communities, rapidly.
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驚くほど急速に増えるのです
13:20
And so, as I have been thinking about this,
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そこで こんな助け合いのネットワークを
13:22
I've been wondering: how can we engage these supportive communities
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もっと多くの起業家精神の触媒として
13:25
to catalyze even more entrepreneurial ideas
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みんなに変化をもたらし
13:27
and to catalyze all of us
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より良い明日を作るための
13:29
to make tomorrow better than today?
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方法はないかと考えていました
13:32
As I've researched what's going on in the United States,
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アメリカ国内での現状調査から
13:34
a few interesting little insights have come up.
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いくつかの面白い洞察が得られました
13:36
So one is that, of course, as we all might expect,
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一つは予想どおり
13:39
many small businesses in the U.S. and all over the world
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世界中どこでも 小規模事業は
13:41
still need money to grow and to do more of what they want to do
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成長してより多くを行うための資金や
13:44
or they might need money during a hard month.
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苦境を乗り切る資金が必要なのです
13:46
But there's always a need for resources close by.
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いつでも身の周りに資金源が必要なのです
13:49
Another thing is, it turns out,
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もう一つ わかったことは
13:51
those resources don't usually come from the places you might expect --
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その資金の出どころは銀行でも
13:54
banks, venture capitalists,
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ベンチャーキャピタルや
13:56
other organizations and support structures --
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各種組織や支援機構でもなく
13:58
they come from friends and family.
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友人や家族から得ているのです
14:00
Some statistics say 85 percent or more of funding for small businesses
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ある統計では小規模事業の資金の85%は
14:02
comes from friends and family.
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友人や家族から得ているといいます
14:04
That's around 130 billion dollars a year --
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年間にすると1300億ドルです
14:06
it's a lot.
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大量の資金です
14:08
And third, so as people are doing this friends and family fundraising process,
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第三に友人や家族から資金集めをするには
14:11
it's very awkward, people don't know exactly what to ask for,
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何をどう頼むべきかという問題があります
14:13
how to ask, what to promise in return,
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どんなにやる気があっても
14:15
even though they have the best of intentions
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支援者たちに感謝したいと思っていても
14:17
and want to thank those people that are supporting them.
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結果として何を約束すべきかわからないのです
14:20
So to harness the power of these supportive communities in a new way
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支援コミュニティーの力を新たな方法で引き出し
14:23
and to allow entrepreneurs to decide for themselves
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起業家たちの自らの決断を支援するために
14:25
exactly what that financial exchange should look like,
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金融取引はどうあるべきか
14:27
exactly what fits them and the people around them,
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起業家たちに何が適するかを考えた末
14:30
this week actually,
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まさに今週 プロファウンダーという
14:32
we're quietly doing a launch of Profounder,
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プラットフォームを立ち上げました
14:34
which is a crowd funding platform for small businesses to raise what they need
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小規模事業に必要な資金を友人や家族から
14:37
through investments from their friends and family.
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投資してもらう仕組みです
14:39
And it's investments, not donations, not loans,
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これは寄付でも借金でもありません
14:41
but investments that have a dynamic return.
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ダイナミックな見返りが望める投資です
14:43
So the mapping of participating in the story,
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関与という意味で捉えれば
14:45
it actually flows with the up and down.
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まさに山あり谷ありを共に歩むわけです
14:47
So in short, it's a do-it-yourself tool
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要するに 小規模事業が資金集めを
14:50
for small businesses to raise these funds.
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セルフサービスで行うための仕組みです
14:52
And what you can do is go onto the site, create a profile,
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ウェブサイトではプロファイルや投資の条件を
14:55
create investment terms in a really easy way.
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手軽に作れるようにしました
14:57
We make it really, really simple for me
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私にも 利用者にとっても
14:59
as well as anyone else who wants to use the site.
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本当に簡単なように作ってあります
15:01
And we allow entrepreneurs to share a percentage of their revenues.
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起業家たちは収入からある割合を選ぶようにしました
15:03
They can raise up to a million dollars
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無数のアマチュア投資家たち
15:05
from an unlimited number of unaccredited, unsophisticated investors --
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つまり普通の人たちから
15:08
everyday people, heaven forbid --
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100万ドルまで集めることができます
15:10
and they can share those returns over time --
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そして時期が来たら 定めた条件に従って
15:12
again, whatever terms they set.
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収益を分配するのです
15:14
As investors choose to become involved
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これらの条件に従って
15:16
based on those terms,
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関わっている投資家は
15:18
they can either take their rewards back as cash,
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投資成果を現金で受け取ったり
15:20
or they can decide in advance
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事前に決めたNPOに
15:22
to give those returns away to a non-profit.
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寄付することができます
15:24
So they can be a cash, or a cause, investor.
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利益のためでも 社会貢献のためでも投資できます
15:27
It's my hope that this kind of tool can show anybody who has an idea
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こんな仕組みによってアイデアのある人が誰でも
15:30
a path to go do what they want to do in the world
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やりたいことに取り組む方法を示し
15:32
and to gather the people around them that they already have,
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すでに自分の周りにいる人たちを集めて
15:34
the people that know them best
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―自分のことを最も知っていて
15:36
and that love them and want to support them,
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愛して応援しようと思ってくれる人たちの力で
15:38
to gather them to make this happen.
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実現できるようにしたいのです
15:40
So that's what I'm working on now.
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こんなことに 私は今取り組んでいます
15:42
And to close, I just want to say, look these are tools.
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そして最後にお願いです
15:44
Right now, Profounder's right at the very beginning,
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プロファウンダーは生まれたての仕組みで
15:46
and it's very palpable; it's very clear to me, that it's just a vessel, it's just a tool.
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見てのとおり ただの器や道具にすぎません
15:49
What we need are for people to care, to actually go use it,
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実際に利用する人の助けが必要なのです
15:52
just like they've cared enough to use Kiva
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Kiva に多くの人が関与して
15:54
to make those connections.
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多くの繋がりが生じたのと同じことです
15:56
But the good news is I don't think I need to stand here and convince you to care --
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皆さんを説得するまでもなく
15:58
I'm not even going to try.
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分かって頂けることでしょう
16:00
I don't think, even though we often hear,
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助けることは幸せをもたらすという
16:02
you know, hear the ethical and moral reasons,
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倫理とか道徳による理由づけや
16:04
the religious reasons,
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宗教的な理由なども
16:06
"Here's why caring and giving will make you happier."
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よく耳にするものですが
16:09
I don't think we need to be convinced of that. I think we know;
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私が何か言うまでもなく
16:12
in fact, I think we know so much,
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分かっていることでしょう
16:14
and it's such a reality
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助けようと思いが
16:16
that we care so deeply,
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強すぎるとかえって
16:18
that in fact, what usually stops us
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失敗を恐れてしまって
16:20
is that we're afraid to try and to mess up,
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何もできなくなることもあります
16:22
because we care so very much about helping each other
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助け合って共に意味ある人生を
16:24
and being meaningful in each other's lives.
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送りたいと心底願っているからこそです
16:27
So what I think I can do today,
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今日は私のエピソードを伝えることが
16:30
that best thing I can give you --
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私にできる
16:32
I've given you my story, which is the best I can do.
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一番のことだと考えました
16:34
And I think I can remind us that we do care.
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すでにお持ちの人助けの気持ちを
16:37
I think we all already know that.
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呼び起こせたでしょうか
16:39
And I think we know that love is resilient enough
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くじけることのない愛があれば
16:42
for us to get out there and try.
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思い切ってやれるはずです
16:45
Just a sec.
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ごめんなさい
16:51
(Applause)
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(拍手)
16:53
Thanks.
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ありがとう
16:55
(Applause)
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(拍手)
17:05
Thanks.
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ありがとう
17:07
(Applause)
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(拍手)
17:09
For me, the best way to be inspired to try
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私にとっては 挑戦する勇気を貰う一番の方法は
17:12
is to stop and to listen
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立ち止まって他の誰かの
17:14
to someone else's story.
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話を聞くことです
17:16
And I'm grateful that I've gotten to do that here at TED.
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このTEDでそれができて感謝しています
17:19
And I'm grateful that whenever I do that,
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いつでも誰かから話を聴くと
17:22
guaranteed, I am inspired --
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ありがたいことに
17:24
I am inspired by the person I am listening to.
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意欲が湧いてきます
17:27
And I believe more and more every time I listen
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話を聞くたびに人びとが
17:30
in that that person's potential to do great things in the world
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偉大なことを成し遂げる可能性と
17:33
and in my own potential to maybe help.
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私がそれを支援できる可能性を確信します
17:36
And that --
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ツールのことや
17:38
forget the tools, forget the moving around of resources --
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お金のやりとりのことは忘れましょう
17:40
that stuff's easy.
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そんなことは簡単なのです
17:42
Believing in each other,
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お互いを信じて
17:44
really being sure when push comes to shove
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自信をもって いざとなったら一人ひとりが
17:46
that each one of us can do amazing things in the world,
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素晴らしいことをできると信じましょう
17:49
that is what can make our stories into love stories
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こうして 我々の物語は愛の物語となり
17:52
and our collective story
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それを集め続ける中から
17:54
into one that continually perpetuates hope
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永続する希望を生み出せば
17:56
and good things for all of us.
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誰にとっても素晴らしいことでしょう
17:58
So that, this belief in each other,
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こうしてお互いを信頼して
18:00
knowing that without a doubt
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疑うことなく毎日続けることで
18:02
and practicing that every day in whatever you do,
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今日よりも良い明日の世界に
18:04
that's what I believe will change the world and make tomorrow better than today.
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変えて行けると信じています
18:07
Thank you.
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ありがとう
18:09
(Applause)
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(拍手)
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