Jessica Jackley: Poverty, money -- and love

ジェシカ・ジャクリー: 貧困、お金、そして愛

162,192 views

2010-10-18 ・ TED


New videos

Jessica Jackley: Poverty, money -- and love

ジェシカ・ジャクリー: 貧困、お金、そして愛

162,192 views ・ 2010-10-18

TED


下の英語字幕をダブルクリックすると動画を再生できます。

翻訳: Natsuhiko Mizutani 校正: Takako Sato
00:16
The stories we tell about each other
0
16260
2000
お互いを語り合う物語は
00:18
matter very much.
1
18260
3000
大切です
00:21
The stories we tell ourselves about our own lives matter.
2
21260
3000
自分の人生を語ることも大切です
00:24
And most of all,
3
24260
2000
そして何よりも
00:26
I think the way that we participate in each other's stories
4
26260
2000
お互いの物語にいかに関わって行くかが
00:28
is of deep importance.
5
28260
3000
非常に大切だと思います
00:31
I was six years old
6
31260
2000
6歳のときのこと
00:33
when I first heard stories about the poor.
7
33260
2000
初めて 貧しい人の話を聞きました
00:35
Now I didn't hear those stories from the poor themselves,
8
35260
2000
貧しい人から直接聞いたのではなくて
00:37
I heard them from my Sunday school teacher
9
37260
3000
日曜学校の先生を通じて
00:40
and Jesus, kind of via my Sunday school teacher.
10
40260
3000
キリストの話を聞いたのです
00:43
I remember learning that people who were poor
11
43260
3000
彼らは いろんな物を必要としていると
00:46
needed something material --
12
46260
2000
教わったことを覚えています
00:48
food, clothing, shelter -- that they didn't have.
13
48260
2000
衣食住で困っているのです
00:50
And I also was taught, coupled with that,
14
50260
3000
またそれと合わせて
00:53
that it was my job -- this classroom full of five and six year-old children --
15
53260
3000
日曜学校に通う5-6歳の自分たちの務めは
00:56
it was our job, apparently, to help.
16
56260
2000
助けることだと教わりました
00:58
This is what Jesus asked of us.
17
58260
2000
これはキリストからのお願いなのです
01:00
And then he said, "What you do for the least of these, you do for me."
18
60260
3000
「最も小さな者への行いは わたしへの行いである」
01:03
Now I was pretty psyched.
19
63260
2000
私はすごく楽しみだと思い
01:05
I was very eager to be useful in the world --
20
65260
2000
世界の役に立ちたいと思いました
01:07
I think we all have that feeling.
21
67260
2000
誰もが感じたことのある あの感覚です
01:09
And also, it was kind of interesting that God needed help.
22
69260
2000
神が助けを求めているとは
01:11
That was news to me,
23
71260
2000
初耳でしたが これに貢献することが
01:13
and it felt like it was a very important thing to get to participate in.
24
73260
2000
重要だと感じました
01:15
But I also learned very soon thereafter
25
75260
2000
でも その後すぐにキリストが
01:17
that Jesus also said, and I'm paraphrasing,
26
77260
2000
こんなことを言っていたと学びました
01:19
the poor would always be with us.
27
79260
2000
貧者は常に共にいるというのです
01:21
This frustrated and confused me;
28
81260
2000
このことには不満で困惑しました
01:23
I felt like I had been just given a homework assignment
29
83260
2000
やるべき宿題が出されて
01:25
that I had to do, and I was excited to do,
30
85260
2000
わくわくする課題なのに
01:27
but no matter what I would do, I would fail.
31
87260
3000
どう頑張っても失敗すると言われては
01:30
So I felt confused, a little bit frustrated and angry,
32
90260
3000
混乱するし 不服で腹も立ちます
01:33
like maybe I'd misunderstood something here.
33
93260
2000
何か私が誤解しているように思えて
01:35
And I felt overwhelmed.
34
95260
2000
気後れしてしまいました
01:37
And for the first time,
35
97260
2000
このとき初めて
01:39
I began to fear this group of people
36
99260
2000
貧しい人たちに対する恐れと
01:41
and to feel negative emotion towards a whole group of people.
37
101260
3000
不快感を感じるようになりました
01:44
I imagined in my head, a kind of long line of individuals
38
104260
3000
脳裏に浮かんだのは一列に並んだ人々が
01:47
that were never going away, that would always be with us.
39
107260
2000
いつも付きまとうイメージです
01:49
They were always going to ask me to help them and give them things,
40
109260
3000
救いの手や物資をいつも求め
01:52
which I was excited to do,
41
112260
2000
私の助けたいという気持ちも
01:54
but I didn't know how it was going to work.
42
114260
2000
どう役に立つのかがわかりません
01:56
And I didn't know what would happen when I ran out of things to give,
43
116260
3000
差し出すものも尽きたらどうなるのでしょう
02:01
especially if the problem was never going away.
44
121260
2000
まして 永遠に続く問題だというのです
02:03
In the years following,
45
123260
2000
私は大人になるまで
02:05
the other stories I heard about the poor growing up
46
125260
2000
貧困の話をいろいろ聞きましたが
02:07
were no more positive.
47
127260
2000
暗い話ばかりでした
02:09
For example, I saw pictures and images
48
129260
3000
例えば 悲しみにくれて苦しんでいる人たちの
02:12
frequently of sadness and suffering.
49
132260
2000
写真や映像を見たり
02:14
I heard about things that were going wrong in the lives of the poor.
50
134260
3000
困難に陥る貧しい人たちの話や
02:17
I heard about disease, I heard about war --
51
137260
2000
病気や戦争の話を聞きました
02:19
they always seemed to be kind of related.
52
139260
2000
互いにつながりがあるように見える
02:21
And in general,
53
141260
2000
それらの話から私は
02:23
I got this sort of idea
54
143260
2000
こんな状況であろうと理解しました
02:25
that the poor in the world lived lives
55
145260
2000
世界中の貧しい人たちは
02:27
that were wrought with suffering and sadness,
56
147260
2000
苦しみや悲しみや破壊や絶望が
02:29
devastation, hopelessness.
57
149260
3000
つきまとう人生を送るのです
02:32
And after a while, I developed what I think many of us do,
58
152260
2000
やがて 多くの人と同じように
02:34
is this predictable response,
59
154260
2000
こんなふうに反応するようになりました
02:36
where I started to feel bad every time I heard about them.
60
156260
3000
貧困の話を耳にするたびに可哀想に思い
02:39
I started to feel guilty for my own relative wealth,
61
159260
3000
相対的に豊かな自分に罪悪感を覚えるのです
02:42
because I wasn't doing more, apparently, to make things better.
62
162260
3000
十分な貢献をできていないからです
02:45
And I even felt a sense of shame because of that.
63
165260
3000
そのために恥ずかしさも感じました
02:48
And so naturally,
64
168260
2000
そこで自然に
02:50
I started to distance myself.
65
170260
2000
私は距離をおくようになり
02:52
I stopped listening to their stories
66
172260
2000
貧しい人たちの話を 以前のように
02:54
quite as closely as I had before.
67
174260
2000
こと細かに聞かなくなりました
02:56
And I stopped expecting things to really change.
68
176260
3000
事態が改善するとも思えなくなりました
02:59
Now I still gave -- on the outside it looked like I was still quite involved.
69
179260
3000
でも 時間とお金を積極的に
03:02
I gave of my time and my money,
70
182260
2000
割いているように見えたでしょう
03:04
I gave when solutions were on sale.
71
184260
2000
買える解決策には お金を出していました
03:06
The cost of a cup of coffee can save a child's life, right.
72
186260
2000
コーヒー1杯分のお金で
03:08
I mean who can argue with that?
73
188260
2000
子ども1人が救えるのは事実です
03:10
I gave when I was cornered, when it was difficult to avoid
74
190260
3000
気持ちが追いつめられたら寄付しました
03:13
and I gave, in general, when the negative emotions built up enough
75
193260
3000
哀れみの感情が高まったときも寄付して
03:16
that I gave to relieve my own suffering,
76
196260
2000
他の誰でもない自分の苦しみが
03:18
not someone else's.
77
198260
2000
和らぐのです
03:20
The truth be told, I was giving out of that place,
78
200260
3000
本当はそんな理由で寄付していました
03:23
not out of a genuine place of hope
79
203260
3000
純粋に希望を抱いての行為ではなく
03:26
and excitement to help and of generosity.
80
206260
2000
援助の心とか親切心でもないのです
03:28
It became a transaction for me,
81
208260
2000
私に取って単なる取引や
03:30
became sort of a trade.
82
210260
2000
売買に成り下がりました
03:32
I was purchasing something --
83
212260
2000
日々を過ごす権利のような物を
03:34
I was buying my right to go on with my day
84
214260
3000
買っていたのです
03:37
and not necessarily be bothered by this bad news.
85
217260
3000
悲しいニュースに悩まされない権利です
03:40
And I think the way that we go through that sometimes
86
220260
3000
悩みを切り抜けようとするあまり
03:43
can, first of all,
87
223260
2000
なによりもまず 彼らの
03:45
disembody a group of people, individuals out there in the world.
88
225260
3000
人間性や個性のことを忘れて
03:48
And it can also turn into a commodity,
89
228260
2000
ある種の商品のように扱ってしまうのは
03:50
which is a very scary thing.
90
230260
2000
実に恐ろしい振る舞いです
03:52
So as I did this, and as I think many of us do this,
91
232260
3000
私と同じように 対処した人も多いでしょう
03:55
we kind of buy our distance,
92
235260
2000
いわば距離を買うようなものです
03:57
we kind of buy our right to go on with our day.
93
237260
2000
日常の暮らしを続ける権利を買うのです
03:59
I think that exchange can actually get in the way of the very thing that we want most.
94
239260
3000
この取引は 一番望んでいるはずの
04:02
It can get in the way of our desire
95
242260
2000
意味ある形で誰かの人生に
04:04
to really be meaningful and useful in another person's life
96
244260
3000
役立ちたいという願いを妨げます
04:07
and, in short to love.
97
247260
3000
つまり簡単に言えば愛の妨げになります
04:10
Thankfully, a few years ago, things shifted for me
98
250260
2000
ありがたいことに 数年前に転機がありました
04:12
because I heard this gentleman speak, Dr. Muhammad Yunus.
99
252260
3000
私はムハマド・ユヌス博士の講演を聞いたのです
04:15
I know many in the room probably know exactly who he is,
100
255260
3000
多くの皆さんは彼のことをよくご存知でしょうが
04:18
but to give the shorthand version
101
258260
2000
知らない方のために
04:20
for any who have not heard him speak,
102
260260
2000
ごく簡単に紹介します
04:22
Dr. Yunus won the Nobel Peace Prize a few years ago
103
262260
2000
ユヌス博士はマイクロファイナンスを
04:24
for his work pioneering modern microfinance.
104
264260
3000
確立した功績でノーベル平和賞を受賞しました
04:27
When I heard him speak, it was three years before that.
105
267260
3000
私が彼の話を聞いたのは受賞の3年前でした
04:30
But basically, microfinance -- if this is new to you as well --
106
270260
3000
簡単にマイクロファイナンスを説明します
04:33
think of that as financial services for the poor.
107
273260
2000
貧しい人のための金融サービスです
04:35
Think of all the things you get at your bank
108
275260
2000
銀行が提供するサービスを
04:37
and imagine those products and services
109
277260
2000
一日数ドルで暮らす人に合わせて
04:39
tailored to the needs of someone living on a few dollars a day.
110
279260
2000
提供する仕組みです
04:41
Dr. Yunus shared his story,
111
281260
2000
ユヌス博士は彼の物語と
04:43
explaining what that was,
112
283260
2000
グラミン銀行で成し遂げたことを
04:45
and what he had done with his Grameen Bank.
113
285260
2000
語りました
04:47
He also talked about, in particular, microlending,
114
287260
2000
特に小額貸与について説明しました
04:49
which is a tiny loan
115
289260
2000
これは小額の融資で
04:51
that could help someone start or grow a business.
116
291260
2000
起業と事業の成長を支援するものです
04:53
Now, when I heard him speak, it was exciting for a number of reasons.
117
293260
3000
彼の話を聞いて いくつかの理由で興奮しました
04:56
First and foremost, I learned about this new method of change in the world
118
296260
3000
まず何より 世界を変える新しい方法を学んだのです
04:59
that, for once, showed me, maybe,
119
299260
2000
関わり合いを持ちながら
05:01
a way to interact with someone
120
301260
2000
資金を貸与するのは
05:03
and to give, to share of a resource in a way that wasn't weird
121
303260
2000
無理のない方法だと知りました
05:05
and didn't make me feel bad --
122
305260
3000
可哀想だからすることではありません
05:08
that was exciting.
123
308260
2000
これには わくわくしました
05:10
But more importantly, he told stories about the poor
124
310260
3000
さらに重要なことは 貧しい人についての話は
05:13
that were different than any stories I had heard before.
125
313260
2000
これまで聞いたこともないような話でした
05:15
In fact, those individuals he talked about who were poor was sort of a side note.
126
315260
4000
たまたま貧しいけれども
05:19
He was talking about strong, smart,
127
319260
2000
力と知恵と熱意のある起業家が
05:21
hardworking entrepreneurs who woke up every day
128
321260
3000
自分と家族の生活を良くするために
05:24
and were doing things to make their lives and their family's lives better.
129
324260
3000
努力しているという話だったのです
05:27
All they needed to do that more quickly and to do it better
130
327260
3000
それをもっと素早く 適切に実行するために
05:30
was a little bit of capital.
131
330260
2000
彼らに必要なのは少しの資金でした
05:32
It was an amazing sort of insight for me.
132
332260
2000
この見方には 驚かされました
05:34
And I, in fact, was so deeply moved by this --
133
334260
2000
大きく心を動かされました
05:36
it's hard to express now how much that affected me --
134
336260
3000
どれほど心を捉えられたのか言葉にできません
05:39
but I was so moved that I actually quit my job a few weeks later,
135
339260
3000
とても感動したので 数週間後には仕事を辞めて
05:42
and I moved to East Africa
136
342260
2000
東アフリカに向かい
05:44
to try to see for myself what this was about.
137
344260
2000
自分の眼で確かめることにしました
05:46
For the first time, actually, in a long time
138
346260
2000
人生で初めて 一人ひとりの個人と
05:48
I wanted to meet those individuals, I wanted to meet these entrepreneurs,
139
348260
3000
会いたいと思いました 起業家たちと会って
05:51
and see for myself what their lives were actually about.
140
351260
3000
その暮らしを 自分で確かめたかったのです
05:54
So I spent three months in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania
141
354260
3000
ケニアとウガンダとタンザニアで3ヶ月を過ごし
05:57
interviewing entrepreneurs that had received 100 dollars
142
357260
2000
100ドルで起業や事業拡大をした
05:59
to start or grow a business.
143
359260
2000
起業家にインタビューしました
06:01
And in fact, through those interactions,
144
361260
2000
そしてこれらの交流を通して
06:03
for the first time, I was starting to get to be friends
145
363260
2000
形の見えない 遠い存在だと
06:05
with some of those people in that big amorphous group out there
146
365260
3000
ずっと思っていた人たちと
06:08
that was supposed to be far away.
147
368260
3000
初めて友人になりました
06:11
I was starting to be friends and get to know their personal stories.
148
371260
3000
友達になって一人ずつの話を知りました
06:14
And over and over again,
149
374260
2000
そしてインタビューを何度も
06:16
as I interviewed them and spent my days with them,
150
376260
2000
繰り返して 彼らと過ごす日々の中で
06:18
I did hear stories of life change
151
378260
2000
人生が変化した話を
06:20
and amazing little details of change.
152
380260
2000
細部にわたって聴きました
06:22
So I would hear from goat herders
153
382260
2000
融資でヤギを数頭買ったという
06:24
who had used that money that they had received to buy a few more goats.
154
384260
3000
ヤギ飼いの話を聞くのです
06:27
Their business trajectory would change.
155
387260
2000
商売を軌道に乗せて
06:29
They would make a little bit more money;
156
389260
2000
もう少しの収入を得ると
06:31
their standard of living
157
391260
2000
生活水準を高めて
06:33
would shift and would get better.
158
393260
2000
より良い暮らしを送れます
06:35
And they would make really interesting little adjustments in their lives,
159
395260
3000
暮らしの中の小さな改善が興味深いのです
06:38
like they would start to send their children to school.
160
398260
2000
子どもを学校にやるとか
06:40
They might be able to buy mosquito nets.
161
400260
2000
蚊帳を買えるようになるとか
06:42
Maybe they could afford a lock for the door and feel secure.
162
402260
3000
扉の鍵を買って安心できるようになるとか
06:45
Maybe it was just that they could put sugar in their tea
163
405260
2000
客をもてなすお茶をいれるときに
06:47
and offer that to me when I came as their guest
164
407260
2000
砂糖も入れられることが
06:49
and that made them feel proud.
165
409260
2000
誇らしいとか
06:51
But there were these beautiful details, even if I talked to 20 goat herders in a row,
166
411260
3000
20人のヤギ飼いに順番に話を聞いても
06:54
and some days that's what happened --
167
414260
2000
素敵なディテールがいろいろあるのです
06:56
these beautiful details of life change
168
416260
2000
あるとき生じた素晴らしい人生の変化が
06:58
that were meaningful to them.
169
418260
2000
どれだけ意味あるものなのかを知って
07:00
That was another thing that really touched me.
170
420260
2000
私は感動しました
07:02
It was really humbling to see for the first time,
171
422260
2000
魔法の杖があれば
07:04
to really understand
172
424260
2000
全ての問題が解決するかのように
07:06
that even if I could have taken a magic wand and fixed everything,
173
426260
3000
考えていた自分の思い違いに
07:09
I probably would have gotten a lot wrong.
174
429260
2000
初めて気がつきました
07:11
Because the best way for people to change their lives
175
431260
3000
本人が最善だと思う方法こそが
07:14
is for them to have control and to do that in a way that they believe is best for them.
176
434260
3000
人生を変える一番良い方法だからです
07:17
So I saw that and it was very humbling.
177
437260
3000
こうして自分の思い込みに気づきました
07:20
Anyway, another interesting thing happened while I was there.
178
440260
3000
向こうではさらに面白いことがありました
07:23
I never once was asked for a donation,
179
443260
3000
一度たりとも 寄付を求められなかったのです
07:26
which had kind of been my mode, right.
180
446260
2000
貧困と援助を結びつけていた私は
07:28
There's poverty, you give money to help --
181
448260
2000
寄付を求められるだろうと覚悟していました
07:30
no one asked me for a donation.
182
450260
2000
だれ一人として寄付を求めませんでした
07:32
In fact, no one wanted me to feel bad for them at all.
183
452260
3000
可哀想と思ってほしい人などいなかったのです
07:35
If anything, they just wanted to be able to do more of what they were doing already
184
455260
2000
強いて言えば すでに取り組んでいることを
07:37
and to build on their own capabilities.
185
457260
2000
さらに進めて能力を高めたいというのです
07:39
So what I did hear, once in a while,
186
459260
2000
時々私が耳にしたことは
07:41
was that people wanted a loan --
187
461260
2000
お金を借りたい人がいること
07:43
I thought that sounded very reasonable and really exciting.
188
463260
3000
合理的で素晴らしいことだと思いました
07:46
And by the way, I was a philosophy and poetry major in school,
189
466260
3000
私の専攻は哲学と詩学だったので
07:49
so I didn't know the difference between profit and revenue when I went to East Africa.
190
469260
3000
現地訪問の時には 利益と収入の区別もつかず
07:52
I just got this impression that the money would work.
191
472260
3000
ただお金が役に立つという印象を受けただけでした
07:55
And my introduction to business
192
475260
2000
私がビジネスに触れたのは
07:57
was in these $100 little infuses of capital.
193
477260
3000
わずか100ドルの資本提供からでした
08:00
And I learned about profit and revenue, about leverage, all sorts of things,
194
480260
3000
利益と収入やレバレッジなどについては
08:03
from farmers, from seamstresses, from goat herders.
195
483260
3000
農家や仕立て屋やヤギ飼いたちから学びました
08:06
So this idea
196
486260
2000
さて ビジネスと希望についての
08:08
that these new stories of business and hope
197
488260
3000
こんな新しい話を
08:11
might be shared with my friends and family,
198
491260
2000
友人や家族に伝えて
08:13
and through that, maybe we could get some of the money that they needed
199
493260
3000
必要とするお金を集めて貸し出し
08:17
to be able to continue their businesses as loans,
200
497260
3000
ビジネスを続けられるようにできるはずです
08:20
that's this little idea that turned into Kiva.
201
500260
2000
この小さなアイデアから Kiva が生まれました
08:22
A few months later, I went back to Uganda
202
502260
2000
数ヶ月後 デジカメを手に
08:24
with a digital camera and a basic website
203
504260
3000
ウガンダに戻って 簡単なウェブサイトを
08:27
that my partner, Matthew, and I had kind of built,
204
507260
2000
パートナーのマシューと作ると
08:29
and took pictures of seven of my new friends,
205
509260
3000
新しい友人たち 7 人の写真を載せて
08:32
posted their stories, these stories of entrepreneurship, up on the website,
206
512260
4000
彼らの起業家としてのエピソードを添えて
08:36
spammed friends and family and said, "We think this is legal.
207
516260
2000
周囲に嘆願メールを送りました
08:38
Haven't heard back yet from SEC on all the details,
208
518260
3000
「法律面もOK SECからの問い合わせも受けていません
08:41
but do you say, do you want to help participate in this,
209
521260
2000
この人たちが必要なお金を
08:43
provide the money that they need?"
210
523260
2000
提供してもらえませんか?」
08:45
The money came in basically overnight.
211
525260
2000
資金はほぼ一晩で集まりました
08:47
We sent it over to Uganda.
212
527260
2000
ウガンダに送金して
08:49
And over the next six months, a beautiful thing happened;
213
529260
2000
そのあと6ヶ月 素晴らしい展開です
08:51
the entrepreneurs received the money,
214
531260
2000
起業家たちはお金を受け取り
08:53
they were paid, and their businesses, in fact, grew,
215
533260
3000
受け取ったお金で事業を発展させて
08:56
and they were able to support themselves
216
536260
2000
自立を進めることができ
08:58
and change the trajectory of their lives.
217
538260
2000
人生の軌道を変えることができました
09:01
In October of '05,
218
541260
2000
2005年の10月には
09:03
after those first seven loans were paid,
219
543260
2000
最初の7件のローンは返済され
09:05
Matt and I took the word beta off of the site.
220
545260
2000
ウェブサイトもベータ版ではなくなりました
09:07
We said, "Our little experiment has been a success.
221
547260
2000
「ささやかな実験は成功した
09:09
Let's start for real." That was our official launch.
222
549260
3000
ここからが本番だ」 公式なスタートでした
09:12
And then that first year, October '05 through '06,
223
552260
2000
2005年10月から2006年までの初年度に
09:14
Kiva facilitated $500,000 in loans.
224
554260
3000
Kiva は50万ドルの貸出を行い
09:17
The second year, it was a total of 15 million.
225
557260
3000
2年目には1500万ドルになりました
09:20
The third year, the total was up to around 40.
226
560260
2000
3年目には4000万ドルでした
09:22
The fourth year, we were just short of 100.
227
562260
2000
4年目は1億ドル弱
09:24
And today, less than five years in,
228
564260
2000
そして今日 まだ5年に満たないのですが
09:26
Kiva's facilitated
229
566260
2000
一口25ドルからの融資を
09:28
more than 150 million dollars, in little 25-dollar bits,
230
568260
3000
Kiva は1億5千万ドル以上行いました
09:31
from lenders and entrepreneurs --
231
571260
2000
貸主と借主合わせて100万人以上が
09:33
more than a million of those, collectively in 200 countries.
232
573260
2000
200ヶ国に広がっています
09:35
So that's where Kiva is today, just to bring you right up to the present.
233
575260
3000
Kiva の現状をご理解いただけたと思います
09:38
And while those numbers and those statistics
234
578260
2000
これらの数字と統計についての
09:40
are really fun to talk about and they're interesting,
235
580260
3000
話も興味は尽きないのですが
09:43
to me, Kiva's really about stories.
236
583260
3000
私にとって エピソードこそがKivaなのです
09:46
It's about retelling
237
586260
2000
貧しい人のエピソードを
09:48
the story of the poor,
238
588260
2000
伝え直すことです
09:50
and it's about giving ourselves
239
590260
2000
私たちにとっても
09:52
an opportunity to engage
240
592260
2000
貧しい人の尊厳を保ちながら
09:54
that validates their dignity,
241
594260
2000
彼らと関わる機会をもたらし
09:56
validates a partnership relationship,
242
596260
2000
パートナーとしての関係を実証するものです
09:58
not a relationship that's based
243
598260
2000
従来スタイルの施しを受けたときの
10:00
on the traditional sort of donor beneficiary
244
600260
3000
歪みがちな関係とは
10:03
weirdness that can happen.
245
603260
2000
別のものなのです
10:05
But instead a relationship that can promote respect
246
605260
3000
従来の関係ではなくて
10:08
and hope
247
608260
2000
敬意と希望を育む関係に
10:10
and this optimism
248
610260
2000
楽観主義を携えて
10:12
that together we can move forward.
249
612260
3000
我々は前進していきます
10:15
So what I hope is that,
250
615260
2000
私はこんなことを望んでいます
10:17
not only can the money keep flowing forth through Kiva --
251
617260
2000
お金の行き来は大事ですが
10:19
that's a very positive and meaningful thing --
252
619260
2000
それだけではなく
10:21
but I hope Kiva can blur those lines, like I said,
253
621260
2000
これまで語られてきたような
10:23
between the traditional rich and poor categories
254
623260
2000
金持ちと貧者 ―我々と彼ら―
10:25
that we're taught to see in the world,
255
625260
2000
持てるものと持たざるものとを
10:27
this false dichotomy of us and them, have and have not.
256
627260
3000
隔てる境界線を Kiva で消したいのです
10:30
I hope that Kiva can blur those lines.
257
630260
2000
Kiva にできることだと期待しています
10:32
Because as that happens,
258
632260
2000
なぜなら 実際に起きていることですが
10:34
I think we can feel free to interact
259
634260
2000
もっとオープンで公正で
10:36
in a way that's more open, more just and more creative,
260
636260
3000
創造的なやり取りが自由に行えるのです
10:39
to engage with each other and to help each other.
261
639260
3000
お互いに積極的に助け合えるのです
10:42
Imagine how you feel
262
642260
2000
路上に物乞いがいたとします
10:44
when you see somebody on street who is begging
263
644260
3000
助けを差し伸べようとするときに
10:47
and you're about to approach them.
264
647260
2000
どんな気持ちがするか
10:49
Imagine how you feel;
265
649260
2000
考えてみて下さい
10:51
and then imagine the difference when you might see somebody
266
651260
2000
一方 働き者の起業家から
10:53
who has a story of entrepreneurship and hard work
267
653260
3000
事業の話を聞くときには
10:56
who wants to tell you about their business.
268
656260
3000
どんな気持ちがするでしょう
10:59
Maybe they're smiling, and they want to talk to you about what they've done.
269
659260
3000
これまでの成果を笑顔で語りたいという
11:02
Imagine if you're speaking with somebody
270
662260
2000
人たちと話すことを考えてみてください
11:04
who's growing things and making them flourish,
271
664260
3000
何かを育てて花咲かせている人や
11:07
somebody who's using their talents
272
667260
3000
才能を活かして
11:10
to do something productive,
273
670260
2000
何かを創っている人や
11:12
somebody who's built their own business from scratch,
274
672260
3000
ゼロから自分の事業を興した人や
11:15
someone who is surrounded by abundance,
275
675260
2000
身の周りの豊かさに囲まれ
11:17
not scarcity,
276
677260
2000
不足を訴えない人
11:19
who's in fact creating abundance,
277
679260
2000
自ら豊かさを作り出している人です
11:21
somebody with full hands with something to offer,
278
681260
3000
からっぽの手を差し出して
11:24
not empty hands
279
684260
2000
何かを求めるのではなく
11:26
asking for you to give them something.
280
686260
3000
両手に山盛りで差し出せる人や
11:29
Imagine if you could hear a story you didn't expect
281
689260
2000
毎朝きちんと起きて
11:31
of somebody who wakes up every day
282
691260
2000
より良い生活のために懸命に働く人たちは
11:33
and works very, very hard to make their life better.
283
693260
3000
予想もつかない話をしてくれます
11:36
These stories can really change the way that we think about each other.
284
696260
3000
お互いの思い込みを砕くストーリーです
11:39
And if we can catalyze
285
699260
2000
そんな人たちを支援する
11:41
a supportive community to come around these individuals
286
701260
3000
コミュニティー作りを Kiva が助け
11:44
and to participate in their story
287
704260
2000
少額の融資によって
11:46
by lending a little bit of money,
288
706260
2000
彼らの人生の一部となれば
11:48
I think that can change the way we believe in each other
289
708260
2000
お互いの可能性に対する見方を
11:50
and each other's potential.
290
710260
2000
変えられると思います
11:52
Now for me, Kiva is just the beginning.
291
712260
2000
私にとって Kiva は始まりにすぎません
11:54
And as I look forward to what is next,
292
714260
2000
将来の展開を考えるために
11:56
it's been helpful to reflect on the things I've learned so far.
293
716260
3000
学んできたことを思い返してみると
11:59
The first one is, as I mentioned, entrepreneurship was a new idea to me.
294
719260
3000
まず第一に 起業家精神は私にとって新しいものでした
12:02
Kiva borrowers, as I interviewed them and got to know them over the last few years,
295
722260
3000
ここ何年か Kiva から借金する人たちと話してきて
12:05
have taught me what entrepreneurship is.
296
725260
2000
起業家精神の何たるかを教えられました
12:07
And I think, at its core, it's deciding that you want your life to be better.
297
727260
3000
その中核にあるのは人生を良くしようという決意です
12:10
You see an opportunity
298
730260
2000
機会に気づき
12:12
and you decide what you're going to do to try to seize that.
299
732260
2000
それを掴むために これをやろうと決めること
12:14
In short, it's deciding that tomorrow can better than today
300
734260
2000
つまり 明日は今日より良くなると信じて
12:16
and going after that.
301
736260
2000
それに向かって進むのです
12:18
Second thing that I've learned is that loans are a very interesting tool for connectivity.
302
738260
3000
第二に 融資は人をつなげる面白い役割を果たします
12:21
So they're not a donation.
303
741260
2000
寄付ではないのです
12:23
Yeah, maybe it doesn't sound that much different.
304
743260
2000
似たり寄ったりのようですが
12:25
But in fact, when you give something to someone
305
745260
2000
実際は誰かに与えてしまったら
12:27
and they say, "Thanks," and let you know how things go,
306
747260
2000
感謝されて その後は
12:29
that's one thing.
307
749260
2000
結果を聞くだけです
12:31
When you lend them money, and they slowly pay you back over time,
308
751260
3000
貸し付けの場合には 時間をかけて少しずつ返済します
12:34
you have this excuse to have an ongoing dialogue.
309
754260
2000
そこに継続的な対話が生まれ
12:36
This continued attention -- this ongoing attention --
310
756260
2000
長期にわたって注目することが
12:38
is a really big deal
311
758260
2000
本当に大事なのです
12:40
to build different kinds of relationships among us.
312
760260
3000
お互いの間に生じる関係が別物になります
12:43
And then third, from what I've heard from the entrepreneurs I've gotten to know,
313
763260
3000
第三に 知り合いになった起業家たちから聞いたことですが
12:46
when all else is equal,
314
766260
2000
他の全ての条件が同じなら
12:48
given the option to have just money to do what you need to do,
315
768260
3000
必要な資金だけを提供されるのと
12:51
or money plus the support and encouragement
316
771260
3000
資金に加えて支援と応援を
12:54
of a global community,
317
774260
2000
世界のコミュニティーから受けられるのとでは
12:56
people choose the community plus the money.
318
776260
2000
コミュニティー付きの資金を選ぶというのです
12:58
That's a much more meaningful combination, a more powerful combination.
319
778260
3000
意味と力のある組み合わせなのです
13:01
So with that in mind, this particular incident
320
781260
2000
以上のことを心に留めたとき
13:03
has led to the things that I'm working on now.
321
783260
3000
あるきっかけで 次の私の取り組みが決まりました
13:06
I see entrepreneurs everywhere now, now that I'm tuned into this.
322
786260
2000
起業家は至る所で見つかります
13:08
And one thing that I've seen
323
788260
2000
さらに世界中には
13:10
is there are a lot of supportive communities that already exist in the world.
324
790260
2000
支援グループがたくさんあります
13:12
With social networks,
325
792260
2000
社会ネットワークの助けによって
13:14
it's an amazing way, growing the number of people that we all have around us
326
794260
3000
身の回りで応援してくれる人たちが
13:17
in our own supportive communities, rapidly.
327
797260
3000
驚くほど急速に増えるのです
13:20
And so, as I have been thinking about this,
328
800260
2000
そこで こんな助け合いのネットワークを
13:22
I've been wondering: how can we engage these supportive communities
329
802260
3000
もっと多くの起業家精神の触媒として
13:25
to catalyze even more entrepreneurial ideas
330
805260
2000
みんなに変化をもたらし
13:27
and to catalyze all of us
331
807260
2000
より良い明日を作るための
13:29
to make tomorrow better than today?
332
809260
3000
方法はないかと考えていました
13:32
As I've researched what's going on in the United States,
333
812260
2000
アメリカ国内での現状調査から
13:34
a few interesting little insights have come up.
334
814260
2000
いくつかの面白い洞察が得られました
13:36
So one is that, of course, as we all might expect,
335
816260
3000
一つは予想どおり
13:39
many small businesses in the U.S. and all over the world
336
819260
2000
世界中どこでも 小規模事業は
13:41
still need money to grow and to do more of what they want to do
337
821260
3000
成長してより多くを行うための資金や
13:44
or they might need money during a hard month.
338
824260
2000
苦境を乗り切る資金が必要なのです
13:46
But there's always a need for resources close by.
339
826260
3000
いつでも身の周りに資金源が必要なのです
13:49
Another thing is, it turns out,
340
829260
2000
もう一つ わかったことは
13:51
those resources don't usually come from the places you might expect --
341
831260
3000
その資金の出どころは銀行でも
13:54
banks, venture capitalists,
342
834260
2000
ベンチャーキャピタルや
13:56
other organizations and support structures --
343
836260
2000
各種組織や支援機構でもなく
13:58
they come from friends and family.
344
838260
2000
友人や家族から得ているのです
14:00
Some statistics say 85 percent or more of funding for small businesses
345
840260
2000
ある統計では小規模事業の資金の85%は
14:02
comes from friends and family.
346
842260
2000
友人や家族から得ているといいます
14:04
That's around 130 billion dollars a year --
347
844260
2000
年間にすると1300億ドルです
14:06
it's a lot.
348
846260
2000
大量の資金です
14:08
And third, so as people are doing this friends and family fundraising process,
349
848260
3000
第三に友人や家族から資金集めをするには
14:11
it's very awkward, people don't know exactly what to ask for,
350
851260
2000
何をどう頼むべきかという問題があります
14:13
how to ask, what to promise in return,
351
853260
2000
どんなにやる気があっても
14:15
even though they have the best of intentions
352
855260
2000
支援者たちに感謝したいと思っていても
14:17
and want to thank those people that are supporting them.
353
857260
3000
結果として何を約束すべきかわからないのです
14:20
So to harness the power of these supportive communities in a new way
354
860260
3000
支援コミュニティーの力を新たな方法で引き出し
14:23
and to allow entrepreneurs to decide for themselves
355
863260
2000
起業家たちの自らの決断を支援するために
14:25
exactly what that financial exchange should look like,
356
865260
2000
金融取引はどうあるべきか
14:27
exactly what fits them and the people around them,
357
867260
3000
起業家たちに何が適するかを考えた末
14:30
this week actually,
358
870260
2000
まさに今週 プロファウンダーという
14:32
we're quietly doing a launch of Profounder,
359
872260
2000
プラットフォームを立ち上げました
14:34
which is a crowd funding platform for small businesses to raise what they need
360
874260
3000
小規模事業に必要な資金を友人や家族から
14:37
through investments from their friends and family.
361
877260
2000
投資してもらう仕組みです
14:39
And it's investments, not donations, not loans,
362
879260
2000
これは寄付でも借金でもありません
14:41
but investments that have a dynamic return.
363
881260
2000
ダイナミックな見返りが望める投資です
14:43
So the mapping of participating in the story,
364
883260
2000
関与という意味で捉えれば
14:45
it actually flows with the up and down.
365
885260
2000
まさに山あり谷ありを共に歩むわけです
14:47
So in short, it's a do-it-yourself tool
366
887260
3000
要するに 小規模事業が資金集めを
14:50
for small businesses to raise these funds.
367
890260
2000
セルフサービスで行うための仕組みです
14:52
And what you can do is go onto the site, create a profile,
368
892260
3000
ウェブサイトではプロファイルや投資の条件を
14:55
create investment terms in a really easy way.
369
895260
2000
手軽に作れるようにしました
14:57
We make it really, really simple for me
370
897260
2000
私にも 利用者にとっても
14:59
as well as anyone else who wants to use the site.
371
899260
2000
本当に簡単なように作ってあります
15:01
And we allow entrepreneurs to share a percentage of their revenues.
372
901260
2000
起業家たちは収入からある割合を選ぶようにしました
15:03
They can raise up to a million dollars
373
903260
2000
無数のアマチュア投資家たち
15:05
from an unlimited number of unaccredited, unsophisticated investors --
374
905260
3000
つまり普通の人たちから
15:08
everyday people, heaven forbid --
375
908260
2000
100万ドルまで集めることができます
15:10
and they can share those returns over time --
376
910260
2000
そして時期が来たら 定めた条件に従って
15:12
again, whatever terms they set.
377
912260
2000
収益を分配するのです
15:14
As investors choose to become involved
378
914260
2000
これらの条件に従って
15:16
based on those terms,
379
916260
2000
関わっている投資家は
15:18
they can either take their rewards back as cash,
380
918260
2000
投資成果を現金で受け取ったり
15:20
or they can decide in advance
381
920260
2000
事前に決めたNPOに
15:22
to give those returns away to a non-profit.
382
922260
2000
寄付することができます
15:24
So they can be a cash, or a cause, investor.
383
924260
3000
利益のためでも 社会貢献のためでも投資できます
15:27
It's my hope that this kind of tool can show anybody who has an idea
384
927260
3000
こんな仕組みによってアイデアのある人が誰でも
15:30
a path to go do what they want to do in the world
385
930260
2000
やりたいことに取り組む方法を示し
15:32
and to gather the people around them that they already have,
386
932260
2000
すでに自分の周りにいる人たちを集めて
15:34
the people that know them best
387
934260
2000
―自分のことを最も知っていて
15:36
and that love them and want to support them,
388
936260
2000
愛して応援しようと思ってくれる人たちの力で
15:38
to gather them to make this happen.
389
938260
2000
実現できるようにしたいのです
15:40
So that's what I'm working on now.
390
940260
2000
こんなことに 私は今取り組んでいます
15:42
And to close, I just want to say, look these are tools.
391
942260
2000
そして最後にお願いです
15:44
Right now, Profounder's right at the very beginning,
392
944260
2000
プロファウンダーは生まれたての仕組みで
15:46
and it's very palpable; it's very clear to me, that it's just a vessel, it's just a tool.
393
946260
3000
見てのとおり ただの器や道具にすぎません
15:49
What we need are for people to care, to actually go use it,
394
949260
3000
実際に利用する人の助けが必要なのです
15:52
just like they've cared enough to use Kiva
395
952260
2000
Kiva に多くの人が関与して
15:54
to make those connections.
396
954260
2000
多くの繋がりが生じたのと同じことです
15:56
But the good news is I don't think I need to stand here and convince you to care --
397
956260
2000
皆さんを説得するまでもなく
15:58
I'm not even going to try.
398
958260
2000
分かって頂けることでしょう
16:00
I don't think, even though we often hear,
399
960260
2000
助けることは幸せをもたらすという
16:02
you know, hear the ethical and moral reasons,
400
962260
2000
倫理とか道徳による理由づけや
16:04
the religious reasons,
401
964260
2000
宗教的な理由なども
16:06
"Here's why caring and giving will make you happier."
402
966260
3000
よく耳にするものですが
16:09
I don't think we need to be convinced of that. I think we know;
403
969260
3000
私が何か言うまでもなく
16:12
in fact, I think we know so much,
404
972260
2000
分かっていることでしょう
16:14
and it's such a reality
405
974260
2000
助けようと思いが
16:16
that we care so deeply,
406
976260
2000
強すぎるとかえって
16:18
that in fact, what usually stops us
407
978260
2000
失敗を恐れてしまって
16:20
is that we're afraid to try and to mess up,
408
980260
2000
何もできなくなることもあります
16:22
because we care so very much about helping each other
409
982260
2000
助け合って共に意味ある人生を
16:24
and being meaningful in each other's lives.
410
984260
3000
送りたいと心底願っているからこそです
16:27
So what I think I can do today,
411
987260
3000
今日は私のエピソードを伝えることが
16:30
that best thing I can give you --
412
990260
2000
私にできる
16:32
I've given you my story, which is the best I can do.
413
992260
2000
一番のことだと考えました
16:34
And I think I can remind us that we do care.
414
994260
3000
すでにお持ちの人助けの気持ちを
16:37
I think we all already know that.
415
997260
2000
呼び起こせたでしょうか
16:39
And I think we know that love is resilient enough
416
999260
3000
くじけることのない愛があれば
16:42
for us to get out there and try.
417
1002260
2000
思い切ってやれるはずです
16:45
Just a sec.
418
1005260
2000
ごめんなさい
16:51
(Applause)
419
1011260
2000
(拍手)
16:53
Thanks.
420
1013260
2000
ありがとう
16:55
(Applause)
421
1015260
10000
(拍手)
17:05
Thanks.
422
1025260
2000
ありがとう
17:07
(Applause)
423
1027260
2000
(拍手)
17:09
For me, the best way to be inspired to try
424
1029260
3000
私にとっては 挑戦する勇気を貰う一番の方法は
17:12
is to stop and to listen
425
1032260
2000
立ち止まって他の誰かの
17:14
to someone else's story.
426
1034260
2000
話を聞くことです
17:16
And I'm grateful that I've gotten to do that here at TED.
427
1036260
3000
このTEDでそれができて感謝しています
17:19
And I'm grateful that whenever I do that,
428
1039260
3000
いつでも誰かから話を聴くと
17:22
guaranteed, I am inspired --
429
1042260
2000
ありがたいことに
17:24
I am inspired by the person I am listening to.
430
1044260
3000
意欲が湧いてきます
17:27
And I believe more and more every time I listen
431
1047260
3000
話を聞くたびに人びとが
17:30
in that that person's potential to do great things in the world
432
1050260
3000
偉大なことを成し遂げる可能性と
17:33
and in my own potential to maybe help.
433
1053260
3000
私がそれを支援できる可能性を確信します
17:36
And that --
434
1056260
2000
ツールのことや
17:38
forget the tools, forget the moving around of resources --
435
1058260
2000
お金のやりとりのことは忘れましょう
17:40
that stuff's easy.
436
1060260
2000
そんなことは簡単なのです
17:42
Believing in each other,
437
1062260
2000
お互いを信じて
17:44
really being sure when push comes to shove
438
1064260
2000
自信をもって いざとなったら一人ひとりが
17:46
that each one of us can do amazing things in the world,
439
1066260
3000
素晴らしいことをできると信じましょう
17:49
that is what can make our stories into love stories
440
1069260
3000
こうして 我々の物語は愛の物語となり
17:52
and our collective story
441
1072260
2000
それを集め続ける中から
17:54
into one that continually perpetuates hope
442
1074260
2000
永続する希望を生み出せば
17:56
and good things for all of us.
443
1076260
2000
誰にとっても素晴らしいことでしょう
17:58
So that, this belief in each other,
444
1078260
2000
こうしてお互いを信頼して
18:00
knowing that without a doubt
445
1080260
2000
疑うことなく毎日続けることで
18:02
and practicing that every day in whatever you do,
446
1082260
2000
今日よりも良い明日の世界に
18:04
that's what I believe will change the world and make tomorrow better than today.
447
1084260
3000
変えて行けると信じています
18:07
Thank you.
448
1087260
2000
ありがとう
18:09
(Applause)
449
1089260
17000
(拍手)
このウェブサイトについて

このサイトでは英語学習に役立つYouTube動画を紹介します。世界中の一流講師による英語レッスンを見ることができます。各ビデオのページに表示される英語字幕をダブルクリックすると、そこからビデオを再生することができます。字幕はビデオの再生と同期してスクロールします。ご意見・ご要望がございましたら、こちらのお問い合わせフォームよりご連絡ください。

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7