Pete Alcorn on the world in 2200

33,266 views ・ 2009-06-12

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hyunwoo Park κ²€ν† : Clair Han
00:12
I used to be a Malthusian.
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μ €λŠ” λ§¬μ„œμŠ€μ£Όμ˜μžμ˜€μ–΄μš”.
00:15
This was my mental model of the world:
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이게 제 λ¨Έλ¦Ώμ†μ—μ„œ μƒκ°ν•œ μ„Έμƒμ˜ λͺ¨λΈμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
exploding population, small planet;
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μž‘μ€ 행성에 μΈκ΅¬λŠ” 폭발적으둜 μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³ ,
00:21
it's going to lead to ugly things.
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κ²°κ΅­ λͺ¨λ“  것이 ν‰μΈ‘ν•˜κ²Œ 끝날 κ²ƒμ΄λΌκ³ μš”.
00:23
But I'm moving past Malthus,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이제 λ§¬μ„œμŠ€λ₯Ό λ„˜μ–΄μ„œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
because I think that we just might be about 150 years
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μ§€κΈˆλΆ€ν„° μ•½ 150λ…„ ν›„μ—λŠ”
00:28
from a kind of new enlightenment.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 계λͺ½μ£Όμ˜κ°€ λ„λž˜ν•  μˆ˜λ„ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
Here's why.
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ꡬ체적인 이유λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ³Όκ²Œμš”.
00:32
This is the U.N.'s population data,
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μ—¬κΈ° UN의 인ꡬ μžλ£Œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
you may have seen, for the world.
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λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό 지ꡬ μƒμ˜ μΈκ΅¬λŠ”
00:37
And the world's population expected to top out
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이번 세기말 쯀이 되면 운이 μ’‹μ•„μ•Ό 100μ–΅λͺ…이
00:39
at something hopefully a bit less than 10 billion, late this century.
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쑰금 μ•ˆ 될 μ •λ„λ‘œ 증가할 κ±°μ—μš”.
00:43
And after that, most likely it's going to begin to decline.
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그리고 κ·Έ λ’€λ‘œλŠ” κ°μ†Œν•  μ˜ˆμ •μ΄μ£ .
00:47
So what then?
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그러면 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
00:50
Most of the economic models are built around scarcity and growth.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ κ²½μ œν•™μ  λͺ¨ν˜•λ“€μ€ ν¬μ†Œμ„±κ³Ό μ„±μž₯μ΄λΌλŠ” μ „μ œ μœ„μ— λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
So a lot of economists
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κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ§Žμ€ κ²½μ œν•™μžλ“€μ΄
00:55
look at declining population
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인ꡬ가 κ°μ†Œν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
00:57
and expect to see stagnation, maybe depression.
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κ²½κΈ°κ°€ ν•˜κ°•ν•˜κ³  침체에 빠질 것이라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
But a declining population is going to have
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 인ꡬ κ°μ†ŒλŠ” μ΅œμ†Œν•œ 두 가지 긍정적인
01:03
at least two very beneficial economic effects.
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경제적 효과λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜¬ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
One: fewer people on a fixed amount of land
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ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 같은 크기의 땅에 더 적은 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ‚΄κ²Œ λ˜λ©΄μ„œ
01:12
make investing in property a bad bet.
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뢀동산에 νˆ¬μžν•˜λŠ” 것이 별 μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μ—†κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
In the cities, a lot of the cost of property
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λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œλŠ” λ§Žμ€ λΆ€λ™μ‚°λ“€μ˜ 가격에
01:20
is actually wrapped up in its speculative value.
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투기둜 인해 κ±°ν’ˆμ΄ 끼게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
Take away land speculation,
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λ•… νˆ¬κΈ°κ°€ 사라지면,
01:26
price of land drops.
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λ•… 값도 λ–¨μ–΄μ§€κ² μ§€μš”.
01:28
And that begins to lift a heavy burden
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그리고 이것은 μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μ €μ†Œλ“μΈ΅μ˜
01:30
off the world's poor.
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큰 짐 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό λœμ–΄μ€„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
Number two: a declining population
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λ‘˜μ§Έλ‘œ 인ꡬ가 κ°μ†Œν•˜λ©΄
01:37
means scarce labor.
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λ…Έλ™μžμ˜ μˆ˜λ„ μ€„μ–΄λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
Scarce labor drives wages.
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그러면 μž„κΈˆμ΄ μ „μ²΄μ μœΌλ‘œ μΈμƒλ˜κ² μ§€μš”.
01:41
As wages increase
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μž„κΈˆμ΄ λ†’μ•„μ§€λŠ” 것 μ—­μ‹œ
01:43
that also lifts the burden on the poor and the working class.
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κ°€λ‚œν•œ 이듀과 λ…Έλ™μž κ³„κΈ‰μ˜ 짐을 λœμ–΄μ£Όκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
Now I'm not talking about a radical drop in population like we saw in the Black Death.
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14μ„ΈκΈ° 유럽의 ν‘μ‚¬λ³‘μ²˜λŸΌ 인ꡬ가 κ°‘μžκΈ° ν™• μ€„μ–΄λ“œλŠ” 것을 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
But look what happened in Europe
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ νŽ˜μŠ€νŠΈκ°€ νœ©μ“Έκ³  μ§€λ‚˜κ°„ λ’€μ˜
01:54
after the plague:
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ 유럽 상황을 보면
01:56
rising wages,
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μž„κΈˆμ΄ μƒμŠΉν–ˆκ³ ,
01:58
land reform,
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토지 개혁이 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ ,
02:00
technological innovation,
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기술의 ν˜μ‹ μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°
02:03
birth of the middle class;
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쀑산측이 νƒ„μƒν–ˆμŒμ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
and after that, forward-looking social movements
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그리고 λ‚˜μ„œ 진보적인 μ‚¬νšŒ μš΄λ™λ“€μ΄ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ²Œ 되죠.
02:09
like the Renaissance,
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λ₯΄λ„€μƒμŠ€λ‚˜,
02:11
and later the Enlightenment.
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κ·Έ 뒀에 계λͺ½μ£Όμ˜ 같은 것듀이 κ½ƒν”Όκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
Most of our cultural heritage has tended to look backward,
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우리 λ¬Έν™” μœ μ‚°μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό νšŒμƒν•˜κ³ ,
02:17
romanticizing the past.
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κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό λ―Έν™”ν•˜λŠ” μž‘ν’ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
All of the Western religions begin with the notion of Eden,
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μ„œμ–‘μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  쒅ꡐ관은 "에덴"μ΄λΌλŠ” κ°œλ…μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
and descend through a kind of profligate present
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 흐λ₯΄λ©΄μ„œ λ¬΄μ ˆμ œν•˜κ²Œ λ³€ν•΄κ°€λ‹€κ°€,
02:26
to a very ugly future.
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보기 쒋지 μ•Šμ€ 미래둜 λλ‚˜λŠ” 관점이죠.
02:29
So human history is viewed
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 인λ₯˜μ˜ μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” μ’…μ’…
02:31
as sort of this downhill slide
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μ’‹μ•˜λ˜ μ˜›λ‚  κ·Έ μ‹œμ ˆμ—μ„œ 점점 λ‚˜λΉ μ§€κΈ°λ§Œ ν•˜λŠ”
02:33
from the good old days.
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λ‚΄λ¦¬λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ λ¬˜μ‚¬λ˜λŠ” κ±°μ—μš”.
02:35
But I think we're in for another change,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ£Όν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
about two generations after the top of that curve,
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지ꡬ μƒμ˜ 인ꡬ가 정점을 찍은 이후에 두 μ„ΈλŒ€ 정도 μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄
02:41
once the effects of a declining population
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인ꡬ κ°μ†Œμ˜ 영ν–₯이 본격적으둜 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κΈ°
02:44
start to settle in.
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μ‹œμž‘ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
At that point, we'll start romanticizing the future again,
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κ·Έ μ‹œμ μ—μ„œλŠ”, μ§€μ €λΆ„ν•˜κ³  μž”μΈν–ˆλ˜ κ³Όκ±° λŒ€μ‹ μ—
02:50
instead of the nasty, brutish past.
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λ‹€μ‹œ 미래λ₯Ό λ‚™κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ 바라보기 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μ£ .
02:53
So why does this matter?
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이런 μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό λ­ν•˜λŸ¬ ν•˜λƒλŠ” 뢄이 μžˆμ„κ±°μ—μš”.
02:55
Why talk about social-economic movements
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μ–΄μ°¨ν”Ό ν•œ 세기보닀 더 λ¨Ό 미래의
02:57
that may be more than a century away?
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μ‚¬νšŒκ²½μ œμ  변화인데 말이죠.
02:59
Because transitions are dangerous times.
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κ·Έ μ΄μœ λŠ” 역사적 μ „ν™˜κΈ°κ°€ 보톡 μœ„ν—˜ν•œ μ‹œκΈ°μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš”.
03:03
When land owners start to lose money,
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땅주인듀이 λˆμ„ μžƒκΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³ ,
03:06
and labor demands more pay,
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λ…Έλ™μžλ“€μ΄ μž„κΈˆ 인상을 μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λ©΄,
03:08
there are some powerful interests that are going to fear for the future.
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λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 두렀움을 μ‘°μž₯ν•˜λŠ” κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 이해관계가 ν˜•μ„±λ κ±°μ—μš”.
03:12
Fear for the future leads to some rash decisions.
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λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 두렀움은 μ’…μ’… 무λͺ¨ν•œ κ²°μ •μœΌλ‘œ 이어지죠.
03:16
If we have a positive view about the future
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λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 긍정적인 μ‹œκ°μ„ κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
03:19
then we may be able to accelerate through that turn,
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절벽으둜 뛰어내리기 λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” κ·Έ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ
03:22
instead of careening off a cliff.
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받아듀일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ„κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
If we can make it through the next 150 years,
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λ‹€κ°€μ˜€λŠ” 150λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 이런 것을 ν•΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
03:28
I think that your great great grandchildren
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ˜ μ†μžμ˜ μ†μžλ“€μ€
03:30
will forget all about Malthus.
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λ§¬μ„œμŠ€ λ”°μœ„λŠ” λ‹€ μžŠμ–΄λ²„λ¦¬κ² μ£ .
03:32
And instead, they'll be planning for the future
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그리고 λŒ€μ‹ μ— κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 미래λ₯Ό μ€€λΉ„ν•˜λ©°
03:36
and starting to build the 22nd Century Enlightenment.
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22μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ 계λͺ½μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό μΌμœΌν‚€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•  것이라 λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)

Original video on YouTube.com
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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