Elliot Krane: The mystery of chronic pain

237,733 views ・ 2011-05-19

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: J J LEE κ²€ν† : InHyuk Song
00:15
I'm a pediatrician and an anesthesiologist,
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μ €λŠ” μ†Œμ•„κ³Ό μ˜μ‚¬μ΄μž 마취 μ „λ¬Έμ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
so I put children to sleep for a living.
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μ €λŠ” 생계λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 아이듀을 μž μ— λΉ μ Έλ“€κ²Œ ν•˜μ£ .
00:19
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:21
And I'm an academic, so I put audiences to sleep for free.
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μ €λŠ” λ˜ν•œ λŒ€ν•™κ΅μˆ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 청쀑듀을 곡짜둜 μž λ“€κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ£ .
00:24
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:28
But what I actually mostly do
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œκ°€ 주둜 ν•˜λŠ” 것은
00:30
is I manage the pain management service
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νŒ”λ‘œ μ•Œν† μ‹œ(εΈ‚) μŠ€νƒ ν¬λ“œμ— μžˆλŠ”
00:32
at the Packard Children's Hospital up at Stanford in Palo Alto.
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νŒ¨μ»€λ“œ μ•„λ™λ³‘μ›μ—μ„œμ˜ 톡증 관리 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
And it's from the experience
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였늘 μ•„μΉ¨ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ μ „ν•˜λ €λŠ”
00:37
from about 20 or 25 years of doing that
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'톡증은 μ§ˆλ³‘'μ΄λ‹€λΌλŠ” λ‚΄μš©μ€
00:39
that I want to bring to you the message this morning,
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μ•½ 20~25λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ œκ°€ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•΄μ˜¨ 일의 κ²½ν—˜μ—μ„œ
00:41
that pain is a disease.
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λ‚˜μ˜¨ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
Now most of the time,
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ν˜„μž¬ 거의 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€
00:45
you think of pain as a symptom of a disease,
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톡증을 μ§ˆλ³‘μ˜ μ¦μƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
and that's true most of the time.
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λŒ€κ°œλŠ” λ§žλŠ” λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
It's the symptom of a tumor or an infection
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톡증은 μ’…μ–‘, 감염, 염증,
00:52
or an inflammation or an operation.
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수술의 μ¦μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
But about 10 percent of the time,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•½ 10% μ •λ„λŠ”
00:57
after the patient has recovered from one of those events,
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그런 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ 회볡된 이후에도
01:00
pain persists.
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톡증이 μ§€μ†λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
It persists for months
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수 κ°œμ›”κ°„, λ•Œλ‘œλŠ”
01:04
and oftentimes for years,
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수 λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ§€μ†λ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
and when that happens,
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그리고 그런 일이 일어날 λ•Œ,
01:08
it is its own disease.
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톡증은 κ·Έ 자체둜 μ§ˆλ³‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
And before I tell you about how it is that we think that happens
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ 그런 상황이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”μ§€,
01:13
and what we can do about it,
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‘°μΉ˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κΈ° 전에,
01:15
I want to show you how it feels for my patients.
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제 ν™˜μžλ“€μ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λŠλΌλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
So imagine, if you will,
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μ§€κΈˆ 제 νŒ”μ„ 문지λ₯΄λŠ” μ‹μœΌλ‘œ
01:20
that I'm stroking your arm with this feather,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ νŒ”μ„ 이 κΉƒν„Έλ‘œ 문지λ₯Έλ‹€λ©΄
01:22
as I'm stroking my arm right now.
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어떨지 μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
01:25
Now, I want you to imagine
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이제, νŒ”μ„ μ΄κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 문지λ₯Έλ‹€κ³ 
01:27
that I'm stroking it with this.
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μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
Please keep your seat.
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제발 자리λ₯Ό λœ¨μ§„ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
01:31
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:33
A very different feeling.
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μ•„μ£Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ λŠλ‚Œμ΄μ£ .
01:35
Now what does it have to do with chronic pain?
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자, 그것이 λ§Œμ„± 톡증과 무슨 관련이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:37
Imagine, if you will, these two ideas together.
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이 두 아이디어듀을 ν•¨κ»˜ μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
01:40
Imagine what your life would be like
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μ €λŠ” 이 κΉƒν„Έλ‘œ 문지λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ
01:42
if I were to stroke it with this feather,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λ‘λ‡Œκ°€ 이 ν† μΉ˜λ‘œ
01:45
but your brain was telling you
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문지λ₯΄κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ—¬κΈ΄λ‹€λ©΄
01:47
that this is what you are feeling --
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 삢이 어떨지 μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
01:49
and that is the experience of my patients with chronic pain.
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그것이 λ§Œμ„± 톡증을 가진 제 ν™˜μžκ°€ κ²½ν—˜ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
In fact, imagine something even worse.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 보닀 μ•ˆμ’‹μ€ 상황을 μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
01:54
Imagine I were to stroke your child's arm with this feather,
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μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μžλ…€μ˜ νŒ”μ„ 이 κΉƒν„Έλ‘œ 문지λ₯΄κ³ 
01:57
and their brain [was] telling them
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μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ λ‘λ‡Œκ°€ 뜨거운 ν† μΉ˜λΌκ³ 
01:59
that they were feeling this hot torch.
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μΈμ‹ν•œλ‹€κ³  상상을 ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
02:02
That was the experience of my patient, Chandler,
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그것이 μ‚¬μ§„μ—μ„œ 보고 계신 제 ν™˜μžμΈ
02:04
whom you see in the photograph.
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μ±ˆλ“€λŸ¬μ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
As you can see, she's a beautiful, young woman.
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λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 아름닡고 μ Šμ€ μ—¬μ„±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
She was 16 years old last year when I met her,
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μž‘λ…„μ— κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚¬μ„ λ•Œ 16μ‚΄μ΄μ—ˆκ³ ,
02:10
and she aspired to be a professional dancer.
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μ „λ¬Έ λŒ„μ„œκ°€ 되기λ₯Ό 바라고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
And during the course of one of her dance rehearsals,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λŒ„μŠ€ μ˜ˆν–‰μ—°μŠ΅ κ³Όμ • 쀑에
02:15
she fell on her outstretched arm and sprained her wrist.
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λ»—μΉœ νŒ” μœ„λ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄μ‘Œκ³  νŒ”λͺ©μ„ μ‚μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
Now you would probably imagine, as she did,
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 그랬던 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ, 손λͺ©μ΄ μ‚λŠ” 것은
02:20
that a wrist sprain is a trivial event
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ν•œ 개인의 인생에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
02:22
in a person's life.
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μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ μ‚¬κ±΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
Wrap it in an ACE bandage,
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손λͺ©μ— μ••λ°•λΆ•λŒ€λ₯Ό 감고,
02:26
take some ibuprofen for a week or two,
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1~2μ£Ό 정도 μ†Œμ—Όμ œλ₯Ό 먹으면
02:28
and that's the end of the story.
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λ‹€ 해결이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
But in Chandler's case, that was the beginning of the story.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ±ˆλ“€λŸ¬μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—, 그것은 μ‹œμž‘μ— λΆˆκ³Όν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
This is what her arm looked like
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λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” 것은 κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 손λͺ©μ„ 삐고 3달쯀 후에
02:36
when she came to my clinic about three months after her sprain.
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제 μ§„λ£Œμ†Œλ‘œ 찾아왔을 λ•Œ νŒ”μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
You can see that the arm is discolored,
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κ·Έ νŒ”μ΄ λ³€μƒ‰λ˜μ–΄ μžμ€λΉ›μ„ 띈 것을
02:41
purplish in color.
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확인할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
It was cadaverically cold to the touch.
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λ§Œμ§€λ©΄ μ‹œμ²΄μ²˜λŸΌ μ°¨κ°€μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
The muscles were frozen, paralyzed --
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κ·Όμœ‘λ“€μ΄ μ°¨κ°€μ› κ³  λ§ˆλΉ„λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
dystonic is how we refer to that.
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그것을 이상긴μž₯(η•°εΈΈη·ŠεΌ΅)이라 μΌμ»«μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
The pain had spread from her wrist to her hands,
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톡증은 κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 손λͺ©μ—μ„œ 손과 손가락 λκΉŒμ§€,
02:53
to her fingertips, from her wrist up to her elbow,
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손λͺ©μ—μ„œ νŒ”κΏˆμΉ˜κΉŒμ§€,
02:56
almost all the way to her shoulder.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μ–΄κΉ¨κΉŒμ§€ νΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
But the worst part was,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ°€μž₯ μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 것은
03:00
not the spontaneous pain that was there 24 hours a day.
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ν•˜λ£¨ 24μ‹œκ°„ μ§€μ†λ˜λŠ” κ·Έ 고톡이 μžμ—°λ°œμƒμ μΈ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
The worst part was that she had allodynia,
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 깃털을 ν† μΉ˜λ‘œ λŠλΌλŠ” ν˜„μƒμ„
03:06
the medical term for the phenomenon that I just illustrated
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κ°€λ¦¬ν‚€λŠ” μ˜ν•™ μš©μ–΄μΈ μ΄μ§ˆν†΅μ„ 가지고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이
03:09
with the feather and with the torch.
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κ°€μž₯ κ³¨μΉ«κ±°λ¦¬μ˜€μ£ .
03:11
The lightest touch of her arm --
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ μ˜·μ„ μž…μ„ λ•Œ
03:13
the touch of a hand,
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μ†Œλ§€λ‘œ νŒ”μ΄λ‚˜ 손에
03:15
the touch even of a sleeve, of a garment, as she put it on --
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κ°€λ²Όμš΄ 접촉이 이루어지더라도
03:18
caused excruciating, burning pain.
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λͺΉμ‹œ κ΄΄λ‘­κ³  μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 톡증을 μœ λ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
How can the nervous system get this so wrong?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 신경계가 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 잘λͺ»λ  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:25
How can the nervous system
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 신경계가 μ†μ˜ 접촉 같이
03:27
misinterpret an innocent sensation
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μ•…μ˜ μ—†λŠ” 감각을 잘 λͺ» ν•΄μ„ν•΄μ„œ
03:29
like the touch of a hand
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화염에 μ˜ν•œ 접촉 같은
03:31
and turn it into the malevolent sensation
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μ•…μ˜μ μΈ λŠλ‚ŒμœΌλ‘œ
03:34
of the touch of the flame?
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바꿔놓을 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:36
Well you probably imagine that the nervous system in the body
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자, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ‹ μ²΄μ˜ 신경계가 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μ§‘μ²˜λŸΌ λ‚΄μž₯된 것이라
03:39
is hardwired like your house.
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생각해 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
In your house, wires run in the wall,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μ§‘μ—λŠ”, 전ꡬ μŠ€μœ„μΉ˜μ—μ„œ
03:43
from the light switch to a junction box in the ceiling
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천μž₯의 접속 λ°°μ„ ν•¨κΉŒμ§€, 접속 λ°°μ„ ν•¨μ—μ„œ μ „κ΅¬κΉŒμ§€
03:46
and from the junction box to the light bulb.
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λ²½ μ•ˆμͺ½μœΌλ‘œ 전선이 μ§€λ‚˜κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
And when you turn the switch on, the light goes on.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μŠ€μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό μΌ€ λ•Œ, 전ꡬ도 μΌœμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
And when you turn the switch off, the light goes off.
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μŠ€μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό 끌 λ•Œ, 전ꡬ도 꺼지죠.
03:54
So people imagine the nervous system is just like that.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 신경계가 그것과 λ™μΌν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
If you hit your thumb with a hammer,
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망치둜 엄지손가락을 λ‚΄λ¦¬μΉœλ‹€λ©΄,
04:00
these wires in your arm -- that, of course, we call nerves --
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νŒ”μ— μžˆλŠ” 전선이, -- λ¬Όλ‘  신경을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. --
04:03
transmit the information into the junction box in the spinal cord
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정보λ₯Ό μ²™μˆ˜μ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ 접속 λ°°μ„ ν•¨μœΌλ‘œ 전달을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
where new wires, new nerves,
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μ²™μˆ˜λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ „μ„ , μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 신경이
04:08
take the information up to the brain
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 손가락이 μ•„ν”„λ‹€λŠ” 것을
04:10
where you become consciously aware that your thumb is now hurt.
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μΈμ§€ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ‘λ‡ŒκΉŒμ§€ 정보λ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” 곳이죠.
04:14
But the situation, of course, in the human body
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 인체 μ•ˆμ—μ„œμ˜ 상황은 λ¬Όλ‘ 
04:16
is far more complicated than that.
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그것보닀 훨씬 더 λ³΅μž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
Instead of it being the case
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μ²™μˆ˜μ— μžˆλŠ” 접속 배선함이
04:21
that that junction box in the spinal cord
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μ‹ κ²½μ „λ‹¬λ¬Όμ§ˆμ΄λΌ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ”
04:23
is just simple where one nerve connects with the next nerve
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화학적 정보가 λ‹΄κΈ΄ 이런 μž‘μ€ κ°ˆμƒ‰ 쑰각듀을
04:26
by releasing these little brown packets
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μ„ ν˜•μ˜ 1λŒ€ 1 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 내보내어
04:28
of chemical information called neurotransmitters
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λ‹€μŒ μ‹ κ²½κ³Όμ˜ 연결을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 신경이
04:31
in a linear one-on-one fashion,
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λ˜λŠ” 것 λŒ€μ‹ μ—,
04:34
in fact, what happens
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” μ‹ κ²½μ „λ‹¬λ¬Όμ§ˆμ΄
04:36
is the neurotransmitters spill out in three dimensions --
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μ²™μˆ˜ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 쒌우둜, 수직으둜, μœ„ μ•„λž˜λ‘œ
04:38
laterally, vertically, up and down in the spinal cord --
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3μ°¨μ›μ μœΌλ‘œ μŸμ•„μ Έ λ‚˜μ˜€κ³  κ·Όμ ‘ν•œ 세포듀과
04:41
and they start interacting
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μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” 일이
04:43
with other adjacent cells.
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λ²Œμ–΄μ§€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
These cells, called glial cells,
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신경아ꡐ세포라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ”
04:48
were once thought to be
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이 세포듀이 ν•œ λ•ŒλŠ”
04:50
unimportant structural elements of the spinal cord
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λͺ¨λ“  μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것듀을 ν•¨κ»˜ μœ μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 것에 λΆˆκ³Όν•œ
04:52
that did nothing more than hold all the important things together,
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μ²™μˆ˜μ˜ μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ ꡬ쑰적 μš”μ†Œλ“€λ‘œλ§Œ
04:54
like the nerves.
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μ—¬κ²¨μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
But it turns out
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 신경아ꡐ세포가
04:58
the glial cells have a vital role
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쑰절과 증폭,
05:00
in the modulation, amplification
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감각 κ²½ν—˜μ˜ μ™œκ³‘μΈ
05:02
and, in the case of pain, the distortion
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ν†΅μ¦μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을
05:05
of sensory experiences.
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μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜κ³  있음이 λ°ν˜€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
These glial cells become activated.
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이 신경아ꡐ세포듀은 ν™œμ„±μ΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
Their DNA starts to synthesize new proteins,
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κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ DNAκ°€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ„ ν•©μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³ ,
05:12
which spill out
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μŸμ•„μ Έ λ‚˜μ™€
05:14
and interact with adjacent nerves,
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κ·Όμ ‘ν•œ μ‹ κ²½κ³Ό μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:16
and they start releasing their neurotransmitters,
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μ‹ κ²½μ „λ‹¬λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ 내어놓기 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ£ .
05:19
and those neurotransmitters spill out
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μ‹ κ²½μ „λ‹¬λ¬Όμ§ˆμ΄ μŸμ•„μ Έ λ‚˜μ˜€κ³ ,
05:21
and activate adjacent glial cells, and so on and so forth,
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κ·Όμ ‘ν•œ 신경아ꡐ세포듀을 ν™œμ„±ν™”μ‹œν‚€λ©°,
05:24
until what we have
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μ •κ·€ν™˜ μˆœν™˜μ΄ λ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€
05:26
is a positive feedback loop.
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κ³„μ†λ˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
It's almost as if somebody came into your home
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그것은 λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 집에 λ°©λ¬Έν•˜μ—¬
05:30
and rewired your walls
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벽의 배선을 λ°”κΎΈκ³  λ‚˜μ„œ
05:32
so that the next time you turned on the light switch,
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λ‹€μŒλ²ˆμ— μ „λ“± μŠ€μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό μΌ€ λ•Œ,
05:34
the toilet flushed three doors down,
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3μΈ΅ μ•„λž˜ ν™”μž₯μ‹€ 물이 λ‚΄λ €κ°€κ±°λ‚˜
05:36
or your dishwasher went on,
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식기세척기가 λŒμ•„κ°€κ³ 
05:38
or your computer monitor turned off.
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컴퓨터 λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°κ°€ κΊΌμ§€λŠ” 것과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
That's crazy,
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말도 μ•ˆλ˜λŠ” 일이죠.
05:42
but that's, in fact, what happens
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹€μ œ λ§Œμ„±μ  ν†΅μ¦μ—μ„œ
05:44
with chronic pain.
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λ²Œμ–΄μ§€λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
And that's why pain becomes its own disease.
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그리고 그것이 톡증이 μ§ˆλ³‘μ΄ λ˜λŠ” μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:49
The nervous system has plasticity.
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μ‹ κ²½κ³„λŠ” κ°€μ†Œμ„±μ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
It changes, and it morphs
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μ‹ κ²½κ³„λŠ” μžκ·Ήμ— λŒ€μ‘ν•˜μ—¬
05:53
in response to stimuli.
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λ³€ν™”ν•˜κ³  λ³€ν˜•λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
Well, what do we do about that?
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자, 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 무엇을 ν• κΉŒμš”?
05:57
What can we do in a case like Chandler's?
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μ±ˆλ“€λŸ¬μ™€ 같은 κ²½μš°μ—μ„œ 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
06:00
We treat these patients in a rather crude fashion
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이 μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν™˜μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ
06:02
at this point in time.
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μ›λž˜ κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œμ˜ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 치료λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
We treat them with symptom-modifying drugs --
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 증세λ₯Ό μ™„ν™”μ‹œν‚€λŠ” μ•½κ³Ό
06:07
painkillers --
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μ§„ν†΅μ œλ₯Ό μ²˜λ°©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:09
which are, frankly, not very effective
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μ‚¬μ‹€λŒ€λ‘œ λ§ν•˜λ©΄, 그런 μ²˜λ°©μ€ 이런 톡증에
06:11
for this kind of pain.
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μ•„μ£Ό νš¨κ³Όμ μ΄μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
We take nerves that are noisy and active
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ½κ³  ν™œλ™μ μΈ 신경을
06:15
that should be quiet,
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μ •μ μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆκ³ ,
06:17
and we put them to sleep with local anesthetics.
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κ΅­μ†Œ 마취제둜 μž λ“€κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:19
And most importantly, what we do
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•œ 것은
06:22
is we use a rigorous, and often uncomfortable, process
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일상적인 ν™œλ™κ³Ό 감각적 κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ
06:26
of physical therapy and occupational therapy
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정상적인 λ°˜μ‘μ„ μ·¨ν•˜λ„λ‘
06:29
to retrain the nerves in the nervous system
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μ‹ κ²½κ³„μ˜ 신경을 μž¬κ΅μœ‘ν•˜λŠ”
06:32
to respond normally
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물리 μš”λ²•κ³Ό
06:35
to the activities and sensory experiences
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μž‘μ—… μš”λ²•μ˜ μ—„κ²©ν•˜κ³  μ’…μ’… λΆˆνŽΈν•œ 과정을
06:38
that are part of everyday life.
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ν™œμš©ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:40
And we support all of that
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ μ‹¬ν•˜κ³ 
06:42
with an intensive psychotherapy program
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λ§Œμ„± 톡증에 μˆ˜λ°˜λ˜λŠ”
06:45
to address the despondency, despair and depression
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λ‚™λ‹΄, 절망, μš°μšΈν•¨μ„ λ‹€λ£° 수 μžˆλŠ”
06:48
that always accompanies
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κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μ •μ‹ μš”λ²• ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μœΌλ‘œ
06:50
severe, chronic pain.
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κ·Έ λͺ¨λ“  것을 μ§€μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:52
It's successful,
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κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό 처음 λ§Œλ‚œ 이후
06:54
as you can see from this video of Chandler,
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2달이 μ§€λ‚˜ μ΄μ œλŠ” λ’€λ‘œ κ³΅μ€‘μ œλΉ„λ₯Ό λ„˜λŠ”
06:56
who, two months after we first met her,
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μ±ˆλ“€λŸ¬μ˜ μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ“―
06:58
is now doings a back flip.
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그것은 μ„±κ³΅μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:00
And I had lunch with her yesterday
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μ €λŠ” μ–΄μ œ 그녀와 점심식사λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
because she's a college student studying dance at Long Beach here,
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ μ—¬κΈ° λ‘±λΉ„μΉ˜μ—μ„œ λŒ„μŠ€λ₯Ό κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” λŒ€ν•™μƒμ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
and she's doing absolutely fantastic.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό ν™˜μƒμ μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄λ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:07
But the future is actually even brighter.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ λ―Έλž˜λŠ” 더 밝을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:11
The future holds the promise
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증세λ₯Ό μ™„ν™”μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 약이 μ•„λ‹Œ
07:14
that new drugs will be developed
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 약이 κ°œλ°œλ˜μ–΄
07:16
that are not symptom-modifying drugs
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문제λ₯Ό ν•΄μ†Œν•  κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ”
07:19
that simply mask the problem,
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미래의 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:21
as we have now,
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μ§€κΈˆ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λŠ” 바와 같이,
07:23
but that will be disease-modifying drugs
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그것은 증세λ₯Ό μ™„ν™”μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 약이 아닐 것이고,
07:26
that will actually go right to the root of the problem
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 문제의 κ·Όμ›μœΌλ‘œ κ°€μ„œ
07:28
and attack those glial cells,
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μ‹ κ²½μ•„κ΅μ„Έν¬λ‚˜
07:30
or those pernicious proteins
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신경아ꡐ세포가 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄κ³ 
07:32
that the glial cells elaborate,
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νΌμ Έμ„œ 이런 쀑좔신경계에
07:35
that spill over and cause this central nervous system wind-up,
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문제λ₯Ό μΌμœΌν‚€κ±°λ‚˜ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 톡증이라고 μΌμ»«λŠ”
07:38
or plasticity,
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감각적 κ²½ν—˜μ„
07:40
that so is capable
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μ™œκ³‘ν•˜κ³  μ¦ν­μ‹œν‚€λ©°
07:42
of distorting and amplifying
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κ°€μ†Œμ„±μ„ μœ λ°œν•˜λŠ”
07:44
the sensory experience that we call pain.
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ν•΄λ‘œμš΄ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ„ 곡격할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:46
So I have hope
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μ €λŠ” λ―Έλž˜μ—
07:48
that in the future,
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λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은
07:50
the prophetic words of George Carlin will be realized,
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쑰지 칼린의 μ˜ˆμ–Έμ΄ μ‹€ν˜„λ˜κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:53
who said, "My philosophy:
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"μ €μ˜ 철학은 μ΄λ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
No pain, no pain."
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톡증 없이, 톡증도 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
07:59
Thank you very much.
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λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:01
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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