Can we eat to starve cancer? | William Li

1,275,194 views ใƒป 2010-05-17

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: hyuna choi ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seo Rim Kim
00:17
Good afternoon.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
00:19
There's a medical revolution happening all around us,
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ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒํ˜๋ช…์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
and it's one that's going to help us conquer
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์ด ์˜๋ฃŒํ˜๋ช…์€
00:24
some of society's most dreaded conditions,
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์•”์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
00:26
including cancer.
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๋„์›€์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
The revolution is called angiogenesis,
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์ด ํ˜๋ช…์€ "ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
and it's based on the process that our bodies use to grow blood vessels.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชธ์ด ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„
์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
So why should we care about blood vessels?
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์— ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
00:38
Well, the human body is literally packed with them --
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชธ์€ ๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 60000๋งˆ์ผ์˜
00:41
60,000 miles worth in a typical adult.
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋“ค๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์ฐจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
End to end, that would form a line that would circle the earth twice.
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๋์—์„œ ๋์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์€
์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
The smallest blood vessels are called capillaries.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์€ "๋ชจ์„ธํ˜ˆ๊ด€"์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
We've got 19 billion of them in our bodies.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชธ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ์„ธํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ด 190์–ต ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
And these are the vessels of life,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด
00:58
and as I'll show you, they can also be the vessels of death.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
Now, the remarkable thing about blood vessels
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
01:05
is that they have this ability
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ด ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๋“ ์ง€ ๊ฐ„์—
01:07
to adapt to whatever environment they're growing in.
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์ ์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š”, ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:10
For example, in the liver, they form channels to detoxify the blood;
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์ฑ„๋„์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
in the lungs, they line air sacs for gas exchange.
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ํ์—์„œ๋Š”, ๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ตํ™˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
In muscle, they corkscrew,
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๊ทผ์œก์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋‚˜์„ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์—ฌ์„œ
01:17
so that muscles can contract without cutting off circulation.
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์ˆœํ™˜์ ˆ๋‹จ ์—†์ด ๊ทผ์œก์ด ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
And in nerves, they course along like power lines,
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ „์„ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ์„œ
01:23
keeping those nerves alive.
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ด ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋„๋ก ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
We get most of these blood vessels
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๊ถ์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—
01:27
when we're actually still in the womb.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์„ฑ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
01:30
And what that means is that as adults,
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01:32
blood vessels don't normally grow.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค์€ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณค,
01:34
Except in a few special circumstances.
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
In women, blood vessels grow every month,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ž๊ถ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:40
to build the lining of the uterus.
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๋งค ๋‹ฌ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
During pregnancy, they form the placenta,
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์ž„์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ, ์—„๋งˆ์™€ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š”
01:44
which connects mom and baby.
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ํƒœ๋ฐ˜์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
And after injury, blood vessels actually have to grow under the scab
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๋ถ€์ƒ ํ›„,
ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์€ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:51
in order to heal a wound.
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๋”ฑ์ง€์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
And this is actually what it looks like,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
hundreds of blood vessels, all growing toward the center of the wound.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋“ค์ด
์ƒ์ฒ˜์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
So the body has the ability to regulate
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๋ชธ์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋ผ๋„ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์˜ ์–‘์„
02:02
the amount of blood vessels that are present at any given time.
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์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
It does this through an elaborate and elegant system of checks and balances,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ณ ,
์ ๊ฒ€๊ณผ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„์ด๋ฉฐ,
02:09
stimulators and inhibitors of angiogenesis,
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๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
such that, when we need a brief burst of blood vessels,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์˜ ์ž ์‹œ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ํŒŒ์—ด์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ,
02:15
the body can do this by releasing stimulators,
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๋ชธ์€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์™€
02:18
proteins called angiogenic factors,
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์ž์—ฐ๋น„๋ฃŒ๋กœ์จ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š”
02:20
that act as natural fertilizer, and stimulate new blood vessels to sprout.
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์‹ ์ƒํ˜ˆ๊ด€์š”์ธ์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ด ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜๋„๋ก ์ž๊ทนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
When those excess vessels are no longer needed,
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์ดˆ๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ,
02:26
the body prunes them back to baseline,
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๋ชธ์€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์˜ ์–ต์ œ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ
02:29
using naturally-occurring inhibitors of angiogenesis.
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๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
There are other situations where we start beneath the baseline,
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๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
and we need to grow more blood vessels, just to get back to normal levels --
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ƒํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์€ ํ›„.
02:40
for example, after an injury --
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๋ชธ์€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ
02:41
and the body can do that too, but only to that normal level,
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๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:44
that set point.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
But what we now know, is that for a number of diseases,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
02:49
there are defects in the system,
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๋ชธ์€ ์—ฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋“ค์„ ์ž˜๋ผ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ ,
02:51
where the body can't prune back extra blood vessels,
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์ ๊ธฐ์ ์‹œ์—
02:54
or can't grow enough new ones in the right place at the right time.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋“ค์„ ์ž˜๋ผ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š”
๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
And in these situations, angiogenesis is out of balance.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค์—์„œ
ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์€ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
And when angiogenesis is out of balance,
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์ด ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
03:04
a myriad of diseases result.
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๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
For example, insufficient angiogenesis -- not enough blood vessels --
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ถˆ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์€,
์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์€,
03:10
leads to wounds that don't heal, heart attacks,
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋ฐœ์ž‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ ,
03:13
legs without circulation, death from stroke,
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ˆœํ™˜์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:15
nerve damage.
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ์†์ƒ์„ ์ž…ํžˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
And on the other end, excessive angiogenesis --
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”, ์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ์‹ ์ƒํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
too many blood vessels -- drives disease,
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03:22
and we see this in cancer, blindness,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„
03:24
arthritis, obesity, Alzheimer's disease.
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์•”, ์‹ค๋ช…, ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ, ๋น„๋งŒ,
์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ๋ณ‘์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
In total, there are more than 70 major diseases
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์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ,
03:31
affecting more than a billion people worldwide,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ 10์–ต ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
03:34
that all look on the surface to be different from one another,
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์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” 70๋Œ€ ์ฃผ์š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
03:37
but all actually share abnormal angiogenesis
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต๋ถ„๋ชจ๋กœ์จ
03:40
as their common denominator.
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๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
And this realization is allowing us to re-conceptualize
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์ด ์ž๊ฐ์€
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
03:45
the way that we actually approach these diseases,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
03:48
by controlling angiogenesis.
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์žฌ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™” ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
Now, I'm going to focus on cancer,
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์ €๋Š” ์•”์— ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
because angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer --
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์€
03:56
every type of cancer.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•”์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
So here we go.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
This is a tumor: dark, gray, ominous mass growing inside a brain.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‡Œ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๊ธธํ•œ ์ข…์–‘ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
And under the microscope,
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ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด,
04:05
you can see hundreds of these brown-stained blood vessels,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ์ ๋“ค์ด ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณผ
04:08
capillaries that are feeding cancer cells,
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์•”์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์„ธํ˜ˆ๊ด€์„ ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด๊ณ ,
04:10
bringing oxygen and nutrients.
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์‚ฐ์†Œ์™€ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
But cancers don't start out like this,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•”์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
and in fact, cancers don't start out with a blood supply.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์•”์€
ํ˜ˆ์•ก๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
They start out as small, microscopic nests of cells,
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์•”์€ ์ž‘๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์˜ ์‘์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
that can only grow to one half a cubic millimeter in size.
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์•”์€
30์„ธ์ œ๊ณฑ ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ถ„์˜ ์ผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ์ž๋ž„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
That's the tip of a ballpoint pen.
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์ด ๋ณผํŽœ์˜ ๋์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
04:29
Then they can't get any larger because they don't have a blood supply,
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์•”์€ ํ˜ˆ์•ก๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ํด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•”์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋‚˜ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
so they don't have enough oxygen or nutrients.
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04:34
In fact, we're probably forming these microscopic cancers
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชธ ์†์—
ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์•”์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
all the time in our body.
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04:40
Autopsy studies from people who died in car accidents
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์ฐจ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‹œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
04:43
have shown that about 40 percent of women between the ages of 40 and 50
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40๋Œ€์—์„œ 50๋Œ€์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค ์ค‘
์•ฝ 40%๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
04:48
actually have microscopic cancers in their breasts.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šด์— ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์•”์„
๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
About 50 percent of men in their 50s and 60s
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50๋Œ€์—์„œ 60๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์•ฝ 50%๋Š”
04:54
have microscopic prostate cancers,
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๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„  ์•”์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
and virtually 100 percent of us, by the time we reach our 70s,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 70๋Œ€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด
์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ 100%๊ฐ€
05:01
will have microscopic cancers growing in our thyroid.
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๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„ ์— ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์•”์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
Yet, without a blood supply,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ํ˜ˆ์•ก๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:06
most of these cancers will never become dangerous.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์•”์€
์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
Dr. Judah Folkman, who was my mentor
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์ €์˜ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ์ด์ž
05:12
and who was the pioneer of the angiogenesis field,
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž์ธ ์ฃผ๋‹ค ํฌํฌ๋งจ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š”
05:15
once called this "cancer without disease."
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "์งˆ๋ณ‘์—†๋Š” ์•”"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
So the body's ability to balance angiogenesis,
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•  ๋•Œ,
05:22
when it's working properly,
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์‹ ์ƒํ˜ˆ๊ด€์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๋ชธ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€
05:24
prevents blood vessels from feeding cancers.
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ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ด ์•”์—๊ฒŒ ๋จนํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์•„์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
And this turns out to be
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€
05:28
one of our most important defense mechanisms
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์•”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ธฐ์ œ๋“ค ์ค‘
05:31
against cancer.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
In fact, if you actually block angiogenesis
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ ,
05:35
and prevent blood vessels from ever reaching cancer cells,
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์•”์„ธํฌ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
์ข…์–‘์€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
tumors simply can't grow up.
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05:39
But once angiogenesis occurs,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋‹จ ์‹ ์ƒํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
05:41
cancers can grow exponentially.
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์•”์€ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
And this is actually how a cancer goes from being harmless,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•”์ด
๋ฌดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ
05:48
to being deadly.
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์น˜๋ช…์ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:50
Cancer cells mutate,
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์•”์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋˜์–ด
05:52
and they gain the ability to release lots of those angiogenic factors,
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์•”์œผ๋กœ ์นจ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•,
๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ๊ณผ
05:55
natural fertilizer,
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05:56
that tip the balance in favor of blood vessels invading the cancer.
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์ž์—ฐ๋น„๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„
๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
And once those vessels invade the cancer,
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์ผ๋‹จ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ด ์•”์œผ๋กœ ์นจ์ž…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด,
06:02
it can expand, it can invade local tissues,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™•์žฅ ๋˜์–ด, ์ง€์—ญ ์„ธํฌ์— ์นจ์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
and the same vessels that are feeding tumors
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์ข…์–‘์„ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋“ค์€
06:07
allow cancer cells to exit into the circulation as metastases.
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์•”์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ „์ด๋กœ์จ
์•”์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
And unfortunately, this late stage of cancer
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„,
06:15
is the one at which it's most likely to be diagnosed,
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์•”์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š”
ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด
06:19
when angiogenesis is already turned on,
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์•”์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํžˆ ์ž๋ž์„ ๋•Œ,
06:21
and cancer cells are growing like wild.
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์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
So, if angiogenesis is a tipping point
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ
ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์ด ๋ฌดํ•ดํ•œ ์•”๊ณผ ์œ ํ•ดํ•œ ์•” ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ
06:29
between a harmless cancer and a harmful one,
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ํ‹ฐํ•‘ํฌ์ธํŠธ(์ž‘์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋งŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋„ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ)๋ผ๋ฉด,
06:32
then one major part of the angiogenesis revolution
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
06:35
is a new approach to treating cancer
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ํ˜ˆ์•ก ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์ ˆ๋‹จํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
06:37
by cutting off the blood supply.
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์•”์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
We call this antiangiogenic therapy,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
and it's completely different from chemotherapy,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
because it selectively aims
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•”์„ ๋จน๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์„
06:47
at the blood vessels that are feeding the cancers.
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์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
We can do this because tumor blood vessels are unlike normal, healthy vessels
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข…์–‘ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
we see in other places of the body --
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06:56
they're abnormal, they're very poorly constructed,
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๋น„์ •์ƒ ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค;
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค;
07:00
and because of that, they're highly vulnerable
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์—
07:02
to treatments that target them.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
In effect, when we give cancer patients antiangiogenic therapy --
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•”์— ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ์š”๋ฒ• --
07:09
here, an experimental drug for a glioma,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ, ๋‡Œ์ข…์–‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ต์ข…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
07:12
which is a type of brain tumor --
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์‹คํ—˜์ ์ธ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
07:14
you can see that there are dramatic changes that occur
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์ข…์–‘์ด ๊ตถ์ฃผ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ,
07:17
when the tumor is being starved.
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๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
Here's a woman with a breast cancer,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์— ๊ฑธ๋ ค
07:21
being treated with the antiangiogenic drug called Avastin,
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FDA์˜ ์Šน์ธ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์•„์นด์Šคํ‹ด ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ
07:24
which is FDA approved.
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ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
And you can see that the halo of blood flow
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ›„์—
07:29
disappears after treatment.
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ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
Well, I've just shown you two very different types of cancer
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜
ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š”
07:36
that both responded to antiangiogenic therapy.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํƒ€์ž…์˜ ์•”์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
So a few years ago, I asked myself,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์—, ์ €๋Š” ์ € ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
"Can we take this one step further and treat other cancers,
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•”๋“ค์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
07:45
even in other species?"
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์—์„œ๋„?"
07:49
So here is a nine year-old boxer named Milo,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๋Š” 9์‚ด์˜ ๋ณต์„œ, ๋งˆ์ผ๋กœ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
who had a very aggressive tumor
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์ด ๊ฐ•์ด์ง€์˜ ์–ด๊นจ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•…์„ฑ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์„ฌ์œ ์ข…์ด๋ผ๋Š”
07:53
called a malignant neurofibroma growing on his shoulder.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ข…์–‘์ด ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
It invaded into his lungs.
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์ด ์ข…์–‘์€ ํ๋กœ ์นจ์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
His veterinarian only gave him three months to live.
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์ˆ˜์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๊ฐ€ 3๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ–์— ์‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
So we created a cocktail of antiangiogenic drugs
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์–‘์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”
08:03
that could be mixed into his dog food,
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ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ํฌ๋ฆผ์„
08:05
as well as an antiangiogenic cream,
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๊ฐ•์•„์ง€์˜ ์Œ์‹์— ์„ž์–ด์„œ
08:07
that could be applied on the surface of the tumor.
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ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์นตํ…Œ์ผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
And within a few weeks of treatment,
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์ด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ์•ˆ์—
08:12
we were able to slow down that cancer's growth,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•”์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
such that we were ultimately able to extend Miloโ€™s survival
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ˆ˜์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์˜
08:18
to six times what the veterinarian had initially predicted,
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6๋ฐฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์‚ถ์„
08:21
all with a very good quality of life.
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๋งˆ์ผ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
And we've subsequently treated more than 600 dogs.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ 600๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
We have about a 60 percent response rate,
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์•ฝ 60% ์ •๋„์˜ ์‘๋‹ต๋ฅ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
08:29
and improved survival for these pets
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์•ˆ๋ฝ์‚ฌ๋˜๋ ค ํ•˜๋˜
08:31
that were about to be euthanized.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๋“ค์„ ์‚ด๋ ค๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
So let me show you a couple of even more interesting examples.
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์ž, ๋”์šฑ ํฅ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š”
๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
This is 20-year-old dolphin living in Florida,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์— ์‚ด๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” 20์‚ด์ด ๋œ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
and she had these lesions in her mouth
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์ด ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋Š” ์ž… ์†์—
08:42
that, over the course of three years,
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์นจ์Šต์„ฑ์ธ ๋น„๋Š˜๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์•” ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ
08:44
developed into invasive squamous cell cancers.
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3๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
So we created an antiangiogenic paste.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
We had it painted on top of the cancer three times a week.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— 3๋ฒˆ์”ฉ
์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•”์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์น ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
And over the course of seven months,
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7๊ฐœ์›”์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ 
08:56
the cancers completely disappeared,
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์•”์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๊ณ ,
08:58
and the biopsies came back as normal.
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์ƒ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
Here's a cancer growing on the lip
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋„ค์Šค ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์˜
09:04
of a Quarter Horse named Guinness.
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์ž…์ˆ ์˜ 4๋ถ„์˜ 1๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์— ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•” ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
It's a very, very deadly type of cancer called an angiosarcoma.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์œก์ข…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์•” ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
It had already spread to his lymph nodes,
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์ด ์•”์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ง์˜ ๋ฆผํ”„๋…ธ๋“œ๋กœ ํผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
so we used an antiangiogenic skin cream for the lip,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž…์ˆ ์—
09:14
and the oral cocktail, so we could treat from the inside as well as the outside.
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ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ์Šคํ‚จํฌ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ์นตํ…Œ์ผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ชฝ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
And over the course of six months,
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6๋‹ฌ์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„,
09:21
he experienced a complete remission.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
And here he is six years later,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ 6๋…„์ด ํ๋ฅธ ๋’ค,
09:27
Guinness, with his very happy owner.
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๊ธฐ๋„ค์Šค์™€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:33
Now obviously, antiangiogenic therapy could be used for a wide range of cancers.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ, ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š”
๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์•”์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
And in fact, the first pioneering treatments
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
09:40
for people as well as dogs,
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ ๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š”
09:42
are already becoming available.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
There are 12 different drugs, 11 different cancer types.
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12๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ๋“ค๊ณผ 11๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•”๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
But the real question is:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง„์งœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค :
09:49
How well do these work in practice?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
09:51
So here's actually the patient survival data
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 8๊ฐœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํƒ€์ž…์˜ ์•”์˜
09:54
from eight different types of cancer.
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ํ™˜์ž ์ƒ์กด ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
The bars represent survival time
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋Š”
09:58
taken from the era in which there was only chemotherapy,
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ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ , ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
๋ฐ›์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜
10:02
or surgery, or radiation available.
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์ƒ์กด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
But starting in 2004,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง„
10:07
when antiangiogenic therapies first became available,
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2004๋…„์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฌด๋ ต,
์‹ ์žฅ ์•”, ๋‹ค๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๊ณจ์ˆ˜์ฆ,
10:10
you can see that there has been a 70 to 100 percent improvement in survival
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๊ฒฐ์žฅ ์•”, ์œ„์žฅ ์ข…์–‘์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜
์ƒ์กด์— ์•ฝ 70%์—์„œ 100%์˜
10:15
for people with kidney cancer, multiple myeloma,
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๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
10:18
colorectal cancer, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
That's impressive.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ธ์ƒ์  ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
But for other tumors and cancer types,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ข…์–‘๊ณผ ์•”์—์„œ์˜
10:27
the improvements have only been modest.
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๊ฐœ์„ ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ๋น„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
So I started asking myself,
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์ €๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
"Why haven't we been able to do better?"
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"์™œ ๋” ์ข‹์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€?"
10:35
And the answer, to me, is obvious:
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๋‹ต์€ ๋ถ„๋ช… ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค;
10:37
we're treating cancer too late in the game,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ณ‘์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žก์•˜์„ ๋•Œ,
10:39
when it's already established,
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์ข…์ข… ์ด๋ฏธ ํผ์กŒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „์ด๊ฐ€ ๋œ,
10:41
and oftentimes, it's already spread or metastasized.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ์–ด์„œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
And as a doctor,
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์˜์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ, ์ €๋Š”
10:45
I know that once a disease progresses to an advanced stage,
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์ผ๋‹จ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด
10:49
achieving a cure can be difficult, if not impossible.
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„
์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ž€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž˜ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
So I went back to the biology of angiogenesis, and started thinking:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์‹ ์ƒํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋กœ
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์™”๊ณ 
์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค :
11:00
Could the answer to cancer be preventing angiogenesis,
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์•”์„ ์ด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์„ ๋ง‰์•„์„œ
11:05
beating cancer at its own game,
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์•”์ด ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ
11:07
so the cancers could never become dangerous?
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์„๊นŒ?
11:11
This could help healthy people,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ
11:13
as well as people who've already beaten cancer once or twice,
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์•”์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€์—๊ฒŒ๋„
11:17
and want to find a way to keep it from coming back.
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๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
So to look for a way to prevent angiogenesis in cancer,
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์•”์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด,
11:23
I went back to look at cancer's causes.
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์ €๋Š” ์•”์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
And what really intrigued me,
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
11:27
was when I saw that diet accounts for 30 to 35 percent
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์‹์Šต๊ด€์ด
์•”์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜
11:31
of environmentally-caused cancers.
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30%์—์„œ 35%์˜ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
Now the obvious thing is to think about what we could remove from our diet,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹์Šต๊ด€์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
์•„์ฃผ ๋ถ„๋ช… ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
what to strip out, take away.
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11:40
But I actually took a completely opposite approach,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
11:43
and began asking: What could we be adding to our diet
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์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค :
11:46
that's naturally antiangiogenic,
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๋ชธ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์–ด ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
11:49
and that could boost the body's defense system,
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์•”์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์„ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
11:51
and beat back those blood vessels that are feeding cancers?
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๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹์Šต๊ด€์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
11:54
In other words, can we eat to starve cancer?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•”์„ ๊ตถ๊ธฐ๋ฉด์„œ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
11:58
(Laughter)
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๋‹ต์€ ์˜ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
Well, the answer is yes, and I'm going to show you how.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
And our search for this has taken us to the market,
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ
๋†์žฅ์—์„œ, ํ–ฅ์‹ ๋ฃŒ ๋ณด๊ด€์žฅ์—์„œ ํ–‰ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
the farm and to the spice cabinet,
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12:07
because what we've discovered
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์˜
12:09
is that Mother Nature has laced a large number
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์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์–ต์ œ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ
12:11
of foods and beverages and herbs
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๋งŽ์€ ์Œ์‹๋“ค, ์Œ๋ฃŒ๋“ค, ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ๋“ค์ด
12:13
with naturally-occurring inhibitors of angiogenesis.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๊ธฐ
๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
Here's a test system we developed.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฒด๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
At the center is a ring
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์ค‘์•™์˜ ์ด ๋ง์—์„œ๋Š”
12:20
from which hundreds of blood vessels are growing out in a starburst fashion.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๊ฐœ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ผ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„
12:24
And we can use this system to test dietary factors
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๋จน์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์–ป์–ด์ง€๋Š”
12:27
at concentrations that are obtainable by eating.
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์‹์ด์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
Let me show you what happens
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ํฌ๋„์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ
12:32
when we put in an extract from red grapes.
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์ฃผ์ž…ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
The active ingredient is resveratrol,
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ํ™œ๋™์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
it's also found in red wine.
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์ด๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ ˆ๋“œ์™€์ธ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
This inhibits abnormal angiogenesis,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 60%์˜ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ
12:42
by 60 percent.
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ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์„ ๋ง‰์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
Here's what happens when we added an extract from strawberries.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋”ธ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
It potently inhibits angiogenesis.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง‰์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
And extract from soybeans.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฝฉ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
And here is a growing list
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
12:55
of antiangiogenic foods and beverages that we're interested in studying.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํฅ๋ฏธ์žˆ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ์Œ์‹๊ณผ
์Œ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธธ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชฉ๋ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
For each food type,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์Œ์‹ ํƒ€์ž…๋งˆ๋‹ค,
13:02
we believe that there are different potencies
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ํ’ˆ์ข…๋“ค๋งˆ๋‹ค
13:04
within different strains and varietals.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšจ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
And we want to measure this because,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
well, while you're eating a strawberry
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋”ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:11
or drinking tea,
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
13:13
why not select the one that's most potent
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•”์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
13:15
for preventing cancer?
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์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:17
So here are four different teas that we've tested.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ํ•œ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
They're all common ones: Chinese jasmine, Japanese sencha,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ž์Šค๋ฏผ์ฐจ, ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์—ฝ์ฐจ,
13:24
Earl Grey and a special blend that we prepared,
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์–ผ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค€๋น„ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์ฐจ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
and you can see clearly that the teas vary in their potency,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
๋œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊นŒ์ง€
13:30
from less potent to more potent.
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์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
13:34
But what's very cool
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13:35
is when we combine the two less potent teas together,
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๋œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ฐจ๋“ค์„ ์„œ๋กœ
ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:39
the combination, the blend, is more potent than either one alone.
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์„ž์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
์„ž์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
This means there's food synergy.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์Œ์‹๋™๋ฐ˜์ƒ์Šนํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
Here's some more data from our testing.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
Now in the lab, we can simulate tumor angiogenesis,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์€๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ
13:54
represented here in a black bar.
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์ข…์–‘ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์„ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
And using this system, we can test the potency of cancer drugs.
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
So the shorter the bar,
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๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์งง์„์ˆ˜๋ก,
14:01
the less angiogenesis -- that's good.
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๋œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
And here are some common drugs
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
14:06
that have been associated with reducing the risk of cancer in people.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์•” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š”
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
Statins, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,
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์Šคํƒ€ํ‹ด(์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์ €ํ•˜์ œ)์™€ ๋น„์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•ญ์ธํ”Œ๋ผ๋งˆํ† ๋ฆฌ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๊ณผ
์—ญ์‹œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”
14:13
and a few others -- they inhibit angiogenesis, too.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
And here are the dietary factors
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š”
14:19
going head-to-head against these drugs.
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์Œ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
You can see they clearly hold their own,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
14:24
and in some cases, they're more potent than the actual drugs.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์Œ์‹๋“ค์ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
Soy, parsley, garlic, grapes, berries.
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์ฝฉ, ํŒŒ์Šฌ๋ฆฌ, ๋งˆ๋Š˜,
ํฌ๋„, ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ.
14:32
I could go home and cook a tasty meal using these ingredients.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
๋ง›์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์‹์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
Imagine if we could create the world's first rating system,
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์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
14:40
in which we could score foods
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ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์˜ ์ •๋„๋กœ
14:42
according to their antiangiogenic, cancer-preventative properties.
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์•”์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์งˆ๋“ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
์Œ์‹์„ ์ ์ˆ˜๋งค๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
14:46
And that's what we're doing right now.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
Now, I've shown you a bunch of lab data,
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
and so the real question is:
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์ง„์งœ ์˜๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค :
14:53
What is the evidence in people
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์Œ์‹ ์„ญ์ทจ๊ฐ€
14:55
that eating certain foods can reduce angiogenesis in cancer?
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์•”์—์„œ์˜ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?
15:00
Well, the best example I know
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋Š”
15:02
is a study of 79,000 men followed over 20 years,
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๋งค์ฃผ 2, 3๋ฒˆ์”ฉ
ํ† ๋งˆํ† ๋ฅผ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•ด๋จน๋Š”
15:06
in which it was found that men who consumed cooked tomatoes
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79000๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
20๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
15:09
two to three times a week,
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15:10
had up to a 50 percent reduction
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์ „๋ฆฝ์„  ์•”์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด
15:13
in their risk of developing prostate cancer.
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50ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
Now, we know that tomatoes are a good source of lycopene,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ† ๋งˆํ† ๊ฐ€ ๋ฆฌ์ฝ”ํŽœ์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
and lycopene is antiangiogenic.
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๋ฆฌ์ฝ”ํŽœ(ํ† ๋งˆํ† ์˜ ๋ถ‰์€ ์ƒ‰์†Œ)์€ ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:22
But what's even more interesting from this study,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
15:24
is that in those men who did develop prostate cancer,
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์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”์ด ์ƒ๊ธด ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
those who ate more servings of tomato sauce,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ† ๋งˆํ†  ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ๊ณ ,
15:30
actually had fewer blood vessels feeding their cancer.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์•”์„ ๋จน์ด๋Š”
ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ด ์ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
So this human study is a prime example
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ
15:36
of how antiangiogenic substances present in food and consumed at practical levels,
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์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์Œ์‹์— ์žˆ๋Š”
ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„
15:41
can have an impact on cancer.
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๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
And we're now studying the role of a healthy diet --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ
๋”˜ ์˜ค๋‹ˆ์‰ฌ์™€ UCSF ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ„ฐํ”„์Šค๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
15:47
with Dean Ornish at UCSF and Tufts University --
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
the role of this healthy diet on markers of angiogenesis
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
15:53
that we can find in the bloodstream.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:55
Obviously, what I've shared with you has some far-ranging implications,
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
15:59
even beyond cancer research.
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์•”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
Because if we're right, it could impact consumer education,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งž๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
16:04
food services, public health
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์†Œ๋น„์ž ๊ต์œก, ์Œ์‹ ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฑด๊ฐ•,
16:06
and even the insurance industry.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ณดํ—˜์‚ฐ์—…์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
And in fact, some insurance companies
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ณดํ—˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
16:10
are already beginning to think along these lines.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
Check out this ad from BlueCross BlueShield of Minnesota.
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๋ฏธ๋„ค์†Œํƒ€์˜ ๋ธ”๋ฃจ ํฌ๋กœ์Šค ๋ธ”๋กœ ์‹ค๋“œ์˜ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:16
For many people around the world,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
16:18
dietary cancer prevention may be the only practical solution,
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์‹์‚ฌ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์•”์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์€
์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ–‰๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฒ•์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:22
because not everybody can afford expensive end-stage cancer treatments,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ’๋น„์‹ผ ๋ง๊ธฐ ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:25
but everybody could benefit from a healthy diet
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋“ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ
ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹์‚ฌ๋กœ
16:28
based on local, sustainable, antiangiogenic crops.
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์ด์ต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
Now, finally,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:35
I've talked to you about food,
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์Œ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:37
and I've talked to you about cancer,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:39
so there's just one more disease that I have to tell you about,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€
16:42
and that's obesity.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋น„๋งŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
Because it turns out that adipose tissue -- fat --
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๋ฐฉ์งˆ์˜ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์€
๋†’์€ ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
16:48
is highly angiogenesis-dependent.
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๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:50
And like a tumor, fat grows when blood vessels grow.
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์ข…์–‘๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ด ํ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:53
So the question is:
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค :
16:54
Can we shrink fat by cutting off its blood supply?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
16:58
The top curve shows the body weight of a genetically obese mouse
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„์˜ ๊ณก์„ ์€ ํ„ธ๋กœ ๋ฎ์ธ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ณต์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
๋ณ€ํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
17:03
that eats nonstop until it turns fat,
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์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๋งŒ์ธ ์ƒ์ฅ์˜
๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:06
like this furry tennis ball.
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17:08
(Laughter)
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17:09
And the bottom curve is the weight of a normal mouse.
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๋งจ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณก์„ ์€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์ฅ์˜ ๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:12
If you take the obese mouse
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋น„๋งŒ์ธ ์ƒ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ
17:13
and give it an angiogenesis inhibitor, it loses weight.
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ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ๋ฐฉ์ง€์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ƒ์ฅ์˜ ๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:16
Stop the treatment, gains the weight back. Restart the treatment, loses the weight.
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:20
Stop the treatment, it gains the weight back.
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:22
And, in fact, you can cycle the weight up and down
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ๋ฐฉ์ง€์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค
์ค„์—ˆ๋‹คํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœํ™˜๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:25
simply by inhibiting angiogenesis.
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17:27
So this approach that we're taking for cancer prevention
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•”์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
17:29
may also have an application for obesity.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋น„๋งŒ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜
์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:33
The truly interesting thing about this
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์ด๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ํฅ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
17:35
is that we can't take these obese mice
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„๋งŒ์ธ ์ƒ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ
17:37
and make them lose more weight
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์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์ฅ์˜ ๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ
17:39
than what the normal mouse's weight is supposed to be.
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์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:42
In other words, we can't create supermodel mice.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šˆํผ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ƒ์ฅ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(์›ƒ์Œ)
17:45
(Laughter)
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17:46
And this speaks to the role of angiogenesis
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ธํŠธ ํฌ์ธํŠธ ์ธก์ •์˜
17:48
in regulating healthy set points.
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:51
Albert Szent-Gyรถrgi once said,
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์•Œ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ์„ผํŠธ-์กฐ์ง€๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:53
"Discovery consists of seeing what everyone has seen,
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"๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
17:56
and thinking what no one has thought."
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค"
17:58
I hope I've convinced you
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์ €๋Š” ์•”, ๋น„๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์—์„œ
17:59
that for diseases like cancer, obesity and other conditions,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ณตํ†ต๋ถ„๋ชจ์™€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ์„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š”
18:03
there may be a great power
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๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํž˜์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
18:05
in attacking their common denominator: angiogenesis.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:08
And that's what I think the world needs now.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:10
Thank you.
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18:11
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
18:21
June Cohen: I have a quick question for you.
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์ค€ ์ฝ”ํ—จ : ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ตฐ์š” --
18:23
JC: So these drugs aren't exactly in mainstream cancer treatments right now.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:28
For anyone out here who has cancer, what would you recommend?
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์•”์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ
๊ถŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
18:32
Do you recommend pursuing these treatments now, for most cancer patients?
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์•” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
William Li : FDA์˜ ์Šน์ธ์„ ๋ฐ›์€
18:36
William Li: There are antiangiogenic treatments
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ํ•ญํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:38
that are FDA approved,
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18:39
and if you're a cancer patient,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•”ํ™˜์ž ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
18:41
or working for one or advocating for one, you should ask about them.
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์•”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์•”ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:45
And there are many clinical trials.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜๋“ค์ด ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:48
The Angiogenesis Foundation is following almost 300 companies,
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์‹ ์ƒ ์žฌ๋‹จ์€
18:51
and there are about 100 more drugs in that pipeline.
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300๊ฐœ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ 100๊ฐœ์˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋“ค๋กœ
์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:55
So, consider the approved ones,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์Šน์ธ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ,
18:57
look for clinical trials,
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์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
18:58
but then between what the doctor can do for you,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ,
19:01
we need to start asking what can we do for ourselves.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
19:04
This is one of the themes I'm talking about:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
19:06
We can empower ourselves
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19:07
to do the things that doctors can't do for us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:09
which is to use knowledge and take action.
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์ง€์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
19:11
And if Mother Nature has given us some clues,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋Œ€์ž์—ฐ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์คฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
19:14
we think there might be a new future in the value of how we eat,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์—์„œ
์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:18
and what we eat is really our chemotherapy three times a day.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ์š”๋ฒ• ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:21
JC: Right. And along those lines,
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JC : ์ข‹์•„์š”.
19:23
for people who might have risk factors for cancer,
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์•”์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
19:26
would you recommend pursuing any treatments prophylactically,
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์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋‚˜
19:29
or simply pursuing the right diet,
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๋งŽ์€ ํ† ๋งˆํ†  ์†Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”
19:31
with lots of tomato sauce?
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‹์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
19:33
WL: Well, you know, there's abundant epidemiological evidence,
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WL : ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ญํ•™์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:36
and I think in the information age,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ณดํ™”์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š”,
19:38
it doesn't take long to go to a credible source like PubMed,
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์‹์‚ฌ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ
์•” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์—ญํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
19:41
the National Library of Medicine,
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19:42
to look for epidemiological studies for cancer risk reduction
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Pubmed๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ์˜ํ•™ ๋„์„œ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋ฐ์—๋Š”
19:46
based on diet and based on common medications.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:49
And that's certainly something that anybody can look into.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:51
JC: Okay. Well, thank you so much.
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JC : ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:53
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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