The new era of positive psychology | Martin Seligman

1,471,383 views ・ 2008-07-21

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jung Park κ²€ν† : Dohyun Ahn
00:12
When I was President of the American Psychological Association,
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μ œκ°€ λ―Έκ΅­ 심리학 ν˜‘νšŒ 회μž₯으둜 μžˆμ„ λ•Œ
00:15
they tried to media-train me.
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λ―Έλ””μ–΄ κ΅μœ‘μ„ λ°›μ•„μ•Όλ§Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:17
And an encounter I had with CNN summarizes
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€ CNNκ³Ό λ§Œλ‚¨μ„ κ°€μ§€κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆκ³  κ·Έ λ‚΄μš©μ΄
였늘 이야기할 λ‚΄μš©μ„ μš”μ•½ν•΄μ€„ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
what I'm going to be talking about today,
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그것이 낙관적이어야 ν•˜λŠ” 11번 μ§Έ μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:25
which is the eleventh reason to be optimistic.
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00:28
The editor of Discover told us 10 of them;
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λ””μŠ€μ»€λ²„ νŽΈμ§‘μž₯은 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 10번 μ§Έ 이유λ₯Ό 말해 μ£Όμ—ˆκ³ 
00:34
I'm going to give you the eleventh.
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μ €λŠ” 11번 μ§Έ 이유λ₯Ό λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
So they came to me, CNN, and they said, "Professor Seligman --
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CNN이 λ°©λ¬Έν•΄, 제게 λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "셀리그먼 κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜,
μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ 심리학 상황에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 μ£Όμ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:41
would you tell us about the state of psychology today?
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00:44
We'd like to interview you about that."
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κ·Έ 주제둜 μΈν„°λ·°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” λ§ν–ˆμ£ . "μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
00:46
And I said, "Great."
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00:48
And she said, "But this is CNN, so you only get a sound bite."
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그러자 κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ§ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό "이건 CNN이라 μš”μ λ§Œ μ§šμ–΄ μ£Όμ…”μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"
00:53
I said, "Well, how many words do I get?"
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” λŒ€λ‹΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, "κ·Έλž˜μš”, λͺ‡ 단어면 λ κΉŒμš”?"
00:56
And she said, "Well, one."
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ§ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό, "ν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄μš”"
00:58
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
그리고 카메라가 λŒμ•„κ°€κ³ , κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "셀리그먼 κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜
01:00
And the cameras rolled, and she said,
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01:02
"Professor Seligman, what is the state of psychology today?"
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ 심리학 상황이 μ–΄λ–€κΉŒμš”?
01:07
"Good."
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"ν›Œλ₯­ν•˜μ£ "
01:08
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:10
"Cut! Cut. That won't do.
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"μ»·, μ»·, 이건 μ•„λ‹Œ λ“― ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
쑰금 길게 λ§μ”€ν•΄μ£Όμ‹œλŠ”κ²Œ λ‚˜μ„ λ“― ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
01:15
We'd really better give you a longer sound bite."
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01:17
"How many words do I get this time?"
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"그럼 μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” λͺ‡ λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œ ν• κΉŒμš”?" "두 단어 μ •λ„λ‘œ λΆ€νƒλ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:19
"Well, you get two."
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01:21
(Laughter)
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01:22
"Doctor Seligman, what is the state of psychology today?"
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셀리그먼 λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜, μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ 심리학 상황이 μ–΄λ–€κ°€μš”?:
01:27
"Not good."
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01:28
(Laughter)
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"ν›Œλ₯­ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
(μ›ƒμŒ)
"μ €κΈ°, 셀리그먼 λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜,
01:40
"Look, Doctor Seligman,
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01:41
we can see you're really not comfortable in this medium.
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이런 λ―Έλ””μ–΄κ°€ νŽΈν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌμ‹  것 κ°™μ€λ°μš”
01:44
We'd better give you a real sound bite.
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ν™•μ‹€ν•œ μš”μ•½μ„ λΆ€νƒλ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
This time you can have three words.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” μ„Έ λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œ λΆ€νƒλ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
Professor Seligman, what is the state of psychology today?"
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셀리그먼 κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜, μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ 심리학 상황은 μ–΄λ–€κ°€μš”?"
01:55
"Not good enough."
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"그닀지 ν›Œλ₯­ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." 이것이 μ œκ°€ 말씀 λ“œλ¦¬λ €λŠ” μ£Όμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
That's what I'm going to be talking about.
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02:00
I want to say why psychology was good, why it was not good,
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μ €λŠ” μ™œ 심리학이 ν›Œλ₯­ν–ˆμ—ˆκ³ , μ™œ ν›Œλ₯­ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€,
02:04
and how it may become, in the next 10 years, good enough.
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그리고 ν–₯ν›„ 10λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ ν›Œλ₯­ν•΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
And by parallel summary, I want to say the same thing about technology,
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λ™μ‹œμ— μ €λŠ” κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„ 같은 점을 λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
about entertainment and design,
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μ˜€λ½μ΄λ‚˜ λ””μžμΈλ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 μ΄μŠˆλ“€μ΄ 맀우 λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°κ±°λ“ μš”.
02:14
because I think the issues are very similar.
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02:17
So, why was psychology good?
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그럼 μ™œ 심리학이 ν›Œλ₯­ν–ˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?
02:20
Well, for more than 60 years, psychology worked within the disease model.
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60μ—¬ λ…„κ°„ μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ§ˆλ³‘ λͺ¨λΈ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ μ΄λ€„μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
Ten years ago, when I was on an airplane
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10λ…„ μ „, μ œκ°€ λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λ₯Ό 탔을 λ•Œ
02:27
and I introduced myself to my seatmate, and told them what I did,
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μ˜† μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ 제 μ†Œκ°œν•˜λ©° μ œκ°€ 무슨 일을 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 이야기 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
they'd move away from me,
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μ €λ₯Ό κΈ°ν”Όν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”
그듀은 κ·Έ 이유λ₯Ό μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μ§šμ–΄λƒˆμ–΄μš”.
02:34
because, quite rightly, they were saying
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02:36
psychology is about finding what's wrong with you.
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심리학은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 문제점, λ―ΈμΉ˜κ΄‘μ΄λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ‚Έλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
02:39
Spot the loony.
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02:40
And now, when I tell people what I do, they move toward me.
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그런데 μ§€κΈˆμ€ μ œκ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 일을 λ§ν•˜λ©΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 제게 λ‹€κ°€μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
What was good about psychology --
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그리고 μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μ˜ μ„±κ³Ό,
NIMH(ꡭ립 정신건강 μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œ)κ°€ νˆ¬μž…ν•œ 300μ–΅λΆˆμ΄λ‚˜,
02:49
about the $30 billion investment NIMH made,
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02:52
about working in the disease model,
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μ§ˆλ³‘ λͺ¨λΈ,
02:54
about what you mean by psychology --
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μ˜ μ„±κ³ΌλŠ”
02:56
is that, 60 years ago, none of the disorders were treatable;
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60λ…„ μ „ μ–΄λ–€ μ •μ‹  μž₯애도 μΉ˜λ£Œν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ 상황에 λŒ€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
it was entirely smoke and mirrors.
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μ „μ μœΌλ‘œ μ˜€λ¦¬λ¬΄μ€‘ μƒνƒœμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
And now, 14 of the disorders are treatable,
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ν˜„μž¬ κ·Έ μž₯μ•  쀑 14κ°€μ§€λŠ” μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:05
two of them actually curable.
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κ·Έ 쀑 2κ°€μ§€λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ™„μΉ˜κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
And the other thing that happened is that a science developed,
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그리고 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ„±κ³ΌλŠ” κ³Όν•™μ˜ λ°œλ‹¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
a science of mental illness.
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μ •μ‹  μ§ˆν™˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ³Όν•™ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
We found out we could take fuzzy concepts
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우울증, μ•Œμ½œ 쀑독 같은 애맀λͺ¨ν˜Έν•œ κ°œλ…μ„
03:19
like depression, alcoholism,
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03:22
and measure them with rigor;
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μ—„κ²©ν•˜κ²Œ μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 있게 λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
that we could create a classification of the mental illnesses;
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ •μ‹  μ§ˆν™˜ λΆ„λ₯˜μ§‘을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
that we could understand the causality of the mental illnesses.
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그리고 μ •μ‹  μ§ˆν™˜μ˜ 인과관계λ₯Ό 이해할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
We could look across time at the same people --
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λ™μΌν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ 였랜 μ‹œκ°„μ— 걸쳐 κ΄€μ°°ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
people, for example, who were genetically vulnerable to schizophrenia --
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μœ μ „μ μœΌλ‘œ 정신뢄열증에 μ·¨μ•½ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 경우,
03:41
and ask what the contribution of mothering, of genetics are,
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μ–‘μœ‘ν™˜κ²½ 및 μœ μ „μ  νŠΉμ§•μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 연ꡬ할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그리고 제3의 λ³€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
and we could isolate third variables
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03:48
by doing experiments on the mental illnesses.
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μ •μ‹ μ§ˆν™˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ 톡해 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
And best of all, we were able, in the last 50 years,
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무엇보닀도 μ§€λ‚œ 50λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
03:55
to invent drug treatments and psychological treatments.
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μ•½λ¬Ό μΉ˜λ£Œμ™€ 심리 μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ„ κ³ μ•ˆν•΄ λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
And then we were able to test them rigorously,
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그것듀을 μ—„κ²©ν•˜κ²Œ 검증할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
in random-assignment, placebo-controlled designs,
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λ¬΄μž‘μœ„ ν• λ‹Ή μœ„μ•½-ν†΅μ œ λ“±μ˜ 연ꡬ섀계λ₯Ό 톡해 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
throw out the things that didn't work,
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νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μ—†λŠ” 것은 νκΈ°ν•˜κ³  νš¨κ³Όκ°€ 잘 λ‚˜νƒ€λŠ” 것은 μœ μ§€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
keep the things that actively did.
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04:10
The conclusion of that is,
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결둠적으둜, 심리학과 μ •μ‹  μ˜ν•™μ€, μ§€λ‚œ 60λ…„μ˜ λ°œμ „μ„ 톡해
04:14
psychology and psychiatry of the last 60 years
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04:17
can actually claim that we can make miserable people less miserable.
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λΆˆν–‰ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 덜 λΆˆν–‰ν•˜κ²Œ 해쀄 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν•  수 있게 λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
And I think that's terrific.
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μ΄λŠ” ꡉμž₯ν•œ 일이고, 맀우 μžλž‘μŠ€λŸ½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
I'm proud of it.
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04:29
But what was not good, the consequences of that,
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그런 μ„±κ³Όμ˜ 뢀정적인 귀결이 μ„Έ 가지 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
were three things.
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04:35
The first was moral;
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첫째 μœ€λ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
that psychologists and psychiatrists became victimologists, pathologizers;
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μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μžλ“€κ³Ό μ •μ‹ μ˜ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ ν”Όν•΄μžν•™μž, λ³‘λ¦¬ν•™μžκ°€ λλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
that our view of human nature was that if you were in trouble,
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μΈκ°„μ˜ 본성을 이해할 λ•Œ, 문제의 λ°œμƒμ›μΈμ„ μ™ΈλΆ€μ—μ„œ μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
bricks fell on you.
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04:46
And we forgot that people made choices and decisions.
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μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 선택과 결정을 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ§κ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
We forgot responsibility.
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μ±…μž„κ°λ„ λ§κ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것이 첫 번째 λŒ€κ°€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:51
That was the first cost.
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04:53
The second cost was that we forgot about you people.
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έ λŒ€κ°€λŠ” 우리 μžμ‹ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§κ°ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
We forgot about improving normal lives.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ‚Άμ˜ κ°œμ„ μ„ λ§κ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:01
We forgot about a mission to make relatively untroubled people happier,
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μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ λ¬Έμ œμ—†λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 더 ν–‰λ³΅ν•˜κ³ , μ„±μ·¨ν•˜κ³ , μƒμ‚°μ μ΄κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”
05:07
more fulfilled, more productive.
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사λͺ…을 λ§κ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 재λŠ₯μ΄λ‚˜, λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ 재주 같은 말은 κΈˆκΈ°μ‹œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:09
And "genius," "high-talent," became a dirty word.
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05:13
No one works on that.
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아무도 κ·Έ λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
And the third problem about the disease model is,
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그리고 μ§ˆλ³‘ λͺ¨λΈκ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•œ μ„Έλ²ˆμ§Έ λ¬Έμ œλŠ”
05:19
in our rush to do something about people in trouble,
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λ¬Έμ œμžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 무엇인가λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©° μ„œλ‘λ₯Έλ‹€λŠ”데 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
in our rush to do something about repairing damage,
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μƒμ²˜λ₯Ό 치유λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 무엇인가λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ„œλ‘λ₯Έλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:27
it never occurred to us to develop interventions
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 더 ν–‰λ³΅ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κ°œμž…, 즉 긍정적 κ°œμž…μ„
05:30
to make people happier -- positive interventions.
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κ°œλ°œν•˜λŠ” 일은 μ „ν˜€ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
So that was not good.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν›Œλ₯­ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
And so that's what led people like Nancy Etcoff, Dan Gilbert,
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그리고 μ΄λŸ°ν•œ 것이 λ‚Έμ‹œ μ—£μ½”ν”„, λŒ„ κΈΈλ²„νŠΈ, 마이크 μΉ™μ„ΌνŠΈλ―Έν•˜μ΄,
05:41
Mike Csikszentmihalyi and myself
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그리고 μ € 같은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 긍정 μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μ΄λž€ 것을 μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λ„λ‘ μ΄λŒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:43
to work in something I call, "positive psychology,"
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세가지 λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
which has three aims.
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05:47
The first is that psychology should be just as concerned
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첫째 심리학이 관심을 μŸμ•„μ•Ό ν•  것은
05:52
with human strength as it is with weakness.
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약점에 λŒ€ν•œ κ²ƒλ§ŒνΌ, 강점에 λŒ€ν•œ 것이어야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:56
It should be just as concerned with building strength
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μƒμ²˜μΉ˜μœ μ— λŒ€ν•œ 관심 만큼 강점을 ν‚€μ›Œμ£ΌλŠ” 것에도 관심을 μŸμ•„μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:00
as with repairing damage.
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06:02
It should be interested in the best things in life.
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μ‚Άμ—μ„œ μ΅œμ„ μΈ 것듀에 관심을 κ°€μ Έμ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
And it should be just as concerned
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ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 삢을 μ„±μ·¨ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” 것과 λΉ„λ²”ν•œ 재λŠ₯, λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ κΈ°μˆ μ„
06:07
with making the lives of normal people fulfilling,
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06:11
and with genius, with nurturing high talent.
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κΈΈλŸ¬μ£ΌλŠ” 것에도 관심을 μŸμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:16
So in the last 10 years and the hope for the future,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ§€λ‚œ 10λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 그리고 미래의 희망을 ν’ˆκ³ 
06:20
we've seen the beginnings of a science of positive psychology,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 긍정 심리 κ³Όν•™μ˜ μΆœλ°œμ„ μ§€μΌœλ³΄μ•„ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:24
a science of what makes life worth living.
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삢을 μ‚΄λ§Œν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ£ΌλŠ” 과학이죠
06:26
It turns out that we can measure different forms of happiness.
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 행볡을 μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이 λ°ν˜€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
And any of you, for free, can go to that website --
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑 λˆ„κ΅¬λ“ μ§€ κ·Έ μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈμ— 무료둜 λ°©λ¬Έ,
06:34
[www.authentichappiness.org]
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λͺ¨λ“  행볡 ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈλ₯Ό ν•΄ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
and take the entire panoply of tests of happiness.
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06:38
You can ask, how do you stack up for positive emotion, for meaning,
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 긍정감정, 의미, λͺ°μž…κ³Ό 같은 것을 μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 μžˆλƒκ³  물을지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
for flow, against literally tens of thousands of other people?
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수만λͺ…μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•΄μ„œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
We created the opposite of the diagnostic manual of the insanities:
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 정신이상 진단 맀뉴얼과 λ°˜λŒ€λ˜λŠ” 것을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
a classification of the strengths and virtues that looks at the sex ratio,
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κ°•μ •κ³Ό μž₯점에 λŒ€ν•œ λΆ„λ₯˜μΈλ° 이λ₯Ό 성비에 따라
06:58
how they're defined, how to diagnose them,
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ •μ˜ν•˜λŠ”μ§€, μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜λŠ”μ§€,
07:00
what builds them and what gets in their way.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€κ³  μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ–»κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
We found that we could discover the causation of the positive states,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 긍정적인 μƒνƒœμ˜ 인과관계λ₯Ό λ°ν˜€λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
the relationship between left hemispheric activity
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(λ‡Œμ˜) 쒌츑 반ꡬ ν™œλ™κ³Ό 우츑 반ꡬ ν™œλ™μ˜ 관계가
07:13
and right hemispheric activity, as a cause of happiness.
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ν–‰λ³΅μ˜ 원인이 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:20
I've spent my life working on extremely miserable people,
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μ €λŠ” ν‰μƒλ™μ•ˆ κ·Ήλ„λ‘œ κ΄΄λ‘œμ›Œ ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
and I've asked the question:
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그리고 이런 μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€ λ˜μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:25
How do extremely miserable people differ from the rest of you?
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κ·Ήλ„λ‘œ κ΄΄λ‘œμ›Œ ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‹€λ₯Έκ°€?
07:28
And starting about six years ago, we asked about extremely happy people.
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μ•½ 6λ…„ μ „λΆ€ν„° κ·Ήλ„λ‘œ ν–‰λ³΅ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
How do they differ from the rest of us?
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그듀이 λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ μš°λ¦¬λ“€κ³Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‹€λ₯Έκ°€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:35
It turns out there's one way, very surprising --
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그리고 ν•œ 가지 λ‹€λ₯Έ 게 μžˆλ‹€λŠ”κ²Œ λ°ν˜€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
they're not more religious, they're not in better shape,
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그듀은 더 쒅ꡐ적인 것도 μ•„λ‹ˆλ©°, 더 λ‚˜μ€ μ²΄ν˜•μ„ 가진 것도 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:41
they don't have more money, they're not better looking,
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돈이 더 λ§Žμ€ 것도 μ•„λ‹ˆλ©°, 더 λ‚˜μ€ μ™Έλͺ¨λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹Œ 것도 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
쒋은 일이 더 λ§Žκ±°λ‚˜ λ‚˜μœ 일이 덜 μƒκΈ°λŠ” 것도 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:45
they don't have more good events and fewer bad events.
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07:47
The one way in which they differ: they're extremely social.
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μœ μΌν•˜κ²Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 점은 그듀은 맀우 μ‚¬κ΅μ μ΄λΌλŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
They don't sit in seminars on Saturday morning.
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ν† μš”μΌ 아침에 μ„Έλ―Έλ‚˜ μ°Έμ„ν•΄μ„œ μ•‰μ•„μžˆμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
그듀은 ν™€λ‘œ μ‹œκ°„μ„ 보내지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
They don't spend time alone.
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08:01
Each of them is in a romantic relationship
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λͺ¨λ‘ λ‚­λ§Œμ μΈ 관계λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•˜κ³  있으며
08:03
and each has a rich repertoire of friends.
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맀우 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λΆ€λ₯˜μ˜ μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ‹€λ§Œ, μ΄λŠ” 단지 상관관계이지 인과관계가 μ•„λ‹ˆλž€ 점에 μœ μ˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
But watch out here -- this is merely correlational data, not causal,
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08:11
and it's about happiness in the first, "Hollywood" sense,
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이제 처음으둜 ν—λ¦¬μš°λ“œ 감각으둜 행볡에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 말을 ν•΄λ³΄κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€:
08:15
I'm going to talk about,
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08:16
happiness of ebullience and giggling and good cheer.
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μœ λ¨Έκ°€ λ„˜μΉ˜κ³ , 낄낄거리고, ν™œκΈ°κ°€ 가득찬 λΆ„μœ„κΈ°μ˜ 행볡 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:20
And I'm going to suggest to you that's not nearly enough,
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그런 것듀은 ν•œ μˆœκ°„μ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œλ„ μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:23
in just a moment.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€λ‚œ μ„ΈκΈ° λ™μ•ˆμ˜ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ κ°œμž…μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 쑰사λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:25
We found we could begin to look at interventions over the centuries,
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08:29
from the Buddha to Tony Robbins.
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λΆ€μ²˜λΆ€ν„° ν† λ‹ˆ λ‘œλΉˆμŠ€κΉŒμ§€
08:31
About 120 interventions have been proposed that allegedly make people happy.
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ν–‰λ³΅ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ€„μˆ˜ μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•˜λŠ” 방식이 μ•½ 120μ—¬κ°œ
μ œμ‹œλμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:37
And we find that we've been able to manualize many of them,
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κ·Έ ν›„ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 쀑 λ§Žμ€ 것을 μ§€μΉ¨μ„œλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:41
and we actually carry out
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그리고, μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ¬΄μž‘μœ„ 할당방식을 톡해
08:43
random-assignment efficacy and effectiveness studies.
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효λŠ₯κ³Ό νš¨κ³Όμ— λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:47
That is, which ones actually make people lastingly happier?
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즉, μ–΄λ–€ 것이 μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ 더 ν–‰λ³΅ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” 지에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:51
In a couple of minutes, I'll tell you about some of those results.
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 남은 λͺ‡ λΆ„ λ™μ•ˆ 이 결과의 일뢀λ₯Ό λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
But the upshot of this is that the mission I want psychology to have,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 λ‚΄μš©μ˜ 결둠은 심리학이 κ°€μ Έμ•Ό ν•  사λͺ…은,
09:01
in addition to its mission of curing the mentally ill,
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정신적 μ§ˆλ³‘μ„ μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λŠ” 사λͺ…κ³Ό λ”λΆˆμ–΄
09:04
and in addition to its mission of making miserable people less miserable,
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λΆˆν–‰ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 덜 λΆˆν–‰ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 사λͺ…κ³Ό λ”λΆˆμ–΄
09:08
is, can psychology actually make people happier?
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"심리학이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 더 ν–‰λ³΅ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μˆ˜ μžˆλŠ”κ°€?" μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:12
And to ask that question -- "happy" is not a word I use very much --
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이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄. -- 'ν–‰λ³΅ν•œ'은 μ œκ°€ 잘 μ“°λŠ” 단어가 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. --
09:17
we've had to break it down
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것을 'ν–‰λ³΅ν•œ'에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ§ˆλ¬Έν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ΄μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:19
into what I think is askable about "happy."
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09:21
And I believe there are three different --
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μ €λŠ” 3가지 λ‹€λ₯Έ 점이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ‹€λ₯΄λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜λŠ” κΉŒλ‹­μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ κ°œμž…μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ 지기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:25
I call them "different" because different interventions build them,
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09:28
it's possible to have one rather than the other --
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 것이 μ•„λ‹Œ λ°”λ‘œ μ΄κ²ƒλ§Œ κ°–κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”κ²Œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:31
three different happy lives.
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세가지 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν–‰λ³΅ν•œ 삢이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:33
The first happy life is the pleasant life.
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κ·Έ 첫번째 ν–‰λ³΅ν•œ 삢은 즐거운 μ‚Άμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:36
This is a life in which you have as much positive emotion
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긍정 감정을 많이 κ²½ν—˜ν•˜κ³ , 이λ₯Ό μ¦ν­ν•˜λŠ” μ†œμ”¨κ°€ 있으면
09:39
as you possibly can,
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09:41
and the skills to amplify it.
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κ°–κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” μ‚Άμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:43
The second is a life of engagement:
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” κ΄€μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‚Άμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:45
a life in your work, your parenting, your love, your leisure;
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μΌν•˜κ³ , μ•  ν‚€μš°κ³ , μ‚¬λž‘ν•˜κ³ , μ—¬κ°€λ₯Ό 즐길 λ•Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 멈μΆ₯λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:50
time stops for you.
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09:53
That's what Aristotle was talking about.
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ μ•„λ¦¬μŠ€ν† ν…”λ ˆμŠ€κ°€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:55
And third, the meaningful life.
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그리고 μ„Έλ²ˆμ§Έλ‘œ, μ˜λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” μ‚Άμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:57
I want to say a little bit about each of those lives
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그럼 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‚Ά 각각에 λŒ€ν•΄ 쑰금 더 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³ 
10:00
and what we know about them.
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이에 λŒ€ν•΄ 무엇을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:02
The first life is the pleasant life, and it's simply, as best we can find it,
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첫번째 삢은 즐거운 μ‚Άμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것은 μ΅œμ„ μ„ λ‹€ν•˜λ©΄ κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜κ²Œ 찾을 수 있고
10:07
it's having as many of the pleasures as you can,
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즐거움을 κ²½ν—˜ν•œ 만큼 κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:09
as much positive emotion as you can,
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긍정 감정을 κ²½ν—˜ν•œ 만큼 얻을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:11
and learning the skills -- savoring, mindfulness -- that amplify them,
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그리고 음미, μœ λ… λ“± 즐거움을 μ¦ν­μ‹œν‚€κ³ ,
10:18
that stretch them over time and space.
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μ˜€λž˜λ„λ‘ μ¦κΈ°λŠ” κΈ°μˆ μ„ 배울수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:21
But the pleasant life has three drawbacks,
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κ·Έλ¦¬λ‚˜ 즐거운 μ‚Άμ—λŠ” 세가지 단점이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:25
and it's why positive psychology is not happy-ology,
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μ΄λŠ” 긍정 심리학이 행볡학이 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ , ν–‰λ³΅ν•™μ—μ„œ 머물지 μ•ŠλŠ” μ΄μœ μ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:28
and why it doesn't end here.
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10:31
The first drawback is, it turns out the pleasant life,
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첫 번째 단점은 즐거운 μ‚Ά, 긍정적인 κ°μ •μ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ€
10:34
your experience of positive emotion,
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μœ μ „μ μ΄λΌλŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:36
is about 50 percent heritable,
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μ•½ 50νΌμ„ΌνŠΈκ°€ μœ μ „μ μΈ 것이고 사싀 잘 바꿔지지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:41
and, in fact, not very modifiable.
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10:45
So the different tricks that Matthieu and I and others know
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ§€νŠœμ™€ μ €, 그리고 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ”
10:49
about increasing the amount of positive emotion in your life
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μ‚Άμ—μ„œ 긍정적인 감정을 λŠ˜λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 비결듀은
10:53
are 15 to 20 percent tricks, getting more of it.
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15νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ—μ„œ 20νΌμ„ΌνŠΈ 더 얻을 수 μžˆλŠ” λΉ„κ²°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:57
Second is that positive emotion habituates.
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έλ‘œ 긍정적인 감정은 μ΅μˆ™ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. 정말 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ΅μˆ™ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:01
It habituates rapidly, indeed.
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11:05
It's all like French vanilla ice cream:
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ν”„λ ŒμΉ˜ 바닐라 μ•„μ΄μŠ€ν¬λ¦Όκ³Ό λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 첫번째 맛은 100νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ£ .
11:08
the first taste is 100 percent;
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11:10
by the time you're down to the sixth taste,
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그런데 6번째 맛을 λ³΄λŠ” μˆœκ°„ κ·Έ 맛은 μ‚¬λΌμ Έλ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:12
it's gone.
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11:15
And, as I said, it's not particularly malleable.
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λ§μ”€λ“œλ Έλ“―μ΄ λ°”λ€” 수 μžˆλŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이제 두 번째 삢에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
11:20
And this leads to the second life.
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11:22
I have to tell you about my friend Len,
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제 친ꡬ인 λ Œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§μ”€λ“œλ €μ•Όν•  것 κ°™λ„€μš”
11:24
to talk about why positive psychology is more than positive emotion,
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μ™œ 긍정심리학이 긍정적인 감정 μ΄μƒμ˜ 것이고
11:30
more than building pleasure.
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즐거움을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄κ°€λŠ” 것 μ΄μƒμ˜ 것인지 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:32
In two of the three great arenas of life, by the time Len was 30,
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λ Œμ€ 30살이 λ˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€, μΈμƒμ˜ 3가지 큰 λ¬΄λŒ€ 쀑 2 곳에 μ„œκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:36
Len was enormously successful.
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λ Œμ€ 크게 μ„±κ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 첫번째 λ¬΄λŒ€λŠ” μΌμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
11:38
The first arena was work.
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11:42
By the time he was 20, he was an options trader.
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20살이 됐을 λ•Œ, κ·ΈλŠ” μ˜΅μ…˜ νŠΈλ ˆμ΄λ” μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:44
By the time he was 25, he was a multimillionaire
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25살에 백만μž₯μžκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:47
and the head of an options trading company.
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μ˜΅μ…˜ νŠΈλ ˆμ΄λ”© νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ 사μž₯이 λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
11:50
Second, in play, he's a national champion bridge player.
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έκ°€ λ†€μ΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŠ” μ „κ΅­ λΈŒλ¦¬μ§€λŒ€νšŒ μ±”ν”Όμ–Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ„Έλ²ˆ μ§Έ μΈμƒμ˜ λ¬΄λŒ€μΈ μ‚¬λž‘μ—μ„œ λ Œμ€ μ§€λ…ν•˜κ²Œ μ‹€νŒ¨ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:57
But in the third great arena of life, love, Len is an abysmal failure.
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12:02
And the reason he was, was that Len is a cold fish.
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κ·Έ 원인은 렌이 μ°¨κ°€μš΄ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:08
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
12:10
Len is an introvert.
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λ Œμ€ λ‚΄ν–₯μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:14
American women said to Len, when he dated them,
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렌이 데이트 ν•  λ•Œ λ―Έκ΅­ 여성듀은 이런 말을 ν–ˆμ£ .
12:18
"You're no fun. You don't have positive emotion. Get lost."
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당신은 μž¬λ―Έμ—†μ–΄μš”. 긍정 감정이 μ—†μ–΄μš”. λ– λ‚˜ λ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:22
And Len was wealthy enough to be able to afford a Park Avenue psychoanalyst,
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λ Œμ€ 파크 μ• λΉ„λ‰΄μ˜ 정신뢄석가λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμ„ 만큼 λΆ€μœ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
who for five years tried to find the sexual trauma
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5λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ κ·Έ λΆ„μ„κ°€λŠ” 렌이 μ„±μ μœΌλ‘œ 좩격을 λ°›μ•„
12:31
that had somehow locked positive emotion inside of him.
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긍정감정을 μžμ‹  μ•ˆμ— κ°€λ‘λŠ”μ§€μ— μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμ·„μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:35
But it turned out there wasn't any sexual trauma.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ²°κ΅­ 성적인 정신적 외상은 μ—†λ‹€κ³  λ°ν˜€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:39
It turned out that --
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λ°ν˜€μ§„ 것은 렌이 λ‘± μ•„μΌλžœλ“œμ—μ„œ 자랐으며
12:41
Len grew up in Long Island
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12:43
and he played football and watched football, and played bridge.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μΆ•κ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , 좕ꡬ κ²½κΈ°λ₯Ό 보고, λΈŒλ¦¬μ§€ κ²Œμž„μ„ μ¦κ²Όλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ Œμ€ μ†Œμœ„ 긍정적 감정 μƒνƒœμ˜ ν•˜μœ„ 5%에 μ†ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:50
Len is in the bottom five percent of what we call positive affectivities.
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12:54
The question is: Is Len unhappy?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ λ Œμ€ λΆˆν–‰ν•œκ°€μš”? μ €λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆλΌκ³  λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:56
And I want to say, not.
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12:58
Contrary to what psychology told us
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μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μ—μ„œ 긍정적 감정 μƒνƒœμ˜ ν•˜μœ„ 50νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄
13:01
about the bottom 50 percent of the human race in positive affectivity,
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μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒκ³ΌλŠ” μƒλ°˜λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:05
I think Len is one of the happiest people I know.
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λ Œμ€ κ°€μž₯ ν–‰λ³΅ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒ 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:08
He's not consigned to the hell of unhappiness,
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κ·ΈλŠ” λΆˆν–‰μ΄λΌλŠ” 지μ˜₯에 κ΅΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:11
and that's because Len, like most of you,
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λ Œμ€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ λͺ°μž…에 μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ λŠ₯μˆ™ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:14
is enormously capable of flow.
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13:17
When he walks onto the floor of the American Exchange
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κ·Έκ°€ μ•„μΉ¨ 9μ‹œ 30λΆ„, λ―Έκ΅­ 증ꢌ κ±°λž˜μ†Œλ‘œ κ±Έμ–΄ λ“€μ–΄κ°€λ©΄
13:20
at 9:30 in the morning,
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13:22
time stops for him.
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μ‹œκ°„μ€ κ·Έλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 멈μΆ₯λ‹ˆλ‹€. 마감 벨이 울릴 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ λ©ˆμΆ”μ£ .
13:23
And it stops till the closing bell.
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13:25
When the first card is played till 10 days later,
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κ²½κΈ°μ—μ„œ 첫째 μΉ΄λ“œκ°€ λ‚˜μ˜¬ λ•Œ
10일 ν›„ ν† λ„ˆλ¨ΌνŠΈκ°€ 끝날 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ μ‹œκ°„μ€ λ Œμ„ μœ„ν•΄ 멈μΆ₯λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:28
when the tournament is over,
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13:29
time stops for Len.
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13:31
And this is indeed what Mike Csikszentmihalyi
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ 마이크 μΉ™μ„ΌνŠΈλ―Έν•˜μ΄κ°€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:35
has been talking about, about flow.
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λͺ°μž…, μ΄λŠ” 즐거움과 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ ꡬ별이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:36
And it's distinct from pleasure in a very important way:
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13:40
pleasure has raw feel -- you know it's happening; it's thought and feeling.
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즐거움은 μ›μ΄ˆμ μ΄λΌ, κ·Έ λŠλ‚Œμ„ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€. 생각과 κ°μ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:45
But what Mike told you yesterday -- during flow ...
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ–΄μ œ λ§ˆμ΄ν¬κ°€ λ§ν•œ λͺ°μž…ν•  λ•Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 아무것도 λŠλ‚„ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:51
you can't feel anything.
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13:54
You're one with the music.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μŒμ•…κ³Ό ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 멈μΆ₯λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:56
Time stops.
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13:58
You have intense concentration.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κ³ λ„λ‘œ μ§‘μ€‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:00
And this is indeed the characteristic of what we think of as the good life.
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그리고 이것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ 삢이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” μ§„μ •ν•œ νŠΉμ„±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:05
And we think there's a recipe for it,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—” 비결이 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
14:08
and it's knowing what your highest strengths are --
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λ°”λ‘œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μ΅œλŒ€ 강점이 무엇인지 μ•„λŠ” 것이죠.
14:10
again, there's a valid test
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ν•œκ°€μ§€ 더, 효과적인 ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 5가지 강점을 μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ” ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:13
of what your five highest strengths are --
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14:15
and then re-crafting your life
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이것듀을 마음껏 ν™œμš©ν•΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 삢을 λ‹€μ‹œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ κ°€κΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:18
to use them as much as you possibly can.
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14:21
Re-crafting your work, your love,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 일과 μ‚¬λž‘μ„ λ‹€μ‹œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”
14:24
your play, your friendship, your parenting.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 놀이, μš°μ •, μ–‘μœ‘λ„ λ‹€μ‹œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”
14:26
Just one example.
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사둀 ν•˜λ‚˜: 제 λ™λ£Œ 쀑 μ†Œλ§€μ μ—μ„œ 물건 λ‹΄λŠ” 일을 ν–ˆλ˜ μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:29
One person I worked with was a bagger at Genuardi's.
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κ·Έ 일을 μ‹«μ–΄ν–ˆμ£ .
14:33
Hated the job.
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14:34
She's working her way through college.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λŒ€ν•™ μ‹œμ ˆ λ‚΄λ‚΄ 일을 ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:36
Her highest strength was social intelligence.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μ΅œλŒ€ 강점은 μ‚¬νšŒ 지λŠ₯μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:40
So she re-crafted bagging to make the encounter with her
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 물건 λ‹΄λŠ” 일을 λ‹€μ‹œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄, 고객듀이 그녀와 λ§Œλ‚¨μ„
14:44
the social highlight of every customer's day.
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ν•˜λ£¨ 쀑 κ°€μž₯ ν₯미둜운 일둜 여기도둝 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€..
μ§€κΈˆ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λΆ„λͺ… μ‹€νŒ¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:48
Now, obviously she failed.
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14:49
But what she did was to take her highest strengths,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ·Έλ…€κ°€ ν–ˆλ˜ 것은 μžμ‹ μ˜ μ΅œλŒ€ 강점을 집어내,
14:53
and re-craft work to use them as much as possible.
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일을 λ‹€μ‹œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄, μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ ν™œμš©ν–ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:57
What you get out of that is not smiley-ness.
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그것을 톡해 μ–»λŠ” 것은 λ―Έμ†Œμ§“κΈ°κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:59
You don't look like Debbie Reynolds.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 데비 λ ˆμ΄λ†€λ“œμ²˜λŸΌ 생기지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:01
You don't giggle a lot.
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그닀지 낄낄거리지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 더 μ—΄μ€‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:02
What you get is more absorption.
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15:06
So, that's the second path.
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그것이 λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έ κΈΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 첫번째 길은 긍정적인 감정이죠.
15:08
The first path, positive emotion;
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15:10
the second path is eudaemonian flow;
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έ 길은 ν–‰λ³΅ν•œ λͺ°μž…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:13
and the third path is meaning.
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그리고 μ„Έλ²ˆμ§Έ 길은 μ˜λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:16
This is the most venerable of the happinesses, traditionally.
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μ „ν†΅μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°€μž₯ μˆ­μ—„ν•œ ν–‰λ³΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:20
And meaning, in this view, consists of --
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이런 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” 행볡과 맀우 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œλ°,
15:23
very parallel to eudaemonia --
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15:26
it consists of knowing what your highest strengths are,
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μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” μ΅œλŒ€ 강점을 μ•„λŠ” 것과, κ·Έ 강점을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄
15:30
and using them to belong to and in the service of
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ³΄λ‹€ 더 큰 무엇인가에 속해, λ΄‰μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 이뀄져 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:34
something larger than you are.
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15:39
I mentioned that for all three kinds of lives --
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μ œκ°€ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œ 세가지 삢은, 즐거운 μ‚Ά, ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μ‚Ά, μ˜λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” 삢이며
15:43
the pleasant life, the good life, the meaningful life --
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ν˜„μž¬ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 이 λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:46
people are now hard at work on the question:
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15:48
Are there things that lastingly change those lives?
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μ˜μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 삢을 λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
15:53
And the answer seems to be yes.
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λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ 'μžˆλ‹€' 인 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그럼 μ œκ°€ λͺ‡κ°€μ§€ 사둀λ₯Ό λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:56
And I'll just give you some samples of it.
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15:59
It's being done in a rigorous manner.
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μ—„κ²©ν•œ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 진행이 되고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:01
It's being done in the same way that we test drugs
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μ•½λ¬Όμ˜ 효과λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것과 같은 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:04
to see what really works.
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16:06
So we do random-assignment, placebo-controlled,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ¬΄μž‘μœ„λ‘œ ν• λ‹Ήν•˜κ³ , μœ„μ•½ ν†΅μ œμ‘°κ±΄λ„ λ„£κ³ ,
16:11
long-term studies of different interventions.
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ°©μ‹μ˜ κ°œμž…μ— μž₯기연ꡬλ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:14
Just to sample the kind of interventions that we find have an effect:
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νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  판λͺ…λœ κ°œμž… λͺ‡κ°€μ§€ μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:18
when we teach people about the pleasant life,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 즐거운 삢을 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ°€λ₯΄μ³μ€„ λ•Œ,
16:22
how to have more pleasure in your life,
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μ‚Άμ—μ„œ 더 λ§Žμ€ 즐거움을 κ°–λŠ” 방법을 μ•Œλ €μ€„ λ•Œ,
16:24
one of your assignments is to take the mindfulness skills,
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μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ˜ κ³Όμ œλŠ” μœ λ…ν•˜κ³ , μŒλ―Έν•˜λŠ” κΈ°μˆ μ„ μŠ΅λ“ν•˜κ³ 
16:28
the savoring skills,
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16:30
and you're assigned to design a beautiful day.
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μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ 날을 μ„€κ³„ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:34
Next Saturday, set a day aside, design yourself a beautiful day,
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λ‹€μŒ ν† μš”μΌ, ν•˜λ£¨λ₯Ό λ‚΄, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 슀슀둜 μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ 날을 섀계해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
16:39
and use savoring and mindfulness to enhance those pleasures.
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그리고 μŒλ―Έμ™€ μœ λ…μ„ μ΄μš©ν•΄, 즐거움을 μ¦μ§„μ‹œμΌœ λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
16:43
And we can show in that way that the pleasant life is enhanced.
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즐거운 삢이 μ¦μ§„λœλ‹€λŠ” 것을 이 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 보여쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:49
Gratitude visit.
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감사 λ°©λ¬Έ. μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λͺ¨λ‘ μ§€κΈˆ 저와 ν•¨κ»˜ ν•œλ²ˆ 해보도둝 ν•˜μ£ .
16:53
I want you all to do this with me now, if you would.
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16:55
Close your eyes.
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λˆˆμ„ κ°μœΌμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
16:58
I'd like you to remember someone
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μ‚Άμ—μ„œ μ•„μ£Ό μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λ– μ˜¬λ € λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
17:03
who did something enormously important
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17:06
that changed your life in a good direction,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 삢을 쒋은 λ°©ν–₯으둜 λ°”κΎΌ μ‚¬λžŒ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:10
and who you never properly thanked.
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κ°μ‚¬μ˜ ν‘œμ‹œλ₯Ό μ œλŒ€λ‘œ ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ˜ λΆ„ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:13
The person has to be alive.
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κ·Έ 뢄은 μ‚΄μ•„ 계셔야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:16
Now, OK, you can open your eyes.
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그럼 이제 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„, λˆˆμ„ λœ¨μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€
17:18
I hope all of you have such a person.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ 그런 뢄이 있기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:20
Your assignment, when you're learning the gratitude visit,
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감사 방문을 배울 λ•Œ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ œλŠ”
17:24
is to write a 300-word testimonial to that person,
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κ·Έ λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 300λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ 감사μž₯을 μ“°λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:28
call them on the phone in Phoenix,
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이곳 ν”Όλ‹‰μŠ€μ—μ„œ κ·Έ λΆ„κ»˜ μ „ν™”ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
17:31
ask if you can visit, don't tell them why.
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방문해도 λ˜λŠ”μ§€ λ¬Όμ–΄ λ³΄μ„Έμš”. μ΄μœ λŠ” λ§ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ‹œκ³ , μ°Ύμ•„ κ°€μ„Έμš”.
17:33
Show up at their door,
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17:36
you read the testimonial -- everyone weeps when this happens.
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감사μž₯을 μ½μœΌμ„Έμš”. μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄, λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λˆˆλ¬Όμ„ ν˜λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:41
And what happens is, when we test people
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚Έ 것은, 이 뢄듀을 일주일 λ’€, ν•œ 달 λ’€
17:44
one week later, a month later, three months later,
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μ„Έ 달 뒀에 ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ ν–ˆλŠ”λ°, λͺ¨λ‘ 더 ν–‰λ³΅ν•˜κ³  덜 μš°μšΈν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:47
they're both happier and less depressed.
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17:51
Another example is a strengths date,
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆλŠ” 강점 λ°μ΄νŠΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ»€ν”Œ λ“€μ—κ²Œ
17:54
in which we get couples to identify their highest strengths
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강점 ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈλ₯Ό 톡해 μ„œλ‘œμ˜ μ΅œλŒ€ 강점을 찾도둝 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:58
on the strengths test,
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17:59
and then to design an evening in which they both use their strengths.
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그리고 μ„œλ‘œμ˜ 강점을 ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 저녁을 μ„€κ³„ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:04
We find this is a strengthener of relationships.
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이λ₯Ό 톡해 μ•Œμ•„λ‚Έ 것은 κ΄€κ³„μ˜ κ°•ν™”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:08
And fun versus philanthropy.
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재미 λŒ€ λ°•μ• 
18:10
It's so heartening to be in a group like this,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이런 그룹에 μ†ν•˜λŠ” 것은 맀우 κ³ λ¬΄μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:13
in which so many of you have turned your lives to philanthropy.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ§Žμ€ 뢄듀이 μžμ‹ μ˜ 삢을 μžμ„ ν™œλ™μœΌλ‘œ λ°©ν–₯을 ν‹€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:17
Well, my undergraduates and the people I work with haven't discovered this,
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그런데 제 학생듀과 제 λ™λ£ŒλŠ” 이런 뢄듀을 찾지 λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:20
so we actually have people do something altruistic
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 이타적인 행동을 ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:24
and do something fun,
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그리고 μž¬λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” 것을 ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κ³ , 이와 λΉ„κ΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:26
and contrast it.
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18:27
And what you find is when you do something fun,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄λŠ” 것은 μž¬λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” 무엇인가λ₯Ό ν•  λ•Œ
18:30
it has a square wave walk set.
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이것이 λ„€λͺ¨νŒŒ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό λ€λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:32
When you do something philanthropic to help another person,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ 돕기 μœ„ν•΄ μžμ„ ν™œλ™μ„ ν•˜λ©΄, μ§€μ†λ˜κ³  또 μ§€μ†λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:35
it lasts and it lasts.
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18:38
So those are examples of positive interventions.
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이런 것듀이 긍정적인 κ°œμž…μ˜ μ‚¬λ‘€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:42
So the next to last thing I want to say is:
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ κΌ­ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  싢은 것은
18:47
we're interested in how much life satisfaction people have.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 삢에 λ§Œμ‘±ν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ κ΄€μ‹¬μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:50
This is really what you're about.
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이것은 진정 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 우리의 λͺ©ν‘œ λ³€μˆ˜μ΄κ³ μš”.
18:52
And that's our target variable.
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18:54
And we ask the question as a function of the three different lives,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 세가지 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚Άμ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯에 따라
18:58
how much life satisfaction do you get?
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μ–΄λŠ 정도 삢에 λ§Œμ‘±ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ§ˆλ¬Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:00
So we ask -- and we've done this in 15 replications,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 수 천λͺ…을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 15λ²ˆμ΄λ‚˜ λ°˜λ³΅ν•΄μ„œ μ‹€ν—˜ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:04
involving thousands of people:
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19:06
To what extent does the pursuit of pleasure,
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μ–΄λŠ μ •λ„λ‘œ μ¦κ±°μ›€μ˜ 좔ꡬ,
19:08
the pursuit of positive emotion,
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긍정적인 κ°μ •μ˜ 좔ꡬ, 즐거운 μ‚Άμ˜ 좔ꡬ,
19:11
the pleasant life,
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19:12
the pursuit of engagement, time stopping for you,
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κ΄€μ—¬μ˜ 좔ꡬ, 당신을 μœ„ν•œ μ‹œκ°„μ˜ 멈좀,
19:15
and the pursuit of meaning contribute to life satisfaction?
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의미의 좔ꡬ가 μ‚Άμ˜ λ§Œμ‘±λ„μ— κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:19
And our results surprised us; they were backward of what we thought.
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κ·Έ 결과에 μš°λ¦¬λ„ λ†€λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μƒκ°ν–ˆμ—ˆλ˜ 것과 λ°˜λŒ€λ˜λŠ” 것도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:22
It turns out the pursuit of pleasure has almost no contribution
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μ¦κ±°μ›€μ˜ μΆ”κ΅¬λŠ” μ‚Άμ˜ λ§Œμ‘±λ„μ˜ 거의 κ³΅ν—Œν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:26
to life satisfaction.
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19:28
The pursuit of meaning is the strongest.
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의미의 좔ꡬ가 κ°€μž₯ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:30
The pursuit of engagement is also very strong.
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κ΄€μ—¬μ˜ 좔ꡬ도 μ—­μ‹œ 맀우 κ°•λ ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:35
Where pleasure matters is if you have both engagement
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즐거움이 역할을 ν•  λ•ŒλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 즐거움과 ν•¨κ»˜, κ΄€μ—¬λ‚˜
19:39
and you have meaning,
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의미λ₯Ό ν•¨κ»˜ 좔ꡬ할 λ•Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 즐거움이 크림과 체리λ₯Ό νœ˜ν•‘ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
19:41
then pleasure's the whipped cream and the cherry.
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19:43
Which is to say, the full life -- the sum is greater than the parts,
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μΆ©λ§Œν•œ μ‚Άμ΄λž€, 이 세가지 λͺ¨λ‘ κ°€μ‘Œμ„ λ•ŒμΈλ°, κ·Έ 합이 각각일 λ•Œ 보닀 훨씬 ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:50
if you've got all three.
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19:51
Conversely, if you have none of the three, the empty life,
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λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ, 이 세가지 쀑 ν•œκ°€μ§€λ„ μ—†λ‹€λ©΄
κ³΅ν—ˆν•œ 삢이며 κ·Έ 합은 κ·Έ 각각보닀 더 μ λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:55
the sum is less than the parts.
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19:56
And what we're asking now is: Does the very same relationship --
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그리고 μ§€κΈˆ 묻고 μžˆλŠ” 것은
λͺΈμ˜ 건강, 사망λ₯  (μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ‚¬λŠ”μ§€)
20:00
physical health, morbidity, how long you live and productivity --
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μƒμ‚°μ„±μ˜ 관계에도 λ˜‘ 같은 관계가 μ μš©λ˜λŠ”κ°€ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:05
follow the same relationship?
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20:07
That is, in a corporation,
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그것은 κΈ°μ—… λ‚΄μ—μ„œ
20:09
is productivity a function of positive emotion, engagement and meaning?
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생산성은 긍정적 감정, κ΄€μ—¬, 그리고 의미의 μž‘μš©μΈκ°€?
20:15
Is health a function of positive engagement,
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건강은 긍정적인 κ΄€μ—¬,
20:18
of pleasure, and of meaning in life?
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즐거움, 그리고 μ‚Άμ˜ 의미의 μž‘μš©μΈκ°€?
20:21
And there is reason to think the answer to both of those may well be yes.
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이 두가지 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λͺ¨λ‘ "κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€"라고 ν•  λ§Œν•œ μ΄μœ κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:28
So, Chris said that the last speaker had a chance
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ν¬λ¦¬μŠ€κ°€ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ—°μ‚¬λŠ” 강연을 톡합할 κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμ£ .
20:32
to try to integrate what he heard,
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20:35
and so this was amazing for me.
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μ΄λŠ” 제게 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ €λŠ” 이런 λͺ¨μž„에 와 λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:36
I've never been in a gathering like this.
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20:40
I've never seen speakers stretch beyond themselves so much,
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연사듀이 이토둝 슀슀둜λ₯Ό 잊고 μ—΄μ€‘ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:44
which was one of the remarkable things.
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이것이 κ°€μž₯ λ†€λž„λ§Œν•œ 것듀 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:47
But I found that the problems of psychology seemed to be parallel
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ €λŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 이유둜 μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μ˜ λ¬Έμ œκ°€
20:51
to the problems of technology, entertainment and design
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기술, 였락, 그리고 λ””μžμΈμ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ™€ μœ μ‚¬ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:55
in the following way:
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20:56
we all know that technology, entertainment and design
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘ 기술, 였락, 그리고 λ””μžμΈμ΄ 파괴적인 λͺ©μ μ„ μœ„ν•΄
21:00
have been and can be used for destructive purposes.
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μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ–΄ μ™”κ³  μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:06
We also know that technology, entertainment and design
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 기술, 였락, 그리고 λ””μžμΈμ΄
21:10
can be used to relieve misery.
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고톡을 덜기 μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것도 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:13
And by the way, the distinction between relieving misery
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그런데 고톡을 λ”λŠ” 것과 행볡을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것을
21:17
and building happiness is extremely important.
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κ΅¬λ³„ν•˜λŠ” 것은 정말 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:20
I thought, when I first became a therapist 30 years ago,
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μ €λŠ” 30λ…„ μ „ 처음으둜 치료 μ „λ¬Έκ°€κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
21:23
that if I was good enough to make someone not depressed,
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μ œκ°€ 치료λ₯Ό μž˜ν•΄, λˆ„κ΅°κ°€λ₯Ό μš°μšΈν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ ν•˜κ³ , κ±±μ •μ—†κ²Œ ν•˜κ³ ,
21:29
not anxious, not angry,
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ν™” 내지 μ•Šκ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 것이 ν–‰λ³΅ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 것이라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:33
that I'd make them happy.
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21:35
And I never found that;
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ν–‰λ³΅ν•˜κ²Œ ν• μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 였직 λΆˆν–‰ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 것 λΏμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:36
I found the best you could ever do
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21:38
was to get to zero;
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21:40
that they were empty.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그것은 κ³΅ν—ˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:41
And it turns out the skills of happiness, the skills of the pleasant life,
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κ²°κ΅­ 깨달은 것은 ν–‰λ³΅μ˜ 기술, 즐거운 μ‚Άμ˜ 기술
21:47
the skills of engagement, the skills of meaning,
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κ΄€μ—¬μ˜ 기술, 의미의 κΈ°μˆ μ€
21:49
are different from the skills of relieving misery.
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고톡을 λ”λŠ” 기술과 λ‹€λ₯΄λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
21:54
And so, the parallel thing holds with technology, entertainment
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이와 μœ μ‚¬ν•œ 것듀이
기술, 였락, 그리고 λ””μžμΈμ—λ„ μžˆμ„ 것라고 λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:59
and design, I believe.
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22:01
That is, it is possible for these three drivers of our world
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그것은 μ„Έμƒμ˜ 세가지 동λ ₯이
22:08
to increase happiness,
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행볡을 μ¦μ§„ν•˜κ³  긍정적인 감정을 λ†’μ΄λŠ” 것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ³ ,
22:10
to increase positive emotion.
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22:13
And that's typically how they've been used.
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그리고, κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 이용돼 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:16
But once you fractionate happiness the way I do --
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ œκ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 것 처럼 행볡을 ν•œ 번 뢄별해 보면
22:19
not just positive emotion, that's not nearly enough --
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긍정적인 κ°μ •λ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ - μ΄κ²ƒλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ μΆ©λΆ„μΉ˜ μ•Šμ£  --
22:22
there's flow in life, and there's meaning in life.
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μ‚Άμ—λŠ” λͺ°μž…이 있고, μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:25
As Laura Lee told us,
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λ‘œλΌλ¦¬κ°€ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λ§ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό
22:27
design and, I believe, entertainment and technology,
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λ””μžμΈ, 그리고 였락과 κΈ°μˆ μ„
22:30
can be used to increase meaning engagement in life as well.
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μ‚Άμ˜ μ˜λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” κ΄€μ—¬λ₯Ό μ¦μ§„μ‹œν‚€λŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš© κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:35
So in conclusion,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 결둠은 λ‚™κ΄€μ£Όμ˜μ˜ 11번째 μ΄μœ λŠ”,
22:37
the eleventh reason for optimism,
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22:39
in addition to the space elevator,
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우주 μ—˜λ ˆλ² μ΄ν„°μ™€ λ”λΆˆμ–΄,
22:42
is that I think with technology, entertainment and design,
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기술, 였락과 λ””μžμΈκ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜
22:48
we can actually increase the amount of tonnage
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ˜ 인λ₯˜μ˜ 행볡 μš©μ λŸ‰μ„
22:51
of human happiness on the planet.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ¦λŒ€μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:54
And if technology can, in the next decade or two,
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그리고 ν–₯ν›„ 10λ…„~20λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 기술이 즐거운 μ‚Ά, ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μ‚Ά
22:58
increase the pleasant life, the good life and the meaningful life,
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μ˜λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” 삢을 μ¦μ§„μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ ν›Œλ₯­ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:02
it will be good enough.
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23:04
If entertainment can be diverted to also increase positive emotion,
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λ§Œμ•½ 였락이 긍정적인 감정을 의미, ν–‰λ³΅μœΌλ‘œλ„ μ „ν™˜μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
23:10
meaning eudaemonia,
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μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:13
it will be good enough.
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23:14
And if design can increase positive emotion,
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그리고 λ””μžμΈμ΄ 긍정적인 감정,
23:20
eudaemonia, and flow and meaning,
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행볡, λͺ°μž…, 의미λ₯Ό μ¦λŒ€μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
23:23
what we're all doing together will become good enough.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•¨κ»˜ ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것이 μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ ν›Œλ₯­ν•΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:27
Thank you.
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23:28
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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