Leather and meat without killing animals | Andras Forgacs

282,309 views ใƒป 2013-09-19

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Moonjung Kyung ๊ฒ€ํ† : June Lee
00:12
When my father and I started a company
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ
00:15
to 3D print human tissues and organs,
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
00:18
some people initially thought we were a little crazy.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
But since then, much progress has been made,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ํ›„๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค๊ณผ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ
00:24
both in our lab and other labs around the world.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
And given this, we started getting questions like,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
00:30
"If you can grow human body parts,
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"์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ์ฒด ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:33
can you also grow animal products like meat and leather?"
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™๋ฌผ ์ œํ’ˆ๋„ ํ‚ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?"
00:39
When someone first suggested this to me,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
00:41
quite frankly I thought they were a little crazy,
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์ €๋Š” ์†”์งํžˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
but what I soon came to realize
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€
00:46
was that this is not so crazy after all.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋ฏธ์นœ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
What's crazy is what we do today.
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์ •์‹ ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์ง“์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
I'm convinced that in 30 years,
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30๋…„ ํ›„์—
00:54
when we look back on today
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์„ ๋’ค๋Œ์•„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
00:56
and on how we raise and slaughter billions of animals
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ํ‚ค์›Œ ๋„์‚ดํ•˜์—ฌ
01:00
to make our hamburgers and our handbags,
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ํ–„๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ธ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Œ์ด์ผœ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:03
we'll see this as being wasteful
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ญ๋น„์ด๊ณ 
01:05
and indeed crazy.
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๋ฏธ์นœ ์ง“์ด๋ผ ์—ฌ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
Did you know that today we maintain
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
01:10
a global herd of 60 billion animals
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ์œ ์ œํ’ˆ, ๋‹ฌ๊ฑ€, ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:14
to provide our meat, dairy, eggs and leather goods?
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ 600์–ต์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
01:19
And over the next few decades,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ช‡ ์‹ญ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ,
01:21
as the world's population expands to 10 billion,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 100์–ต์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:24
this will need to nearly double
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ฒœ์–ต ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋กœ
01:26
to 100 billion animals.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
But maintaining this herd
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋“ค ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ์ผ์€
01:30
takes a major toll on our planet.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ํฐ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
Animals are not just raw materials.
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์›์ž์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
They're living beings,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์ด๊ณ ,
01:37
and already our livestock
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์ด๋ฏธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์ถ•๋“ค์€
01:39
is one of the largest users of land,
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๋Œ€์ง€์™€ ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์˜
01:42
fresh water,
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์ฃผ์š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์ด๋ฉฐ,
01:43
and one of the biggest producers of greenhouse gases
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”
01:46
which drive climate change.
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์˜จ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ž์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
On top of this,
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
01:49
when you get so many animals so close together,
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๊ทธ ๋งŽ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋ชฐ์•„๋„ฃ์„ ๋•Œ
01:52
it creates a breeding ground for disease
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์งˆ๋ณ‘, ํ•ด๋กœ์›€, ํ•™๋Œ€์˜
01:55
and opportunities for harm and abuse.
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์›์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Clearly, we cannot continue on this path
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๋ถ„๋ช…, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ณต์ค‘ ์œ„์ƒ๊ณผ
02:01
which puts the environment, public health,
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์Œ์‹ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
02:05
and food security at risk.
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์ด ๊ธธ์„ ์ง€์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
There is another way, because essentially,
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๋Œ€์•ˆ์€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:11
animal products are just collections of tissues,
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๋™๋ฌผ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์€ ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:15
and right now we breed and raise
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์‹์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์œกํ•˜๋Š”
02:17
highly complex animals
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๊ณ ๋„์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ๋™๋ฌผ์€
02:19
only to create products
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์ œํ’ˆ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
02:21
that are made of relatively simple tissues.
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๋น„๊ต์  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
What if, instead of starting with a complex
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๋งŒ์•ฝ, ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์‹์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
02:27
and sentient animal,
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๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
02:29
we started with what the tissues are made of,
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์กฐ์ง์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋‹จ์œ„์ธ
02:33
the basic unit of life,
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์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
02:35
the cell?
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์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
02:38
This is biofabrication, where cells themselves
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ๋ฐฐ์–‘์œผ๋กœ, ์„ธํฌ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€
02:41
can be used to grow biological products
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋˜์–ด
02:44
like tissues and organs.
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์กฐ์ง์ด๋‚˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
Already in medicine,
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์˜ํ•™์—์„œ๋Š”
02:47
biofabrication techniques have been used
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๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
02:50
to grow sophisticated body parts,
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์ •๊ตํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด ์กฐ์ง์ด ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋๋Š”๋ฐ
02:52
like ears, windpipes, skin, blood vessels and bone,
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๊ฐ€๋ น, ๊ท€, ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€, ํ”ผ๋ถ€, ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋ผˆ ๋“ฑ์ด
02:57
that have been successfully implanted into patients.
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ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‹๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
And beyond medicine, biofabrication can be
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์ด๋Š” ์˜ํ•™ ์™ธ์—๋„, ์ธ๋„์ ์ด๊ณ 
03:04
a humane, sustainable and scalable new industry.
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์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์‹  ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
And we should begin by reimagining leather.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ ์ œํ’ˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:15
I emphasize leather because it is so widely used.
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๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:19
It is beautiful, and it has long been a part of our history.
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ  ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:24
Growing leather is also technically simpler
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๊ฐ€์ฃฝ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ
03:26
than growing other animal products like meat.
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™๋ฌผ ์ œํ’ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฐฐ์–‘์ด ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
It mainly uses one cell type,
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ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅ˜๋งŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:31
and it is largely two-dimensional.
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ ํ‰๋ฉด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
It is also less polarizing for consumers and regulators.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์™€ ๊ทœ์ œ์ž๊ฐ„์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ๋„ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
Until biofabrication is better understood,
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๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ๋ฐฐ์–‘์ด ๋” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€,
03:41
it is clear that, initially at least,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:43
more people would be willing to wear novel materials
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹ํ’ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค
03:48
than would be willing to eat novel foods,
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๋” ํ˜ธ์‘์„ ์–ป์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
no matter how delicious.
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๋ง›๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:52
In this sense, leather is a gateway material,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ์—์„œ, ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด๋ค„
03:55
a beginning for the mainstream biofabrication industry.
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๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์—ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
If we can succeed here,
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๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉด
04:02
it brings our other consumer bioproducts like meat
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ํŒ๋งค๋„
04:05
closer on the horizon.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
Now how do we do it?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:11
To grow leather, we begin by taking cells
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๊ฐ€์ฃฝ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋จผ์ € ๋™๋ฌผ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ
04:14
from an animal, through a simple biopsy.
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์ฑ„์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
The animal could be a cow,
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์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:19
lamb, or even something more exotic.
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์–‘์ด๋‚˜ ์ง„๊ท€ํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
This process does no harm,
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๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋ฌดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ
04:24
and Daisy the cow can live a happy life.
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์†Œ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต์€ ์นจํ•ด๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
We then isolate the skin cells
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹œ์ผœ
04:28
and multiply them in a cell culture medium.
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์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—์„œ ์ฆ์‹์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
This takes millions of cells
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€
04:32
and expands them into billions.
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
And we then coax these cells to produce collagen,
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๊ทธํ›„ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋“ฏ
04:38
as they would naturally.
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์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
This collagen is the stuff between cells.
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์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ์€ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
It's natural connective tissue.
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์ฒœ์—ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์กฐ์ง์ด์ฃ .
04:44
It's the extracellular matrix,
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์ด๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ์™ธ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์ด๊ธด ํ•˜๋‚˜
04:46
but in leather, it's the main building block.
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๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
And what we next do is we take the cells and their collagen
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ์„
04:53
and we spread them out to form sheets,
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๋„“๊ฒŒ ํŽด์„œ ์‹œํŠธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํŽด๊ณ 
04:55
and then we layer these thin sheets on top of one another,
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์–‡์€ ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ํฌ๊ฐœ์–ด
04:58
like phyllo pastry, to form thicker sheets,
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ํŒŒ์ด ๊ป์งˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‘๊ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
which we then let mature.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
And finally, we take this multilayered skin
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฒน์˜ ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
05:07
and through a shorter and much less chemical tanning process,
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‹จ์ถ•๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ด์ง„ ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ณต์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
05:11
we create leather.
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๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์ด ํƒ„์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
And so I'm very excited to show you,
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๋–จ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์€
05:15
for the first time,
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜
05:17
the first batch of our cultured leather,
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์ธ๊ณต ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
fresh from the lab.
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๋žฉ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
This is real, genuine leather,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ํฌ์ƒ์—†์ด ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋œ
05:26
without the animal sacrifice.
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์‹ค์ œ ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
It can have all the characteristics of leather
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๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
05:33
because it is made of the same cells,
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๊ฐ€์ฃฝ ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
and better yet,
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๋” ์ข‹์€ ์ ์€
05:38
there is no hair to remove,
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์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ„ธ์ด ์—†๊ณ ,
05:42
no scars or insect's bites,
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์ƒ์ฒ˜๋‚˜ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฐ ์ž๊ตญ๋„ ์—†๊ณ ,
05:45
and no waste.
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๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๊ฒŒ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
This leather can be grown in the shape of a wallet,
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์ด ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์€ ์ง€๊ฐ‘์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ
05:50
a handbag or a car seat.
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ํ˜น์€ ์ฐจ ์ขŒ์„ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
It is not limited to the irregular shape of a cow
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์ด๋Š” ์†Œ๋‚˜ ์•…์–ด ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋งŒ
05:56
or an alligator.
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์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
And because we make this material,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ 
06:01
we grow this leather from the ground up,
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—์„œ ์™„์„ฑํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:04
we can control its properties in very interesting ways.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
This piece of leather
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์ด ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ ์กฐ๊ฐ์€
06:09
is a mere seven tissue layers thick,
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7๊ฒน์˜ ์กฐ์ง๋ฟ์ธ๋ฐ
06:13
and as you can see, it is nearly transparent.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
And this leather is 21 layers thick and quite opaque.
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์ด ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์€ 21๊ฒน์ด๊ณ  ๊ฝค ๋ถˆํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
You don't have that kind of fine control
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์กฐ์ •์€
06:29
with conventional leather.
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๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
06:31
And we can tune this leather for other desirable qualities,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์„ฑ๋„ ์กฐ์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๋ฐ์š”
06:34
like softness, breathability,
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๊ฐ€๋ น, ๊ฐ์ด‰์ด๋‚˜ ํ†ต๊ธฐ์„ฑ
06:38
durability, elasticity and even things like pattern.
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๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ, ์‹ ์ถ•์„ฑ, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฌด๋Šฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:43
We can mimic nature,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:45
but in some ways also improve upon it.
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
This type of leather can do what today's leather does,
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์ด ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
06:53
but with imagination, probably much more.
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์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
What could the future of animal products look like?
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๋™๋ฌผ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
07:00
It need not look like this,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
which is actually the state of the art today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ์ด์ฃ .
07:05
Rather, it could be much more like this.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค, ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
Already, we have been manufacturing with cell cultures
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์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:11
for thousands of years, beginning with products
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์™€์ธ, ๋งฅ์ฃผ, ์š”๊ฑฐํŠธ ๊ฐ™์€
07:13
like wine, beer and yogurt.
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์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
And speaking of food, our cultured food has evolved,
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์‹ํ’ˆ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์ด ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜์—ฌ
07:19
and today we prepare cultured food
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์‹ํ’ˆ์€
07:22
in beautiful, sterile facilities like this.
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ  ์‚ด๊ท ๋œ ์‹œ์„ค์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
A brewery is essentially a bioreactor.
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์–‘์กฐ์žฅ์€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ช… ๋ฐ˜์‘๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
It is where cell culture takes place.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
Imagine that in this facility,
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์ด ์‹œ์„ค์—์„œ
07:32
instead of brewing beer,
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๋งฅ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์–‘์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
07:34
we were brewing leather
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๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–‘์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
07:37
or meat.
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์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:40
Imagine touring this facility,
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์ด ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ 
07:42
learning about how the leather or meat is cultured,
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๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ 
07:46
seeing the process from beginning to end,
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์ „ ๊ณต์ •์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
07:49
and even trying some.
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์‹œ์‹ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:50
It's clean, open and educational,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ต์œก์ ์ด์ฃ .
07:53
and this is in contrast to the hidden,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š”
07:56
guarded and remote factories
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๊ฐ์ถ”์–ด์ ธ ๊ฐ์‹œ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์™ธ๋”ด ๊ณต์žฅ๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š”
07:58
where leather and meat is produced today.
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์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ฃ .
08:01
Perhaps biofabrication
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์•„๋งˆ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ๋ฐฐ์–‘์€
08:04
is a natural evolution of manufacturing for mankind.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ง„ํ™”์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
It's environmentally responsible,
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์ด๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์นœํ™”์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
08:11
efficient and humane.
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ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ธ๋„์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
It allows us to be creative.
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์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:16
We can design new materials, new products,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œํ’ˆ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์„ค์„
08:19
and new facilities.
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๊ณ ์•ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
We need to move past just killing animals
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์‚ด์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ
08:26
as a resource
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ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค
08:28
to something more civilized and evolved.
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์ข€ ๋” ๋ฌธ๋ช…ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์ง„ํ™”๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
Perhaps we are ready for something
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์ด์ œ์•ผ ๋ง๋กœ ์ข€๋” ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„
08:37
literally and figuratively more cultured.
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๋งž์ดํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋“ฏ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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