Alan Russell: The potential of regenerative medicine

80,095 views ใƒป 2008-04-14

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shaike Katz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:26
I'm going to talk to you today about
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื
00:28
hopefully converting fear into hope.
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ืขืœ ื”ืžืจืช ืคื—ื“ ืœืชืงื•ื•ื”, ื‘ืฉืื™ืคื”
00:31
When we go to the physician today --
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืจื•ืคื ื”ื™ื•ื
00:34
when we go to the doctor's office and we walk in,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ืคื ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื
00:36
there are words that we just don't want to hear.
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ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข
00:39
There are words that we're truly afraid of.
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ืืœื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื ืžื”ืŸ
00:41
Diabetes, cancer, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's,
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ืกื•ื›ืจืช, ืกืจื˜ืŸ, ืคืจืงื™ื ืกื•ืŸ, ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ
00:45
heart failure, lung failure --
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ืื™ ืกืคื™ืงืช ืœื‘, ืื™ ืกืคื™ืงืช ืจื™ืื•ืช
00:47
things that we know are debilitating diseases,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช
00:50
for which there's relatively little that can be done.
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ื•ืฉื›ื ื’ื“ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืžืขื˜ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
00:55
And what I want to lay out for you today is
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื
00:57
a different way of thinking about how to treat debilitating disease,
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ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžื—ืœื™ืฉื•ืช
01:01
why it's important,
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ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘
01:03
why without it perhaps our health care system will melt down
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ืœืžื” ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื–ื”, ืื•ืœื™, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืงืจืกื•
01:06
if you think it already hasn't,
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ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืงืจื”
01:08
and where we are clinically today, and where we might go tomorrow,
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ื•ืื™ืคื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช, ื•ืœืื™ืคื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืœืš ืžื—ืจ
01:11
and what some of the hurdles are.
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ื•ืžื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื
01:13
And we're going to do all of that in 18 minutes, I promise.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ 18 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—
01:16
I want to start with this slide,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื–ื•
01:18
because this slide sort of tells the story the way Science Magazine thinks of it.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืžืกืคืจืช ื‘ืขืจืš ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Science ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™ื•
01:23
This was an issue from 2002
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืž 2002
01:25
that they published with a lot of different articles on the bionic human.
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ืฉื”ื ืคืจืกืžื• ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืืžืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™
01:29
It was basically a regenerative medicine issue.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืชื™ืช
01:32
Regenerative medicine is an extraordinarily simple concept
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ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
01:36
that everybody can understand.
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ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
01:38
It's simply accelerating the pace at which the body heals itself
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืืฆืช ื”ืงืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืจืคื ืืช ืขืฆืžื•
01:42
to a clinically relevant timescale.
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ืœืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช
01:46
So we know how to do this in many of the ways that are up there.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช
01:49
We know that if we have a damaged hip, you can put an artificial hip in.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ืจืš ืคื’ื•ืžื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื” ื™ืจืš ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช
01:53
And this is the idea that Science Magazine used on their front cover.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Science ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉืขืจ ืฉืœื•
01:57
This is the complete antithesis of regenerative medicine.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืชื–ื” ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืœืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืชื™ืช
02:01
This is not regenerative medicine.
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ื–ื• ืœื ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืชื™ืช
02:03
Regenerative medicine is what Business Week put up
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ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉ Business Week ืฉืžื• ื‘ืฉืขืจ ืฉืœื”ื
02:06
when they did a story about regenerative medicine not too long ago.
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ื›ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืชื™ืช ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ
02:09
The idea is that instead of figuring out how to ameliorate symptoms
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืš ืœืจืคื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื
02:14
with devices and drugs and the like --
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ืขื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” --
02:16
and I'll come back to that theme a few times --
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ื•ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื --
02:19
instead of doing that, we will regenerate lost function of the body
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื—ื“ืฉ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืื‘ื“
02:23
by regenerating the function of organs and damaged tissue.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืจืงืžื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื–ื•ืงื•
02:27
So that at the end of the treatment,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
02:29
you are the same as you were at the beginning of the treatment.
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ืืชื ืชื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
02:34
Very few good ideas -- if you agree that this is a good idea --
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ืžืขื˜ ืžืื“ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื -- ืื ืืชื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ --
02:37
very few good ideas are truly novel.
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ืžืขื˜ ืžืื“ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช
02:40
And this is just the same.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ
02:42
If you look back in history,
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ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
02:44
Charles Lindbergh, who was better known for flying airplanes,
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ืฆ'ืจืœืก ืœื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื’ -- ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื˜ืกืช ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื --
02:48
was actually one of the first people
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ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื
02:49
along with Alexis Carrel, one of the Nobel Laureates from Rockefeller,
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืืœืงืกื™ืก ืงืืจืœ, ื–ื•ื›ื” ืคืจืก ื”ื ื•ื‘ืœ ืžืจื•ืงืคืœืจ
02:53
to begin to think about, could you culture organs?
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ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ื“ืœ ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื?
02:57
And they published this book in 1937,
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ื•ื”ื ืคืจืกืžื• ืกืคืจ ื‘ 1937
02:59
where they actually began to think about,
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
03:01
what could you do in bio-reactors to grow whole organs?
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื“ืœ ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื?
03:07
We've come a long way since then.
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ื”ืชืงื“ืžื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื–
03:08
I'm going to share with you some of the exciting work that's going on.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืชื›ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืจืชืงืช ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืช ื›ื™ื•ื
03:11
But before doing that, what I'd like to do
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช
03:13
is share my depression about the health care system
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ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืชื›ื ืืช ื”ื“ื›ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
03:16
and the need for this with you.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
03:18
Many of the talks yesterday talked about
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืืชืžื•ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื•
03:20
improving the quality of life, and reducing poverty,
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ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™
03:23
and essentially increasing life expectancy all around the globe.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืืจื›ืช ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
03:28
One of the challenges is that the richer we are, the longer we live.
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:33
And the longer we live, the more expensive it is
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:36
to take care of our diseases as we get older.
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ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื“ืงื ื™ื
03:39
This is simply the wealth of a country
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ื–ื”, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื“, ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”
03:42
versus the percent of population over the age of 65.
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ืžื•ืœ ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 65
03:46
And you can basically see that the richer a country is,
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:49
the older the people are within it.
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ื›ืš ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:51
Why is this important?
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ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘?
03:53
And why is this a particularly dramatic challenge right now?
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ื•ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืืชื’ืจ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื›ืจื’ืข?
03:57
If the average age of your population is 30,
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ืื ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื”ื•ื 30
03:59
then the average kind of disease that you have to treat
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ืื– ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”
04:03
is maybe a broken ankle every now and again,
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ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืงืจืกื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื
04:05
maybe a little bit of asthma.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืงืฆืช ืืกื˜ืžื”
04:06
If the average age in your country is 45 to 55,
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ืื ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื•ื 45 ืขื“ 55
04:10
now the average person is looking at diabetes,
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ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืกื•ื›ืจืช,
04:13
early-onset diabetes, heart failure, coronary artery disease --
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ืกื•ื›ืจืช ื ืขื•ืจื™ื, ืื™ ืกืคื™ืงืช ืœื‘, ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ื”ื›ืœื™ืœื™ื™ื
04:16
things that are inherently more difficult to treat,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื˜ื‘ืขื ื”ื ืงืฉื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
04:19
and much more expensive to treat.
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ื•ื™ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
04:21
Just have a look at the demographics in the U.S. here.
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ืจืง ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื›ืืŸ
04:24
This is from "The Untied States of America."
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ื–ื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกืคืจ The Untied States of America
04:26
In 1930, there were 41 workers per retiree.
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ื‘ 1930, ื”ื™ื• 41 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื’ืžืœืื™
04:30
41 people who were basically outside of being really sick,
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41 ืื™ืฉ ืฉืœืžืขื˜ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืฉ ื—ื•ืœื™ื
04:35
paying for the one retiree who was experiencing debilitating disease.
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ืฉืœืžื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืžืœืื™ ืื—ื“ ืขื ืžื—ืœื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื”
04:41
In 2010, two workers per retiree in the U.S.
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ื‘ 2010, ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื’ืžืœืื™ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
04:44
And this is matched in every industrialized, wealthy country in the world.
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืžืชื•ืขืฉืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื
04:50
How can you actually afford to treat patients
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ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ื
04:53
when the reality of getting old looks like this?
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ื›ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ื›ื”?
04:56
This is age versus cost of health care.
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ื–ื” ื’ื™ืœ ืžื•ืœ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™
04:59
And you can see that right around age 45, 40 to 45,
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื’ื™ืœ 45, 40 ืขื“ 45,
05:05
there's a sudden spike in the cost of health care.
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ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ื ื•ืง ืคืชืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™
05:10
It's actually quite interesting. If you do the right studies,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ -- ืื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื
05:13
you can look at how much you as an individual spend on your own health care,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืืชื” ื›ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœ ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
05:17
plotted over your lifetime.
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ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื–ืืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ืš
05:19
And about seven years before you're about to die, there's a spike.
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ื•ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืžื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ื ื•ืง
05:23
And you can actually --
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืžืžืฉ --
05:24
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:26
-- we won't get into that.
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-- ืœื ื ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื”
05:27
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:31
There are very few things, very few things that you can really do
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ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžืขื˜ ืžืื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช
05:36
that will change the way that you can treat these kinds of diseases
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ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช
05:41
and experience what I would call healthy aging.
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ื•ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื”
05:45
I'd suggest there are four things,
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ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
05:47
and none of these things include an insurance system or a legal system.
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ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช
05:51
All those things do is change who pays.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืœื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืžืฉืœื
05:53
They don't actually change what the actual cost of the treatment is.
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ื”ื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื”
05:57
One thing you can do is not treat. You can ration health care.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื ืœื˜ืคืœ. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืฆื•ื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™
06:01
We won't talk about that anymore. It's too depressing.
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ืœื ื ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”. ื–ื” ืžื“ื›ื ืžื“ื™.
06:04
You can prevent.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข
06:05
Obviously a lot of monies should be put into prevention.
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ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืžื ื™ืขื”
06:09
But perhaps most interesting, to me anyway, and most important,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
06:12
is the idea of diagnosing a disease much earlier on in the progression,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืื• ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš
06:17
and then treating the disease to cure the disease
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ื•ืื– ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืคื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื”
06:20
instead of treating a symptom.
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ื•ืœื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ื
06:22
Think of it in terms of diabetes, for instance.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืจืช, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”
06:26
Today, with diabetes, what do we do?
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืขื ืกื•ื›ืจืช, ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื?
06:28
We diagnose the disease eventually, once it becomes symptomatic,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืฉื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื
06:31
and then we treat the symptom for 10, 20, 30, 40 years.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ื 10, 20, 30, 40 ืฉื ื”
06:35
And we do OK. Insulin's a pretty good therapy.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื“ืจื™ื. ืื™ื ืกื•ืœื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.
06:39
But eventually it stops working,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืคืกื™ืง ืœืคืขื•ืœ
06:40
and diabetes leads to a predictable onset of debilitating disease.
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ื•ืกื•ื›ืจืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช
06:48
Why couldn't we just inject the pancreas with something
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ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื–ืจื™ืง ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืœื‘ืœื‘
06:51
to regenerate the pancreas early on in the disease,
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ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื”
06:54
perhaps even before it was symptomatic?
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื
06:57
And it might be a little bit expensive at the time that we did it,
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื™ืงืจ ื›ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”
07:00
but if it worked, we would truly be able to do something different.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื”
07:04
This video, I think, gets across the concept that I'm talking about quite dramatically.
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ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช
07:09
This is a newt re-growing its limb.
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ื–ื• ืœื˜ืื”, ืฉืžื’ื“ืœืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ืฉืœื”
07:13
If a newt can do this kind of thing, why can't we?
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ืื ืœื˜ืื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ืœืžื” ืœื ืื ื—ื ื•?
07:16
I'll actually show you some more important features
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ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืขื•ื“ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช
07:19
about limb regeneration in a moment.
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ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืจื’ืข
07:21
But what we're talking about in regenerative medicine
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืชื™ืช
07:24
is doing this in every organ system of the body,
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ื”ื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ
07:27
for tissues and for organs themselves.
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ืœืจืงืžื•ืช ื•ืœืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื
07:34
So today's reality is that if we get sick,
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ืื– ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืœื™ื
07:37
the message is we will treat your symptoms,
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ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
07:40
and you need to adjust to a new way of life.
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ื•ืืชื ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืœื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื”
07:43
I would pose to you that tomorrow --
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืฉืžื—ืจ --
07:45
and when tomorrow is we could debate,
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ื•ืขืœ ืžืชื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื•ืŸ,
07:47
but it's within the foreseeable future --
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ --
07:49
we will talk about regenerative rehabilitation.
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ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืชื™
07:53
There's a limb prosthetic up here,
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ื–ื• ืจื’ืœ ืชื•ืชื‘ืช ืฉื ืœืžืขืœื”
07:54
similar actually one on the soldier
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ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื–ื• ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ
07:57
that's come back from Iraq.
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ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืžืขื™ืจืง...
07:59
There are 370 soldiers that have come back from Iraq that have lost limbs.
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ื™ืฉ 370 ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ืžืขื™ืจืง ื•ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื• ื’ืคื™ื™ื
08:03
Imagine if instead of facing that, they could actually
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื–ื”, ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
08:06
face the regeneration of that limb.
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ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ื’ืคื”
08:08
It's a wild concept.
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ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ
08:10
I'll show you where we are at the moment in working towards that concept.
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ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืื™ืคื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
08:15
But it's applicable, again, to every organ system.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉื™ื, ืฉื•ื‘, ืœื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื
08:17
How can we do that?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”?
08:18
The way to do that is to develop a conversation with the body.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ
08:22
We need to learn to speak the body's language.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืช ืฉืคืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ
08:25
And to switch on processes that we knew how to do when we were a fetus.
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ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื“ืขื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื
08:30
A mammalian fetus, if it loses a limb during the first trimester of pregnancy,
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ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื, ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืื‘ื“ ืื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ,
08:35
will re-grow that limb.
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ื™ื’ื“ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
08:37
So our DNA has the capacity to do these kinds of wound-healing mechanisms.
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ืื– ืœื“ื "ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืฉืœ ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืคืฆืขื™ื
08:43
It's a natural process,
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ื–ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื˜ื‘ืขื™
08:45
but it is lost as we age.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื“ืœื™ื
08:49
In a child, before the age of about six months,
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ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“, ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš
08:52
if they lose their fingertip in an accident,
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ืื ื”ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ืงืฆื” ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ื‘ืชืื•ื ื”
08:54
they'll re-grow their fingertip.
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ื”ื ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืงืฆื” ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ืฉืœื”ื
08:56
By the time they're five, they won't be able to do that anymore.
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื—ืžืฉ ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:59
So to engage in that conversation with the body,
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ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ื• ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ
09:02
we need to speak the body's language.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืช ืฉืคืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ
09:04
And there are certain tools in our toolbox that allow us to do this today.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ื– ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื
09:09
I'm going to give you an example of three of these tools
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืœื›ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”
09:12
through which to converse with the body.
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ืฉื“ืจื›ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ
09:15
The first is cellular therapies.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจืคื•ืื” ืชืื™ืช
09:17
Clearly, we heal ourselves in a natural process,
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ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจืคืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื˜ื‘ืขื™
09:20
using cells to do most of the work.
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ื•ืžืฉืชืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
09:23
Therefore, if we can find the right cells
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื
09:25
and implant them in the body, they may do the healing.
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ื•ื ืฉืชื•ืœ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืจื™ืคื•ื™
09:29
Secondly, we can use materials.
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื
09:31
We heard yesterday about the importance of new materials.
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ืฉืžืขื ื• ืืชืžื•ืœ ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
09:34
If we can invent materials, design materials,
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ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื, ืœืขืฆื‘ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื
09:37
or extract materials from a natural environment,
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ืื• ืœื”ืคื™ืง ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช
09:40
then we might be able to have those materials induce the body to heal itself.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœืจืคื ืืช ืขืฆืžื•
09:44
And finally, we may be able to use smart devices
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ื•ืœืกื™ื•ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื
09:47
that will offload the work of the body and allow it to heal.
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ืฉื™ืคื—ื™ืชื• ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื• ืœื”ืชืจืคื
09:52
I'm going to show you an example of each of these,
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืืœื”
09:54
and I'm going to start with materials.
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ื•ืืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื
09:56
Steve Badylak -- who's at the University of Pittsburgh --
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ืœืกื˜ื™ื‘ ื‘ืื“ื™ืœืืง -- ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืคื™ื˜ืกื‘ื•ืจื’ --
09:58
about a decade ago had a remarkable idea.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืจืฉื™ื
10:01
And that idea was that the small intestine of a pig,
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื™ ื“ืง ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื™ืจ
10:05
if you threw away all the cells,
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ืื ื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืื™ื
10:08
and if you did that in a way that allowed it to remain biologically active,
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ื•ืื ื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืืจ ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช
10:12
may contain all of the necessary factors and signals
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื•ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื
10:15
that would signal the body to heal itself.
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ืฉื™ืื•ืชืชื• ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœืจืคื ืืช ืขืฆืžื•
10:17
And he asked a very important question.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ ืฉืืœื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื“
10:19
He asked the question,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”
10:20
if I take that material, which is a natural material
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ืื ืืงื— ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™
10:23
that usually induces healing in the small intestine,
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ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืจื™ืคื•ื™ ื‘ืžืขื™ ื”ื“ืง
10:26
and I place it somewhere else on a person's body,
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ื•ืืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ืขืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
10:30
would it give a tissue-specific response,
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ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื’ื™ื‘ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืœืจืงืžื”,
10:33
or would it make small intestine if I tried to make a new ear?
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ืื• ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืขื™ ื“ืง ืื ืื ืกื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ื–ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื”?
10:37
I wouldn't be telling you this story if it weren't compelling.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื›ื ืข
10:42
The picture I'm about to show you
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื --
10:44
is a compelling picture.
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:46
(Laughter)
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-- ื”ื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืฉื›ื ืขืช
10:48
However, for those of you that are even the slightest bit squeamish --
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืœืืœื” ืžื›ื ืฉืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืฆืช --
10:51
even though you may not like to admit it in front of your friends --
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืชืจืฆื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ื --
10:54
the lights are down. This is a good time to look at your feet,
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ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื‘ื•ื™ื™ื. ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
10:57
check your Blackberry, do anything other than look at the screen.
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ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื, ืื• ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš
11:02
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:05
What I'm about to show you is a diabetic ulcer.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื‘ ืกื•ื›ืจืชื™
11:09
And although -- it's good to laugh before we look at this.
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช -- ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฆื—ื•ืง ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ืืช ื–ื”
11:12
This is the reality of diabetes.
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ื–ื• ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืจืช
11:14
I think a lot of times we hear about diabetics, diabetic ulcers,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ ืกื•ื›ืจืช, ื•ื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ื›ืจืชื™ื™ื
11:17
we just don't connect the ulcer with the eventual treatment,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ื‘ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืกื•ืคื™
11:22
which is amputation, if you can't heal it.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื˜ื™ืขื”, ืื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืคื ืื•ืชื•
11:24
So I'm going to put the slide up now. It won't be up for long.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืงืจื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•. ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชื•ืงืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ.
11:27
This is a diabetic ulcer. It's tragic.
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ื–ื”ื• ื›ื™ื‘ ืกื•ื›ืจืชื™. ื–ื” ื˜ืจื’ื™.
11:30
The treatment for this is amputation.
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ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืงื˜ื™ืขื”.
11:32
This is an older lady. She has cancer of the liver as well as diabetes,
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ื–ื• ืืฉื” ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื’ื ืกื•ื›ืจืช
11:36
and has decided to die with what' s left of her body intact.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืžื•ืช ืขื ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœืžื”
11:41
And this lady decided, after a year of attempted treatment of that ulcer,
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ื•ื”ืืฉื” ื”ื–ื• , ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื–ื”
11:46
that she would try this new therapy that Steve invented.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื ืกื” ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืกื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืฆื™ื
11:49
That's what the wound looked like 11 weeks later.
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ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ื”ืคืฆืข 11 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ
11:52
That material contained only natural signals.
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ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืœืœ ืจืง ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื
11:56
And that material induced the body to switch back on a healing response
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืจื™ืคื•ื™
12:00
that it didn't have before.
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืงื•ื“ื
12:02
There's going to be a couple more distressing slides for those of you --
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ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืžืœื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ืœืืœื” ืžื›ื ืฉ...
12:05
I'll let you know when you can look again.
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ืื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื›ื ืžืชื™ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืฉื•ื‘
12:07
This is a horse. The horse is not in pain.
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ื–ื” ืกื•ืก. ื”ืกื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืกื•ื‘ืœ.
12:10
If the horse was in pain, I wouldn't show you this slide.
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ืื ื”ืกื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื‘ืœ, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืจืื” ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื–ื•.
12:12
The horse just has another nostril that's developed
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ืœืกื•ืก ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื ื—ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืชืคืชื—
12:15
because of a riding accident.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชืื•ื ืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื”
12:17
Just a few weeks after treatment --
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ืจืง ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ --
12:18
in this case, taking that material, turning it into a gel,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื’'ืœ
12:21
and packing that area, and then repeating the treatment a few times --
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ื•ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืื– ื—ื–ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื
12:25
and the horse heals up.
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ื•ื”ืกื•ืก ื ืจืคื
12:27
And if you took an ultrasound of that area, it would look great.
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ื•ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื•ืœื˜ืจืืกืื•ื ื“ ืœืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ืžืขื•ืœื”
12:29
Here's a dolphin where the fin's been re-attached.
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ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ืœืคื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืกื ืคื™ืจ ืฉืœื• ื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
12:32
There are now 400,000 patients around the world
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ื™ืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• 400,000 ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
12:35
who have used that material to heal their wounds.
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ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœืจืคื ืืช ื”ืคืฆืขื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
12:38
Could you regenerate a limb?
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ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ื“ืœ ืื™ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ?
12:41
DARPA just gave Steve 15 million dollars to lead an eight-institution project
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DARPA (ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื) ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืชื ื” ืœืกื˜ื™ื‘ 15 ืžื™ืœ' ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช
12:45
to begin the process of asking that question.
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ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”
12:48
And I'll show you the 15 million dollar picture.
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ื•ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืืช ืชืžื•ื ืช ื” 15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
12:51
This is a 78 year-old man who's lost the end of his fingertip.
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ื–ื” ืื“ื ื‘ืŸ 78 ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ืงืฆืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ืฉืœื•
12:54
Remember that I mentioned before the children who lose their fingertips.
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ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
12:58
After treatment that's what it looks like.
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ืœืื—ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื›ืš ื–ื” ื ืจืื”
13:01
This is happening today.
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื
13:03
This is clinically relevant today.
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ื–ื” ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช
13:06
There are materials that do this. Here are the heart patches.
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”. ื™ืฉ ื˜ืœืื™ื ืœืœื‘
13:09
But could you go a little further?
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœื›ืช ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื“ื™ืžื”?
13:11
Could you, say, instead of using material,
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ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ, ื ื ื™ื—, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื,
13:13
can I take some cells along with the material,
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ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื—ืช ื›ืžื” ืชืื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ
13:15
and remove a damaged piece of tissue,
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ื•ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื—ืœืง ืžืจืงืžื” ืคื’ื•ืขื”
13:17
put a bio-degradable material on there?
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ืœืฉื™ื ืฉื ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืชื›ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช?
13:20
You can see here a little bit of heart muscle beating in a dish.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื—ืœืง ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ืจ ืœื‘ ืคื•ืขื ื‘ืฆืœื•ื—ื™ืช
13:23
This was done by Teruo Okano at Tokyo Women's Hospital.
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ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ืื• ืื•ืงืื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ื— ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืงื™ื•
13:28
He can actually grow beating tissue in a dish.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ื“ืœ ืจืงืžื” ืคื•ืขืžืช ื‘ืฆืœื•ื—ื™ืช
13:31
He chills the dish, it changes its properties
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ื”ื•ื ืžืงืจืจ ืืช ื”ืฆืœื•ื—ื™ืช, ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•
13:33
and he peels it right out of the dish.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงืœืฃ ืืช ื–ื” ื™ืฉืจ ืžื”ืฆืœื•ื—ื™ืช
13:35
It's the coolest stuff.
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘
13:38
Now I'm going to show you cell-based regeneration.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืชืื™ื
13:40
And what I'm going to show you here
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ื•ืžื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื›ืืŸ
13:42
is stem cells being removed from the hip of a patient.
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ื”ื•ื ืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ืฉื ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžื™ืจืš ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœื”
13:46
Again, if you're squeamish, you don't want to watch.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ืืชื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื, ืืชื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ
13:48
But this one's kind of cool.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื“ื™ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘
13:49
So this is a bypass operation, just like what Al Gore had,
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ื–ื” ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืงืคื™ื, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืืœ ื’ื•ืจ
13:55
with a difference.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ
13:56
In this case, at the end of the bypass operation,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืขืงืคื™ื
13:59
you're going to see the stem cells from the patient
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ืืชื ืชืจืื• ืืช ืชืื™ ื”ื’ื–ืข ืžื”ื—ื•ืœื”
14:01
that were removed at the beginning of the procedure
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ืฉื ืœืงื—ื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš
14:03
being injected directly into the heart of the patient.
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ืžื•ื–ืจืงื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื”
14:07
And I'm standing up here because at one point
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืคื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื
14:09
I'm going to show you just how early this technology is.
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ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•
14:12
Here go the stem cells, right into the beating heart of the patient.
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ื”ื ื” ืชืื™ ื”ื’ื–ืข, ื™ืฉืจ ืœืœื‘ ื”ืคื•ืขื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื”
14:15
And if you look really carefully,
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ื•ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘
14:16
it's going to be right around this point
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”
14:18
you'll actually see a back-flush.
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ืžืžืฉ ืชืจืื• ืฉื–ื” ื ื•ื–ืœ ืื—ื•ืจื”
14:20
You see the cells coming back out.
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
14:24
We need all sorts of new technology, new devices,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืžื™ื›ืฉื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ
14:26
to get the cells to the right place at the right time.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชืื™ื
14:31
Just a little bit of data, a tiny bit of data.
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ืจืง ืžืขื˜ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื˜ื™ืคื” ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
14:33
This was a randomized trial.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืืงืจืื™
14:35
At this time this was an N of 20. Now there's an N of about 100.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžื“ื’ื ื”ื™ื” 20. ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื“ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 100.
14:39
Basically, if you take an extremely sick patient
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื“ื ื—ื•ืœื” ืžืื“
14:41
and you give them a bypass, they get a little bit better.
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ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœื• ืžืขืงืฃ, ืžืฆื‘ื• ื™ืฉืชืคืจ ืงืฆืช
14:43
If you give them stem cells as well as their bypass,
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ืื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื• ืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžืขืงืฃ
14:46
for these particular patients, they became asymptomatic.
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ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื
14:49
These are now two years out.
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ืืœื” ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
14:53
The coolest thing would be is if you could diagnose the disease early,
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ื”ื›ื™ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืžื•ืงื“ื
14:56
and prevent the onset of the disease to a bad state.
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ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ืืช ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืขื“ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืงืฉื”
15:00
This is the same procedure, but now done minimally invasively,
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ื–ื”ื• ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื“ื•ืžื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื—ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช
15:04
with only three holes in the body where they're taking the heart
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ืขื ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื‘
15:07
and simply injecting stem cells through a laparoscopic procedure.
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื–ืจื™ืงื™ื ืœื• ืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืคืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™
15:11
There go the cells.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืชืื™ื
15:12
We don't have time to go into all of those details,
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
15:15
but basically, that works too.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื’ื ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“
15:17
You can take patients who are less sick,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื—ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื
15:20
and bring them back to an almost asymptomatic state
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืœื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื
15:24
through that kind of therapy.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”
15:26
Here's another example of stem-cell therapy that isn't quite clinical yet,
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ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื›ืจื’ืข,
15:30
but I think very soon will be.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ื–ื” ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืื“
15:32
This is the work of Kacey Marra from Pittsburgh,
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ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ื™ืกื™ ืžืืจื” ืžืคื™ื˜ืกื‘ื•ืจื’
15:34
along with a number of colleagues around the world.
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ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
15:36
They've decided that liposuction fluid,
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ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืฉื ื•ื–ืœ ืฉืื™ื‘ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ
15:39
which -- in the United States, we have a lot of liposuction fluid.
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ืฉ -- ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื ื•ื–ืœ ืฉืื™ื‘ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ
15:42
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:43
It's a great source of stem cells.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข
15:45
Stem cells are packed in that liposuction fluid.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืชืื™ ื’ื–ืข ื‘ื ื•ื–ืœ ืฉืื™ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”
15:48
So you could go in, you could get your tummy-tuck.
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ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืžืจืคืื”, ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืงืฆืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ
15:51
Out comes the liposuction fluid,
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ื ื•ื–ืœ ืฉืื™ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื
15:53
and in this case, the stem cells are isolated and turned into neurons.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ืชืื™ ื”ื’ื–ืข ืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ืจื•ื ื™ื
15:58
All done in the lab.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”
15:59
And I think fairly soon, you will see patients being treated
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื“ื™ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘, ืชืจืื• ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื
16:02
with their own fat-derived, or adipose-derived, stem cells.
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ืขื ืชืื™ ื”ื’ื–ืข ืฉืœื”ื ืขืฆืžื, ืฉื”ื•ืคืงื• ืžื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœื”ื
16:07
I talked before about the use of devices
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”
16:09
to dramatically change the way we treat disease.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื”
16:12
Here's just one example before I close up.
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ื”ื ื” ืจืง ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืกื™ื™ื
16:14
This is equally tragic.
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ื–ื” ื˜ืจื’ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”
16:16
We have a very abiding and heartbreaking partnership
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ื•ืฉื•ื‘ืจืช ืœื‘
16:19
with our colleagues at the Institute for Surgical Research in the US Army,
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ืขื ื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ื ืืจื”"ื‘
16:23
who have to treat the now 11,000 kids that have come back from Iraq.
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ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ 11,000 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ืžืขื™ืจืง
16:28
Many of those patients are very severely burned.
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ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืžืื“
16:30
And if there's anything that's been learned about burn,
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ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช
16:32
it's that we don't know how to treat it.
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ื–ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื–ื”
16:34
Everything that is done to treat burn --
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช
16:36
basically we do a sodding approach.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™
16:39
We make something over here,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืืŸ
16:41
and then we transplant it onto the site of the wound,
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืชืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคืฆืข
16:43
and we try and get the two to take.
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ื•ืื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื™ืชื—ื‘ืจื•
16:45
In this case here, a new, wearable bio-reactor has been designed --
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืžื—ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ --
16:49
it should be tested clinically later this year at ISR --
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ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ ISR (ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื "ืœ) --
16:52
by Joerg Gerlach in Pittsburgh.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืจื’ ื’ืจืœืืš ื‘ืคื™ืกื˜ื‘ื•ืจื’
16:54
And that bio-reactor will lay down in the wound bed.
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ื•ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคืฆืข
16:57
The gun that you see there sprays cells.
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ื”ืืงื“ื— ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื ืžืจืกืก ืชืื™ื
17:00
That's going to spray cells over that area.
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ื–ื” ื™ืจืกืก ืชืื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”
17:03
The reactor will serve to fertilize the environment,
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ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืœ ื™ืฉืžืฉ ืœื“ื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
17:06
deliver other things as well at the same time,
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ื•ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช
17:09
and therefore we will seed that lawn,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื–ืจื™ืข ืืช ื”ืžื“ืฉืื” ื”ื–ื•
17:12
as opposed to try the sodding approach.
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื’ื™ืฉืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™
17:14
It's a completely different way of doing it.
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ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”
17:18
So my 18 minutes is up.
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ืื– 18 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื ื’ืžืจื•
17:20
So let me finish up with some good news,
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืขื ืงืฆืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช
17:22
and maybe a little bit of bad news.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืงืฆืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช
17:25
The good news is that this is happening today.
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ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื
17:28
It's very powerful work.
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ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
17:30
Clearly the images kind of get that across.
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ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ื–ื”
17:32
It's incredibly difficult because it's highly inter-disciplinary.
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ื–ื” ืžืื“ ืงืฉื” ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืื“ ืจื‘-ืชื—ื•ืžื™
17:35
Almost every field of science engineering and clinical practice
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื“ืกื”, ืžื“ืข ื•ืขื™ืกื•ืง ืจืคื•ืื™
17:39
is involved in trying to get this to happen.
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ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœื”ืชืžืžืฉ
17:43
A number of governments, and a number of regions,
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ืžืกืคืจ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช, ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื
17:45
have recognized that this is a new way to treat disease.
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ื–ื™ื”ื• ืฉื–ื• ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช
17:48
The Japanese government were perhaps the first,
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื™ืคื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
17:50
when they decided to invest first 3 billion,
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ื›ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข 3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ
17:53
later another 2 billion in this field.
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื
17:56
It's no coincidence.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžืงืจื™ื
17:57
Japan is the oldest country on earth in terms of its average age.
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ื™ืคืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืงื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’ื™ืœ ืžืžื•ืฆืข
18:00
They need this to work or their health system dies.
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ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื• ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืชืžื•ืช
18:05
So they're putting a lot of strategic investment focused in this area.
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ืื– ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื”
18:09
The European Union, same thing.
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ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™, ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ
18:11
China, the same thing.
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ื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ
18:13
China just launched a national tissue-engineering center.
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ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืคืชื—ื” ืžืจื›ื– ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ืจืงืžื•ืช
18:15
The first year budget was 250 million US dollars.
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ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
18:19
In the United States we've had a somewhat different approach.
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืงืฆืช ืฉื•ื ื”. ืœื ื• --
18:23
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
18:26
Oh, for Al Gore to come and be in the real world as president.
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-- ืื•ื™, ืฉืืœ ื’ื•ืจ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื›ื ืฉื™ื
18:30
We've had a different approach.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืงืฆืช ืฉื•ื ื”
18:31
And the approach has basically been to just sort of fund things as they come along.
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ืœืžืžืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื
18:35
But there's been no strategic investment
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช
18:38
to bring all of the necessary things to bear and focus them in a careful way.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื•ืœืžืงื“ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื”ื™ืจื”
18:44
And I'm going to finish up with a quote, maybe a little cheap shot,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ืขื ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜, ืื•ืœื™ ืžื›ื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœื—ื’ื•ืจื”
18:47
at the director of the NIH, who's a very charming man.
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ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœ ื” NIH (ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช), ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืžืงืกื™ื
18:53
Myself and Jay Vacanti from Harvard
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ืื ื™ ื•ื’'ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืงืื ื˜ื™ ืžื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“
18:55
went to visit with him and a number of his directors of his institute
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ื‘ื™ืงืจื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•
19:00
just a few months ago,
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ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
19:03
to try and convince him that it was time to take just a little piece
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื•ืชื• ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืงื˜ืŸ
19:08
of that 27.5 billion dollars that he's going to get next year
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ืž 27.5 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”
19:12
and focus it, in a strategic way, to make sure we can accelerate the pace
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ื•ืœืžืงื“ ืื•ืชื•, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช, ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘
19:17
at which these things get to patients.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืขืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื
19:20
And at the end of a very testy meeting,
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืฆื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืื“
19:22
what the NIH director said was,
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ืžื” ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ื” NIH ืืžืจ ื”ื•ื
19:24
"Your vision is larger than our appetite."
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"ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืชื™ืื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•"
19:26
I'd like to close by saying that no one's going to change our vision,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
19:30
but together we can change his appetite.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•
19:32
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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