Jimmy Wales: How a ragtag band created Wikipedia

123,989 views ใƒป 2007-01-16

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Shahar Kaiser
00:25
Charles Van Doren, who was later a senior editor of Britannica,
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ื‘- 1962, ืฆ'ืจืœืก ื•ื•ืืŸ ื“ื•ืจืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ืงื”,
00:28
said the ideal encyclopedia should be radical --
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ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื“ื™ืงืืœื™ืช -- ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื™ืจื”.
00:31
it should stop being safe.
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00:33
But if you know anything about the history of Britannica since 1962,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ืงื” ืžืื– 1962,
00:36
it was anything but radical:
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืจื“ื™ืงืืœื™ืช:
00:38
still a very completely safe, stodgy type of encyclopedia.
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ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ื–ื”ื™ืจื” ื•ืžืฉืขืžืžืช.
00:43
Wikipedia, on the other hand, begins with a very radical idea,
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ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”, ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™,
00:47
and that's for all of us to imagine a world
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื
00:49
in which every single person on the planet
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ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘
00:51
is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge.
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ืžืงื‘ืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
00:53
And that's what we're doing.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื. ืื– ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” --
00:56
So Wikipedia --
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00:57
you just saw the little demonstration of it --
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ืจืื™ืชื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื“ื’ืžื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœื” --
00:59
it's a freely licensed encyclopedia.
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ื”ื™ื ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืขื ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™. ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืœืคื™ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื
01:01
It's written by thousands of volunteers
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01:03
all over the world in many, many languages.
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ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืคื•ืช.
01:06
It's written using wiki software --
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ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืช ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ --
01:08
which is the type of software he just demonstrated --
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืจื’ืข ื”ื“ื’ื™ื
01:10
so anyone can quickly edit and save,
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-- ืื– ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืขืจื•ืš ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ,
01:12
and it goes live on the Internet immediately.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช.
01:15
And everything about Wikipedia is managed by virtually an all-volunteer staff.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” ืžื ื•ื”ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืจืง ืžืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื.
01:20
So when Yochai is talking about new methods of organization,
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ืื– ื›ืฉื™ื•ื—ืื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ,
01:24
he's exactly describing Wikipedia.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชืืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”. ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื•ื
01:27
And what I'm going to do today
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01:28
is tell you a little bit more about how it really works on the inside.
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ื–ื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื.
01:32
So Wikipedia's owned by the Wikimedia Foundation,
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ืื– ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืงืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืžื“ื™ื”, ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืงืžืชื™,
01:36
which I founded,
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01:37
a nonprofit organization.
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01:38
And our goal, the core aim of the Wikimedia Foundation,
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ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—. ื•ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ืงืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืžื“ื™ื”,
01:42
is to get a free encyclopedia to every single person on the planet.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
01:46
And so, if you think about what that means,
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ืื– ืื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ,
01:48
it means a lot more than just building a cool website.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืชืจ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘.
01:50
We're really interested in all the issues of the digital divide,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช,
01:53
poverty worldwide,
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01:55
empowering people everywhere to have the information that they need
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ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
01:58
to make good decisions.
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01:59
And so we're going to have to do a lot of work
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
02:02
that goes beyond just the Internet.
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02:04
And so that's a big part of why we've chosen the free licensing model,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื—ืจื ื• ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืชื•ื—,
02:07
because that empowers local entrepreneurs or anyone who wants to --
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขืฆื™ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื --
02:10
they can take our content and do anything they like with it --
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ืื• ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ืื™ืชื• -- ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืื•ืชื•, ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ
02:13
you can copy it, redistribute it --
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02:15
and you can do it commercially or non-commercially.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ืื• ืœื ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช.
02:17
So there's a lot of opportunities that are going to arise around Wikipedia
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ืื– ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืขืœื• ืžื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”
02:21
all over the world.
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ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
02:23
We're funded by donations from the public,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžื•ืžื ื™ื ืžืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
02:25
and one of the more interesting things about that
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ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ื”
02:28
is how little money it actually takes to run Wikipedia.
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื” ืžืขื˜ ื›ืกืฃ ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”.
02:31
So Yochai showed you the graph of what the cost of a printing press was.
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ืื– ื™ื•ื—ืื™ ื”ืจืื” ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื’ืจืฃ ืฉืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื›ื‘ืฉื™ ื“ืคื•ืก.
02:36
And I'm going to tell you what the cost of Wikipedia is.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ืžื” ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”,
02:39
But first, I'll show you how big it is.
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02:41
So we've got over 600,000 articles in English.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืืฉื™ืช ืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-600,000 ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
02:46
We've got two million total articles across many, many different languages.
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืคื•ืช.
02:50
The biggest languages are German, Japanese, French --
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ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืŸ ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช, ื™ืคื ื™ืช ื•ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช.
02:53
all the Western-European languages are quite big.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ืืจื•ืคืื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช.
02:57
But only around one-third of all of our traffic to our web
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืืชืจ
03:00
clusters to the English Wikipedia,
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ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช,
03:02
which is surprising to a lot of people.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืคืชื™ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื.
03:04
A lot of people think in a very English-centric way on the Internet,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ื˜ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช,
03:07
but for us, we're truly global.
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03:09
We're in many, many languages.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืจื—ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืคื•ืช.
03:11
How popular we've gotten to be -- we're a top-50 website
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ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื ื”ื™ื ื• -- ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘-50 ื”ืืชืจื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื
03:15
and we're more popular than the New York Times.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก.
03:17
So this is where we get to Yochai's discussion.
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ืื– ื›ืืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื—ืื™.
03:21
This shows the growth of Wikipedia -- we're the blue line there --
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ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ืืช ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” -- ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืงื• ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื›ืืŸ ---
03:25
and this is the New York Times over there.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก ืฉื.
03:28
And what's interesting about this
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03:29
is the New York Times website is a huge, enormous corporate operation
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”, ื”ื•ื ืฉืืชืจ ื”ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก ื”ื•ื ืขื ืง,
ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขื™ืกืงื™ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืขื -- ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ื›ืžื”, ืžืื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
03:34
with I have no idea how many hundreds of employees.
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03:36
We have exactly one employee,
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ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื—ื“,
03:38
and that employee is our lead software developer.
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ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืคืชื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื™.
03:41
And he's only been our employee since January 2005,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืื– ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2005,
03:44
all the other growth before that ...
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ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื–ื”.
03:46
So the servers are managed by a ragtag band of volunteers.
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ืื– ื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืกืคืกื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื,
03:49
All the editing is done by volunteers.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื,
03:51
And the way that we're organized
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ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื
03:53
is not like any traditional organization you can imagine.
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ืœื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉื•ื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ.
03:56
People are always asking, "Well, who's in charge of this?"
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื, "ืื–, ืžื™ ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”?"
03:58
or "Who does that?"
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ืื• "ืžื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”?" ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื: ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.
04:00
And the answer is: anybody who wants to pitch in.
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04:02
It's a very unusual and chaotic thing.
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ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืจื™ื’ ื•ื›ืื•ื˜ื™.
04:06
We've got over 90 servers now in three locations.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-90 ืฉืจืชื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืืชืจื™ื.
04:08
These are managed by volunteer system administrators who are online.
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ื”ื ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช.
04:14
I can go online any time of the day or night
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืฉืช ื‘ืจืฉืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื•ื ืื• ืœื™ืœื”
04:16
and see eight to 10 people waiting for me
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขื“ ืขืฉืจื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœื™
04:20
to ask a question or something, anything about the servers.
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ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื” ืื• ืžืฉื”ื•, ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉืจืชื™ื.
04:24
You could never afford to do this in a company.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”.
04:26
You could never afford
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04:27
to have a standby crew of people 24 hours a day
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื ื ื•ืช
04:31
and do what we're doing at Wikipedia.
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24 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”.
04:34
So we're doing around 1.4 billion page views monthly,
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื 1.4 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฆืคื™ื•ืช ื“ืคื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ,
04:37
so it's really gotten to be a huge thing.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื ืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืง.
04:40
And everything is managed by the volunteers.
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ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืžื ื•ื”ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื.
04:42
And the total monthly cost for our bandwidth is about 5,000 dollars.
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ื•ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืคืก ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš 5,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
04:47
And that's essentially our main cost.
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04:48
We could actually do without the employee.
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ื•ื–ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“. ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื --
04:51
We hired Brian because he was working part-time for two years
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ืฉื›ืจื ื• ืืช ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื
04:55
and full-time at Wikipedia,
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ื•ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”,
04:57
so we actually hired him,
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04:58
so he could get a life and go to the movies sometimes.
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ืื– ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉื›ืจื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืœื›ืช ืœืกืจื˜ื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื.
05:01
So the big question when you've got this really chaotic organization is,
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื›ืื•ื˜ื™ ื›ื–ื” ื”ื™ื,
05:05
why isn't it all rubbish?
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05:06
Why is the website as good as it is?
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ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ื–ื‘ืœ? ืœืžื” ื”ืืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื?
05:08
First of all, how good is it?
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05:10
Well, it's pretty good.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื›ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘. ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื•ืฉืœื,
05:11
It isn't perfect,
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05:13
but it's much better than you would expect,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช,
05:15
given our completely chaotic model.
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05:16
So when you saw him make a ridiculous edit to the page about me,
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื›ืื•ื˜ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
ืื– ื›ืฉืจืื™ืชื ืื•ืชื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืžื’ื•ื›ื—ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื“ืฃ ืขืœื™,
05:19
you think, "Oh, this is obviously just going to degenerate into rubbish."
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ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืื•, ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื“ืจื“ืจ ืœื–ื‘ืœ.
05:23
But when we've seen quality tests --
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05:25
and there haven't been enough of these yet
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช -- ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืืœื”
05:27
and I'm really encouraging people to do more,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื•ื“,
05:30
comparing Wikipedia to traditional things --
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ืฉื”ืฉื•ื• ืืช ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื -- ื ื™ืฆื—ื ื• ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ.
05:32
we win hands down.
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05:34
So a German magazine compared German Wikipedia,
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ืื– ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืžื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช,
05:36
which is much, much smaller than English,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื˜ื ื” ืžื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช,
05:40
to Microsoft Encarta and to Brockhaus multimedial,
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ืœืื ื›ืจื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ื•ืœื‘ืจื•ืงื”ืื•ืก ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ื”,
05:44
and we won across the board.
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05:45
They hired experts to come and look at articles and compare the quality,
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ื•ื ื™ืฆื—ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
ื”ื ื”ืขืกื™ืงื• ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœืงืจื•ื ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช,
05:49
and we were very pleased with that result.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช.
05:52
So a lot of people have heard about the Wikipedia Bush-Kerry controversy.
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ืื– ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื•ืฉ-ืงืจื™.
05:57
The media has covered this somewhat extensively.
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ื–ื” -- ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืกื™ืงืจื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืจื—ื‘.
06:00
It started out with an article in Red Herring.
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ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื‘ืจื“ ื”ืจื™ื ื’.
06:03
The reporters called me up and they --
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ื”ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ืชืงืฉืจื• ืืœื™ ื•ื”ื -- ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ
06:05
I mean, I have to say they spelled my name right,
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ื”ื ืื™ื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ืฉื ืฉืœื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื“,
06:08
but they really wanted to say the Bush-Kerry election is so contentious,
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืฉ ืœืงืจื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืจืช ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—,
06:13
it's tearing apart the Wikipedia community.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืงื•ืจืขืช ืืช ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”. ืื– ื”ื ืฆื™ื˜ื˜ื• ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืืžืจืชื™,
06:15
And so they quote me as saying,
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06:17
"They're the most contentious in the history of Wikipedia."
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"ื–ื” ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืคื•ืœื’ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”."
06:20
What I actually said is they're not contentious at all.
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ืžื” ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ืืžืจืชื™ ื”ื™ื”, ื”ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
06:22
So it's a slight misquote.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื•ื˜ืขื” ืงืœื•ืช. ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
06:24
(Laughter)
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06:26
The articles were edited quite heavily.
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06:28
And it is true that we did have to lock the articles
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ืขื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžืงืจื™ื.
06:31
on a couple of occasions.
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06:32
Time magazine recently reported that
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ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”
06:34
"Extreme action sometimes has to be taken,
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ืฉ"ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืขืฉื•ืช ืœืคืขืžื™ื,
06:36
and Wales locked the entries on Kerry and Bush for most of 2004."
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ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœืก ื ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืงืจื™ ื•ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืจื‘ื™ืช 2004."
06:41
This came after I told the reporter that we had to lock it for --
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ื–ื” ื‘ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืœื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ืขื•ืœ ืื•ืชื --
06:46
occasionally a little bit here and there.
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืฆืช ืคื” ื•ืฉื.
06:48
So the truth in general is that the kinds of controversies
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ืื– ื”ืืžืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
06:51
that you would probably think we have within the Wikipedia community
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ืฉืืชื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”
06:54
are not really controversies at all.
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
06:57
Articles on controversial topics are edited a lot,
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ืžืืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื”,
07:00
but they don't cause much controversy within the community.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
07:03
And the reason for this is that most people understand the need for neutrality.
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช.
07:07
The real struggle is not between the right and the left --
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ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ --
07:14
that's where most people assume --
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07:15
but it's between the party of the thoughtful
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ืฉื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื --
ืืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ื—ืœืื•ืช.
07:18
and the party of the jerks.
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07:19
And no side of the political spectrum
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ื•ืœืืฃ ืฆื“ ื‘ืžื ืขื“ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื ื•ืคื•ืœ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืื—ืช ืžืฉืชื™ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
07:21
has a monopoly on either of those qualities.
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07:23
The actual truth about the specific Bush-Kerry incident
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ื”ืืžืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืจื™ืช ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืฉ-ืงืจื™
07:26
is that the Bush-Kerry articles
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืฉ-ืงืจื™
07:29
were locked less than one percent of the time in 2004,
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ื ื ืขืœื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘-2004,
07:32
and it wasn't because they were contentious;
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—;
07:34
it was just because there was routine vandalism --
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉื—ืชื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” --
07:36
which happens sometimes even on stage ...
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ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”, ืื ืฉื™ื --
07:40
(Laughter)
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07:41
Sometimes even reporters have reported to me that they vandalized Wikipedia
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืœื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื• ืืช ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”
07:45
and were amazed that it was fixed so quickly.
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ื•ื ื“ื”ืžื• ืฉื–ื” ืชื•ืงืŸ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
07:47
And I said -- you know, I always say, please don't do that.
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™ -- ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืืœ ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื”, ื–ื” ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
07:50
That's not a good thing.
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07:51
So how do we do this?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
07:53
How do we manage the quality control?
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ืžื” -- ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืจืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช?
07:56
How does it work?
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ืžื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ -- ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“?
07:59
So there's a few elements,
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื,
08:00
mostly social policies and some elements of the software.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื›ืžื” ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื”.
08:04
So the biggest and the most important thing
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ืื– ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ื ื™ื˜ืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
08:06
is our neutral point of view policy.
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08:08
This is something that I set down, from the very beginning,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงื‘ืขืชื™ ืžื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
08:11
as a core principle of the community that's completely not debatable.
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ื›ืงื• ืžื ื—ื” ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื ืคืชื•ื— ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ.
08:15
It's a social concept of cooperation,
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ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”,
08:18
so we don't talk a lot about truth and objectivity.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืืžืช ื•ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
08:21
The reason for this is if we say
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืจืง ืืช ื”ืืžืช ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื,
08:24
we're only going to write the "truth" about some topic,
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08:26
that doesn't do us a damn bit of good of figuring out what to write,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘,
08:29
because I don't agree with you about what's the truth.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืžื” ื”ืืžืช.
08:32
But we have this jargon term of neutrality,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช,
08:34
which has its own long history within the community,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
08:37
which basically says, any time there's a controversial issue,
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ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ, ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื™ืฉ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช,
08:40
Wikipedia itself should not take a stand on the issue.
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ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” ืขืฆืžื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
08:43
We should merely report on what reputable parties have said about it.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืžื” ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
08:46
So this neutrality policy is really important for us
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ืื– ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื•,
08:49
because it empowers a community that is very diverse
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช
08:52
to come together and actually get some work done.
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ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืžืžืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
08:55
So we have very diverse contributors
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”, ื“ืช,
08:57
in terms of political, religious, cultural backgrounds.
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ืจืงืขื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื.
09:00
By having this firm neutrality policy,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืงืฉื”,
09:02
which is non-negotiable from the beginning,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
09:04
we ensure that people can work together
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื•ื“ืื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ื“
09:06
and that the entries don't become simply a war
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ื•ืฉื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžืœื—ืžื”
09:08
back and forth between the left and the right.
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ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ.
09:10
If you engage in that type of behavior, you'll be asked to leave the community.
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ืื ืชื›ื ืกื• ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•,
ืชืชื‘ืงืฉื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
09:16
So, real-time peer review.
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09:17
Every single change on the site goes to the "Recent changes" page.
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ืื– ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชื›ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช.
ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื“ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
09:20
So as soon as he made his change, it went to the "Recent changes" page.
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ ืœื“ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
09:24
That recent changes page was also fed into an IRC channel,
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ื“ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื–ืŸ ื’ื ืœืขืจื•ืฅ ื”-IRC,
09:28
which is an Internet chat channel
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืจื•ืฅ ืฆ'ืื˜ ืคื ื™ืžื™
09:30
that people are monitoring with various software tools.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื ื˜ืจื™ื ืขื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื”.
09:33
And people can get RSS feeds --
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืจื•ืฆื™ RSS --
09:36
they can get email notifications of changes.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื“ื•ื"ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื.
09:39
And then users can set up their own personal watch list.
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ื•ืื– ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช.
09:42
So my page is on quite a few volunteers' watch lists,
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ืื– ื”ื“ืฃ ืฉืœื™ ื ืžืฆื ืขืœ ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื,
09:44
because it is sometimes vandalized.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉื—ืช.
09:46
And therefore, what happens is someone will notice the change very quickly,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
09:52
and then they'll just simply revert the change.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื‘ื˜ืœื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
09:55
There's a "new pages feed," for example,
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09:57
so you can go to a certain page of Wikipedia
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ื™ืฉ ืขืจื•ืฅ ื“ืคื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
09:59
and see every new page as it's created.
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ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ืœื“ืคื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”
10:01
This is really important
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ื•ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฆืจ.
10:02
because a lot of new pages are just garbage that has to be deleted,
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืคื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื™ื
ื”ื ื–ื‘ืœ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื—ื•ืง, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ASDFASDF.
10:06
you know, "ASDFASDF."
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10:07
But also, that's some of the most interesting and fun things,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”,
10:10
some of the new articles.
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10:11
People will start an article on some interesting topic,
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืžืืžืจ ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
10:14
other people will find that intriguing
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
10:16
and jump in and help and make it much better.
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ื•ื™ืงืคืฆื• ืคื ื™ืžื” ื•ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
10:18
So we do have edits by anonymous users,
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื,
10:20
which is one of the most controversial and intriguing things about Wikipedia.
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ืฉื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”.
10:24
So, Chris was able to do his change -- he didn't have to log in or anything;
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ืื– ื›ืจื™ืก ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” -- ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจืฉื ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”,
10:27
he just went on the website and made a change.
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ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืืชืจ ื•ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
10:30
But it turns out that only about 18 percent
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10:32
of all the edits to the website
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืจืง 18 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืืชืจ
10:34
are done by anonymous users.
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10:35
And that's a really important thing to understand:
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ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื.
ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ,
10:38
the vast majority of the edits that go on on the website
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ
10:41
are from a very close-knit community of maybe 600 to 1,000 people
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ื ืขืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืœื™ 600 ืขื“ 1000 ืื ืฉื™ื
10:45
who are in constant communication.
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10:46
And we have over 40 IRC channels, 40 mailing lists.
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ืฉื”ื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-40 ืขืจื•ืฆื™-IRC, ื• 40 ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื“ื•ื"ืœ.
10:49
All these people know each other.
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10:50
They communicate. We have off-line meetings.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™, ื”ื ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช.
10:53
These are the people who are doing the bulk of the site,
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ืืœื” ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
10:55
and they are, in a sense, semi-professionals at what they're doing.
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ื•ื”ื, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื—ืฆื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื,
11:00
The standards we set for ourselves
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ื–ื”ื™ื ืื• ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:03
are equal to or higher than professional standards of quality.
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ืžื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช.
11:06
We don't always meet those standards, but that's what we're striving for.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
11:09
And so that tight community is who really cares for the site,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื.
ืื– ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืฆืคื•ืคื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื ื–ื• ืืฉืจ ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ืืชืจ,
11:12
and these are some of the smartest people I've ever met.
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ื•ืืœื” ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืžืขื•ื“ื™.
11:15
It's my job to say that, but it's actually true.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื–ื• ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืืช ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืืžื™ืชื™.
11:17
The type of people who were drawn to writing an encyclopedia for fun
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ืกื•ื’ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื›ื™ืฃ
11:21
tend to be pretty smart people.
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ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
11:23
The tools and the software: there's lots of tools that allow us --
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ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื”: ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื• --
11:27
allow us, meaning the community --
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ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื•, ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” -- ืœื ื˜ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื•ืœื ื˜ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
11:28
to self-monitor and to monitor all the work.
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11:30
This is an example of a page history on "flat Earth,"
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ื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืฃ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืฉื˜ื•ื—,
11:33
and you can see some changes that were made.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื•.
11:35
What's nice about this page is you can immediately take a look at this
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ืžื” ืฉื ื—ืžื“ ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื–ื” ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื“
11:38
and see, "OK, I understand now."
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช, ืื• ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
11:40
When somebody goes and looks at --
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ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ -- ื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื•,
11:42
they see that someone, an anonymous IP number,
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11:44
made an edit to my page.
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IP ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™, ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืฃ ืฉืœื™ --
11:45
That sounds suspicious. Who is this person?
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ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื—ืฉื•ื“ -- ืžื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื”? ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืืช ื–ื”,
11:47
Somebody looks at it --
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11:49
they can immediately see highlighted in red
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื™ื“ ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ื‘ืื“ื•ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื•,
11:51
all of the changes that took place --
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11:53
to see, OK, well, these words have changed, things like this.
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ืœืจืื•ืช, ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ืฉืชื ื•, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
11:56
So that's one tool that we can use
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ืื– ื–ื” ื›ืœื™ ืื—ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื˜ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืฃ.
11:58
to very quickly monitor the history of a page.
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12:01
Another thing that we do within the community
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”
12:03
is we leave everything very open-ended.
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ื–ื” ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ืคืชื•ื—.
12:07
Most of the social rules and the methods of work
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
12:10
are left completely open-ended in the software.
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ื ืฉืืจื•ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื”.
12:13
All of that stuff is just on Wiki pages.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™.
12:15
And so there's nothing in the software that enforces the rules.
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ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืื•ื›ืฃ ื—ื•ืงื™ื.
12:18
The example I've got up here is the Votes for Deletion page.
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ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉื ื”ื™ื ื“ืฃ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืœืžื—ื™ืงื”.
12:22
So, I mentioned earlier, people type "ASDFASDF" --
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ืื–, ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ASDFASDF --
12:24
it needs to be deleted.
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12:26
Cases like that, the administrators just delete it.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืืช ื–ื”. ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”, ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ื—ืงื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
12:28
There's no reason to have a big argument about it.
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ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
12:30
But you can imagine there's a lot of other areas where the question is,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื,
12:34
is this notable enough to go in an encyclopedia?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื”?
12:36
Is the information verifiable? Is it a hoax? Is it true? Is it what?
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ื”ืื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื™ืŸ? ื”ืื ื–ื• ืžืชื™ื—ื”? ื”ืื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ืžื” ื–ื”?
12:40
So we needed a social method for figuring out the answer to this.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื–ื”.
12:43
And so the method that arose organically within the community
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ืื– ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืขืœืชื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”
12:46
is the Votes For Deletion page.
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12:47
And in the particular example we have here,
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ื”ื•ื ื“ืฃ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืœืžื—ื™ืงื”.
12:49
it's a film, "Twisted Issues,"
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ื•ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ, ื–ื” ืกืจื˜,
12:51
and the first person says,
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"ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขื•ื•ืชื™ื", ื•ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ,
12:52
"Now this is supposedly a film. It fails the Google test miserably."
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"ื–ื” ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืกืจื˜. ื”ื•ื ื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™."
12:56
The Google test is you look in Google and see if it's there,
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ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื”ื•ื, ืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ืื ื–ื” ืฉื,
12:59
because if something's not even in Google, it probably doesn't exist at all.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ืžืฉื”ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ, ื”ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ืงื™ื™ื.
13:03
It's not a perfect rule,
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13:04
but it's a nice starting point for quick research.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื•ืง ืžื•ืฉืœื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืžื”ื™ืจ.
13:08
So somebody says, "Delete it, please. Delete it -- it's not notable."
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ืื– ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื•ืžืจ, "ืชืžื—ืงื• ืืช ื–ื”, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ืชืžื—ืงื• ืืช ื–ื” -- ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืื–ื›ื•ืจ."
13:11
And then somebody says, "Wait, I found it. I found it in a book,
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ื•ืื– ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื•ืžืจ, "ื—ื›ื•, ื—ื›ื•, ื—ื›ื•, ื—ื›ื•, ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
13:14
'Film Threat Video Guide: the 20 Underground Films You Must See.'"
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ, "ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืœืกืจื˜ื™ื ืžืื™ื™ืžื™ื:
20 ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื—ืชืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช."
13:17
So the next persons says, "Clean it up."
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ืื•ื”, ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื– ื”ืื“ื ื”ื‘ื ืื•ืžืจ, "ืชื ืงื• ืืช ื–ื”."
13:19
Somebody says, "I've found it on IMDB. Keep, keep, keep."
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื•ืžืจ, "ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘-IMDB. ืœืฉืžื•ืจ, ืœืฉืžื•ืจ, ืœืฉืžื•ืจ."
13:23
And what's interesting about this is that the software is --
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื–ื” ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ื™ื --
13:26
these votes are just text typed into a page.
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ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ืจืง -- ื”ืŸ ืจืง ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉื”ื•ืงืœื“ ืœื“ืฃ.
13:29
This is not really a vote so much as it is a dialogue.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ื•ืŸ.
13:33
Now it is true that at the end of the day,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื
13:36
an administrator can go through here and take a look at this and say,
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ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืืœื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“,
13:39
"OK, 18 deletes, two keeps: we'll delete it."
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, 18 ืœืžื—ื•ืง, ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ, ื ืžื—ืง ืืช ื–ื”.
13:42
But in other cases, this could be 18 deletes and two keeps,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 18 ืœืžื—ื•ืง ื•ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ, ื•ื ืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื”,
13:46
and we would keep it, because if those last two keeps say,
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13:48
"Wait a minute. Nobody else saw this but I found it in a book,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ืฉื ื™ ื”ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ื—ื›ื• ืจื’ืข, ื—ื›ื• ืจื’ืข.
ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจืื” ืืช ื–ื” ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ,
13:51
and I found a link to a page that describes it,
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ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืœื™ื ืง ืœื“ืฃ ืฉืžืชืืจ ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืื ืงื” ืืช ื–ื” ืžื—ืจ,
13:53
and I'm going to clean it up tomorrow, so please don't delete it,"
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ืื– ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืืœ ืชืžื—ืงื• ืืช ื–ื”, " ืื– ื–ื” ื™ืฉืจื•ื“.
13:57
then it would survive.
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13:58
And it also matters who the people are who are voting.
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื.
14:00
Like I say, it's a tight-knit community.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ื–ื• ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฆืคื•ืคื”.
14:02
Down here at the bottom, "Keep, real movie," RickK.
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ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช, "ืœืฉืžื•ืจ, ืกืจื˜ ืืžื™ืชื™," ืจื™ืง ืงื™ื™.
14:05
RickK is a very famous Wikipedian who does an enormous amount of work
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ืจื™ืง ืงื™ื™ ื”ื•ื ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ืื™ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืžืื•ื“
14:08
with vandalism, hoaxes and votes for deletion.
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืžื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื, ืžืชื™ื—ื•ืช
14:11
His voice carries a lot of weight within the community
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ื•ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืœืžื—ื™ืงื”.
ืงื•ืœื• ื ื•ืฉื ืžืฉืงืœ ืจื‘ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”
14:14
because he knows what he's doing.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”.
14:17
So how is all this governed?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžื ื•ื”ืœ?
14:19
People really want to know about administrators, things like that.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ, ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืžื ื”ืœื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
14:22
So the Wikipedia governance model, the governance of the community,
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ืื– ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”, ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
14:26
is a very confusing, but workable mix of consensus --
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ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืคืขื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช --
14:30
meaning we try not to vote on the content of articles,
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžืืžืจื™ื.
14:33
because the majority view is not necessarily neutral --
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื“ืขืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ืช.
14:37
some amount of democracy --
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14:38
all of the administrators --
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ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”, ื›ืœ ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื --
14:40
these are the people who have the ability to delete pages.
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ืืœื” ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื—ื•ืง ื“ืคื™ื,
14:42
That doesn't mean that they have the right to delete pages.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื—ื•ืง ื“ืคื™ื,
14:45
They still have to follow all the rules -- but they're elected by the community.
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ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืœื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื -- ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื,
ื”ื ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื --
14:49
Sometimes people -- random trolls on the Internet --
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ื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื ืจื ื“ื•ืžืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช -- ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื
14:51
like to accuse me of handpicking the administrators
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14:54
to bias the content of the encyclopedia.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”.
14:56
I always laugh at this, because I have no idea how they're elected, actually.
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ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืฆื•ื—ืง ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืื™ืš ื”ื ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื.
15:00
There's a certain amount of aristocracy.
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ื™ืฉ ืืœืžื ื˜ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”.
15:02
You got a hint of that when I mentioned, like,
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ืื– ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื ืจืžื– ืœื–ื” ื›ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™, ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•,
15:04
RickK's voice would carry a lot more weight
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ืงื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืจื™ืง ืงื™ื™ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืงืœ ืžืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื.
15:06
than someone we don't know.
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15:07
I give this talk sometimes with Angela,
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ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขื ืื ื’'ืœื”, ืฉืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ
15:10
who was just re-elected to the board from the community --
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ืœื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” -- ืœื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืงืจืŸ,
15:13
to the Board of the Foundation,
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15:14
with more than twice the votes of the person who didn't make it.
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ืขื ื›ืžื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืžื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžื”ืื“ื ืฉืœื ื ื‘ื—ืจ.
15:17
And I always embarrass her because I say,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื‘ื™ืš ืื•ืชื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื’'ืœื”, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
15:20
"Well, Angela, for example,
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15:22
could get away with doing absolutely anything within Wikipedia,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื—ืžืง ืขื ืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”,
15:25
because she's so admired and so powerful."
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืขืจื›ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืงื”.
15:27
But the irony is, of course, that Angela can do this because she's the one person
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉืื ื’'ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“
15:31
who you know would never, ever break any rules of Wikipedia.
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ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืœืขื•ืœื, ืืฃ ืคืขื, ืœื ืชืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืฃ ื—ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”.
15:34
And I also like to say she's the only person
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ื•ืื ื™ ื’ื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“
15:36
who actually knows all the rules of Wikipedia, so ...
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ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”, ืื–...
15:39
And then there's monarchy,
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15:41
and that's my role on the community, so ...
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื•ื–ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ืื–...
15:43
(Laughter)
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15:45
I was describing this in Berlin once,
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ื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ ืคืขื ื•ืœืžื—ืจืช ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ
15:48
and the next day in the newspaper the headline said,
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15:51
"I am the Queen of England."
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ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืืžืจื”, "ืื ื™ ืžืœื›ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ื”."
15:52
(Laughter)
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15:53
And that's not exactly what I said, but --
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ืื‘ืœ --
15:56
(Laughter)
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15:57
the point is my role in the community --
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ื”ืคื•ืื ื˜ื” ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” --
16:00
Within the free software world, there's been a long-standing tradition
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื™ืฉ --
ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืกื•ืจืช ืืจื•ื›ืช ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘.
16:05
of the "benevolent dictator" model.
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16:08
So if you look at most of the major free software projects,
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ืื– ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
16:11
they have one single person in charge
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16:12
who everyone agrees is the benevolent dictator.
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ื™ืฉ ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืฉืื—ืจืื™
ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘.
16:16
Well, I don't like the term "benevolent dictator,"
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘,
16:18
and I don't think that it's my job or my role in the world of ideas
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื• ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืื• ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช
16:22
to be the dictator of the future of all human knowledge
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืฉื ืืกืฃ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
16:26
compiled by the world.
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16:27
It just isn't appropriate.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื ืื•ืช.
16:29
But there is a need still for a certain amount of monarchy,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช,
16:31
a certain amount of --
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16:33
sometimes we have to make a decision
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ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ -- ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”,
16:35
and we don't want to get bogged down too heavily
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™
16:37
in formal decision-making processes.
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ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื.
16:40
So as an example of how this can be important:
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ืื– ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืœืžื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” --
16:45
we recently had a situation where a neo-Nazi website discovered Wikipedia,
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ืื• ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืืชืจ ื ื™ืื•-ื ืืฆื™ ื’ื™ืœื” ืืช ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”,
16:49
and they said, "Oh, well, this is horrible,
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ื•ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื ื•ืจืื™, ืืชืจ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื–ื”
16:52
this Jewish conspiracy of a website,
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16:54
and we're going to get certain articles deleted that we don't like.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ืžื—ืงื•.
16:57
And we see they have a voting process, so we're going to send --
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฆื‘ืขื”, ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— --
17:00
we have 40,000 members and we're going to send them over
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• 40,000 ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื
17:03
and they're all going to vote and get these pages deleted."
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ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื“ืคื™ื ื”ืืœื”."
17:05
Well, they managed to get 18 people to show up.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœ-18 ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข.
17:08
That's neo-Nazi math for you.
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ื–ื• ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื ื™ืื•-ื ืืฆื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื.
17:10
They always think they've got 40,000 members when they've got 18.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื 40,000 ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื 18.
17:14
But they managed to get 18 people to come and vote in a fairly absurd way
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืืจื’ืŸ 18 ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“ื™ืช
17:17
to delete a perfectly valid article.
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17:19
Of course, the vote ended up being about 85 to 18,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืžืืžืจ ื•ืœื™ื“ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœ-85 ืžื•ืœ 18,
17:22
so there was no real danger to our democratic processes.
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ืื– ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืกื›ื ื” ืžืžืฉื™ืช ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™.
17:26
On the other hand, people said, "But what are we going to do?
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ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืื ืฉื™ื ืืžืจื•, "ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื ืขืฉื”?
17:29
I mean, this could happen.
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17:30
What if some group gets really seriously organized
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ื•ืžื” ืื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืชืืจื’ืŸ ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช
17:32
and comes in and wants to vote?"
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ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข?"
17:35
Then I said, "Well, fuck it, we'll just change the rules."
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ืื– ืืžืจืชื™, "ืื– ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ ืขื ื–ื”, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื."
17:38
That's my job in the community:
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ื–ื” ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”: ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื ืจืฉื” ืœืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
17:40
to say we won't allow our openness and freedom
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17:43
to undermine the quality of the content.
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ื•ืœื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœื—ืชื•ืจ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
17:46
And so, as long as people trust me in my role,
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ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ ื•ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื™,
17:49
then that's a valid place for me.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœื™.
17:51
Of course, because of the free licensing,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™, ืื ืืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื’ืจื•ืขื”,
17:53
if I do a bad job, the volunteers are more than happy to take and leave --
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ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ืฉืžื—ื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ --
17:57
I can't tell anyone what to do.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
17:59
So the final point here is that to understand how Wikipedia works,
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ืื– ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช,
18:03
it's important to understand that our wiki model is the way we work,
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
18:06
but we are not fanatical web anarchists.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืื ืจื›ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืจืฉืชื™ื™ื ืคื ืื˜ื™ื™ื. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื” --
18:10
In fact, we're very flexible about the social methodology,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืœื ื•,
18:13
because ultimately, the passion of the community
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
18:16
is for the quality of the work,
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18:18
not necessarily for the process that we use to generate it.
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ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื”.
18:21
Thank you.
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18:22
(Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
18:26
Ben Saunders: Yeah, hi, Ben Saunders.
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18:28
Jimmy, you mentioned impartiality being a key to Wikipedia's success.
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ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ื ื“ืจืก: ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™, ื‘ืŸ ืกื•ื ื“ืจืก.
ื’'ื™ืžื™, ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ื”ืขื“ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื ื›ืžืคืชื— ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”.
18:32
It strikes me that much of the textbooks that are used to educate our children
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ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“
18:38
are inherently biased.
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื ืš ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ื”ื ืžื™ื™ืกื•ื“ื ืžื•ื˜ื™ื.
18:40
Have you found Wikipedia being used by teachers
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ื”ืื ืžืฆืืชื ืืช ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื•ืจื™ื,
18:43
and how do you see Wikipedia changing education?
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ื•ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš?
18:46
Jimmy Wales: Yeah, so, a lot of teachers are beginning to use Wikipedia.
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ื’'ื™ืžื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืก: ื›ืŸ, ืื– ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ --
18:50
There's a media storyline about Wikipedia, which I think is false.
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ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ืœืช ืžื“ื™ื” ืขืœ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”, ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ื™ื™ื”.
18:55
It builds on the storyline of bloggers versus newspapers.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืชื‘ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื.
18:58
And the storyline is, there's this crazy thing, Wikipedia,
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ื•ื”ืขืœื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ื’ืข ื”ื–ื” ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”,
19:01
but academics hate it and teachers hate it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžืื™ื ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
19:05
And that turns out to not be true.
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19:07
The last time I got an email from a journalist saying,
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ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื“ื•ื"ืœ ืžืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืฉืืžืจ,
19:10
"Why do academics hate Wikipedia?"
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"ืœืžื” ื”ืืงื“ืžืื™ื ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืืช ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”?"
19:12
I sent it from my Harvard email address
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ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื"ืœ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื”ืืจื•ื•ืจื“,
19:14
because I was recently appointed a fellow there.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืชืžื ืชื™ ื›ืขืžื™ืช ืฉื.
19:16
And I said, "Well, they don't all hate it."
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™, "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืื•ืชื”."
19:18
(Laughter)
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19:19
But I think there's going to be huge impacts.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช.
19:22
And we actually have a project that I'm personally really excited about,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜
19:25
which is the Wikibooks project,
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ืฉืื ื™ ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืชืœื”ื‘ ืžืžื ื•,
19:27
which is an effort to create textbooks in all the languages.
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ืฉื–ื” ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ ืกืคืจื™ื,
ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืžืฅ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืคื•ืช.
19:30
And that's a much bigger project.
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ื•ื–ื” ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”;
19:32
It's going to take 20 years or so to come to fruition.
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ื™ืงื— ื›-20 ืฉื ื” ืœื”ื ื™ื‘ ืžืžื ื• ืคืจื™.
19:36
But part of that is to fulfill our mission
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื›ืš, ื–ื” ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื ื•
19:38
of giving an encyclopedia to every single person on the planet.
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ืฉืœ ืœืชืช ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
19:41
We don't mean we're going to Spam them with AOL-style CDs.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื ืฉืœื— ืœื”ื ืกืคืื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืกืงื™ื ืฉืœ AOL.
19:44
We mean we're going to give them a tool that they can use.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ื›ืœื™ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ.
19:47
And for a lot of people in the world,
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ื•ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
19:49
if I give you an encyclopedia that's written at a university level,
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ืื ืื ื™ ืœื›ื ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืจืžื” ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื™ืช,
19:52
it doesn't do you any good without a whole host of literacy materials
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื
ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื™
19:56
to build you up to the point where you can actually use it.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืชื›ื ืืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืชื•ื›ืœื• ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”.
19:58
The Wikibooks project is an effort to do that.
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ืื– ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืืžืฅ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
20:00
And I think that we're going to see -- it may not even come from us;
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื ืจืื” ืžืืžืฅ ืขื ืง --
ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืžืื™ืชื ื•,
20:04
there's all kinds of innovation going on.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื›ืขืช.
20:06
But freely licensed textbooks are the next big thing in education.
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ืื‘ืœ ืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืคืชื•ื— ื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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