Dan Dennett: Cute, sexy, sweet, funny

274,911 views ใƒป 2009-03-16

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Shlomo Adam ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Arnon Cahen
00:12
Iโ€™m going around the world giving talks about Darwin,
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ืื ื™ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืจืฆื” ืขืœ ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ,
ื•ื‘ื“"ื›, ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•
00:15
and usually what Iโ€™m talking about
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืคื•ืš-ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ.
00:17
is Darwinโ€™s strange inversion of reasoning.
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00:20
Now that title, that phrase, comes from a critic, an early critic,
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ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื–ื•, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื–ื”, ื”ื ืžืืช ืžื‘ืงืจ,
ืžื‘ืงืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืื—ื“,
00:25
and this is a passage that I just love, and would like to read for you.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืงื˜ืข ืฉืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืื•ื”ื‘, ื•ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื ืœื›ื.
00:29
"In the theory with which we have to deal, Absolute Ignorance is the artificer;
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"ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืขื™ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“, ื”ื›ืœื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช;
00:34
so that we may enunciate as the fundamental principle of the whole system,
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"ื›ืš ืฉืื ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช,
00:39
that, in order to make a perfect and beautiful machine,
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"ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื•ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื”,
00:42
it is not requisite to know how to make it.
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"ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื”.
00:45
This proposition will be found on careful examination to express,
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"ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืงืช ื™ื™ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ื” ื–ื• ืžื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชืžืฆื™ืชื™
00:49
in condensed form, the essential purport of the Theory,
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"ืืช ืžื˜ืจืชื” ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื”,
00:53
and to express in a few words all Mr. Darwinโ€™s meaning;
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"ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืจ ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ,
00:57
who, by a strange inversion of reasoning,
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"ืฉื‘ื”ื™ืคื•ืš ืžืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ,
01:01
seems to think Absolute Ignorance fully qualified
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"ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
01:04
to take the place of Absolute Wisdom in the achievements of creative skill."
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"ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช."
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:10
Exactly. Exactly. And it is a strange inversion.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืš.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง) ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืš.
ื•ื–ื”ื• ืื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืคื•ืš ืžืฉื•ื ื”.
01:17
A creationist pamphlet has this wonderful page in it:
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ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ึผืจื™ืึทืชึธื ื™ืช ืื—ืช ื ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื ืคืœื ื”ื–ื”:
01:21
"Test Two:
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"ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืก' 2:
01:23
Do you know of any building that didnโ€™t have a builder? Yes/No.
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"ื”ืื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืš ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื‘ื•ื ื”? ื›ืŸ/ืœื."
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:27
Do you know of any painting that didnโ€™t have a painter? Yes/No.
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"ื”ืื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืš ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืฆื™ื™ืจ? ื›ืŸ/ืœื.
01:30
Do you know of any car that didnโ€™t have a maker? Yes/No.
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"ื”ืื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืš ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื™ืฆืจืŸ? ื›ืŸ/ืœื.
"ืื ืขื ื™ืช 'ื›ืŸ' ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื• ืฉืืœื” ืœืขื™ืœ, ืคืจื˜ ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘." ื-ื”ื!
01:34
If you answered 'Yes' for any of the above, give details."
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01:39
A-ha! I mean, it really is a strange inversion of reasoning.
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ื–ื”ื• ืื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืคื•ืš ืžืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ.
01:45
You would have thought it stands to reason
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืชื‘ื•ื ื™.
01:49
that design requires an intelligent designer.
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01:53
But Darwin shows that itโ€™s just false.
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื™ืงืจื™.
01:55
Today, though, Iโ€™m going to talk about Darwinโ€™s other strange inversion,
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ืืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืคื•ืš ืžืฉื•ื ื” ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ,
02:00
which is equally puzzling at first, but in some ways just as important.
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ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืชืžื™ื” ื‘ื”-ื‘ืžื™ื“ื”,
ืืš ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื-ืคื—ื•ืช.
ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืŸ ืžืชื•ืงื•ืช.
02:06
It stands to reason that we love chocolate cake because it is sweet.
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02:13
Guys go for girls like this because they are sexy.
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ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืขื ื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืกืงืกื™ื•ืช.
02:19
We adore babies because theyโ€™re so cute.
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ืื ื• ืžืชื™ื ืขืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ื›ื” ื—ืžื•ื“ื™ื.
02:23
And, of course, we are amused by jokes because they are funny.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืขืฉืขื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื•, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื•ืช.
[ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื]
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:32
This is all backwards. It is. And Darwin shows us why.
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืคื•ืš. ื‘ืืžืช.
ื•ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืžืจืื” ืœื ื• ืžื“ื•ืข.
02:39
Letโ€™s start with sweet. Our sweet tooth is basically an evolved sugar detector,
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ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืžืชื•ืง. ืžืฉื™ื›ืชื ื• ืœืžืชื•ืง ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื’ืœืื™-ืกื•ื›ืจ ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื ื•,
02:47
because sugar is high energy, and itโ€™s just been wired up to the preferer,
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ื›ื™ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ืขืชื™ืจ-ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื•ื–ื” ืžื—ื•ื•ื˜ ื›ืš ืืฆืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”"ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ",
02:51
to put it very crudely, and thatโ€™s why we like sugar.
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ืื ืœื ืกื— ื–ืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ืกื”,
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ื›ืจ.
02:56
Honey is sweet because we like it, not "we like it because honey is sweet."
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ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ืžืชื•ืง ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
ื•ืœื "ืื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ืžืชื•ืง."
03:03
Thereโ€™s nothing intrinsically sweet about honey.
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื•ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืฉ.
03:08
If you looked at glucose molecules till you were blind,
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ืื ืชื‘ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–ื” ืขื“ ืฉืขื™ื ื™ื›ื ืชื›ื”ื™ื ื”,
ืœื ืชื’ืœื• ืžื“ื•ืข ื˜ืขืžืŸ ืžืชื•ืง.
03:12
you wouldnโ€™t see why they tasted sweet.
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03:15
You have to look in our brains to understand why theyโ€™re sweet.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืชื•ืงื•ืช.
03:21
So if you think first there was sweetness,
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ืื– ืื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉืงื•ื“ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช,
03:23
and then we evolved to like sweetness,
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ื•ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื ื• ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช,
03:25
youโ€™ve got it backwards; thatโ€™s just wrong. Itโ€™s the other way round.
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ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืœื‘ืœืชื ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจ; ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืš.
03:29
Sweetness was born with the wiring which evolved.
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ื”ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื•ื˜, ืฉื”ืชืคืชื—.
03:33
And thereโ€™s nothing intrinsically sexy about these young ladies.
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ื•ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืกืงืกื™ ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช.
03:37
And itโ€™s a good thing that there isnโ€™t, because if there were,
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ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื›ืš,
ื›ื™ ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื›ื–ื”, ืœืืžื-ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื”:
03:42
then Mother Nature would have a problem:
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ืื™ืš ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื“ื•ื•ื’?
03:46
How on earth do you get chimps to mate?
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:53
Now you might think, ah, thereโ€™s a solution: hallucinations.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•: ืื”! ื™ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ. ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื•ืช!
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:01
That would be one way of doing it, but thereโ€™s a quicker way.
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ื–ื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช, ืืš ื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ:
04:05
Just wire the chimps up to love that look,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื—ื•ื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืจืื” ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื ื”ื–ื”,
04:08
and apparently they do.
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื ืื›ืŸ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
04:11
Thatโ€™s all there is to it.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื“.
04:16
Over six million years, we and the chimps evolved our different ways.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืขืœ 6 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”,
ืื ื• ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื ื• ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
04:20
We became bald-bodied, oddly enough;
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ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื• ื ืขืฉื• ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืฉื™ืขืจ, ื›ืžื” ืžื•ื–ืจ;
04:23
for one reason or another, they didnโ€™t.
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ื•ืžืฉื•ื ืžื”, ื’ื•ืคื™ื”ื ืœื.
04:27
If we hadnโ€™t, then probably this would be the height of sexiness.
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ืื™ืœื•ืœื ื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›ืืœื”, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ื ื”ืกืงืกื™ื•ืช.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:39
Our sweet tooth is an evolved and instinctual preference for high-energy food.
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ืžืฉื™ื›ืชื ื• ืœืžืชื•ืง
ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื“ืคื” ื™ืฆืจื™ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ืช ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขืชื™ืจ-ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
04:44
It wasnโ€™t designed for chocolate cake.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืขื•ืฆื‘ื” ืœื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“.
04:47
Chocolate cake is a supernormal stimulus.
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ืขื•ื’ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ืจื•ื™-ืขืœ.
04:50
The term is owed to Niko Tinbergen,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื‘ ืžื•ื ื— ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงื• ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืŸ,
04:52
who did his famous experiments with gulls,
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ืฉืขืจืš ืืช ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืฉืœื• ืขื ืฉื—ืคื™ื,
04:54
where he found that that orange spot on the gullโ€™s beak --
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ืฉื‘ื• ืžืฆื ืฉื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ืชื•ืžื” ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื—ืฃ -
04:58
if he made a bigger, oranger spot
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ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื•ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื”,
05:00
the gull chicks would peck at it even harder.
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ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ ื”ืฉื—ืฃ ื ื™ืงืจื• ืื•ืชื” ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:02
It was a hyperstimulus for them, and they loved it.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื™ืจื•ื™-ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจื, ื•ื”ื ืื”ื‘ื• ื–ืืช.
05:05
What we see with, say, chocolate cake
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื
ืฉื–ื”ื• ื’ื™ืจื•ื™-ืขืœ ืฉืžืฉืชืขืฉืข ืขื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืฉืœื ื•.
05:09
is itโ€™s a supernormal stimulus to tweak our design wiring.
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05:14
And there are lots of supernormal stimuli; chocolate cake is one.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ื™-ืขืœ; ืขื•ื’ืช ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื.
05:17
There's lots of supernormal stimuli for sexiness.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ื™-ืขืœ ืœืกืงืกื™ื•ืช.
05:20
And there's even supernormal stimuli for cuteness. Hereโ€™s a pretty good example.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ื™-ืขืœ ืœื ื—ืžื“ื•ืช. ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
05:26
Itโ€™s important that we love babies, and that we not be put off by, say, messy diapers.
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื ืื”ื‘ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืœื ื ื™ื’ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ.
05:31
So babies have to attract our affection and our nurturing, and they do.
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ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ืื”ื‘ืชื ื• ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื ื•,
ื•ื–ื” ืื›ืŸ ื›ืš.
05:37
And, by the way, a recent study shows that mothers
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ืžื—ืงืจ ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ืžืจืื”
ืฉืืžื”ื•ืช ืžืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ืจื™ื— ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ืœ ื”ืžืœื•ื›ืœืš ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงืŸ.
05:41
prefer the smell of the dirty diapers of their own baby.
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05:44
So nature works on many levels here.
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ืื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื.
05:47
But now, if babies didnโ€™t look the way they do -- if babies looked like this,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืœื• ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืœื ื ืจืื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื ืจืื™ื, ืื™ืœื• ื ืจืื• ื›ืš,
05:52
thatโ€™s what we would find adorable, thatโ€™s what we would find --
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื ื• ืžืงืกื™ื;
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”... ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื: "ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ืื ื™ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื‘ืง ืืช ื–ื”."
05:56
we would think, oh my goodness, do I ever want to hug that.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื”ื™ืคื•ืš ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื”.
06:02
This is the strange inversion.
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06:04
Well now, finally what about funny. My answer is, itโ€™s the same story, the same story.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืžื” ืขื ืžื” ืฉืžืฆื—ื™ืง?
ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื™ื: ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
06:11
This is the hard one, the one that isnโ€™t obvious. Thatโ€™s why I leave it to the end.
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ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืงืฉื” ื•ื”ืœื-ื‘ืจื•ืจ,
ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืกื•ืฃ ื•ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื”.
06:15
And I wonโ€™t be able to say too much about it.
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06:17
But you have to think evolutionarily, you have to think, what hard job that has to be done --
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ืืš ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช:
ืžื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืงืฉื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช --
06:23
itโ€™s dirty work, somebodyโ€™s got to do it --
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"ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ืช ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืชื”"--
ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื”
06:26
is so important to give us such a powerful, inbuilt reward for it when we succeed.
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ื’ืžื•ืœ ืžื•ื›ืœืœ ื•ืจื‘-ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื›ื–ื”, ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื”?
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืื ื™ ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืขืžื™ืชื™.
06:34
Now, I think we've found the answer -- I and a few of my colleagues.
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06:38
Itโ€™s a neural system thatโ€™s wired up to reward the brain
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขื™ืฆื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื•ื˜ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชื’ืžืœ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื—
06:42
for doing a grubby clerical job.
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ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืคืงื™ื“ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื•.
06:48
Our bumper sticker for this view is
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ืžื“ื‘ืงืช-ื”ืคื’ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื–ื•, ืื•ืžืจืช:
06:52
that this is the joy of debugging.
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ืฉื–ืืช "ื—ื“ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ื’".
06:55
Now Iโ€™m not going to have time to spell it all out,
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืคืจื˜ ื”ื›ืœ,
06:57
but Iโ€™ll just say that only some kinds of debugging get the reward.
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ืืš ืจืง ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืจืง ืกื•ื’ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื’ืžื•ืœ ื–ื”.
07:02
And what weโ€™re doing is weโ€™re using humor as a sort of neuroscientific probe
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ื•ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ื›ื‘ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ืขื™ืฆื‘ื™-ืžื“ืขื™
07:10
by switching humor on and off, by turning the knob on a joke --
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ืข"ื™ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ื•ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•, ืข"ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” -
07:14
now itโ€™s not funny ... oh, now itโ€™s funnier ...
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"ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฆื—ื™ืง... ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืžืฆื—ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ...
07:16
now weโ€™ll turn a little bit more ... now itโ€™s not funny --
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"ื ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ื›ืขืช ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ... ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฆื—ื™ืง..."
07:18
in this way, we can actually learn something
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืื ื• ืžืžืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืฉื”ื•
07:21
about the architecture of the brain,
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ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—,
07:23
the functional architecture of the brain.
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ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
07:25
Matthew Hurley is the first author of this. We call it the Hurley Model.
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ืžืชื™ื• ื”ืจืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
ืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ื–ืืช "ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืœื™".
07:30
Heโ€™s a computer scientist, Reginald Adams a psychologist, and there I am,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื“ืขืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืจื’'ื™ื ืœื“ ืื“ืžืก ื”ื•ื ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’, ื•ื”ื ื” ืื ื™,
07:34
and weโ€™re putting this together into a book.
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ื•ืื ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ.
07:36
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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