Dan Dennett: Cute, sexy, sweet, funny

275,101 views ใƒป 2009-03-16

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sun A Cho ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sanghoon Lee
00:12
Iโ€™m going around the world giving talks about Darwin,
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์ €๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์œˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
and usually what Iโ€™m talking about
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š”
00:17
is Darwinโ€™s strange inversion of reasoning.
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๋‹ค์œˆ์˜ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์—ญ์ถ”๋ก (strange inversion of reasoning)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
Now that title, that phrase, comes from a critic, an early critic,
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์ด ์ œ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋น„ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
00:25
and this is a passage that I just love, and would like to read for you.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ฝ์–ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
"In the theory with which we have to deal, Absolute Ignorance is the artificer;
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ค„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ, ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌด์ง€ํ•œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ž‘์ž์ด๋‹ค.
00:34
so that we may enunciate as the fundamental principle of the whole system,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
that, in order to make a perfect and beautiful machine,
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ
00:42
it is not requisite to know how to make it.
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๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•„๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์š”๊ฑด์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
This proposition will be found on careful examination to express,
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์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๋ช…์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:49
in condensed form, the essential purport of the Theory,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์••์ถ•๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ,
00:53
and to express in a few words all Mr. Darwinโ€™s meaning;
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๋‹ค์œˆ์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
00:57
who, by a strange inversion of reasoning,
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๋‚ฏ์„  ์—ญ์ถ”๋ก ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
01:01
seems to think Absolute Ignorance fully qualified
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์ง€ํ•œ ์ž๋Š” ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
01:04
to take the place of Absolute Wisdom in the achievements of creative skill."
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค."
01:10
Exactly. Exactly. And it is a strange inversion.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž๊ณ ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐธ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์—ญ์„ค์ด์ง€์š”.
01:17
A creationist pamphlet has this wonderful page in it:
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์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ก ์ž์˜ ํŒœํ”Œ๋ ›์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
"Test Two:
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"์งˆ๋ฌธ 2:
01:23
Do you know of any building that didnโ€™t have a builder? Yes/No.
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๊ฑด์„ค์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์˜ˆ, ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค
01:27
Do you know of any painting that didnโ€™t have a painter? Yes/No.
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ํ™”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์˜ˆ, ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค
01:30
Do you know of any car that didnโ€™t have a maker? Yes/No.
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์ œ์กฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์˜ˆ, ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค
01:34
If you answered 'Yes' for any of the above, give details."
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๋งŒ์ผ ์œ„์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— "์˜ˆ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช… ํ•˜์‹œ์˜ค."
01:39
A-ha! I mean, it really is a strange inversion of reasoning.
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์•„ํ•˜..! ์ฐธ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์—ญ์ถ”๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
You would have thought it stands to reason
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ์ง€์ ์ธ ์„ค๊ณ„์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
01:49
that design requires an intelligent designer.
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
But Darwin shows that itโ€™s just false.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์œˆ์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:55
Today, though, Iโ€™m going to talk about Darwinโ€™s other strange inversion,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์œˆ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์—ญ์ถ”๋ก ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
which is equally puzzling at first, but in some ways just as important.
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์ฒจ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—” ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‹นํ™ฉ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:06
It stands to reason that we love chocolate cake because it is sweet.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
Guys go for girls like this because they are sexy.
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๋‚จ์ž๋“ค๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์„น์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ซ“์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:19
We adore babies because theyโ€™re so cute.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ท€์—ฝ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:23
And, of course, we are amused by jokes because they are funny.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ, ๋†๋‹ด์ด ์›ƒ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
02:32
This is all backwards. It is. And Darwin shows us why.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์œˆ์ด ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
Letโ€™s start with sweet. Our sweet tooth is basically an evolved sugar detector,
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๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•จ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ฃ . ๋‹จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ง„ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
because sugar is high energy, and itโ€™s just been wired up to the preferer,
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด, ๋‹น๋ถ„์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
02:51
to put it very crudely, and thatโ€™s why we like sugar.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ƒ‰์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น๋ถ„์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
Honey is sweet because we like it, not "we like it because honey is sweet."
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๊ฟ€์ด ๋‹จ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€ "๊ฟ€์ด ๋‹ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ"์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
03:03
Thereโ€™s nothing intrinsically sweet about honey.
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๊ฟ€์—๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
If you looked at glucose molecules till you were blind,
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๋ˆˆ์ด ๋ฉ€ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธ€๋ฃจ์ฝ”์Šค ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ ๋ณด๋”๋ผ๋„
03:12
you wouldnโ€™t see why they tasted sweet.
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์™œ ๋‹จ ๋ง›์ด ๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
You have to look in our brains to understand why theyโ€™re sweet.
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์ด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์™œ ๋‹จ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
So if you think first there was sweetness,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์• ๋‹น์ดˆ ๋‹จ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:23
and then we evolved to like sweetness,
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๋‹จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ™”๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:25
youโ€™ve got it backwards; thatโ€™s just wrong. Itโ€™s the other way round.
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๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ฃ .
03:29
Sweetness was born with the wiring which evolved.
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๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•จ์€ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํƒ„์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
And thereโ€™s nothing intrinsically sexy about these young ladies.
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์ด ์ Š์€ ์•„๊ฐ€์”จ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„น์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
And itโ€™s a good thing that there isnโ€™t, because if there were,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฒŒ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด์ฃ . ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:42
then Mother Nature would have a problem:
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๋Œ€์ž์—ฐ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
How on earth do you get chimps to mate?
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์—๊ฒŒ ์ง์„ ์ง€์–ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:53
Now you might think, ah, thereโ€™s a solution: hallucinations.
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์•„... ํ™˜๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
04:01
That would be one way of doing it, but thereโ€™s a quicker way.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
Just wire the chimps up to love that look,
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๊ทธ์ € ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ง„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:08
and apparently they do.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฌ์š”.
04:11
Thatโ€™s all there is to it.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
Over six million years, we and the chimps evolved our different ways.
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6๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋…„์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ, ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ™”๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
We became bald-bodied, oddly enough;
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ํ„ธ์ด ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ,
04:23
for one reason or another, they didnโ€™t.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€์š”.
04:27
If we hadnโ€™t, then probably this would be the height of sexiness.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„น์‹œํ•จ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ด‰์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
Our sweet tooth is an evolved and instinctual preference for high-energy food.
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๋‹จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
It wasnโ€™t designed for chocolate cake.
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์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
04:47
Chocolate cake is a supernormal stimulus.
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์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ทน์ œ(supernormal stimulus)์ด์ฃ .
04:50
The term is owed to Niko Tinbergen,
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์ด ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹ˆ์ฝ” ํ‹ด๋ฒ„๊ฒ(Niko Tinbergen)์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:52
who did his famous experiments with gulls,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋งค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
where he found that that orange spot on the gullโ€™s beak --
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋งค๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€์ƒ‰ ์ ์„
04:58
if he made a bigger, oranger spot
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์ข€ ๋” ํฌ๊ณ  ์ง„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด,
05:00
the gull chicks would peck at it even harder.
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๊ฐˆ๋งค๊ธฐ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋“ค์ด ๋”์šฑ ์„ธ๊ฒŒ ์ชผ์•„๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:02
It was a hyperstimulus for them, and they loved it.
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๊ฐˆ๋งค๊ธฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณ ์ž๊ทน์ œ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:05
What we see with, say, chocolate cake
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์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ์ผ€์ดํฌ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:09
is itโ€™s a supernormal stimulus to tweak our design wiring.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๋น„ํŠธ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ทน์ œ์ด์ฃ .
05:14
And there are lots of supernormal stimuli; chocolate cake is one.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ทน์ œ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ฃ .
05:17
There's lots of supernormal stimuli for sexiness.
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์„น์‹œํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ทน์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
And there's even supernormal stimuli for cuteness. Hereโ€™s a pretty good example.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ๊ท€์—ฌ์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ทน๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
Itโ€™s important that we love babies, and that we not be put off by, say, messy diapers.
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์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ๋”๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์ง„ ๊ธฐ์ €๊ท€๋ฅผ ์ œ ๋•Œ ๊ฐˆ์•„ ์ค„ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:31
So babies have to attract our affection and our nurturing, and they do.
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์•„๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋ฅธ์˜ ์• ์ •๊ณผ ๋ณด์‚ดํ•Œ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋ฅธ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋“ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
And, by the way, a recent study shows that mothers
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์—„๋งˆ๋“ค์ด
05:41
prefer the smell of the dirty diapers of their own baby.
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์ž๊ธฐ ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ธฐ์ €๊ท€ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์ฃ .
05:44
So nature works on many levels here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
But now, if babies didnโ€™t look the way they do -- if babies looked like this,
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๋งŒ์ผ ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋งŒ์ผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:52
thatโ€™s what we would find adorable, thatโ€™s what we would find --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ์ด๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์Œ...
05:56
we would think, oh my goodness, do I ever want to hug that.
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์„ธ์ƒ์—, ์ด ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์•ˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
This is the strange inversion.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ฏ์„  ์—ญ์ถ”๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
Well now, finally what about funny. My answer is, itโ€™s the same story, the same story.
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์ž, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์€ ์ต์‚ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ฃ . ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
This is the hard one, the one that isnโ€™t obvious. Thatโ€™s why I leave it to the end.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ข€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฑด๋ฐ, ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ๋‘์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
06:15
And I wonโ€™t be able to say too much about it.
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๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
But you have to think evolutionarily, you have to think, what hard job that has to be done --
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
itโ€™s dirty work, somebodyโ€™s got to do it --
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์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜์ฃ .
06:26
is so important to give us such a powerful, inbuilt reward for it when we succeed.
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ด์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
Now, I think we've found the answer -- I and a few of my colleagues.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์™€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ฃ .
06:38
Itโ€™s a neural system thatโ€™s wired up to reward the brain
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘๋‡Œ์— ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋กœ์„œ
06:42
for doing a grubby clerical job.
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์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:48
Our bumper sticker for this view is
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ™๋ณด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋Š”
06:52
that this is the joy of debugging.
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"์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋””๋ฒ„๊น…์˜ ์žฌ๋ฏธ"๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:55
Now Iโ€™m not going to have time to spell it all out,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฑธ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
06:57
but Iโ€™ll just say that only some kinds of debugging get the reward.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋””๋ฒ„๊น…๋งŒ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:02
And what weโ€™re doing is weโ€™re using humor as a sort of neuroscientific probe
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ต์‚ด์„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ํƒ์ง€๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ,
07:10
by switching humor on and off, by turning the knob on a joke --
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์ต์‚ด์„ ๋ถ€๋ ธ๋‹ค ๋ง์•˜๋‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋†๋‹ด์„ ์ด๋ฆฌ์ €๋ฆฌ ํ‹€์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ,
07:14
now itโ€™s not funny ... oh, now itโ€™s funnier ...
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์ž. ์ด๊ฑด ์žฌ๋ฏธ ์—†์–ด... ์˜ค, ์ด๊ฑด ์žฌ๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋„ค...
07:16
now weโ€™ll turn a little bit more ... now itโ€™s not funny --
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์ž ์ด์ œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด... ์ด์   ์žฌ๋ฏธ ์—†๊ตฐ...
07:18
in this way, we can actually learn something
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ๋‘๋‡Œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ
07:21
about the architecture of the brain,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
the functional architecture of the brain.
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๋‘๋‡Œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
Matthew Hurley is the first author of this. We call it the Hurley Model.
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์ด ์ฑ…์˜ ์ œ1์ €์ž๋Š” ๋งคํŠœ ํ—๋ฆฌ๋กœ์„œ, ํ—๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ฃ .
07:30
Heโ€™s a computer scientist, Reginald Adams a psychologist, and there I am,
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๋งคํŠœ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ ˆ์ง€๋‚  ์•„๋‹ด์Šค๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๊ณ , ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
and weโ€™re putting this together into a book.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ํ•ฉํ•ด์„œ ์ฑ…์— ๋‹ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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