Sophal Ear: Escaping the Khmer Rouge

78,184 views ใƒป 2009-07-08

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ariella Cwikel ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
I normally teach courses on
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืœืžื“ ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ืขืœ
00:15
how to rebuild states after war.
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ืื™ืš ืœืฉืงื ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”.
00:19
But today I've got a personal story to share with you.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืชื›ื.
00:21
This is a picture of my family,
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ื–ืืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™,
00:24
my four siblings -- my mom and I -- taken in 1977.
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ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืื—ื™ื ืฉืœื™, ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™, ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฆื•ืœืžื” ื‘1977.
00:28
And we're actually Cambodians.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืงืžื‘ื•ื“ื™ื™ื.
00:30
And this picture is taken in Vietnam.
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ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฆื•ืœืžื” ื‘ื•ื™ื˜ื ืื.
00:32
So how did a Cambodian family end up in Vietnam in 1977?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืงืžื‘ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœื•ื™ื˜ื ืื ื‘1977?
00:36
Well to explain that, I've got a short video clip
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื•-ืงืœื™ืค ืงืฆืจ
00:39
to explain the Khmer Rouge regime
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ืฉื™ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืงืžืจ ืจื•ื–' ("ื”ืงืžืจื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื")
00:41
during 1975 and 1979.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ 1975 ืœ1979
00:44
Video: April 17th, 1975.
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ื•ื™ื“ืื•: 17 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ, 1975.
00:48
The communist Khmer Rouge
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ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืงืžืจ ืจื•ื–' ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™
00:50
enters Phnom Penh to liberate their people
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ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืคื ื•ื ืคืŸ (ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”) ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ืืจืฆื
00:53
from the encroaching conflict in Vietnam,
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ืžื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื•ื™ื˜ื ืื, ืฉื’ืœืฉ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ืืจืฆื,
00:55
and American bombing campaigns.
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ื•ืžืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื.
00:59
Led by peasant-born Pol Pot,
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ืžื•ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืœื™ื“-ื”ื›ืคืจ, ืคื•ืœ ืคื•ื˜,
01:02
the Khmer Rouge evacuates people to the countryside
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ื”ืงืžืจ ืจื•ื–' ืžืคื ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ, ืืœ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื
01:06
in order to create a rural communist utopia,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื” ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช- ื›ืคืจื™ืช,
01:09
much like Mao Tse-tung's Cultural Revolution in China.
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ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื• ื“ื–ื”-ื“ื•ื ื’ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ.
01:15
The Khmer Rouge closes the doors to the outside world.
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ื”ืงืžืจ ืจื•ื–' ืกื•ื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืขืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ.
01:19
But after four years the grim truth seeps out.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืืžืช ื”ืขื’ื•ืžื” ืžื—ืœื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
01:23
In a country of only seven million people,
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“
01:25
one and a half million were murdered by their own leaders,
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ืื—ื“ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ืจืฆื—ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
01:29
their bodies piled in the mass graves of the killing fields.
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ื’ื•ืคื•ืชื™ื”ื ื ืขืจืžื• ื‘ืงื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ืœ.
01:33
Sophal Ear: So, notwithstanding the 1970s narration,
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ืกื•ืคืืœ ืื™ืจ: ืื–, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”70',
01:36
on April 17th 1975
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ื‘17 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ, 1975
01:38
we lived in Phnom Penh.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ืจื ื• ื‘ืคื ื•ื ืคืŸ.
01:40
And my parents were told by the Khmer Rouge
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ื•ื”ืงืžืจ ืจื•ื–' ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™
01:43
to evacuate the city because of impending American bombing for three days.
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ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืžืชืงืคื” ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื.
01:47
And here is a picture of the Khmer Rouge.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืจ ืจื•ื–'.
01:49
They were young soldiers, typically child soldiers.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื-ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
01:52
And this is very normal now, of modern day conflict,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืื“ ืฉื›ื™ื— ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื•.
01:55
because they're easy to bring into wars.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืงืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืชื•ืš ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช.
01:58
The reason that they gave about American bombing wasn't all that far off.
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื ื ืชื ื•, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืคืจื›ืช.
02:02
I mean, from 1965 to 1973 there were
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืž1965 ืขื“ 1973
02:04
more munitions that fell on Cambodia
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช ื ืคืœื” ืขืœ ืงืžื‘ื•ื“ื™ื”
02:08
than in all of World War II Japan,
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ืžืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”,
02:10
including the two nuclear bombs
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืชื™ ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ื”ืื˜ื•ื
02:12
of August 1945.
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ืฉืœ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1945.
02:15
The Khmer Rouge didn't believe in money.
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ื”ืงืžืจ ืจื•ื–' ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืกืฃ.
02:18
So the equivalent of the Federal Reserve Bank
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ืื– ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™
02:20
in Cambodia was bombed.
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ื‘ืงืžื‘ื•ื“ื™ื” ื”ื•ืคืฆืฆื”.
02:22
But not just that, they actually banned money.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจืง ื–ืืช, ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืง.
02:25
I think it's the only precedent in which
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืชืงื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื•
02:27
money has ever been stopped from being used.
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ืื™ ืคืขื ื ืืกืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืกืฃ.
02:29
And we know money is the root of all evil,
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื›ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฉืข,
02:31
but it didn't actually stop evil from happening in Cambodia, in fact.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื ืžื ืข ืžื”ืจืฉืข ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืงืžื‘ื•ื“ื™ื”.
02:35
My family was moved from Phnom Penh to Pursat province.
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ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ืžืคื ื•ื ืคืŸ ืœืžื—ื•ื– ืคืจืกืื˜.
02:39
This is a picture of what Pursat looks like.
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ื–ืืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืคืจืกืื˜ ื ืจืื™ืช.
02:41
It's actually a very pretty area of Cambodia,
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืื“ ื™ืคื” ื‘ืงืžื‘ื•ื“ื™ื”,
02:44
where rice growing takes place.
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ื‘ื• ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืื•ืจื–.
02:46
And in fact they were forced to work the fields.
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืคื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช.
02:48
So my father and mother ended up in
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ืื– ืื‘ื ื•ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ
02:51
a sort of concentration camp, labor camp.
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ืœืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื—ื ื” ืจื™ื›ื•ื–, ืžื—ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
02:54
And it was at that time that my mother got word
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ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ืฉืžืขื”
02:56
from the commune chief
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ืžืจืืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™
02:59
that the Vietnamese were actually asking
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ืฉื”ื•ื™ื˜ื ืืžื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื
03:01
for their citizens to go back to Vietnam.
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ืžื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื•ื™ื˜ื ืื.
03:04
And she spoke some Vietnamese,
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ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืžืขื˜ ื•ื™ื˜ื ืืžื™ืช,
03:06
as a child having grown up with Vietnamese friends.
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ื›ื™ืœื“ื” ืฉื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื™ื˜ื ืืžื™ื.
03:09
And she decided, despite the advice of her neighbors,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื”, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืขืฆืช ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”,
03:13
that she would take the chance
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ
03:15
and claim to be Vietnamese
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ื•ืชื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื•ื™ื˜ื ืืžื™ืช
03:17
so that we could have a chance to survive,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืฉืจื•ื“.
03:19
because at this point they're forcing everybody to work.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื”ื ื”ื›ืจื™ื—ื• ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
03:21
And they're giving about --
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ื•ื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš--
03:23
in a modern-day, caloric-restriction diet, I guess --
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ื‘ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—--
03:26
they're giving porridge, with a few grains of rice.
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ื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื“ื™ื™ืกื”, ืขื ื›ืžื” ื’ืจื’ืจื™ ืื•ืจื–.
03:30
And at about this time actually
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ื•ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”
03:32
my father got very sick.
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ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื ืขืฉื” ืžืื“ ื—ื•ืœื”.
03:34
And he didn't speak Vietnamese.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ื˜ื ืืžื™ืช.
03:36
So he died actually, in January 1976.
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ืžืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1976.
03:39
And it made it possible, in fact,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™
03:42
for us to take on this plan.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืœืคื•ืขืœ.
03:44
So the Khmer Rouge took us
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ืื– ื”ืงืžืจ ืจื•ื–' ืœืงื—ื• ืื•ืชื ื•
03:46
from a place called Pursat to Kaoh Tiev,
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ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืงืจื ืคืจืกืื˜ ืืœ ืงื•- ื˜ื™ืื‘.
03:48
which is across from the border from Vietnam.
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ืฉื ืžืฆื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื ื•ื™ื˜ื ืื.
03:51
And there they had a detention camp
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืžื—ื ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ
03:53
where alleged Vietnamese would be tested, language tested.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื•ื™ื˜ื ืืžื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื• ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื, ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ืฉืคื”.
03:57
And my mother's Vietnamese was so bad
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ื•ื”ื•ื™ื˜ื ืืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื’ืจื•ืขื”
04:00
that to make our story more credible,
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ืฉืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืืžื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:04
she'd given all the boys and girls new Vietnamese names.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืชื ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ื™ื˜ื ืืžื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
04:07
But she'd given the boys girls' names,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื ืชื ื” ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื•ืช,
04:09
and the girls boys' names.
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ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื.
04:12
And it wasn't until she met a Vietnamese lady
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ื•ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืคื’ืฉื” ืื™ืฉื” ื•ื™ื˜ื ืืžื™ืช
04:14
who told her this, and then tutored her for two days intensively,
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ืฉืืžืจื” ืœื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืื– ืœื™ืžื“ื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื,
04:18
that she was able to go into her exam
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉืœื”
04:21
and -- you know, this was a moment of truth.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจื’ืข ื”ืืžืช.
04:24
If she fails, we're all headed to the gallows;
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ืื ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืฉืœืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื™ืฉืœื— ืœื’ืจื“ื•ื.
04:27
if she passes, we can leave to Vietnam.
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ืื ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืœื•ื™ื˜ื ืื.
04:29
And she actually, of course -- I'm here, she passes.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ- ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื”.
04:33
And we end up in Hong Ngu on the Vietnamese side.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ ื ื•, ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื™ื˜ื ืืžื™.
04:36
And then onwards to Chau Doc.
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ื•ืžืฉื ื”ืœืื” ืœืฆ'ืื• ื“ื•ืง.
04:38
And this is a picture of Hong Ngu, Vietnam today.
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ื•ื–ืืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ ื ื• ื‘ื•ื™ื˜ื ืื, ื”ื™ื•ื.
04:40
A pretty idyllic place on the Mekong Delta.
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ืžืงื•ื ื—ืœื•ืžื™ ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื“ืœืชืช ื ื”ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื’.
04:42
But for us it meant freedom.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ืคืฉ.
04:44
And freedom from persecution from the Khmer Rouge.
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ื•ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืžืจื“ื™ืคืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืจ ืจื•ื–'.
04:49
Last year, the Khmer Rouge Tribunal,
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืงืžืจ ืจื•ื–',
04:52
which the U.N. is helping Cambodia take on,
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ืฉื”ืื•"ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืงืžื‘ื•ื“ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืชื•,
04:54
started, and I decided that as a matter of record
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ื”ื—ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ, ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™
04:56
I should file a Civil Complaint
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ืฉืื ื™ ืื’ื™ืฉ ืชืœื•ื ื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช
04:59
with the Tribunal about my father's passing away.
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ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™.
05:02
And I got word last month
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ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžื”ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืขื‘ืจ
05:05
that the complaint was officially accepted by the Khmer Rouge Tribunal.
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ืฉื”ืชืœื•ื ื” ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืจ ืจื•ื–'.
05:08
And it's for me a matter of justice for history, and accountability for the future,
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ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืง ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจ, ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
05:13
because Cambodia remains a pretty lawless place, at times.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืงืžื‘ื•ื“ื™ื” ื ื•ืชืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืœืœื-ื—ื•ืง, ืœืขืชื™ื.
05:18
Five years ago my mother and I went back to Chau Doc.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืœืฆ'ืื• ื“ื•ืง.
05:22
And she was able to return to a place
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื
05:24
that for her meant freedom, but also fear,
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ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืกื™ืžืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืคื—ื“,
05:27
because we had just come out of Cambodia.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ื™ืฆืื ื• ืžืงืžื‘ื•ื“ื™ื”.
05:30
I'm happy, actually, today, to present her.
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ืื ื™ ืฉืžื—, ื”ื™ื•ื, ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื.
05:34
She's here today with us in the audience.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ืื™ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ.
05:36
Thank you mother.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืืžื.
05:38
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื).
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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