Love, no matter what | Andrew Solomon

1,023,119 views ใƒป 2013-06-03

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
"Even in purely nonreligious terms,
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"ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืœื-ื“ืชื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ,
ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ-ืœืจืขื” ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืช.
00:17
homosexuality represents a misuse of the sexual faculty.
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00:22
It is a pathetic little second-rate substitute for reality --
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ื–ื”ื• ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืคืชื˜ื™ ื•ื ื—ื•ืช ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช,
00:27
a pitiable flight from life.
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ื•ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืขืœื•ื‘ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืฉื›ื–ื•, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื—ืžืœื”,
00:30
As such, it deserves no compassion,
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00:33
it deserves no treatment as minority martyrdom,
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ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช
ื›ืืœ ืžืฆื•ืงืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜,
ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืจื˜ ืœื—ื•ืœื™ ืžืžืื™ืจ."
00:39
and it deserves not to be deemed anything but a pernicious sickness."
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00:45
That's from "Time" magazine in 1966, when I was three years old.
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ื–ื” ืœืงื•ื— ืžื›ืชื‘-ื”ืขืช "ื˜ื™ื™ื" ื‘-1966, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.
ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
00:51
And last year, the president of the United States
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00:54
came out in favor of gay marriage.
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ื™ืฆื ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื“-ืžื™ื ื™ื™ื.
00:57
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ื”ื™ื, ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืžืฉื ื•ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ?
01:05
And my question is:
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01:07
How did we get from there to here?
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01:10
How did an illness become an identity?
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ืื™ืš ื—ื•ืœื™ ื”ืคืš ืœื–ื”ื•ืช?
01:15
When I was perhaps six years old,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืฉ,
01:18
I went to a shoe store with my mother and my brother.
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืขื ืืžื™ ื•ืื—ื™,
01:21
And at the end of buying our shoes,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืงื ื™ื ื• ื ืขืœื™ื™ื,
01:23
the salesman said to us that we could each have a balloon to take home.
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ื”ื–ื‘ืŸ ืืžืจ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื•ื ื™ื.
01:27
My brother wanted a red balloon,
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ืื—ื™ ืจืฆื” ื‘ืœื•ืŸ ืื“ื•ื, ื•ืื ื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ื‘ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืจื•ื“.
01:29
and I wanted a pink balloon.
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ืืžื™ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ืฉืœื“ืขืชื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื™ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ืœื•ืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืœ.
01:33
My mother said that she thought I'd really rather have a blue balloon.
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01:37
(Laughter)
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืจื•ื“,
01:38
But I said that I definitely wanted the pink one.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื—ื•ืœ.
01:41
And she reminded me that my favorite color was blue.
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01:46
The fact that my favorite color now is blue, but I'm still gay --
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื—ื•ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื•ืžื•--
01:51
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]--
01:54
is evidence of both my mother's influence
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื’ื ืœื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืฉืœ ืืžื™ ื•ื’ื ืœืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื”.
01:57
and its limits.
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01:58
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
02:00
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
02:07
When I was little, my mother used to say,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ืืžื™ ื ื”ื’ื” ืœื•ืžืจ,
02:10
"The love you have for your children is like no other feeling in the world.
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"ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ืš ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉื•ื ืจื’ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
ื•ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืš ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืœื ืชื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•."
02:15
And until you have children, you don't know what it's like."
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืžื—ืžืื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื
02:18
And when I was little, I took it as the greatest compliment in the world
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02:21
that she would say that about parenting my brother and me.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืื—ื™ ื•ืื ื™.
02:24
And when I was an adolescent, I thought, "But I'm gay,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™
ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืžื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”.
02:27
and so I probably can't have a family."
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02:30
And when she said it, it made me anxious.
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื–ื” ื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžืชื—.
02:32
And after I came out of the closet,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ืฆืืชื™ ืžื”ืืจื•ืŸ
ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช, ื–ื” ื”ืจืชื™ื— ืื•ืชื™.
02:34
when she continued to say it, it made me furious.
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02:37
I said, "I'm gay. That's not the direction that I'm headed in.
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ืืžืจืชื™, "ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืžื•. ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
02:41
And I want you to stop saying that."
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืคืกื™ืงื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืืช ื–ื”."
02:47
About 20 years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›-20 ืฉื ื”, ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉืชื™ ืข"ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช "ื”ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก"
02:49
I was asked by my editors at the "New York Times Magazine"
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02:52
to write a piece about Deaf culture.
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ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืจืฉื™ื,
02:54
And I was rather taken aback.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืคืชื™ืข ื•ื‘ื™ืœื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื™.
02:56
I had thought of deafness entirely as an illness:
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ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœื™ ืœื—ื™ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ืืœ ืžื—ืœื”.
02:58
those poor people, they couldn't hear,
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ื”ืžืกื›ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”. ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข.
03:00
they lacked hearing, and what could we do for them?
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ื—ืกืจ ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉืžืข, ืžื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืžืขื ื?
03:03
And then I went out into the Deaf world.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืจืฉื™ื.
03:05
I went to Deaf clubs.
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืžื•ืขื“ื•ื ื™ ื—ื™ืจืฉื™ื.
03:07
I saw performances of Deaf theater and of Deaf poetry.
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืจืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ื—ื™ืจืฉื™ื.
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืžื™ืก ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ื—ื™ืจืฉืช ื‘ื ืืฉื•ื•ื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ื ืกื™,
03:12
I even went to the Miss Deaf America contest in Nashville, Tennessee,
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03:17
where people complained about that slurry Southern signing.
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชืœื•ื ื ื• ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืขื’ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช.
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
03:22
(Laughter)
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืฆืœืœืชื™ ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชื•ืš ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืจืฉื™ื,
03:26
And as I plunged deeper and deeper into the Deaf world,
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื•ื”ืฉืชื›ื ืขืชื™ ืฉื”ื—ื™ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช
03:30
I became convinced that Deafness was a culture
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ื•ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืจืฉื™ื, ืฉืืžืจื•,
03:33
and that the people in the Deaf world who said,
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03:35
"We don't lack hearing; we have membership in a culture,"
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"ืื™ื ื ื• ื›ื‘ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืืœื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช,"
03:38
were saying something that was viable.
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ืืžืจื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื•.
03:41
It wasn't my culture,
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ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
03:42
and I didn't particularly want to rush off and join it,
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ื•ืœื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืžื”ืจ ื•ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื”,
03:45
but I appreciated that it was a culture
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉืื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช
03:48
and that for the people who were members of it,
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ื•ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื”,
03:50
it felt as valuable as Latino culture or gay culture or Jewish culture.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืขืจืš ื›ืžื• ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ืื• ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืื™ืช ืื• ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช.
03:56
It felt as valid, perhaps, even as American culture.
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ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืชื•ืงืฃ ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช.
04:01
Then a friend of a friend of mine had a daughter who was a dwarf.
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ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื ื•ืœื“ื” ืœืื—ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืช ื’ืžื“ื”,
ื›ืฉื‘ืชื” ื ื•ืœื“ื”,
04:05
And when her daughter was born,
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04:06
she suddenly found herself confronting questions
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืื” ืขืฆืžื” ืœืคืชืข ืžื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช
ืฉื›ืขืช ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืขื•ืจืจื• ืืฆืœื™ ื”ื“.
04:09
that now began to seem quite resonant to me.
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04:11
She was facing the question of what to do with this child.
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ื”ื™ื ืขืžื“ื” ืžื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
04:15
Should she say, "You're just like everyone else but a little bit shorter?"
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ื”ืื ืขืœื™ื” ืœื•ืžืจ, "ืืช ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืœื, ืจืง ืงืฆืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ"?
ืื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื–ื”ื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืฉืœ ื’ืžื“ื”,
04:19
Or should she try to construct some kind of dwarf identity,
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04:22
get involved in the Little People of America,
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ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘"ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”",
04:24
become aware of what was happening for dwarfs?
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ืฉืชืœืžื“ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื’ืžื“ื™ื?
04:27
And I suddenly thought,
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ื•ืื– ืœืคืชืข ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™,
ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืจืฉื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื.
04:29
"Most deaf children are born to hearing parents.
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04:31
Those hearing parents tend to try to cure them.
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ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ื ื˜ื™ื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืจืคื ืื•ืชื.
04:34
Those deaf people discover community somehow in adolescence.
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ืื•ืชื ื—ื™ืจืฉื™ื ืžื’ืœื™ื ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช.
04:38
Most gay people are born to straight parents.
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ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืจื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื™ื.
04:40
Those straight parents often want them to function
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืื•ืชื ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืจื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ืชืคืงื“ื•
ื‘ืžื” ืฉืœื“ืขืชื ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ืจื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
04:43
in what they think of as the mainstream world,
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04:45
and those gay people have to discover identity later on.
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ื•ืื•ืชื ื”ื•ืžื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืชื.
04:48
And here was this friend of mine,
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ื•ื”ื™ื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื™
04:50
looking at these questions of identity with her dwarf daughter.
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ื ืชืงืœื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ืชื” ื”ื’ืžื“ื”.
ื•ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™, ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื‘:
04:54
And I thought, "There it is again:
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04:55
a family that perceives itself to be normal
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ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืชื•ืคืฉืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื›ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช
04:58
with a child who seems to be extraordinary."
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ืขื ื™ืœื“ื” ืฉื ืชืคืฉืช ื›ื—ืจื™ื’ื”,
05:00
And I hatched the idea that there are really two kinds of identity.
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ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืœืงื ืŸ ื‘ื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื–ื”ื•ืช.
05:05
There are vertical identities,
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ื™ืฉ ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื ื›ื™ื•ืช,
ืฉืžื•ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ืžื”ื•ืจื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื•.
05:07
which are passed down generationally from parent to child.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืชื ื™ื•ืช, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื•ื, ืฉืคื”, ื“ืช.
05:10
Those are things like ethnicity,
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05:12
frequently nationality, language, often religion.
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05:15
Those are things you have in common with your parents and with your children.
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื,
05:20
And while some of them can be difficult,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื—ืœืงื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืงืฉื™ื,
05:22
there's no attempt to cure them.
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ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื•ื ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืจืคื ืื•ืชื.
05:24
You can argue that it's harder in the United States --
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชื˜ืขื ื• ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช--
05:27
our current presidency notwithstanding --
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ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœื ื•
ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™.
05:30
to be a person of color.
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05:31
And yet, we have nobody who is trying to ensure
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื•ื•ื“ื
05:34
that the next generation of children born to African-Americans and Asians
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ืฉื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืืกื™ืืชื™ื™ื
05:38
come out with creamy skin and yellow hair.
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ื™ื™ืฆืื• ืขื ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื ืช ื•ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฆื”ื•ื‘.
ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื”ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื.
05:42
There are these other identities which you have to learn from a peer group,
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ืื•ืชืŸ "ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืคืงื™ื•ืช",
05:46
and I call them "horizontal identities,"
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05:48
because the peer group is the horizontal experience.
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ื›ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ืื•ืคืงื™ืช.
05:51
These are identities that are alien to your parents
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ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื›ื
05:53
and that you have to discover when you get to see them in peers.
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ื•ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื’ืœื•ืชืŸ ื›ืฉืืชื ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืฆืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืœื›ื.
ื•ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
05:58
And those identities, those horizontal identities,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื™ืกื• ืœืจืคื.
06:01
people have almost always tried to cure.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื”ื• ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš
06:05
And I wanted to look at what the process is
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06:07
through which people who have those identities
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ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”
06:09
come to a good relationship with them.
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ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืื™ืชืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
06:12
And it seemed to me that there were three levels of acceptance
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื™ืฉ 3 ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœื”
06:16
that needed to take place.
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ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ,
ื•ื”ืŸ ืงื‘ืœื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ื•ืงื‘ืœื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
06:18
There's self-acceptance, there's family acceptance, and there's social acceptance.
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06:23
And they don't always coincide.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ื•ืคืคื•ืช,
06:25
And a lot of the time, people who have these conditions are very angry,
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ื•ืงื•ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชืจื’ื–ื™ื ืžืื“
06:29
because they feel as though their parents don't love them,
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ื›ื™ ืœื“ืขืชื ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื,
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžื” ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ืงื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื.
06:33
when what actually has happened is that their parents don't accept them.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™, ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ
06:37
Love is something that, ideally, is there unconditionally
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06:40
throughout the relationship between a parent and a child.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื•.
06:43
But acceptance is something that takes time.
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉ ื–ืžืŸ.
06:46
It always takes time.
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ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื–ืžืŸ.
ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ืžื“ื™ื ืฉื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืงืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืื•ืŸ.
06:49
One of the dwarfs I got to know was a guy named Clinton Brown.
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06:53
When he was born, he was diagnosed with diastrophic dwarfism,
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ื›ืฉื ื•ืœื“, ื”ื•ื ืื•ื‘ื—ืŸ ื›ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžื’ืžื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ืืกื˜ืจื•ืคื™ืช,
ืžื—ืœื” ืžืื“ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื”,
06:57
a very disabling condition,
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06:58
and his parents were told that he would never walk,
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ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืœื›ืช, ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ,
07:01
he would never talk,
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07:02
he would have no intellectual capacity,
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ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืฉื•ื ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื,
07:04
and he would probably not even recognize them.
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ื•ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื–ื”ื” ืื•ืชื.
07:06
And it was suggested to them that they leave him at the hospital
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ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืœื”ื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ื—
07:10
so that he could die there quietly.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ืฉืงื˜.
07:12
His mother said she wasn't going to do it,
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ื•ืืžื• ืืžืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื›ืš.
07:14
and she took her son home.
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ื”ื™ื ืœืงื—ื” ืืช ื‘ื ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”,
07:16
And even though she didn't have a lot of educational or financial advantages,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉื•ืคืขืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื™ื ืื• ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื,
ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืื” ืืช ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ
07:20
she found the best doctor in the country for dealing with diastrophic dwarfism,
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ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื’ืžื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ืืกื˜ืจื•ืคื™ืช,
07:24
and she got Clinton enrolled with him.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ืงืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉืœื•,
07:26
And in the course of his childhood,
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ื•ื‘ืžืจื•ืฆืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื•
07:28
he had 30 major surgical procedures.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ 30 ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื,
07:31
And he spent all this time stuck in the hospital
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ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืชืงื•ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ื—
07:33
while he was having those procedures,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
07:35
as a result of which, he now can walk.
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ื•ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ืขืช ืœืœื›ืช.
07:37
While he was there, they sent tutors around to help him with his schoolwork,
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ื•ื›ืฉืฉื”ื” ืฉื, ืฉืœื—ื• ืœื• ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื• ืขื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช
ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืื—ืจืช,
07:42
and he worked very hard, because there was nothing else to do.
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื”
07:45
He ended up achieving at a level
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07:46
that had never before been contemplated by any member of his family.
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ืฉืื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืœื ืขืœื™ื”.
07:50
He was the first one in his family, in fact, to go to college,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉื”ืœืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงื•ืœื’',
07:53
where he lived on campus and drove a specially fitted car
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ืจ ื‘ืงืžืคื•ืก ื•ื ื”ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
07:56
that accommodated his unusual body.
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ืฉื”ืชืื™ื ืœื’ื•ืคื• ื”ื™ื•ืฆื-ื“ื•ืคืŸ,
07:59
And his mother told me the story of coming home one day --
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ื•ืื™ืžื• ืกื™ืคืจื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”--
08:02
and he went to college nearby --
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžื“ ื‘ืงื•ืœื’' ืกืžื•ืš--
08:04
and she said, "I saw that car, which you can always recognize,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืงืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืชื•,
08:07
in the parking lot of a bar," she said.
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ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจ," ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
08:10
(Laughter)
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"ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™, ื”ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 2 ืžื˜ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื˜ืจ.
08:12
"And I thought to myself,
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08:13
'They're six feet tall, he's three feet tall.
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08:16
Two beers for them is four beers for him.'"
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ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื”ื ื›ืžื• 4 ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•."
ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื ื•ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื•,
08:19
She said, "I knew I couldn't go in there and interrupt him,
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08:21
but I went home, and I left him eight messages on his cell phone."
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ืฉืœื—ืชื™ 8 ืžืกืจื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœื•."
08:25
She said, "And then I thought,
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ื•ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™,
08:27
if someone had said to me, when he was born,
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ืฉืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืœื“,
08:29
that my future worry would be that he'd go drinking and driving
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ืฉื”ื“ืื’ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืชื” ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืงื•ืœื’'--"
08:33
with his college buddies ..."
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08:34
(Laughter)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
08:36
(Applause)
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08:43
And I said to her,
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื”, "ืžื” ืœื“ืขืชืš ืขืฉื™ืช
08:45
"What do you think you did that helped him to emerge
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ืฉืขื–ืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืื“ื ื”ืžืงืกื™ื, ื”ื ื”ื“ืจ ื•ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื”ื–ื”?"
08:47
as this charming, accomplished, wonderful person?"
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08:50
And she said, "What did I do?
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืžื” ืขืฉื™ืชื™? ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืชื•. ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ.
08:53
I loved him, that's all.
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ืœืงืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื”.
08:55
Clinton just always had that light in him.
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ื•ืœืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื–ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืจืื• ืืช ื–ื”."
08:58
And his father and I were lucky enough to be the first to see it there."
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09:04
I'm going to quote from another magazine of the '60s.
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ืืฆื˜ื˜ ืžื›ืชื‘-ืขืช ืื—ืจ ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60.
09:07
This one is from 1968 --
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ื”ื•ื ืž-1968-- "ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ืง ืžื ืช'ืœื™, ืงื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช"--
09:10
"The Atlantic Monthly," voice of liberal America --
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09:13
written by an important bioethicist.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ ืข"ื™ ื‘ื™ื•-ืืชื™ืงืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
09:15
He said, "There is no reason to feel guilty
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ืฉืงื‘ืข, "ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืืฉืžื”
09:19
about putting a Down's syndrome child away,
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกื™ืœื•ืงื• ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืขืœ ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื“ืื•ืŸ,
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืœื•ืงื• ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืชืจืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืžืจืคื,
09:23
whether it is 'put away' in the sense of hidden in a sanitarium
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ืื• ื‘ืกื™ืœื•ืงื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจืื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืงื˜ืœื ื™.
09:28
or in a more responsible, lethal sense.
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ืขืฆื•ื‘, ื ื›ื•ืŸ-- ื ื•ืจื. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ื›ืœ ืืฉืžื”.
09:32
It is sad, yes. Dreadful.
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09:35
But it carries no guilt.
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ืืฉืžื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืจืง ืžืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื“ื,
09:37
True guilt arises only from an offense against a person,
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ื•ืžื™ ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื“ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ืื“ื."
09:41
and a Down's is not a person."
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09:45
There's been a lot of ink given to the enormous progress that we've made
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ื ืฉืคื›ื” ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉื’ื ื•
09:49
in the treatment of gay people.
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ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ืžื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื.
09:51
The fact that our attitude has changed is in the headlines every day.
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื’ื™ืฉืชื ื• ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื.
09:55
But we forget how we used to see people who had other differences,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืื™ืš ืจืื™ื ื• ืคืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
10:00
how we used to see people who were disabled,
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ืื™ืš ืจืื™ื ื• ืคืขื ื ื›ื™ื,
10:02
how inhuman we held people to be.
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ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืœืชื™-ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
10:05
And the change that's been accomplished there,
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืฉื’ ืฉื,
10:07
which is almost equally radical,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”,
10:09
is one that we pay not very much attention to.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืขืจื™ื ืœื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
ืื—ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืจืื™ื™ื ืชื™, ื˜ื•ื ื•ืงืืจืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืืจื“ืก,
10:12
One of the families I interviewed, Tom and Karen Robards,
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ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืคืชืขื™ื ื•ืื•ื‘ื“ื™-ืขืฆื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ, ื›ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื,
10:16
were taken aback when, as young and successful New Yorkers,
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10:19
their first child was diagnosed with Down syndrome.
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ืื•ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ื ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ืขืœ ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื“ืื•ืŸ.
10:23
They thought the educational opportunities for him were not what they should be,
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ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช--
10:27
and so they decided they would build a little center --
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืจื›ื– ืงื˜ืŸ--
10:31
two classrooms that they started with a few other parents --
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ืฉืชื™ ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื”ืงื™ืžื• ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ืจื™ื--
10:34
to educate kids with DS.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื“ืื•ืŸ,
10:37
And over the years, that center grew into something called the Cooke Center,
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ื•ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื–ื” ืฆืžื— ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืงืจื "ืžืจื›ื– ืงื•ืง",
10:41
where there are now thousands upon thousands of children
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ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชื—ื ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืืœืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื•ืช.
10:44
with intellectual disabilities
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10:45
who are being taught.
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10:47
In the time since that "Atlantic Monthly" story ran,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื—ืœืฃ ืžืื– ืคื•ืจืกื ื”ืžืืžืจ ื‘"ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ืง ืžื ืช'ืœื™",
10:50
the life expectancy for people with Down syndrome has tripled.
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ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื“ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืฉื”.
ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื“ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื,
10:55
The experience of Down syndrome people includes those who are actors,
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10:59
those who are writers, some who are able to live fully independently in adulthood.
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ื™ืฉ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื›ืืœื” ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื›ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื.
11:05
The Robards had a lot to do with that.
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ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืจื•ื‘ืืจื“ืก ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืš.
11:07
And I said, "Do you regret it?
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฉืืœืชื™, "ื”ืื ืืชื ืžืฆื˜ืขืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš?
11:08
Do you wish your child didn't have Down syndrome?
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœื‘ื ื›ื ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื“ืื•ืŸ?
11:11
Do you wish you'd never heard of it?"
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ื”ืื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืขืœื™ื”?"
ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ื™ืชื”,
11:13
And interestingly, his father said,
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11:15
"Well, for David, our son, I regret it,
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"ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“, ื‘ื ื ื•, ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš,
ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืงืฉื”,
11:18
because for David, it's a difficult way to be in the world,
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11:21
and I'd like to give David an easier life.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืช ืœื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:24
But I think if we lost everyone with Down syndrome,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืื™ืœื• ืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื”ื“ืื•ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื ื•ืจื."
11:27
it would be a catastrophic loss."
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11:29
And Karen Robards said to me, "I'm with Tom.
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ื•ืงืืจืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืืจื“ืก ืืžืจื” ืœื™, "ืื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ืžื” ืขื ื˜ื•ื.
11:32
For David, I would cure it in an instant, to give him an easier life.
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ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืจืคืืช ืืช ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:36
But speaking for myself --
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืœืคื ื™ 23 ืฉื ื”, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืœื“, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื”
11:38
well, I would never have believed 23 years ago when he was born
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ืฉืื’ื™ืข ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื›ื–ื•--
11:42
that I could come to such a point.
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื™ ืœืื“ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘,
11:44
Speaking for myself, it's made me so much better and so much kinder
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11:48
and so much more purposeful in my whole life that, speaking for myself,
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ื•ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™,
ืื– ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ื•ืชืจืช ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืขื“ ืฉื•ื ื”ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื."
11:53
I wouldn't give it up for anything in the world."
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
11:58
We live at a point when social acceptance for these and many other conditions
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12:02
is on the up and up.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ืžืช ืขืœื™ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช.
ื•ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ
12:04
And yet we also live at the moment
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ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœืกื™ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืืœื”
12:06
when our ability to eliminate those conditions
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12:08
has reached a height we never imagined before.
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื™ืื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
12:11
Most deaf infants born in the United States now
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
12:14
will receive cochlear implants,
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ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืฉืชืœ ืฉื‘ืœื•ืœื™,
12:16
which are put into the brain and connected to a receiver,
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ืฉืžื•ื›ื ืก ืœืžื•ื— ื•ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืžืงืœื˜,
12:21
and which allow them to acquire a facsimile of hearing
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ื•ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ื“ืžื™ื™ืช ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื™ื”ื.
12:24
and to use oral speech.
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12:26
A compound that has been tested in mice, BMN-111,
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ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ืช ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื” ืขืœ ื—ื•ืœื“ื•ืช, ื‘ื™-ืืž-ืืŸ-111,
12:30
is useful in preventing the action of the achondroplasia gene.
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ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื’ืŸ ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื”.
12:35
Achondroplasia is the most common form of dwarfism,
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ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื’ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื’ืžื“ื•ืช,
12:38
and mice who have been given that substance
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ื•ื—ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ื”ื’ืŸ ืžืขื›ื‘-ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื”, ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื”,
12:40
and who have the achondroplasia gene
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12:42
grow to full size.
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ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืœื.
12:44
Testing in humans is around the corner.
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ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื“.
12:46
There are blood tests which are making progress
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื“ื
ืฉื™ืื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื“ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื‘ืขื‘ืจ,
12:49
that would pick up Down syndrome more clearly and earlier in pregnancies
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12:53
than ever before,
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12:54
making it easier and easier for people to eliminate those pregnancies,
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ืžื” ืฉื™ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ,
12:59
or to terminate them.
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ืื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืงื•.
13:00
So we have both social progress and medical progress.
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื’ื ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช.
13:05
And I believe in both of them.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ.
13:07
I believe the social progress is fantastic and meaningful and wonderful,
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื ืคืœืื”, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื ื”ื“ืจืช,
13:11
and I think the same thing about the medical progress.
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ื•ื–ื• ื“ืขืชื™ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช.
13:14
But I think it's a tragedy when one of them doesn't see the other.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื• ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื” ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื ืคื’ืฉื•ืช.
ื•ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื˜ืœื‘ื•ืช
13:19
And when I see the way they're intersecting
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ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ืชื™ืืจืชื™,
13:21
in conditions like the three I've just described,
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13:23
I sometimes think it's like those moments in grand opera
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื•ืชื ืจื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืจื”,
ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื”
13:27
when the hero realizes he loves the heroine
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13:29
at the exact moment that she lies expiring on a divan.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืคื—ืช ืืช ื ืฉืžืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืกืคื” ื”ืžื”ื•ื“ืจืช.
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
13:34
(Laughter)
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื™ืš ืื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืจื™ืคื•ื™,
13:37
We have to think about how we feel about cures altogether.
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13:40
And a lot of the time the question of parenthood is:
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื
13:43
What do we validate in our children,
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ืžื” ืื ื• ืžืืฉืจื™ื ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•,
13:45
and what do we cure in them?
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ื•ืžื” ืื ื• ืžืจืคืื™ื ื‘ื”ื.
13:47
Jim Sinclair, a prominent autism activist, said,
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ื’'ื™ื ืกื™ื ืงืœื™ื™ืจ, ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื, ืืžืจ,
13:51
"When parents say, 'I wish my child did not have autism,'
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"ื›ืฉื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, 'ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœื™ืœื“ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื',
ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, 'ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื,
13:56
what they're really saying is, 'I wish the child I have did not exist
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14:00
and I had a different, nonautistic child instead.'
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื™ืœื“ ืฉื•ื ื”, ื‘ืœื™ ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื'.
14:04
Read that again. This is what we hear when you mourn over our existence.
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ืงื™ืจืื• ื–ืืช ืฉื•ื‘. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืชืื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื ื•.
14:09
This is what we hear when you pray for a cure:
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืœืชืจื•ืคื”--
ืฉืคืกื’ืช ืฉืื™ืคื•ืชื™ื›ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•
14:13
that your fondest wish for us is that someday we will cease to be,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื ื—ื“ืœ ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
14:17
and strangers you can love will move in behind our faces."
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ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ื™ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืชื•ื›ื ื•, ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืคื ื™ื ื•."
ื–ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช-ืžื‘ื˜ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
14:23
It's a very extreme point of view,
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14:25
but it points to the reality that people engage with the life they have
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื™ืžื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืคืœื• ื‘ื—ืœืงื
ื•ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ืจืคืื•, ื™ืฉื ื• ืื• ื™ื—ืกืœื• ืื•ืชื.
14:30
and they don't want to be cured or changed or eliminated.
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14:34
They want to be whoever it is that they've come to be.
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื•.
ืื—ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืจืื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืžื™ื–ื ื”ื–ื”
14:38
One of the families I interviewed for this project
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14:41
was the family of Dylan Klebold,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืœืŸ ืงืœื™ื‘ื•ืœื“, ืื—ื“ ืžืžื‘ืฆืขื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ื— ื‘ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื™ืŸ.
14:43
who was one of the perpetrators of the Columbine massacre.
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ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื•ืชื ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืื™ืชื™,
14:47
It took a long time to persuade them to talk to me,
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14:49
and once they agreed, they were so full of their story
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื•, ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžื™ืœื ืืช ื ืคืฉื,
14:52
that they couldn't stop telling it,
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ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืกืคืจื•.
ื‘ืกื•ืคืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืื™ืชื-- ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืจื‘ื™ื--
14:54
and the first weekend I spent with them, the first of many,
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14:56
I recorded more than 20 hours of conversation.
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ื”ืงืœื˜ืชื™ ืžืขืœ 20 ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื”.
14:59
And on Sunday night, we were all exhausted.
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ื•ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื™ื•ื ื' ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื•ืชืฉื™ื.
15:01
We were sitting in the kitchen. Sue Klebold was fixing dinner.
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ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—. ืกื• ืงืœื™ื‘ื•ืœื“ ื”ื›ื™ื ื” ืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘,
ื•ืื ื™ ืฉืืœืชื™, "ืื™ืœื• ื“ื™ืœืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
15:05
And I said, "If Dylan were here now,
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15:07
do you have a sense of what you'd want to ask him?"
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื•?"
15:10
And his father said, "I sure do.
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ื•ืื‘ื™ื• ืขื ื”, "ืœื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื™ืฉ.
15:12
I'd want to ask him what the hell he thought he was doing."
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžื” ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ ืขื‘ืจ ืœื• ื‘ืจืืฉ."
15:16
And Sue looked at the floor, and she thought for a minute.
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ื•ืกื• ื”ืฉืคื™ืœื” ืžื‘ื˜ ืœืจืฆืคื”, ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืจื’ืข,
ื•ืื– ื”ืจื™ืžื” ืืช ืžื‘ื˜ื” ื•ืืžืจื”,
15:20
And then she looked back up and said,
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"ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืžืžื ื• ืœืกืœื•ื— ืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™, ื›ืื™ืžื•,
15:22
"I would ask him to forgive me for being his mother
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื•."
15:26
and never knowing what was going on inside his head."
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15:30
When I had dinner with her a couple of years later --
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ื›ืฉืื›ืœืชื™ ืื™ืชื” ืืจื•ื—ืช-ืขืจื‘, ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื--
15:33
one of many dinners that we had together --
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ืื—ืช ืžื”ืจื‘ื” ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช-ืขืจื‘ ืฉืื›ืœื ื• ื™ื—ื“--
15:35
she said, "You know, when it first happened,
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ื›ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื”,
15:38
I used to wish that I had never married, that I had never had children.
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืชื—ืชื ืช ื•ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
15:42
If I hadn't gone to Ohio State and crossed paths with Tom,
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ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืื•ื”ื™ื• ื•ืคื•ื’ืฉืช ืืช ื˜ื•ื,
ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ืจื ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื”.
15:46
this child wouldn't have existed,
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15:47
and this terrible thing wouldn't have happened.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืœื“ืชื™
15:50
But I've come to feel that I love the children I had so much
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15:54
that I don't want to imagine a life without them.
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ืขื“ ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”ื.
15:57
I recognize the pain they caused to others,
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื›ืื‘ ืฉื”ื ื’ืจืžื• ืœืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ืื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืคืจื”,
16:00
for which there can be no forgiveness,
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16:02
but the pain they caused to me, there is," she said.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืื‘ ืฉื”ื ื’ืจืžื• ืœื™, ื™ืฉ ื•ื™ืฉ," ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”.
"ืื– ืืฃ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
16:06
"So while I recognize that it would have been better for the world
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16:09
if Dylan had never been born,
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ืื™ืœื• ื“ื™ืœืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืœื“,
16:12
I've decided that it would not have been better for me."
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ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™."
ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืžืคืชื™ืข ืื™ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
16:18
I thought it was surprising
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16:19
how all of these families had all of these children
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16:22
with all of these problems,
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16:24
problems that they mostly would have done anything to avoid,
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ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืจื‘ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข,
16:27
and that they had all found so much meaning in that experience of parenting.
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ืื™ืš ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืฆืื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
ื•ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื•, ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื,
16:31
And then I thought, all of us who have children
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16:34
love the children we have, with their flaws.
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ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•, ืขืœ ืคื’ืžื™ื”ื.
ืื ืื™ื–ื” ืžืœืืš ื ื•ืจื-ื”ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืจื“ ืžืชืงืจืช ื”ืกืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™
16:37
If some glorious angel suddenly descended through my living-room ceiling
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16:41
and offered to take away the children I have
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ื•ืžืฆื™ืข ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœื“ืชื™
16:43
and give me other, better children --
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ื•ืœืชืช ืœื™ ืื—ืจื™ื, ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ-- ืžื ื•ืžืกื™ื, ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื™ื, ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื, ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ--
16:45
more polite, funnier, nicer, smarter --
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16:49
(Laughter)
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ืฆืžื“ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื•ืžืชืคืœืœ ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื•ืฉืข ื”ื–ื” ื™ื™ืขืœื.
16:50
I would cling to the children I have and pray away that atrocious spectacle.
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘
16:55
And ultimately,
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16:56
I feel that in the same way that we test flame-retardant pajamas in an inferno
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ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ืฉืŸ ืคื™ื’'ืžื” ื—ืกื™ื ืช-ืืฉ,
17:00
to ensure they won't catch fire when our child reaches across the stove,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืขืœื” ื‘ืืฉ ื›ืฉื™ืœื“ื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ ืืœ ื”ื›ื™ืจื”,
17:05
so these stories of families negotiating these extreme differences
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ื›ืš ื’ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”
17:09
reflect on the universal experience of parenting,
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ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื•ืช,
17:11
which is always that sometimes, you look at your child, and you think,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชื• ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืืชื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืœื“ื›ื ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
ืžืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืช?
17:16
"Where did you come from?"
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17:18
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
17:20
It turns out that while each of these individual differences is siloed --
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื—ืจื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื”--
17:25
there are only so many families dealing with schizophrenia,
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ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืกื›ื™ื–ื•ืคืจื ื™ื”,
17:28
only so many families of children who are transgender,
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ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื˜ืจื ืกื’'ื ื“ืจื™ื™ื,
ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™-ืคืœื --
17:31
only so many families of prodigies --
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17:32
who also face similar challenges in many ways --
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ืฉื’ื ื”ืŸ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช--
17:35
there are only so many families in each of those categories.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืืœื”--
ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ
17:38
But if you start to think
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17:39
that the experience of negotiating difference within your family
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ืฉื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื—ืจื™ื’ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”
ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื•,
17:43
is what people are addressing,
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ืชื’ืœื• ืฉื–ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชื•ืคืขื” ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช.
17:45
then you discover that it's a nearly universal phenomenon.
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17:48
Ironically, it turns out,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืชื ื• ืขื ื”ื—ืจื™ื’
17:50
that it's our differences and our negotiation of difference
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17:53
that unite us.
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ื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืื—ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•.
17:55
I decided to have children while I was working on this project.
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื›ืฉืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื–ื ื”ื–ื”.
18:01
And many people were astonished and said,
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ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืชืคืœืื• ื•ืืžืจื•,
18:04
"But how can you decide to have children
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"ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื
ื›ืฉืืชื” ืœื•ืžื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื‘ืฉ?"
18:06
in the midst of studying everything that can go wrong?"
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18:10
And I said, "I'm not studying everything that can go wrong.
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ืขื ื™ืชื™, "ืื ื™ ืœื ืœื•ืžื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื‘ืฉ.
18:13
What I'm studying is how much love there can be,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืœื•ืžื“ ื›ืขืช ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื”ื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
18:16
even when everything appears to be going wrong."
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืฉืชื‘ืฉ."
18:21
I thought a lot about the mother of one disabled child I had seen,
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืื™ืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ ื ื›ื” ืื—ื“ ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™,
ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืขืœ ื ื›ื•ืช ืงืฉื” ืฉืžืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืคืœ.
18:27
a severely disabled child who died through caregiver neglect.
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18:30
And when his ashes were interred, his mother said,
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ื•ื›ืฉืืคืจื• ื ื˜ืžืŸ, ืืžืจื” ืื™ืžื•,
"ืื ื™ ืžืชืคืœืœืช ื›ืืŸ ืœืกืœื™ื—ื” ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื“ื“ืชื™ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื,
18:34
"I pray here for forgiveness for having been twice robbed:
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18:41
once of the child I wanted,
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ืคืขื ื ืฉืœืœ ืžืžื ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™, ื•ืคืขื - ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื”ื‘ืชื™."
18:44
and once of the son I loved."
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18:47
And I figured it was possible, then, for anyone to love any child,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืื ื›ืš, ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“
18:52
if they had the effective will to do so.
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ืื ื™ืจืฆื” ื‘ื›ืš.
ืื– ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื
18:55
So, my husband is the biological father of two children
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18:59
with some lesbian friends in Minneapolis.
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ืžื›ืžื” ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื™ื ื™ืืคื•ืœื™ืก.
ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื”ืงื•ืœื’' ืฉื”ืชื’ืจืฉื” ื•ืจืฆืชื” ืœืœื“ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
19:03
I had a close friend from college who'd gone through a divorce
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19:06
and wanted to have children.
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19:08
And so she and I have a daughter,
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ืื– ืœื” ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืช,
19:10
and mother and daughter live in Texas.
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ื•ื”ืื ื•ื”ื‘ืช ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืงืกืก.
19:12
And my husband and I have a son who lives with us all the time,
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ื•ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื’ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
19:15
of whom I am the biological father,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื• ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™,
ื•ื”ืื ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืงืื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื•ืจื”,
19:18
and our surrogate for the pregnancy was Laura,
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19:21
the lesbian mother of Oliver and Lucy in Minneapolis.
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ื”ืื ื”ืœืกื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืœื™ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื•ืกื™ ืžืžื™ื ื™ืืคื•ืœื™ืก.
19:24
(Laughter)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
19:26
So --
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19:27
(Applause)
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ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, 5 ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœ-4 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘-3 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
19:34
The shorthand is: five parents of four children in three states.
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19:38
(Laughter)
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19:39
And there are people who think that the existence of my family
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืขืฆื ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™
19:42
somehow undermines or weakens or damages their family.
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ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืžืขืจืขืจ ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื, ืžื—ืœื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื” ืื• ืžื–ื™ืง ืœื”.
19:47
And there are people who think that families like mine
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™
19:50
shouldn't be allowed to exist.
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ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื.
19:52
And I don't accept subtractive models of love,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื—ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”, ืืœื ืจืง ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื.
19:56
only additive ones.
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19:58
And I believe that in the same way that we need species diversity
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืžืžืฉ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ื
20:01
to ensure that the planet can go on,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœืžื ื•,
ื›ืš ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช
20:04
so we need this diversity of affection and diversity of family
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20:08
in order to strengthen the ecosphere of kindness.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื ื•,
20:13
The day after our son was born,
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20:15
the pediatrician came into the hospital room
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ืจื•ืคืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœื—ื“ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ื— ื•ืืžืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ืช.
20:17
and said she was concerned.
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20:19
He wasn't extending his legs appropriately.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืคื•ืฉื˜ ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืชืงื™ื ื”.
ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืฉื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืจืžื– ืขืœ ื ื–ืง ืžื•ื—ื™.
20:23
She said that might mean that he had brain damage.
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20:25
Insofar as he was extending them, he was doing so asymmetrically,
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื›ืŸ ืคืฉื˜ ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ื•, ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™,
20:29
which she thought could mean that there was a tumor of some kind in action.
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื” ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืจืžื– ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.
ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืจืืฉื• ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“, ื•ืœื“ืขืชื” ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืจืžื– ืขืœ ืžื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืจืืฉ.
20:33
And he had a very large head,
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20:34
which she thought might indicate hydrocephalus.
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20:37
And as she told me all of these things,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
20:39
I felt the very center of my being pouring out onto the floor.
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ื—ืฉืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆื ืœื™ื‘ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื™ ื ืฉืคื›ืช ืืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื”.
20:43
And I thought, "Here I had been working for years
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื
20:45
on a book about how much meaning people had found
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ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ืฉืžืชืืจ ื›ืžื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื
20:48
in the experience of parenting children who were disabled,
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ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื,
ื•ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื.
20:52
and I didn't want to join their number
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20:55
because what I was encountering was an idea of illness."
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ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืœื• ื ื™ืฆื‘ืชื™ ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื”,
20:58
And like all parents since the dawn of time,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžืื– ื•ืžืชืžื™ื“,
ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช.
21:01
I wanted to protect my child from illness.
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ื•ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ื’ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื”.
21:04
And I wanted, also, to protect myself from illness.
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21:07
And yet, I knew from the work I had done
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ื•ืขื ื–ืืช ื™ื“ืขืชื™, ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™,
ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืžื“ื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง,
21:10
that if he had any of the things we were about to start testing for,
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ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื–ืืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื”ื•ืชื•,
21:14
that those would ultimately be his identity,
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ื•ืื ืืœื” ื™ื™ืขืฉื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืชื•, ื”ื ื™ื™ืขืฉื• ื’ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืชื™,
21:17
and if they were his identity, they would become my identity,
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21:21
that that illness was going to take a very different shape as it unfolded.
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ื•ืฉื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืชืœื‘ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื“ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชืชืคืชื—.
21:25
We took him to the MRI machine, we took him to the CAT scanner,
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ืœืงื—ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืืœ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื ื˜ื™, ืœืงื—ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืกื•ืจืง ื”ืจื ื˜ื’ืŸ,
21:28
we took this day-old child and gave him over for an arterial blood draw.
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ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ-ื™ื•ืžื• ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืžืกืจื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืงื™ื—ืช ื“ื ืขื•ืจืงื™.
21:32
We felt helpless.
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ื—ืฉื ื• ื—ืกืจื™-ืื•ื ื™ื.
21:33
And at the end of five hours,
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ื•ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช,
ืืžืจื• ืœื ื• ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื• ื ืงื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™
21:35
they said that his brain was completely clear
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21:37
and that he was by then extending his legs correctly.
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ื•ืฉื›ืขืช ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืฉื˜ ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืจื— ืชืงื™ืŸ.
21:40
And when I asked the pediatrician what had been going on,
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ื•ื›ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืจื•ืคืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื” ืงืจื”,
21:43
she said she thought in the morning, he had probably had a cramp.
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ืขื ืชื” ืฉื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื.
21:47
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
21:51
But I thought --
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื›ืžื” ืฉืื™ืžื™ ืฆื“ืงื”.
21:52
(Laughter)
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21:56
I thought how my mother was right.
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21:58
I thought, "The love you have for your children
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืœืš ืœื™ืœื“ื™ืš
22:02
is unlike any other feeling in the world.
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ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉื•ื ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
22:05
And until you have children, you don't know what it feels like.
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ื•ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืš ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืœื ืชื“ืข ืžื”ื™ ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•.
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื›ื“ื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจืฉืช
22:12
I think children had ensnared me
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22:14
the moment I connected fatherhood with loss.
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืงื™ืฉืจืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ื”ื•ืช ื•ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ.
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื‘ื›ืš,
22:18
But I'm not sure I would have noticed that
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ืื™ืœื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื” ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืžื™ื–ื ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœื™.
22:20
if I hadn't been so in the thick of this research project of mine.
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22:25
I'd encountered so much strange love,
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ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช,
22:28
and I fell very naturally into its bewitching patterns.
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ื•ื ืกื—ืคืชื™ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืžื›ืฉืคื•ืช.
22:32
And I saw how splendor can illuminate even the most abject vulnerabilities.
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื™ืš ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืื™ืจ ื’ื ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืฉื•ืช.
ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 10 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืจืื™ืชื™ ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™
22:39
During these 10 years, I had witnessed and learned
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ืืช ื”ื—ื“ื•ื•ื” ื”ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืกื‘ืœืช,
22:43
the terrifying joy of unbearable responsibility,
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22:46
and I had come to see how it conquers everything else.
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ื•ื ื•ื›ื—ืชื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื ืฆื—ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ.
ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืจืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื˜ืคืฉื™ื,
22:50
And while I had sometimes thought the parents I was interviewing were fools,
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22:54
enslaving themselves to a lifetime's journey with their thankless children
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ืฉืžืฉืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืœืžืกืข ื ืฆื—ื™ ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื›ืคื•ื™ื™-ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื— ื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกื‘ืœ,
22:59
and trying to breed identity out of misery,
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ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืฉ-ืขืœื™ื”
23:02
I realized that day that my research had built me a plank
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ื•ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื”ื ืขืœ ืกืคื™ื ืชื.
23:07
and that I was ready to join them on their ship.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
23:10
Thank you.
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23:11
(Applause and cheers)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
23:20
Thank you.
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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