Where does creativity hide? | Amy Tan

456,017 views ใƒป 2008-04-23

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Smadar Prager ืžื‘ืงืจ: Shlomo Adam
00:18
The Value of Nothing: Out of Nothing Comes Something.
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ืขืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื•ื: ื™ืฉ ืžืื™ืŸ.
00:22
That was an essay I wrote when I was 11 years old
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืช 11
00:26
and I got a B+. (Laughter)
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ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื˜ื•ื‘+. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:28
What I'm going to talk about: nothing out of something, and how we create.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ: ื™ืฉ ืžืื™ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
00:32
And I'm gonna try and do that within
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื ืกื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช
00:34
the 18-minute time span that we were told to stay within,
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ื”-18 ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“,
00:39
and to follow the TED commandments:
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ื•ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช TED:
00:41
that is, actually, something that creates
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ืฉื”ืŸ, ื‘ืขืฆื, ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ
00:44
a near-death experience,
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ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืกืฃ-ืžื•ื•ืช,
00:46
but near-death is good for creativity.
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ืื‘ืœ ืกืฃ ืžื•ื•ืช ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
00:48
(Laughter) OK.
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง) ืื•-ืงื™ื™.
00:52
So, I also want to explain,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื’ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ,
00:54
because Dave Eggers said he was going to heckle me
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื™ื™ื‘ ืื’ืจืก ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืงื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™
00:57
if I said anything that was a lie, or not true to universal creativity.
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ืื ืื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืงืจ, ืื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช.
01:02
And I've done it this way for half the audience, who is scientific.
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ื•ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื–ืืช ื›ืš ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืงื”ืœ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ืขื ื™ื.
01:05
When I say we, I don't mean you, necessarily;
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืื ื—ื ื•, ืื ื™ ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืืชื;
01:09
I mean me, and my right brain, my left brain
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืืœื™, ื•ืœืžื•ื— ื”ื™ืžื ื™ ืฉืœื™, ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ืฉืœื™,
01:12
and the one that's in between that is the censor
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ื•ืœื–ื” ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื ื–ื•ืจ
01:14
and tells me what I'm saying is wrong.
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ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
01:16
And I'm going do that also by looking at
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื’ื ืข"ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช
01:19
what I think is part of my creative process,
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื—ืœืง ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™,
01:22
which includes a number of things that happened, actually --
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ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงืจื•, ื‘ืขืฆื --
01:25
the nothing started even earlier than the moment
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ื”ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื’ืข
01:28
in which I'm creating something new.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฆืจืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ.
01:31
And that includes nature, and nurture,
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืœื“, ื•ื”ื ืจื›ืฉ,
01:36
and what I refer to as nightmares.
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ื•ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ืกื™ื•ื˜ื™ื.
01:39
Now in the nature area, we look at whether or not
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžื•ืœื“, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื”ืื
01:43
we are innately equipped with something, perhaps
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžืœื™ื“ื”, ืื•ืœื™
01:46
in our brains, some abnormal chromosome
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ื‘ืžื•ื—ื™ื ื•, ื›ืžื” ื›ืจื•ืžื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื ืœื ืชืงื™ื ื™ื
01:49
that causes this muse-like effect.
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ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืืคืงื˜ ื“ืžื•ื™-ืžื•ื–ื” ื”ื–ื”.
01:53
And some people would say that we're born with it in some other means.
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ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ื–ื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
01:59
And others, like my mother,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืืžื ืฉืœื™,
02:01
would say that I get my material from past lives.
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ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื™ ืžื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื.
02:07
Some people would also say that creativity
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื’ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืฉื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช
02:10
may be a function of some other neurological quirk --
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ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื–ื• ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช --
02:15
van Gogh syndrome -- that you have a little bit of, you know, psychosis, or depression.
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ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื•ืืŸ-ื’ื•ืš -- ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืงืฆืช, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื–ื” ืื• ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ.
02:20
I do have to say, somebody -- I read recently
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื™ืฉื”ื• -- ืงืจืืชื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”
02:23
that van Gogh wasn't really necessarily psychotic,
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ืฉืœื•ืืŸ ื’ื•ืš ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ืคืจืขื” ื ืคืฉื™ืช,
02:26
that he might have had temporal lobe seizures,
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ื”ืชืงืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื” ื”ื˜ืžืคื•ืจืœื™ืช,
02:28
and that might have caused his spurt of creativity, and I don't --
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ื•ืฉืืœื” ืื•ืœื™ ื’ืจืžื• ืœื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ืื ื™ ืœื --
02:32
I suppose it does something in some part of your brain.
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ืื ื™ ืžืฉืขืจืช ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื—ืœืง ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš.
02:35
And I will mention that I actually developed
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ื•ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืคื™ืชื—ืชื™
02:37
temporal lobe seizures a number of years ago,
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ื”ืชืงืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื” ื”ื˜ืžืคื•ืจืœื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื,
02:41
but it was during the time I was writing my last book,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™,
02:44
and some people say that book is quite different.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื ื”.
02:48
I think that part of it also begins with a sense of identity crisis:
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื–ื” ื’ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื–ื”ื•ืช:
02:53
you know, who am I, why am I this particular person,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืžื™ ืื ื™, ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื”ื–ื”,
02:57
why am I not black like everybody else?
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ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืœื ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืœื?
03:02
And sometimes you're equipped with skills,
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื“ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช,
03:04
but they may not be the kind of skills that enable creativity.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
03:08
I used to draw. I thought I would be an artist.
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ืคืขื ืฆื™ื™ืจืชื™. ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื”ื™ื” ืืžื ื™ืช.
03:11
And I had a miniature poodle.
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืคื•ื“ืœ ื ื ืกื™.
03:13
And it wasn't bad, but it wasn't really creative.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจืข, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™.
03:15
Because all I could really do was represent in a very one-on-one way.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืื—ื“-ืขืœ-ืื—ื“.
03:20
And I have a sense that I probably copied this from a book.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื”ืขืชืงืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ.
03:24
And then, I also wasn't really shining in a certain area that I wanted to be,
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ื•ืื– ืื ื™ ื’ื ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื”ื‘ืจืงืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™,
03:30
and you know, you look at those scores, and it wasn't bad,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื•ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจืขื™ื,
03:34
but it was not certainly predictive that I would one day make
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืœื ื ื™ื‘ื ืฉื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืืชืคืจื ืก
03:38
my living out of the artful arrangement of words.
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ืžืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื.
03:42
Also, one of the principles of creativity is to have a little childhood trauma.
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื—ื“ ืžืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืงืฆืช ื˜ืจืื•ืžืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืช.
03:48
And I had the usual kind that I think a lot of people had,
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ื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื”,
03:52
and that is that, you know, I had expectations placed on me.
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ืขืžื™ืกื• ืขืœื™ ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช.
03:56
That figure right there, by the way,
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ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉื, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘,
03:59
figure right there was a toy given to me when I was but nine years old,
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ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืฆืขืฆื•ืข ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจืง ื‘ืช ืชืฉืข,
04:04
and it was to help me become a doctor from a very early age.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืคืื” ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžืื•ื“.
04:09
I have some ones that were long lasting: from the age of five to 15,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš: ืžื’ื™ืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืœ-15,
04:14
this was supposed to be my side occupation,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™,
04:17
and it led to a sense of failure.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ.
04:20
But actually, there was something quite real in my life
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื“ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™
04:23
that happened when I was about 14.
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ืฉืงืจื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืช 14.
04:25
And it was discovered that my brother, in 1967, and then my father,
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ื•ื”ืชื’ืœื” ืฉืœืื— ืฉืœื™, ื‘-1967, ื•ืื– ืœืื‘ื ืฉืœื™,
04:30
six months later, had brain tumors.
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ืฉืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื™ื• ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—.
04:32
And my mother believed that something had gone wrong,
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ื•ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ื”ืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืฉืชื‘ืฉ,
04:37
and she was gonna find out what it was, and she was gonna fix it.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืชื’ืœื” ืžื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”. ื•ื”ื™ื ืชืชืงืŸ ืืช ื–ื”.
04:40
My father was a Baptist minister, and he believed in miracles,
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ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืคื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื,
04:44
and that God's will would take care of that.
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ื•ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื‘ืฉืœื•ื.
04:47
But, of course, they ended up dying, six months apart.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื ืžืชื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื” ื–ื” ืžื–ื”.
04:50
And after that, my mother believed that it was fate, or curses
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื”, ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ื”ืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ืจืœ, ืื• ืงืœืœื•ืช
04:54
-- she went looking through all the reasons in the universe
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-- ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆืื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ื
04:57
why this would have happened.
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ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืงืจื”.
04:59
Everything except randomness. She did not believe in randomness.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžืงืจื™ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช.
05:04
There was a reason for everything.
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ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืกื™ื‘ื”.
05:06
And one of the reasons, she thought, was that her mother,
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ื•ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืืžื ืฉืœื”
05:08
who had died when she was very young, was angry at her.
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ืฉืžืชื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฆืขื™ืจื”, ื›ื•ืขืกืช ืขืœื™ื”.
05:13
And so, I had this notion of death all around me,
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ืงื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื™
05:16
because my mother also believed that I would be next, and she would be next.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืžื ืฉืœื™ ื’ื ื”ืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ, ื•ืฉื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™.
05:21
And when you are faced with the prospect of death very soon,
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ื•ื›ืฉืืช ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“,
05:24
you begin to think very much about everything.
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ืืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ.
05:29
You become very creative, in a survival sense.
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ืืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช, ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืชื™.
05:33
And this, then, led to my big questions.
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ื•ื–ื”, ืื–, ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
05:37
And they're the same ones that I have today.
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ื•ืืœื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื.
05:40
And they are: why do things happen, and how do things happen?
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ื•ื”ืŸ: ืœืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืื™ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื?
05:45
And the one my mother asked: how do I make things happen?
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ื•ื–ื• ืฉืืžื ืฉืœื™ ืฉืืœื”: ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช?
05:52
It's a wonderful way to look at these questions, when you write a story.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืจืš ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ื›ืฉืืช ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
05:57
Because, after all, in that framework, between page one and 300,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืžื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ืœ-300,
06:03
you have to answer this question of why things happen, how things happen,
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ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืœืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื, ืื™ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื,
06:07
in what order they happen. What are the influences?
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ืงื•ืจื™ื. ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช?
06:10
How do I, as the narrator, as the writer, also influence that?
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ื•ืื™ืš ืื ื™, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืžืกืคืจืช, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช, ื’ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื–ื”?
06:14
And it's also one that, I think, many of our scientists have been asking.
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ื•ื–ื• ื’ื ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื.
06:18
It's a kind of cosmology, and I have to develop a cosmology of my own universe,
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ื–ื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ืงืจ ื”ื™ืงื•ื, ื•ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื—ืงืจ ื”ื™ืงื•ื ืœืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื™,
06:24
as the creator of that universe.
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”.
06:26
And you see, there's a lot of back and forth
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ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ื˜ืขื™ื”
06:30
in trying to make that happen, trying to figure it out
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช, ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”
06:33
-- years and years, oftentimes.
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-- ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื ื™ื, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื.
06:37
So, when I look at creativity, I also think that it is this sense or this inability
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ืื– ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ืื ื™ ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื• ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ื•
06:44
to repress, my looking at associations in practically anything in life.
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ืœื”ื“ื—ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืืกื•ืฆื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
06:48
And I got a lot of them during what's been going on
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืŸ ืœืื•ืจืš ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”
06:52
throughout this conference,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื›ื ืก ื”ื–ื”,
06:55
almost everything that's been going on.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”.
06:57
And so I'm going to use, as the metaphor, this association:
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ, ื›ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื”, ื‘ืืกื•ืฆื™ืืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื•:
07:01
quantum mechanics, which I really don't understand,
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ืžื›ื ื™ืงืช ื”ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื, ืฉืื•ืชื” ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื”,
07:05
but I'm still gonna use it as the process
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš
07:07
for explaining how it is the metaphor.
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ืฉื™ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื”.
07:11
So, in quantum mechanics, of course, you have dark energy and dark matter.
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ืื– ื‘ืžื›ื ื™ืงืช ื”ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื›ื— ืืคืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืืคืœ.
07:18
And it's the same thing in looking at these questions of how things happen.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื.
07:22
There's a lot of unknown, and you often don't know what it is except by its absence.
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ืš ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืขื“ืจ.
07:28
But when you make those associations,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื”ืืกื•ืฆื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
07:30
you want them to come together in a kind of synergy in the story,
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ืืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ื ื™ืชืื—ื“ื• ื‘ืกื™ื ืจื’ื™ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
07:34
and what you're finding is what matters. The meaning.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืืช ืžื•ืฆืืช ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
07:38
And that's what I look for in my work, a personal meaning.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื—ืคืฉืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
07:42
There is also the uncertainty principle, which is part of quantum mechanics,
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ื™ืฉื ื• ื’ื ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ ื•ื“ืื•ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžื›ื ื™ืงืช ื”ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื,
07:47
as I understand it. (Laughter)
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื”. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:49
And this happens constantly in the writing.
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ื•ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”.
07:53
And there's the terrible and dreaded observer effect,
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื• ืืคืงื˜-ื”ืฆื•ืคื” ื”ื ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืื™ื•ื,
07:56
in which you're looking for something, and
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ืฉื‘ื• ืืช ืžื—ืคืฉืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื”,
07:58
you know, things are happening simultaneously,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช,
08:01
and you're looking at it in a different way,
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ื•ืืช ืžืกืชื›ืœืช ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช,
08:03
and you're trying to really look for the about-ness,
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ื•ืืช ืžื ืกื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื”-ื•ืช.
08:07
or what is this story about. And if you try too hard,
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ืื• ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”. ื•ืื ืืช ืžืฉืชื“ืœืช ืžื“ื™,
08:11
then you will only write the about.
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ืื– ื›ืœ ืฉืชื›ืชื‘ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื”.
08:14
You won't discover anything.
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ืœื ืชื’ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจ.
08:17
And what you were supposed to find,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืžืฆื•ื,
08:19
what you hoped to find in some serendipitous way,
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ืžื” ืฉืงื™ื•ื•ื™ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื, ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืงืจื™ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช,
08:22
is no longer there.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืฉื.
08:25
Now, I don't want to ignore
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื™ื ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืขืœื
08:27
the other side of what happens in our universe,
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ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื™ื ื•,
08:30
like many of our scientists have.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื•.
08:33
And so, I am going to just throw in string theory here,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื›ื ื™ืก ืœื›ืืŸ ืืช ืชืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืชืจื™ื,
08:36
and just say that creative people are multidimensional,
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ื•ืจืง ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ื”ื ืจื‘-ืžื™ื™ืžื“ื™ื™ื,
08:39
and there are 11 levels, I think, of anxiety.
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื ืื—ืช-ืขืฉืจื” ืจืžื•ืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉืœ ื—ืจื“ื”.
08:43
(Laughter) And they all operate at the same time.
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง) ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช.
08:47
There is also a big question of ambiguity.
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ื™ืฉื ื” ื’ื ืฉืืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™-ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
08:50
And I would link that to something called the cosmological constant.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืงืฉืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืงืจื•ื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ืงื•ืกืžื•ืœื•ื’.
08:56
And you don't know what is operating, but something is operating there.
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ื•ืื™ื ืš ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ืคื•ืขืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉื.
08:58
And ambiguity, to me, is very uncomfortable
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ื•ืื™-ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ื ื•ื—ื”
09:02
in my life, and I have it. Moral ambiguity.
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืื•ืชื”. ืื™-ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช.
09:05
It is constantly there. And, just as an example,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื“ืจืš-ืงื‘ืข. ื•ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžื,
09:09
this is one that recently came to me.
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ื–ื• ืื—ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืืœื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
09:12
It was something I read in an editorial by a woman
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงืจืืชื™ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืืช ืื™ืฉื”
09:14
who was talking about the war in Iraq. And she said,
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ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ืจืง. ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”,
09:18
"Save a man from drowning, you are responsible to him for life."
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"ื”ืžืฆื™ืœ ืื“ื ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืขื”, ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื."
09:21
A very famous Chinese saying, she said.
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ืืžืจื” ืกื™ื ื™ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช, ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”.
09:24
And that means because we went into Iraq, we should stay there
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœืขื™ืจืง, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืฉื
09:28
until things were solved. You know, maybe even 100 years.
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ืขื“ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืคืชืจื•. ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• 100 ืฉื ื”.
09:32
So, there was another one that I came across,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืช ืฉื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ื”,
09:37
and it's "saving fish from drowning."
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ื•ื”ื™ื "ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื“ื’ ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืขื”."
09:40
And it's what Buddhist fishermen say,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
09:42
because they're not supposed to kill anything.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืœื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ.
09:45
And they also have to make a living, and people need to be fed.
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ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ื’ื ืœื”ืชืคืจื ืก, ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ.
09:48
So their way of rationalizing that is they are saving the fish from drowning,
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ืื– ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื”ื ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื’ ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืขื”,
09:52
and unfortunately, in the process the fish die.
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ื•ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืช ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™.
09:55
Now, what's encapsulated in both these drowning metaphors
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื”
10:00
-- actually, one of them is my mother's interpretation,
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-- ื‘ืขืฆื, ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืืžื ืฉืœื™,
10:03
and it is a famous Chinese saying, because she said it to me:
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ื•ื–ื• ืืžืจื” ืกื™ื ื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ืื•ืชื”:
10:06
"save a man from drowning, you are responsible to him for life."
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"ื”ืžืฆื™ืœ ืื“ื ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืขื”, ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื."
10:09
And it was a warning -- don't get involved in other people's business,
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื–ื”ืจื” -- ืืœ ืชืชืขืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
10:13
or you're going to get stuck.
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ืื• ืฉืืช ืชืชืงืขื™.
10:15
OK. I think if somebody really was drowning, she'd save them.
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ืื•-ืงื™ื™. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ืข ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืฆื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื•.
10:19
But, both of these sayings -- saving a fish from drowning,
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืืžืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื“ื’ ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืขื”,
10:23
or saving a man from drowning -- to me they had to do with intentions.
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ืื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื“ื ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืขื”, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช.
10:27
And all of us in life, when we see a situation, we have a response.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืฆื‘, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”.
10:32
And then we have intentions.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช.
10:34
There's an ambiguity of what that should be that we should do,
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ื™ืฉ ืื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื”ื• ื–ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
10:39
and then we do something.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื”ื•.
10:41
And the results of that may not match what our intentions had been.
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืชื•ืืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ื•.
10:44
Maybe things go wrong. And so, after that, what are our responsibilities?
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ืื•ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฉืชื‘ืฉื•. ื•ื›ืš, ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื”, ืžื”ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•?
10:49
What are we supposed to do?
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ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
10:51
Do we stay in for life,
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ื”ืื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืฉื ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
10:53
or do we do something else and justify and say, well, my intentions were good,
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ืื• ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื•ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื•ืžืจ, ื ื•, ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
10:58
and therefore I cannot be held responsible for all of it?
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืขืœื™ ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื–ื”?
11:04
That is the ambiguity in my life
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื™ ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™
11:06
that really disturbed me, and led me to write a book called
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ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžืคืจื™ืขื” ืœื™, ื•ื’ืจืžื” ืœื™ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืกืคืจ ืฉื ืงืจื
11:10
"Saving Fish From Drowning."
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"ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื“ื’ ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืขื”".
11:12
I saw examples of that. Once I identified this question, it was all over the place.
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื›ืš ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช, ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื–ื™ื”ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
11:19
I got these hints everywhere.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืœื›ืš ืจืžื–ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืขื‘ืจ.
11:21
And then, in a way, I knew that they had always been there.
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ื•ืื–, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืฉื.
11:24
And then writing, that's what happens. I get these hints, these clues,
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ื•ืื– ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”. ืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืืช ื”ืจืžื–ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
11:27
and I realize that they've been obvious, and yet they have not been.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ืช ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืขื ื–ืืช ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื•.
11:34
And what I need, in effect, is a focus.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื”, ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ืงื•ื“.
11:38
And when I have the question, it is a focus.
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ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืืœื”, ื–ื” ืžื™ืงื•ื“.
11:40
And all these things that seem to be flotsam and jetsam in life actually go through
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื ื“ืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื ืกื—ืคื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืจืš
11:45
that question, and what happens is those particular things become relevant.
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•, ื•ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื–ื” ืฉืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื.
11:50
And it seems like it's happening all the time.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
11:52
You think there's a sort of coincidence going on, a serendipity,
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ื ื“ืžื” ืœืš ืฉื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ื›ืืŸ, ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืงืจื™,
11:55
in which you're getting all this help from the universe.
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ืฉื‘ื” ืืช ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื–ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื”ื™ื™ืงื•ื.
11:58
And it may also be explained that now you have a focus.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžื™ืงื•ื“.
12:01
And you are noticing it more often.
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ื•ืืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ื• ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:05
But you apply this.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื™ื™ืฉืžืช ืืช ื–ื”.
12:08
You begin to look at things having to do with your tensions.
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ืืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืชื—ื™ื ืฉืœืš.
12:11
Your brother, who's fallen in trouble, do you take care of him?
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ืื—ื™ืš, ืฉื ืคืœ ืœืฆืจื”, ื”ืื ืืช ื“ื•ืื’ืช ืœื•?
12:14
Why or why not?
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ืœืžื” ืื• ืœืžื” ืœื?
12:16
It may be something that is perhaps more serious
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ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื™ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ
12:20
-- as I said, human rights in Burma.
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-- ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืžื”.
12:23
I was thinking that I shouldn't go because somebody said, if I did, it would show
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืืœืš ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืฉืื ืืœืš, ื–ื” ื™ื™ืจืื”
12:27
that I approved of the military regime there.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื ื™ ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ืฉื.
12:30
And then, after a while, I had to ask myself,
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ื•ืื– ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”, ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™,
12:33
"Why do we take on knowledge, why do we take on assumptions
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"ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ื™ื“ืข, ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช
12:35
that other people have given us?"
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื ืชื ื• ืœื ื•?
12:38
And it was the same thing that I felt when I was growing up,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ืฉื’ื“ืœืชื™,
12:41
and was hearing these rules of moral conduct from my father,
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ื•ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ืžืื‘ื ืฉืœื™,
12:46
who was a Baptist minister.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืคื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™.
12:48
So I decided that I would go to Burma for my own intentions,
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉืืœืš ืœื‘ื•ืจืžื” ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ ืฉืœื™,
12:53
and still didn't know that if I went there,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืื ืืœืš ืœืฉื,
12:56
what the result of that would be, if I wrote a book --
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ืžื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื–ื” ืื ืื›ืชื•ื‘ ืกืคืจ --
12:59
and I just would have to face that later, when the time came.
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ื•ืืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ื›ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื‘ื•ื.
13:03
We are all concerned with things that we see in the world that we are aware of.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื.
13:08
We come to this point and say, what do I as an individual do?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืžื” ืื ื™ ื›ืคืจื˜ ืขื•ืฉื”?
13:13
Not all of us can go to Africa, or work at hospitals,
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ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
13:17
so what do we do, if we have this moral response, this feeling?
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ืื– ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•?
13:24
Also, I think one of the biggest things we are all looking at,
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื,
13:27
and we talked about today, is genocide.
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ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื›ื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื— ืขื.
13:30
This leads to this question.
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ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉืืœื” ื–ื•,
13:33
When I look at all these things that are morally ambiguous and uncomfortable,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื”ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ื•ืœื ื ื•ื—ื™ื,
13:38
and I consider what my intentions should be,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืงืœืช ืžื” ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
13:40
I realize it goes back to this identity question that I had when I was a child
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื–ื” ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืœืฉืืœืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ื”
13:45
-- and why am I here, and what is the meaning of my life,
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-- ื•ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ, ื•ืžื”ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™,
13:48
and what is my place in the universe?
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ื•ืžื”ื• ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืงื•ื?
13:50
It seems so obvious, and yet it is not.
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•, ื•ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช ื–ื” ืœื.
13:53
We all hate moral ambiguity in some sense,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื,
13:58
and yet it is also absolutely necessary.
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
14:02
In writing a story, it is the place where I begin.
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ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”.
14:06
Sometimes I get help from the universe, it seems.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืขื–ืจื” ืžื”ื™ื™ืงื•ื, ื›ื ืจืื”.
14:10
My mother would say it was the ghost of my grandmother from the very first book,
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ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ืชืืžืจ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืชื ืฉืœื™ ืžื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™,
14:13
because it seemed I knew things I was not supposed to know.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื“ืขืช.
14:16
Instead of writing that the grandmother died accidentally,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืกื‘ืชื ืžืชื” ื‘ืžืงืจื”,
14:19
from an overdose of opium, while having too much of a good time,
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ืžืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื™ื•ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื,
14:22
I actually put down in the story that the woman killed herself,
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ืื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืจื’ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื”,
14:27
and that actually was the way it happened.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืื™ืš ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื”.
14:29
And my mother decided that that information must have come from my grandmother.
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ื•ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืกื‘ืชื ืฉืœื™.
14:34
There are also things, quite uncanny,
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ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื“ื™ ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ื™ื,
14:37
which bring me information that will help me in the writing of the book.
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ืฉืžืกืคืงื™ื ืœื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
14:41
In this case, I was writing a story
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
14:43
that included some kind of detail, period of history, a certain location.
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ืฉื”ื›ื™ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื, ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ืžื™ืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื.
14:47
And I needed to find something historically that would match that.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉื™ืชืื™ื ืœื–ื”.
14:50
And I took down this book, and I --
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ื•ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืื ื™ --
14:52
first page that I flipped it to was exactly the setting, and the time period,
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ื”ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ืคืชื— ืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืจืงืข ื•ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”.
14:58
and the kind of character I needed -- was the Taiping rebellion,
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ื•ืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื“ ื”ื˜ืื™ืคื™ื ื’,
15:01
happening in the area near Guilin, outside of that,
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ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ื“ ืงื•ื•ืืœื™ืŸ, ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื–ื”,
15:05
and a character who thought he was the son of God.
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ื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
15:08
You wonder, are these things random chance?
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ืืช ืชื•ื”ื”, ื”ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื’ื•ืจืœ ืžืงืจื™?
15:11
Well, what is random? What is chance? What is luck?
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื”ื• ืžืงืจื™? ืžื”ื• ื’ื•ืจืœ? ืžื”ื• ืžื–ืœ?
15:15
What are things that you get from the universe that you can't really explain?
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ืžื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืช ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžื”ื™ื™ืงื•ื ืฉืืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ?
15:19
And that goes into the story, too.
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ื•ื’ื ื–ื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
15:21
These are the things I constantly think about from day to day.
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ืืœื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™.
15:24
Especially when good things happen,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื,
15:26
and, in particular, when bad things happen.
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ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“, ื›ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืขื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื.
15:30
But I do think there's a kind of serendipity,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืื™ื–ื” ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ,
15:32
and I do want to know what those elements are,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžื”ื ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช,
15:35
so I can thank them, and also try to find them in my life.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื, ื•ื’ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื—ื™ื™.
15:40
Because, again, I think that when I am aware of them, more of them happen.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืฉืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืœื”ื, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื.
15:44
Another chance encounter is when I went to a place
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ืžืคื’ืฉ ื’ื•ืจืœื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืžืงื•ื
15:48
-- I just was with some friends, and we drove randomly to a different place,
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-- ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืกื™ืขื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืืงืจืื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ,
15:52
and we ended up in this non-tourist location,
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ื•ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื-ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™,
15:56
a beautiful village, pristine.
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ื›ืคืจ ืžืงืกื™ื, ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™.
15:58
And we walked three valleys beyond,
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ื”ืชืจื—ืงื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื,
16:00
and the third valley, there was something quite mysterious and ominous,
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ื•ื”ื•ื•ืื“ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืžืฉื”ื• ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกืชื•ืจื™ ื•ืžื‘ืฉืจ ืจืขื•ืช,
16:03
a discomfort I felt. And then I knew that had to be [the] setting of my book.
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ืื™ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉืชื™. ื•ืื– ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืงืข ืœืกืคืจ ืฉืœื™.
16:09
And in writing one of the scenes, it happened in that third valley.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ื‘ื•ื•ืื“ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื–ื”.
16:12
For some reason I wrote about cairns -- stacks of rocks -- that a man was building.
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ืžืื™ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื’ืœืขื“ื™ื -- ืขืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื -- ืฉื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื‘ื ื”.
16:19
And I didn't know exactly why I had it, but it was so vivid.
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ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืžื” ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžืœื ื—ื™ื™ื.
16:22
I got stuck, and a friend, when she asked if I would go for a walk with her dogs,
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ื ืชืงืขืชื™, ื•ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืฉืืงื— ืืช ื”ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ,
16:27
that I said, sure. And about 45 minutes later,
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ืฉืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™, ื‘ื˜ื—. ื•ื‘ืขืจืš 45 ื“ืงื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
16:30
walking along the beach, I came across this.
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ื›ืฉืฆืขื“ืชื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ, ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ื–ื”.
16:34
And it was a man, a Chinese man,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื, ืื™ืฉ ืกื™ื ื™,
16:36
and he was stacking these things, not with glue, not with anything.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืจื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืœื ืขื ื“ื‘ืง, ืœื ืขื ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ.
16:39
And I asked him, "How is it possible to do this?"
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื™ ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”?
16:42
And he said, "Well, I guess with everything in life, there's a place of balance."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉืขื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื™ืฉื ื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ.
16:46
And this was exactly the meaning of my story at that point.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื”.
16:51
I had so many examples -- I have so many instances like this, when I'm writing a story,
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช -- ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
16:56
and I cannot explain it.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื”.
16:58
Is it because I had the filter that I have such a strong coincidence
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืžืกื ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ื–ื” ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ
17:02
in writing about these things?
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ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”?
17:05
Or is it a kind of serendipity that we cannot explain, like the cosmological constant?
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ืื• ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืืงืจืื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ, ื›ืžื• ืงื‘ื•ืข ืงื•ืกืžื•ืœื•ื’ื™?
17:12
A big thing that I also think about is accidents.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช.
17:15
And as I said, my mother did not believe in randomness.
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ืœื ื”ืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช.
17:18
What is the nature of accidents?
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ืžื”ื• ื˜ื‘ืขืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช?
17:20
And how are we going to assign what the responsibility and the causes are,
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ื•ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื” ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื” ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื,
17:24
outside of a court of law?
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ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื›ื•ืชืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜?
17:27
I was able to see that in a firsthand way,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ื›ื— ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™,
17:30
when I went to beautiful Dong village, in Guizhou, the poorest province of China.
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ื›ืฉื ืกืขืชื™ ืœื›ืคืจ ื“ื•ื ื’ ื”ื™ืคื”, ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื’'ื•ืื•, ื”ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืขื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ.
17:36
And I saw this beautiful place. I knew I wanted to come back.
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ืคื” ื”ื–ื”. ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื•ื‘.
17:38
And I had a chance to do that, when National Geographic asked me
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื›ืฉื ืฉื™ื•ื ืœ ื’'ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืง ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื™
17:41
if I wanted to write anything about China.
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ืื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ืกื™ืŸ.
17:43
And I said yes, about this village of singing people, singing minority.
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ื›ืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืจื™ื, ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืฉืจ.
17:48
And they agreed, and between the time I saw this place and the next time I went,
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื•, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™,
17:53
there was a terrible accident. A man, an old man, fell asleep,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืื•ื ื” ื ื•ืจืื™ืช. ืื™ืฉ, ืื™ืฉ ื–ืงืŸ, ื ืจื“ื,
17:57
and his quilt dropped in a pan of fire that kept him warm.
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ื•ื”ื›ืกืช ืฉืœื• ื ืฉืžื˜ื” ืœืžื—ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื—ืœื™ื ืฉื—ื™ืžื ืื•ืชื•.
18:00
60 homes were destroyed, and 40 were damaged.
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60 ื‘ืชื™ื ื ื”ืจืกื•, ื•-40 ื ื–ื•ืงื•.
18:06
Responsibility was assigned to the family.
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ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื˜ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”.
18:08
The man's sons were banished to live three kilometers away, in a cowshed.
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ื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื•ื’ืœื• ืœืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืฉื, ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืคืช.
18:12
And, of course, as Westerners, we say, "Well, it was an accident. That's not fair.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื‘, ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ื ื•, ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืื•ื ื”. ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ.
18:16
It's the son, not the father."
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ื–ื” ื”ื‘ืŸ, ืœื ื”ืื‘."
18:18
When I go on a story, I have to let go of those kinds of beliefs.
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืœืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”.
18:24
It takes a while, but I have to let go of them and just go there, and be there.
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ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืœื”ื ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื.
18:28
And so I was there on three occasions, different seasons.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
18:31
And I began to sense something different about the history,
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
18:35
and what had happened before, and the nature of life in a very poor village,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืงื•ื“ื, ื•ืื•ืคื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืขื ื™ ืžืื•ื“,
18:39
and what you find as your joys, and your rituals, your traditions, your links
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืืช ืžื•ืฆืืช ื–ื” ื”ืฉืžื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืš, ื•ื”ื˜ืงืกื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉืœืš, ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœืš
18:42
with other families. And I saw how this had a kind of justice, in its responsibility.
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ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื™ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืง ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
18:52
I was able to find out also about the ceremony that they were using,
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ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืงืก ืฉื”ื ื ื™ื”ืœื•,
18:57
a ceremony they hadn't used in about 29 years. And it was to send some men
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ื˜ืงืก ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›-29 ืฉื ื”. ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื
19:05
-- a Feng Shui master sent men down to the underworld on ghost horses.
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-- ืžืืกื˜ืจ ื‘ืคื ื’ ืฉื•ืื™ ืฉืœื— ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉืื•ืœ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืกื•ืกื™ื.
19:09
Now you, as Westerners, and I, as Westerners,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื, ื›ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื‘, ื•ืื ื™, ื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘,
19:12
would say well, that's superstition. But after being there for a while,
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ืชืืžืจื• ื ื•, ื–ื• ืืžื•ื ื” ื˜ืคืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”,
19:15
and seeing the amazing things that happened,
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืงืจื•,
19:18
you begin to wonder whose beliefs are those that are in operation in the world,
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ืืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ ื”ืŸ ืืœื” ืฉืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
19:23
determining how things happen.
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ืงื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืื™ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืงืจื•.
19:26
So I remained with them, and the more I wrote that story,
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ืื– ื ืฉืืจืชื™ ืื™ืชื, ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
19:29
the more I got into those beliefs, and I think that's important for me
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ื›ื›ื” ื ืฉืื‘ืชื™ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™
19:33
-- to take on the beliefs, because that is where the story is real,
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-- ืœื”ืคื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืืžื™ืชื™,
19:36
and that is where I'm gonna find the answers
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช
19:38
to how I feel about certain questions that I have in life.
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ืœืื™ืš ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
19:43
Years go by, of course, and the writing, it doesn't happen instantly,
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ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืคื•ืช, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื•ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื–ื” ืœื ืงื•ืจื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช,
19:46
as I'm trying to convey it to you here at TED.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœื›ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘-TED.
19:50
The book comes and it goes. When it arrives, it is no longer my book.
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ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ื ื•ื”ื•ืœืš. ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข, ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
19:55
It is in the hands of readers, and they interpret it differently.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื, ื•ื”ื ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืื—ืจืช.
19:59
But I go back to this question of, how do I create something out of nothing?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ, ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื™ืฉ ืžืื™ืŸ?
20:05
And how do I create my own life?
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ื•ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืœื™?
20:08
And I think it is by questioning,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช,
20:10
and saying to myself that there are no absolute truths.
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ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช.
20:15
I believe in specifics, the specifics of story,
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
20:19
and the past, the specifics of that past,
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ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจ, ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืขื‘ืจ,
20:22
and what is happening in the story at that point.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื”.
20:26
I also believe that in thinking about things --
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
20:29
my thinking about luck, and fate, and coincidences and accidents,
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ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ืžื–ืœ, ื•ื’ื•ืจืœ, ื•ืฆื™ืจื•ืคื™ ืžืงืจื™ื ื•ืชืื•ื ื•ืช,
20:33
God's will, and the synchrony of mysterious forces --
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ืื ื™ืจืฆื” ื”ืฉื, ื•ื‘ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ื™ื,
20:37
I will come to some notion of what that is, how we create.
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ืื ื™ ืืงื‘ืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ืฉื–ื”, ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
20:43
I have to think of my role. Where I am in the universe,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™. ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืงื•ื,
20:47
and did somebody intend for me to be that way, or is it just something I came up with?
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ืื™ืš ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื”ื™ื” ื›ื–ืืช, ืื• ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืžืฆืืชื™?
20:52
And I also can find that by imagining fully, and becoming what is imagined --
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ื•ืื ื™ ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืื ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืžื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ,
21:00
and yet is in that real world, the fictional world.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืขื•ืœื ืืžื™ืชื™, ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™.
21:03
And that is how I find particles of truth, not the absolute truth, or the whole truth.
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆืืช ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ ืืžืช, ืœื ืืžืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ืื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืช.
21:11
And they have to be in all possibilities,
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ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช,
21:13
including those I never considered before.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืœื” ืฉืœื ืœืงื—ืชื™ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื.
21:16
So, there are never complete answers.
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ืื– ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืœืžื•ืช.
21:19
Or rather, if there is an answer, it is to remind
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™, ืื ื™ืฉ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ
21:24
myself that there is uncertainty in everything,
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ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื™ ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
21:28
and that is good, because then I will discover something new.
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ื•ืฉื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื– ืื ื™ ืื’ืœื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื” ื—ื“ืฉ.
21:33
And if there is a partial answer, a more complete answer from me,
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ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช, ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™,
21:37
it is to simply imagine.
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ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ.
21:40
And to imagine is to put myself in that story,
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ื•ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
21:44
until there was only -- there is a transparency between me and the story that I am creating.
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ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืง -- ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจืช.
21:50
And that's how I've discovered that if I feel what is in the story
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ื•ื›ืš ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉืื ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
21:56
-- in one story -- then I come the closest, I think,
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-- ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ื“ -- ืื– ืื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช,
22:02
to knowing what compassion is, to feeling that compassion.
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ืœื“ืขืช ืžื”ื™ ื—ืžืœื”, ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืžืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
22:06
Because for everything,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
22:08
in that question of how things happen, it has to do with the feeling.
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ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืื™ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ืœืจื’ืฉ.
22:12
I have to become the story in order to understand a lot of that.
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ืขืœื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ-ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ื”.
22:18
We've come to the end of the talk,
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ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื”,
22:20
and I will reveal what is in the bag, and it is the muse,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื™ืง, ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžื•ื–ื”,
22:24
and it is the things that transform in our lives,
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•,
22:27
that are wonderful and stay with us.
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ืฉื”ื ื ืคืœืื™ื ื•ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืื™ืชื ื•.
22:37
There she is.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื.
22:38
Thank you very much!
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื!
22:40
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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