Poverty isn't a lack of character; it's a lack of cash | Rutger Bregman

Translator: Pras Haryanto Reviewer: Sarmoko Sarmoko

I'd like to start with a simple question:

Saya mulai dengan pertanyaan sederhana:

Why do the poor make so many poor decisions?

Mengapa orang miskin membuat banyak keputusan buruk?

I know it's a harsh question,

Pertanyaan ini terdengar kasar,

but take a look at the data.

tapi lihat data yang ada.

The poor borrow more, save less,

Hutang mereka banyak, tabungan sedikit,

smoke more, exercise less, drink more

perokok berat, jarang berolahraga, mabuk-mabukan,

and eat less healthfully.

dan makan makanan tak sehat.

Why?

Kenapa?

Well, the standard explanation

Penjelasan umumnya

was once summed up by the British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher.

pernah disimpulkan oleh Perdana Menteri Inggris, Margaret Thatcher

And she called poverty "a personality defect."

Beliau menjuluki kemiskinan sebagai "cacat kepribadian."

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

A lack of character, basically.

Dengan kata lain, kurangnya karakter.

Now, I'm sure not many of you would be so blunt.

Saya yakin kalian tak berpikir sedangkal itu.

But the idea that there's something wrong with the poor themselves

Tapi pendapat bahwa ada yang salah dengan orang miskin

is not restricted to Mrs. Thatcher.

bukan hanya pendapat Ibu Thatcher.

Some of you may believe that the poor should be held responsible

Sebagian berpendapat orang miskin harus bertanggung jawab

for their own mistakes.

atas kesalahan mereka sendiri.

And others may argue that we should help them to make better decisions.

Sebagian lagi merasa harus membantu orang miskin dalam pengambilan keputusan.

But the underlying assumption is the same:

Tapi asumsi dasarnya sama:

there's something wrong with them.

ada yang salah dengan mereka.

If we could just change them,

Seandainya kita bisa mengubah mereka,

if we could just teach them how to live their lives,

bisa mengajarkan bagaimana menjalani hidup,

if they would only listen.

andai saja mereka mau mendengar.

And to be honest,

Sejujurnya,

this was what I thought for a long time.

itu yang selama ini ada di pikiran saya.

It was only a few years ago that I discovered

Beberapa tahun yang lalu saya sadar,

that everything I thought I knew about poverty was wrong.

semua yang saya kira saya tahu tentang kemiskinan ternyata salah.

It all started when I accidentally stumbled upon a paper

Semuanya berawal saat saya tak sengaja membaca tulisan

by a few American psychologists.

dari beberapa psikolog Amerika.

They had traveled 8,000 miles, all the way to India,

Mereka berkelana sejauh 13.000 km ke India,

for a fascinating study.

demi sebuah penelitian unik.

And it was an experiment with sugarcane farmers.

Mereka bereksperimen dengan para petani tebu.

You should know that these farmers collect about 60 percent

Para petani ini mengumpulkan sekitar 60 persen sekaligus

of their annual income all at once,

dari penghasilan tahunan mereka,

right after the harvest.

tepat setelah hari panen.

This means that they're relatively poor one part of the year

Akibatnya, mereka miskin selama kurun waktu tertentu,

and rich the other.

dan kaya di lain waktu.

The researchers asked them to do an IQ test before and after the harvest.

Para peneliti meminta mereka mengambil tes IQ sebelum dan setelah panen.

What they subsequently discovered completely blew my mind.

Apa yang kemudian mereka temukan benar-benar mengejutkan saya.

The farmers scored much worse on the test before the harvest.

Nilai tes mereka jauh lebih buruk sebelum panen.

The effects of living in poverty, it turns out,

Ternyata, hidup dalam kemiskinan mengakibatkan

correspond to losing 14 points of IQ.

IQ mereka menurun 14 poin.

Now, to give you an idea,

Sebagai gambaran,

that's comparable to losing a night's sleep

itu sama dengan tidak tidur semalaman,

or the effects of alcoholism.

atau efek alkoholisme.

A few months later, I heard that Eldar Shafir,

Beberapa bulan kemudian, Eldar Shafir,

a professor at Princeton University and one of the authors of this study,

profesor di Universitas Princeton dan salah satu penulis penelitian ini,

was coming over to Holland, where I live.

mengunjungi Belanda, tempat tinggal saya.

So we met up in Amsterdam

Kami bertemu di Amsterdam

to talk about his revolutionary new theory of poverty.

untuk membahas teori kemiskinannya yang baru dan revolusioner.

And I can sum it up in just two words:

Saya bisa rangkumkan hanya dengan dua kata:

scarcity mentality.

Mentalitas kelangkaan.

It turns out that people behave differently

Ternyata, sikap manusia berbeda

when they perceive a thing to be scarce.

jika mereka merasa sesuatu itu langka.

And what that thing is doesn't much matter --

Tak penting sesuatu itu apa --

whether it's not enough time, money or food.

baik itu waktu, uang, maupun makanan.

You all know this feeling,

Kalian tahu perasaan ini,

when you've got too much to do,

saat pekerjaan Anda menumpuk,

or when you've put off breaking for lunch

atau saat Anda menunda makan siang

and your blood sugar takes a dive.

lalu gula darah Anda menurun.

This narrows your focus to your immediate lack --

Fokus Anda teralihkan ke hal-hal berjangka pendek --

to the sandwich you've got to have now,

roti yang harus Anda makan sekarang,

the meeting that's starting in five minutes

rapat yang akan segera dimulai,

or the bills that have to be paid tomorrow.

atau tagihan yang harus dibayar besok.

So the long-term perspective goes out the window.

Sehingga perspektif jangka panjang menjadi terbengkalai.

You could compare it to a new computer

Coba Anda bandingkan dengan komputer baru

that's running 10 heavy programs at once.

yang menjalankan 10 program berat sekaligus.

It gets slower and slower, making errors.

Komputer itu akan melambat dan bermasalah,

Eventually, it freezes --

dan pada akhirnya berhenti bekerja --

not because it's a bad computer,

bukan karena komputer itu jelek,

but because it has too much to do at once.

tapi karena banyaknya tugas yang dikerjakan sekaligus.

The poor have the same problem.

Orang miskin punya masalah yang sama.

They're not making dumb decisions because they are dumb,

Mereka membuat keputusan bodoh bukan karena mereka bodoh,

but because they're living in a context

tapi dengan situasi hidup yang demikian,

in which anyone would make dumb decisions.

siapa pun akan membuat keputusan bodoh.

So suddenly I understood

Tiba-tiba saya menjadi paham

why so many of our anti-poverty programs don't work.

kenapa program anti-kemiskinan tak berjalan.

Investments in education, for example, are often completely ineffective.

Investasi di bidang pendidikan seringkali tak efektif.

Poverty is not a lack of knowledge.

Kemiskinan bukan karena kurang pengetahuan.

A recent analysis of 201 studies

Analisis terkini dari 201 penelitian

on the effectiveness of money-management training

tentang keampuhan pelatihan mengatur uang

came to the conclusion that it has almost no effect at all.

menyimpulkan bahwa pelatihan itu kurang berhasil.

Now, don't get me wrong --

Jangan salah tangkap --

this is not to say the poor don't learn anything --

bukan berarti orang miskin tak belajar apa pun --

they can come out wiser for sure.

mereka tentu menjadi lebih bijak.

But it's not enough.

Tapi itu saja tak cukup.

Or as Professor Shafir told me,

Profesor Shafir pernah berkata,

"It's like teaching someone to swim

"Itu sama seperti mengajari seseorang berenang

and then throwing them in a stormy sea."

kemudian melemparnya ke laut berbadai."

I still remember sitting there,

Saya pun duduk,

perplexed.

merasa heran.

And it struck me

Kemudian saya sadar

that we could have figured this all out decades ago.

bahwa masalah ini bisa saja diselesaikan sejak dulu.

I mean, these psychologists didn't need any complicated brain scans;

Para psikolog itu tak perlu melakukan penelitian otak yang rumit;

they only had to measure the farmer's IQ,

mereka hanya perlu mengukur IQ para petani,

and IQ tests were invented more than 100 years ago.

dan tes IQ diciptakan lebih dari 100 tahun yang lalu.

Actually, I realized I had read about the psychology of poverty before.

Sebenarnya, saya pernah membaca tentang psikologi kemiskinan.

George Orwell, one of the greatest writers who ever lived,

George Orwell, salah satu penulis terhebat sepanjang masa,

experienced poverty firsthand in the 1920s.

mengalami sendiri kemiskinan pada tahun 1920-an.

"The essence of poverty," he wrote back then,

"Inti dari kemiskinan," tulisnya dulu,

is that it "annihilates the future."

adalah bahwa ia "membinasakan masa depan."

And he marveled at, quote,

Dan dia takjub, tanda kutip,

"How people take it for granted they have the right to preach at you

"Bagaimana orang-orang merasa mereka berhak berceramah

and pray over you

dan mendoakanmu

as soon as your income falls below a certain level."

segera setelah pendapatanmu jatuh ke angka tertentu."

Now, those words are every bit as resonant today.

Ucapan itu sangat benar di zaman sekarang.

The big question is, of course:

Pertanyaan besarnya:

What can be done?

Apa yang bisa dilakukan?

Modern economists have a few solutions up their sleeves.

Ahli ekonomi modern punya beberapa solusi.

We could help the poor with their paperwork

Kita bisa bantu orang miskin mengisi dokumen

or send them a text message to remind them to pay their bills.

atau mengingatkan lewat SMS agar membayar iuran mereka.

This type of solution is hugely popular with modern politicians,

Solusi sejenis itu sangat populer di kalangan politikus modern,

mostly because,

alasan utamanya karena,

well, they cost next to nothing.

mereka tak butuh banyak biaya.

These solutions are, I think, a symbol of this era

Solusi tersebut menyimbolkan zaman sekarang

in which we so often treat the symptoms,

yang seringkali kita mengobati gejala,

but ignore the underlying cause.

namun mengabaikan masalah pokoknya.

So I wonder:

Saya pun berpikir:

Why don't we just change the context in which the poor live?

Mengapa kita tak mengubah konteks kehidupan orang miskin?

Or, going back to our computer analogy:

Kembali lagi ke analogi komputer:

Why keep tinkering around with the software

Mengapa mengutak-atik perangkat lunaknya

when we can easily solve the problem by installing some extra memory instead?

sementara masalahnya bisa dipecahkan dengan memasang memori tambahan?

At that point, Professor Shafir responded with a blank look.

Saat itu, Profesor Shafir merespons dengan tatapan kosong.

And after a few seconds, he said,

Katanya beberapa detik kemudian,

"Oh, I get it.

"Aku mengerti.

You mean you want to just hand out more money to the poor

Kau ingin membagikan lebih banyak uang kepada orang miskin

to eradicate poverty.

untuk membasmi kemiskinan.

Uh, sure, that'd be great.

Ide yang bagus, tentu saja.

But I'm afraid that brand of left-wing politics

Sayangnya, politik sayap kiri semacam itu,

you've got in Amsterdam --

yang ada di Amsterdam --

it doesn't exist in the States."

tidak ada di Amerika Serikat."

But is this really an old-fashioned, leftist idea?

Tapi apakah ini benar-benar ide sayap kiri yang kuno?

I remembered reading about an old plan --

Saya pernah membaca wacana kuno --

something that has been proposed by some of history's leading thinkers.

yang diusulkan oleh beberapa filsuf sejarah terkemuka.

The philosopher Thomas More first hinted at it in his book, "Utopia,"

Filsuf Thomas Moore pertama kali menulis di bukunya, "Utopia,"

more than 500 years ago.

lebih dari 500 tahun yang lalu.

And its proponents have spanned the spectrum from the left to the right,

Gagasan ini didukung pihak sayap kiri hingga kanan,

from the civil rights campaigner, Martin Luther King,

mulai dari aktivis hak sipil, Martin Luther King,

to the economist Milton Friedman.

hingga ahli ekonomi MIlton Friedman.

And it's an incredibly simple idea:

Gagasan ini sangat sederhana:

basic income guarantee.

jaminan pendapatan dasar.

What it is?

Apa itu?

Well, that's easy.

Mudah saja.

It's a monthly grant, enough to pay for your basic needs:

Tunjangan bulanan, cukup untuk membayar kebutuhan pokok:

food, shelter, education.

makanan, rumah, pendidikan.

It's completely unconditional,

Tunjangan ini tak bersyarat,

so no one's going to tell you what you have to do for it,

tak peduli apa pun pekerjaan Anda,

and no one's going to tell you what you have to do with it.

dan tak peduli Anda mau habiskan untuk apa.

The basic income is not a favor, but a right.

Pendapatan dasar bukan bantuan, tetapi hak.

There's absolutely no stigma attached.

Tak ada stigma yang menempel.

So as I learned about the true nature of poverty,

Saat saya mempelajari ciri-ciri kemiskinan yang sejati,

I couldn't stop wondering:

Saya terus berpikir:

Is this the idea we've all been waiting for?

Apakah ini gagasan yang kita semua nantikan?

Could it really be that simple?

Mungkinkah ini sesederhana itu?

And in the three years that followed,

Dalam tiga tahun berikutnya,

I read everything I could find about basic income.

saya membaca dengan giat mengenai pendapatan dasar.

I researched the dozens of experiments

Saya meneliti puluhan eksperimen

that have been conducted all over the globe,

yang diadakan di seluruh penjuru dunia,

and it didn't take long before I stumbled upon a story of a town

dan tak lama, saya membaca kisah sebuah kota

that had done it -- had actually eradicated poverty.

yang berhasil membasmi kemiskinan.

But then ...

Tetapi...

nearly everyone forgot about it.

hampir semua orang melupakannya.

This story starts in Dauphin, Canada.

Kisah ini dimulai di Dauphin, Kanada.

In 1974, everybody in this small town was guaranteed a basic income,

Tahun 1974, semua orang di kota kecil ini diberi jaminan pendapatan dasar,

ensuring that no one fell below the poverty line.

sehingga tak ada yang jatuh ke dalam garis kemiskinan.

At the start of the experiment,

Di awal eksperimen tersebut,

an army of researchers descended on the town.

sekelompok peneliti menetap di kota itu.

For four years, all went well.

Selama empat tahun, semua baik-baik saja.

But then a new government was voted into power,

Tetapi, sesudah pemerintah baru berkuasa,

and the new Canadian cabinet saw little point to the expensive experiment.

kabinet Kanada yang baru merasa eksperimen mahal itu tak bermanfaat.

So when it became clear there was no money left to analyze the results,

Akibat tak cukup uang untuk menganalisis hasilnya,

the researchers decided to pack their files away in some 2,000 boxes.

para peneliti tersebut mengemas berkas mereka ke dalam 2.000 kotak.

Twenty-five years went by,

25 tahun kemudian,

and then Evelyn Forget, a Canadian professor,

Evelyn Forget, seorang profesor Kanada,

found the records.

menemukan berkas itu.

For three years, she subjected the data to all manner of statistical analysis,

Selama 3 tahun, ia menganalisis data itu dengan berbagai statistik,

and no matter what she tried,

dan tak peduli bagaimana caranya,

the results were the same every time:

hasilnya selalu sama setiap saat:

the experiment had been a resounding success.

eksperimen itu merupakan suatu kesuksesan yang besar.

Evelyn Forget discovered

Evelyn Forget menemukan

that the people in Dauphin had not only become richer

bahwa penduduk Dauphin menjadi lebih kaya,

but also smarter and healthier.

lebih cerdas, dan lebih sehat.

The school performance of kids improved substantially.

Prestasi anak-anak di sekolah meningkat tajam.

The hospitalization rate decreased by as much as 8.5 percent.

Pasien rumah sakit menurun hingga 8,5 persen.

Domestic violence incidents were down,

Kekerasan rumah tangga berkurang,

as were mental health complaints.

demikian juga masalah kesehatan jiwa.

And people didn't quit their jobs.

Orang-orang tak berhenti dari pekerjaan.

The only ones who worked a little less were new mothers and students --

Satu-satunya yang bekerja lebih jarang adalah ibu baru dan para murid --

who stayed in school longer.

mereka bersekolah lebih tinggi.

Similar results have since been found

Hasil yang sama juga ditemukan

in countless other experiments around the globe,

di berbagai eksperimen di seluruh penjuru dunia,

from the US to India.

dari AS hingga India.

So ...

Jadi ...

here's what I've learned.

inilah yang saya pelajari.

When it comes to poverty,

Berbicara tentang kemiskinan,

we, the rich, should stop pretending we know best.

kita, orang kaya, harus berhenti berpura-pura bahwa kita tahu yang terbaik.

We should stop sending shoes and teddy bears to the poor,

Berhentilah mengirim sepatu dan boneka untuk orang miskin,

to people we have never met.

yang bahkan tak kalian kenal.

And we should get rid of the vast industry of paternalistic bureaucrats

Kita harus memberantas para birokrat yang "peduli",

when we could simply hand over their salaries

yang mana seharusnya gaji mereka disalurkan

to the poor they're supposed to help.

bagi orang miskin yang butuh bantuan.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

Because, I mean, the great thing about money

Hal yang hebat dari uang adalah

is that people can use it to buy things they need

kita bisa menggunakannya untuk beli barang

instead of things that self-appointed experts think they need.

bukannya kebutuhan yang ditentukan para ahli gadungan.

Just imagine how many brilliant scientists and entrepreneurs and writers,

Begitu banyak ilmuwan, wirausahawan, dan penulis yang brilian,

like George Orwell,

seperti George Orwell,

are now withering away in scarcity.

kini semakin langka.

Imagine how much energy and talent we would unleash

Bayangkan energi dan bakat yang bisa kita lahirkan

if we got rid of poverty once and for all.

jika kita menghapus kemiskinan untuk selama-lamanya.

I believe that a basic income would work like venture capital for the people.

Saya percaya pendapatan dasar berfungsi layaknya modal ventura.

And we can't afford not to do it,

Dan kita harus menjalankannya,

because poverty is hugely expensive.

karena kemiskinan sangatlah mahal.

Just look at the cost of child poverty in the US, for example.

Contohnya, lihat biaya kemiskinan untuk anak-anak di US.

It's estimated at 500 billion dollars each year,

Sekitar 500 milyar dolar dihabiskan tiap tahunnya,

in terms of higher health care spending, higher dropout rates,

untuk biaya kesehatan, angka putus sekolah yang lebih tinggi,

and more crime.

dan kriminalitas yang tinggi.

Now, this is an incredible waste of human potential.

Potensi manusia menjadi sia-sia.

But let's talk about the elephant in the room.

Mari membahas masalah pokoknya saja.

How could we ever afford a basic income guarantee?

Bagaimana kita bisa membiayai jaminan pendapatan dasar?

Well, it's actually a lot cheaper than you may think.

Sebenarnya ini jauh lebih murah dari yang Anda pikirkan.

What they did in Dauphin is finance it with a negative income tax.

Di Dauphin, mereka membiayainya dengan pajak pendapatan negatif.

This means that your income is topped up

Pendapatan Anda akan ditambah

as soon as you fall below the poverty line.

begitu Anda berada di bawah garis kemiskinan.

And in that scenario,

Dalam skenario tersebut,

according to our economists' best estimates,

menurut perkiraan para ahli ekonomi,

for a net cost of 175 billion --

dengan biaya bersih sebesar 175 milyar --

a quarter of US military spending, one percent of GDP --

seperempat dari pengeluaran militer AS, satu persen dari PDB --

you could lift all impoverished Americans above the poverty line.

Anda bisa membebaskan semua rakyat -- Amerika dari garis kemiskinan.

You could actually eradicate poverty.

Anda bisa membasmi kemiskinan.

Now, that should be our goal.

Ini harus menjadi tujuan kita.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

The time for small thoughts and little nudges is past.

Bukan waktunya lagi memikirkan ide-ide kecil.

I really believe that the time has come for radical new ideas,

Saya sangat yakin ide baru yang radikal telah tiba,

and basic income is so much more than just another policy.

dan pendapatan dasar jauh lebih dari sekadar kebijakan.

It is also a complete rethink of what work actually is.

Ini sekaligus memikirkan ulang fungsi pekerjaan.

And in that sense,

Dalam pengertian tersebut,

it will not only free the poor,

tak hanya orang miskin saja,

but also the rest of us.

kita semua juga terbebas.

Nowadays, millions of people feel

Dewasa ini, jutaan orang merasa

that their jobs have little meaning or significance.

pekerjaan mereka tak begitu berarti atau berguna.

A recent poll among 230,000 employees

Berdasarkan survei terkini terhadap 230.000 karyawan

in 142 countries

di 142 negara,

found that only 13 percent of workers actually like their job.

hanya 13 persen pekerja suka pekerjaan mereka.

And another poll found that as much as 37 percent of British workers

Survei lain menemukan bahwa sebanyak 37 persen pekerja di Inggris

have a job that they think doesn't even need to exist.

punya pekerjaan yang menurut mereka tak perlu ada.

It's like Brad Pitt says in "Fight Club,"

Seperti kata Brad Pitt di "Fight Club,"

"Too often we're working jobs we hate so we can buy shit we don't need."

"Kita melakukan pekerjaan yang kita benci demi membeli hal-hal tak berguna."

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

Now, don't get me wrong --

Jangan salah tangkap --

I'm not talking about the teachers and the garbagemen

Saya bukan membahas para guru, tukang sampah

and the care workers here.

dan perawat di sini.

If they stopped working,

Jika mereka berhenti bekerja,

we'd be in trouble.

kita akan mendapat masalah.

I'm talking about all those well-paid professionals with excellent résumés

Saya membahas para ahli bergaji dan berprestasi tinggi

who earn their money doing ...

yang mendapat uang dengan mengadakan

strategic transactor peer-to-peer meetings

rapat strategis antara berbagai pihak

while brainstorming the value add-on of disruptive co-creation

sementara berpikir apa gunanya mempertemukan mereka

in the network society.

di komunitas jejaring.

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

Or something like that.

Kira-kira seperti itu.

Just imagine again how much talent we're wasting,

Bayangkan seberapa besar bakat yang kita sia-siakan,

simply because we tell our kids they'll have to "earn a living."

hanya karena kita menasihati anak-anak kita agar "bekerja demi hidup."

Or think of what a math whiz working at Facebook lamented a few years ago:

Kata seorang ahli matematika yang bekerja di Facebook:

"The best minds of my generation

"Orang-orang terpintar di generasiku

are thinking about how to make people click ads."

memikirkan cara-cara agar orang mengeklik iklan."

I'm a historian.

Saya adalah ahli sejarah.

And if history teaches us anything,

Sejarah mengajarkan kita

it is that things could be different.

bahwa segalanya bisa saja berbeda.

There is nothing inevitable

Tak ada yang tak mungkin

about the way we structured our society and economy right now.

bagaimana kita menyusun masyarakat dan ekonomi kita saat ini.

Ideas can and do change the world.

Gagasan mampu mengubah dunia.

And I think that especially in the past few years,

Saya berbendapat bahwa beberapa tahun belakangan ini,

it has become abundantly clear

sudah sangat jelas bahwa

that we cannot stick to the status quo --

kita tak bisa mengandalkan status quo --

that we need new ideas.

kita butuh gagasan baru.

I know that many of you may feel pessimistic

Saya tahu banyak dari Anda mungkin merasa pesimis

about a future of rising inequality,

akan ketidaksetaraan yang semakin bertumbuh,

xenophobia

xenofobia,

and climate change.

dan perubahan iklim.

But it's not enough to know what we're against.

Tapi, menentang saja tak cukup.

We also need to be for something.

Kita harus mendukung sesuatu.

Martin Luther King didn't say, "I have a nightmare."

Martin Luther tak berkata, "Saya punya mimpi buruk."

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

He had a dream.

Beliau punya impian.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

So ...

Jadi ...

here's my dream:

inilah impian saya:

I believe in a future

Saya percaya masa depan;

where the value of your work is not determined

pada masa nilai pekerjaan Anda tak ditentukan

by the size of your paycheck,

oleh seberapa besar gaji Anda,

but by the amount of happiness you spread

namun oleh kebahagiaan yang Anda sebarkan

and the amount of meaning you give.

dan nilai-nilai yang Anda berikan.

I believe in a future

Saya percaya masa depan

where the point of education is not to prepare you for another useless job

dengan pendidikan bukan untuk menyiapkan diri untuk pekerjaan tak berguna

but for a life well-lived.

tapi demi kehidupan yang baik.

I believe in a future

Saya percaya masa depan

where an existence without poverty is not a privilege

dengan hidup tanpa kemiskinan bukan merupakan hak istimewa,

but a right we all deserve.

tetapi hak yang kita semua patut terima.

So here we are.

Jadi inilah kita.

Here we are.

Inilah kita.

We've got the research, we've got the evidence

Kita punya penelitiannya, buktinya,

and we've got the means.

beserta sarananya.

Now, more than 500 years after Thomas More first wrote about a basic income,

Sudah 500 tahun lebih sejak Thomas Moore menulis tentang pendapatan dasar,

and 100 years after George Orwell discovered the true nature of poverty,

dan 100 tahun sejak George Orwell menulis ciri-ciri kemiskinan yang sejati.

we all need to change our worldview,

kita semua harus mengubah pandangan dunia kita,

because poverty is not a lack of character.

karena kurangnya karakter tak menyebabkan kemiskinan.

Poverty is a lack of cash.

Kemiskinan adalah kekurangan uang.

Thank you.

Terima kasih.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)