Poverty isn't a lack of character; it's a lack of cash | Rutger Bregman

1,790,222 views ・ 2017-06-13

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Ju Hye Lim κ²€ν† : Seo-Ho Cho
00:13
I'd like to start with a simple question:
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κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 질문으둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
Why do the poor make so many poor decisions?
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μ™œ κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ‚˜μœ 결정을 λ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
00:23
I know it's a harsh question,
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λ§€μ •ν•œ 질문인 κ±° μ•Œμ•„μš”.
00:25
but take a look at the data.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 데이터λ₯Ό λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:27
The poor borrow more, save less,
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κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 더 λŒ€μΆœλ°›κ³  덜 μ €κΈˆν•˜κ³ 
00:29
smoke more, exercise less, drink more
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담배와 μˆ μ„ 더 많이 ν•˜κ³  덜 μš΄λ™ν•˜κ³ 
00:31
and eat less healthfully.
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덜 κ±΄κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ λ¨Ήμ–΄μš”.
00:34
Why?
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μ™œμΌκΉŒμš”?
00:36
Well, the standard explanation
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기본적인 ν•΄μ„μœΌλ‘œ
00:37
was once summed up by the British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher.
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영ꡭ μˆ˜μƒμΈ λ§ˆκ°€λ › λŒ€μ²˜κ°€ μ •λ¦¬ν•œ 말이 있죠.
00:41
And she called poverty "a personality defect."
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” κ°€λ‚œμ„ "인격적 결함" 이라고 λΆˆλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:46
A lack of character, basically.
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인성이 λͺ¨μžλΌλ‹€λŠ” 뜻이죠.
00:49
Now, I'm sure not many of you would be so blunt.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 직섀적이지 μ•Šκ² μ§€λ§Œ
00:54
But the idea that there's something wrong with the poor themselves
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κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒ λ³ΈμΈμ—κ²Œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 생각은
00:58
is not restricted to Mrs. Thatcher.
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λ§ˆκ°€λ › λŒ€μ²˜λ§Œμ˜ 생각이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
Some of you may believe that the poor should be held responsible
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑 λˆ„κ΅°κ°€λŠ” κ°€λ‚œν•œ 이가 자기 μ‹€μˆ˜μ— μ±…μž„μ„ μ Έμ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³ 
01:04
for their own mistakes.
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λ―Ώκ³  계싀 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
01:06
And others may argue that we should help them to make better decisions.
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그리고 ν˜ΉμžλŠ” 그듀이 더 λ‚˜μ€ 선택을 ν•˜κ²Œ λ„μ™€μ€˜μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
01:10
But the underlying assumption is the same:
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ 밑에 κΉ”λ¦° μ „μ œλŠ” λ˜‘κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
there's something wrong with them.
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κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆλ‹€.
01:17
If we could just change them,
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κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚¬ 수 있으면
01:19
if we could just teach them how to live their lives,
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인생을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚΄μ•„μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μ³μ€„ 수 있으면
01:22
if they would only listen.
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그듀이 κ·€λ₯Ό 기울이면 될텐데.
01:25
And to be honest,
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μ†”μ§νžˆ λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄
01:26
this was what I thought for a long time.
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저도 μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
It was only a few years ago that I discovered
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μ œκ°€ κ°€λ‚œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것이 ν‹€λ Έλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ
01:33
that everything I thought I knew about poverty was wrong.
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깨달은 μ§€λŠ” λͺ‡ 년이 채 λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
It all started when I accidentally stumbled upon a paper
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μ œκ°€ λͺ‡ λͺ…μ˜ 미ꡭ인 μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μ“΄ 논문을
01:40
by a few American psychologists.
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μš°μ—°νžˆ 보게 λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ–„μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
01:42
They had traveled 8,000 miles, all the way to India,
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이 μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μžλ“€μ€ ν₯미둜운 연ꡬλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μΈλ„κΉŒμ§€
01:44
for a fascinating study.
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12900kmλ₯Ό μ—¬ν–‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
And it was an experiment with sugarcane farmers.
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μ‚¬νƒ•μˆ˜μˆ˜ 농뢀듀에 κ΄€ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:50
You should know that these farmers collect about 60 percent
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•„μ…”μ•Όν•  게 μžˆλŠ”λ°, 이 농뢀듀은 μ—°μˆ˜μž…μ˜ 60%λ₯Ό
01:54
of their annual income all at once,
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ν•œκΊΌλ²ˆμ— λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
right after the harvest.
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μΆ”μˆ˜ μ§ν›„μ—μš”.
01:57
This means that they're relatively poor one part of the year
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λŠ” 건 이 농뢀듀이 1λ…„ 쀑 ν•œ 기간은 μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°€λ‚œν•˜κ³ 
02:01
and rich the other.
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ν•œ 기간은 λΆ€μœ ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
The researchers asked them to do an IQ test before and after the harvest.
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연ꡬ원듀은 농뢀듀이 μΆ”μˆ˜ μ „κ³Ό 후에 IQν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈλ₯Ό λ°›κ²Œ ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:09
What they subsequently discovered completely blew my mind.
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그듀이 λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 사싀은 λ†€λΌμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
The farmers scored much worse on the test before the harvest.
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μΆ”μˆ˜ μ „ λ†λΆ€λ“€μ˜ IQκ°€ 훨씬 더 μ•ˆ μ’‹μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
The effects of living in poverty, it turns out,
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빈곀 μ†μ—μ„œ μ‚¬λŠ” κ²ƒμ˜ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ”
02:22
correspond to losing 14 points of IQ.
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14점의 IQλ₯Ό μžƒλŠ” 것과 κ°™μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
Now, to give you an idea,
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μ’€ 더 μ‰½κ²Œ μ΄ν•΄μ‹œμΌœλ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄
02:27
that's comparable to losing a night's sleep
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μž μ„ ν•˜λ£»λ°€ λͺ» μžλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄λ‚˜ μ•Œμ½œ μ€‘λ…μ˜ 영ν–₯κ³Ό
02:30
or the effects of alcoholism.
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λ˜‘κ°™μ€ μˆ˜μ€€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
A few months later, I heard that Eldar Shafir,
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λͺ‡ 달 후에 μ €λŠ” ν”„λ¦°μŠ€ν„΄λŒ€ ꡐ수이자
02:36
a professor at Princeton University and one of the authors of this study,
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이 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μ €μž 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ μ—˜λ‹€ 샀퍼가
02:40
was coming over to Holland, where I live.
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μ œκ°€ μ‚¬λŠ” λ„€λœλž€λ“œμ— μ˜¨λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
So we met up in Amsterdam
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ•”μŠ€ν…Œλ₯΄λ‹΄μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ‚˜
02:44
to talk about his revolutionary new theory of poverty.
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κ°€λ‚œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 그의 혁λͺ…적인 μƒˆ 이둠에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ΄μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
And I can sum it up in just two words:
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κ·Έ λŒ€ν™”λŠ” 두 λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œ μš”μ•½λ  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
02:51
scarcity mentality.
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결핍 관념.
02:54
It turns out that people behave differently
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 무언가λ₯Ό λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜λ‹€κ³  인식할 λ•Œ
02:56
when they perceive a thing to be scarce.
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λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ ν–‰λ™ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
And what that thing is doesn't much matter --
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κ·Έ 무엇이 λ¬΄μ—‡μΈμ§€λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
03:01
whether it's not enough time, money or food.
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λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ 게 μ‹œκ°„μ΄λ“  λˆμ΄λ“  μŒμ‹μ΄λ“  μƒκ΄€μ—†μ–΄μš”.
03:04
You all know this feeling,
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λ‹€λ“€ 이 κΈ°λΆ„ μ•„μ‹œμž–μ•„μš”.
03:06
when you've got too much to do,
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ν•  일이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žμ„ λ•Œλ‚˜
03:08
or when you've put off breaking for lunch
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점심 μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ―Έλ€„μ„œ
03:10
and your blood sugar takes a dive.
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ν˜ˆλ‹Ήμ΄ λ–¨μ–΄μ‘Œμ„ λ•Œμš”.
03:12
This narrows your focus to your immediate lack --
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이것은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μ‹œμ•Όλ₯Ό λ‹Ήμž₯의 κ²°ν•μœΌλ‘œ μ’ν˜€λ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
to the sandwich you've got to have now,
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μ§€κΈˆ λ‹Ήμž₯ λ¨Ήμ–΄μ•Όκ² λŠ” μƒŒλ“œμœ„μΉ˜λ‚˜
03:17
the meeting that's starting in five minutes
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5λΆ„ 뒀에 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” νšŒμ˜λ‚˜
03:19
or the bills that have to be paid tomorrow.
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내일 λ‚΄μ•Όν•˜λŠ” κ³ μ§€μ„œλ‘œμš”.
03:22
So the long-term perspective goes out the window.
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μž₯기적인 μ‹œκ°μ€ μ°½ λ°–μœΌλ‘œ 날아가버리죠.
03:27
You could compare it to a new computer
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10개의 μ–΄λ €μš΄ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ ν•œκΊΌλ²ˆμ— 돌리고 μžˆλŠ”
03:30
that's running 10 heavy programs at once.
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μƒˆ 컴퓨터에 λΉ„μœ λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
It gets slower and slower, making errors.
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점점 속도가 λŠλ €μ§€κ³  μ—λŸ¬κ°€ λ‚˜λ‹€κ°€
03:35
Eventually, it freezes --
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결ꡭ에 μ–Όμ–΄λ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
not because it's a bad computer,
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μ•ˆ 쒋은 μ»΄ν“¨ν„°λΌμ„œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
03:39
but because it has too much to do at once.
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ν•œκΊΌλ²ˆμ— λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žμ€ 일을 ν•΄μ•Όν•΄μ„œ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
The poor have the same problem.
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κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ λ˜‘κ°™μ€ 문제λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
They're not making dumb decisions because they are dumb,
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λ©μ²­ν•΄μ„œ λ©μ²­ν•œ 결정을 λ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
03:49
but because they're living in a context
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λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ λ©μ²­ν•œ 결정을 λ‚΄λ¦¬κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”
03:51
in which anyone would make dumb decisions.
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상황 μ†μ—μ„œ μ‚΄κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ·ΈλŸ¬λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
So suddenly I understood
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ν•œμˆœκ°„μ— μ €λŠ” 이해가 λμ–΄μš”.
03:57
why so many of our anti-poverty programs don't work.
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μ™œ 우리의 μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 빈곀 ν‡΄μΉ˜ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨λ“€μ΄ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μ—†λŠ”μ§€κ°€μš”.
04:02
Investments in education, for example, are often completely ineffective.
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μΌλ‘€λ‘œ κ΅μœ‘μ—μ˜ νˆ¬μžλŠ” λ•Œλ‘œ μ „ν˜€ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μ—†μ–΄μš”.
04:07
Poverty is not a lack of knowledge.
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κ°€λ‚œμ€ μ§€μ‹μ˜ 뢀쑱이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
A recent analysis of 201 studies
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돈 관리 ꡐ윑의 νš¨κ³Όμ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ
04:13
on the effectiveness of money-management training
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201개의 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ΅œκ·Όμ— λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬ λ‚΄λ¦° 결둠은
04:15
came to the conclusion that it has almost no effect at all.
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거의 μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° νš¨κ³Όλ„ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
Now, don't get me wrong --
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μ˜€ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
04:20
this is not to say the poor don't learn anything --
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κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 아무것도 λ°°μš°μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
they can come out wiser for sure.
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λ¬Όλ‘  더 ν˜„λͺ…ν•΄μ Έμ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¬ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:25
But it's not enough.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έκ±Έλ‘  λΆ€μ‘±ν•΄μš”.
04:27
Or as Professor Shafir told me,
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샀퍼 κ΅μˆ˜λ„ 제게 λ§ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:30
"It's like teaching someone to swim
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"μˆ˜μ˜μ„ κ°€λ₯΄μ³μ£Όκ³ 
04:32
and then throwing them in a stormy sea."
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거친 바닀에 λ˜μ Έλ„£λŠ” 것과 κ°™λ‹€."
04:36
I still remember sitting there,
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κ·Έ μžλ¦¬μ—μ„œ λ‹Ήν™©μŠ€λŸ¬μ› λ˜ 게
04:39
perplexed.
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아직도 κΈ°μ–΅λ‚˜μš”.
04:41
And it struck me
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이 λͺ¨λ“  사싀듀은
04:42
that we could have figured this all out decades ago.
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μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„ 전에 μ•Œμ•„λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ²ƒλ“€μ΄μ—μš”.
04:44
I mean, these psychologists didn't need any complicated brain scans;
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이 μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μž‘λ“€μ€ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ λ‡Œ μŠ€μΊ”μ„ μ „ν˜€ ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
04:48
they only had to measure the farmer's IQ,
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λ†λΆ€λ“€μ˜ IQ만 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λ©΄ λμ–΄μš”.
04:50
and IQ tests were invented more than 100 years ago.
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IQ ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈλŠ” 100년도 더 전에 발λͺ…λœ κ±°μž–μ•„μš”.
04:53
Actually, I realized I had read about the psychology of poverty before.
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사싀 μ œκ°€ κ°€λ‚œμ˜ 심리학에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ˜ˆμ „μ— μ½μ–΄λ΄€μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 게 κΈ°μ–΅λ‚˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
04:57
George Orwell, one of the greatest writers who ever lived,
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이 μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μž‘κ°€ 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…인 쑰지 μ˜€μ›°μ€
05:01
experienced poverty firsthand in the 1920s.
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1920λ…„λŒ€μ— λͺΈμ†Œ κ°€λ‚œμ„ κ²½ν—˜ν–ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
"The essence of poverty," he wrote back then,
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ 쑰지 μ˜€μ›°μ΄ 적기λ₯Ό, "κ°€λ‚œμ˜ λ³Έμ§ˆμ€
05:06
is that it "annihilates the future."
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미래λ₯Ό λ§μ‚΄ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이닀."
05:10
And he marveled at, quote,
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그리고 κ·Έκ°€ λ†€λΌμ›Œν•˜κΈΈ,
05:13
"How people take it for granted they have the right to preach at you
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"μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μˆ˜μž…μ΄ νŠΉμ • μˆ˜μ€€ μ΄ν•˜λ‘œ 떨어지기 λ¬΄μ„­κ²Œ
05:17
and pray over you
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λ‹Ήμ—°ν•˜κ²Œ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ
05:18
as soon as your income falls below a certain level."
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μ„€κ΅ν•˜κ³  당신을 μœ„ν•΄ 기도해쀄 κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€."
05:20
Now, those words are every bit as resonant today.
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μ € 말은 ν˜„λŒ€μ—λ„ 정말 κ³΅κ°λ˜λŠ” λ§μ΄μ—μš”.
05:26
The big question is, of course:
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κ°€μž₯ 큰 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ λ¬Όλ‘  이것이겠죠.
05:28
What can be done?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
05:30
Modern economists have a few solutions up their sleeves.
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ν˜„λŒ€ κ²½μ œν•™μžλ“€μ΄ 내놓은 λͺ‡ 가지 해결책이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
We could help the poor with their paperwork
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κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μ„œλ₯˜μž‘업을 λ„μ™€μ£Όκ±°λ‚˜
05:35
or send them a text message to remind them to pay their bills.
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κ³ μ§€μ„œλ₯Ό 내라고 μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ” 문자λ₯Ό λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:38
This type of solution is hugely popular with modern politicians,
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이런 λ₯˜μ˜ 해결책은 ν˜„λŒ€ μ •μΉ˜μΈμ—κ²Œ 맀우 인기가 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:42
mostly because,
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κ·Έ 주된 μ΄μœ λŠ”
05:44
well, they cost next to nothing.
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λΉ„μš©μ΄ 거의 듀지 μ•ŠκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
05:47
These solutions are, I think, a symbol of this era
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μ €λŠ” 이런 해결책이 이 μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό μƒμ§•ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
in which we so often treat the symptoms,
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λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ ν”νžˆ 근본적인 원인은 λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
05:54
but ignore the underlying cause.
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μ¦μƒλ§Œ μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
05:57
So I wonder:
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” κ³ λ―Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:59
Why don't we just change the context in which the poor live?
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κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ²˜ν•œ 상황을 λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚€λ©΄ μ•ˆλ˜λ‚˜μš”?
06:03
Or, going back to our computer analogy:
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 컴퓨터에 λΉ„μœ ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ˜λŒμ•„κ°€μ„œ
06:05
Why keep tinkering around with the software
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λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€λ‘œ μ„€μΉ˜ν•˜λ©΄ μ‰½κ²Œ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”λ°
06:07
when we can easily solve the problem by installing some extra memory instead?
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μ™œ 계속 μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄λ₯Ό λ§Œμ§€κ³  있죠?
06:11
At that point, Professor Shafir responded with a blank look.
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κ·Έ λ•Œ 샀퍼 κ΅μˆ˜λŠ” μ €λ₯Ό λ©ν•˜λ‹ˆ λ°”λΌλ΄€μ–΄μš”.
06:16
And after a few seconds, he said,
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λͺ‡ μ΄ˆκ°€ μ§€λ‚˜κ³  μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
06:18
"Oh, I get it.
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"μ•„, μ•Œκ² λ‹€.
06:21
You mean you want to just hand out more money to the poor
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κ°€λ‚œμ„ κ·Όμ ˆν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ·Έλƒ₯ λˆμ„
06:25
to eradicate poverty.
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μ£Όκ³ μ‹Άλ‹€λŠ” λ§μ΄κ΅¬λ‚˜.
06:27
Uh, sure, that'd be great.
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음, 그래. 그러면 μ°Έ μ’‹κ² μ§€λ§Œ
06:31
But I'm afraid that brand of left-wing politics
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μ•”μŠ€ν…Œλ₯΄λ‹΄μ— μžˆλŠ”
06:34
you've got in Amsterdam --
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쒌읡 μ •μΉ˜μΈκ°™μ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
06:35
it doesn't exist in the States."
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μœ κ°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œλ„ λ―Έκ΅­μ—λŠ” μ—†μ–΄."
06:38
But is this really an old-fashioned, leftist idea?
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ 이게 정말 κ΅¬μ‹μ˜ 쒌파적인 μƒκ°μΌκΉŒμš”?
06:43
I remembered reading about an old plan --
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되게 였래된 κ³„νšμ„ 읽어본 기얡이 λ‚˜μš”.
06:45
something that has been proposed by some of history's leading thinkers.
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μ—­μ‚¬μ—μ„œ μ£Όμš” μ² ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μ œμ•ˆν•œ κ³„νšμ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:48
The philosopher Thomas More first hinted at it in his book, "Utopia,"
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μ² ν•™μž ν† λ§ˆμŠ€ 무어가 500λ…„ 전에 그의 μ±… "μœ ν† ν”Όμ•„"μ—μ„œ
06:52
more than 500 years ago.
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처음 μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:55
And its proponents have spanned the spectrum from the left to the right,
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그리고 κ·Έ μ§€μ§€μžλ“€μ€ μ’ŒνŒŒμ—μ„œ μš°νŒŒκΉŒμ§€ λ„“κ²Œ νΌμ Έμžˆμ–΄μš”.
06:58
from the civil rights campaigner, Martin Luther King,
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인ꢌ μš΄λ™κ°€μΈ λ§ˆν‹΄ 루터 ν‚ΉλΆ€ν„°
07:01
to the economist Milton Friedman.
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κ²½μ œν•™μžμΈ λ°€ν„΄ ν”„λ¦¬λ“œλ¨ΌκΉŒμ§€μš”.
07:05
And it's an incredibly simple idea:
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λ†€λΌμš°λ¦¬λ§ŒμΉ˜ λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
basic income guarantee.
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κΈ°λ³Έ μ†Œλ“ 보μž₯μ΄μš”.
07:13
What it is?
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그게 λ­λƒκ³ μš”?
07:14
Well, that's easy.
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μ‰¬μ›Œμš”.
07:16
It's a monthly grant, enough to pay for your basic needs:
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기본적인 ν•„μš”λ₯Ό μΆ©μ‘±μ‹œν‚€κΈ°μ— μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 맀달 μ£ΌλŠ” λ³΄μ‘°κΈˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
food, shelter, education.
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μŒμ‹, μ£Όκ±°, κ΅μœ‘μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
07:21
It's completely unconditional,
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μ™„μ „νžˆ λ¬΄μ‘°κ±΄μ μ΄μ—μš”.
07:23
so no one's going to tell you what you have to do for it,
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κ·Έ λˆμ„ λ°›κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 뭘 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ‚˜
07:26
and no one's going to tell you what you have to do with it.
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κ·Έ 돈으둜 뭘 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 아무도 κ°„μ„­ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
07:28
The basic income is not a favor, but a right.
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κΈ°λ³Έ μ†Œλ“μ€ 선행이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κΆŒλ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:31
There's absolutely no stigma attached.
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κ·Έ μ–΄λ–€ 낙인도 뢙지 μ•Šμ•„μš”.
07:34
So as I learned about the true nature of poverty,
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μ €λŠ” κ°€λ‚œμ˜ λ³Έμ§ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 배우고 λ‚˜μ„œ
07:36
I couldn't stop wondering:
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계속 이게 κΆκΈˆν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
07:39
Is this the idea we've all been waiting for?
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이게 λ°”λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κΈ°λ‹€λ €μ™”λ˜ 아이디어인가?
07:42
Could it really be that simple?
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이게 정말 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ κ°„λ‹¨ν• κΉŒ?
07:46
And in the three years that followed,
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κ·Έ 이후 3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ €λŠ”
07:47
I read everything I could find about basic income.
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κΈ°λ³Έ μ†Œλ“μ— κ΄€ν•΄ 찾을 수 μžˆλŠ” 책을 λͺ¨μ‘°λ¦¬ μ½μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
07:50
I researched the dozens of experiments
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μ „μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‹€ν–‰λœ
07:52
that have been conducted all over the globe,
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μˆ˜μ‹­ 개의 μ‹€ν—˜λ“€μ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν–ˆκ³ 
07:54
and it didn't take long before I stumbled upon a story of a town
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λ¨Έμ§€μ•Šμ•„ μ§„μ§œλ‘œ κ°€λ‚œμ„ κ·Όμ ˆμ‹œν‚¨
07:57
that had done it -- had actually eradicated poverty.
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ν•œ λ§ˆμ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
08:00
But then ...
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그런데...
08:02
nearly everyone forgot about it.
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거의 λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžŠμ–΄λ²„λ Έμ£ .
08:05
This story starts in Dauphin, Canada.
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이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μ˜ 도핀 μ‹œμ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
In 1974, everybody in this small town was guaranteed a basic income,
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1974년에 이 μž‘μ€ λ§ˆμ„μ— μ‚¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ‹œλ―Όμ€ κΈ°λ³Έ μ†Œλ“μ„ 보μž₯λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:14
ensuring that no one fell below the poverty line.
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아무도 λΉˆκ³€μ„  μ΄ν•˜λ‘œ 내렀가지 μ•Šκ²Œ ν–ˆμ£ .
08:17
At the start of the experiment,
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μ‹€ν—˜ μ΄ˆκΈ°μ—
08:18
an army of researchers descended on the town.
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연ꡬ원 집단이 λ§ˆμ„λ‘œ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:23
For four years, all went well.
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4λ…„ λ™μ•ˆμ€ λͺ¨λ“  게 μ’‹μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:26
But then a new government was voted into power,
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그런데 μƒˆ μ •λΆ€κ°€ λ‹Ήμ„ λ˜κ³ 
08:29
and the new Canadian cabinet saw little point to the expensive experiment.
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μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μ˜ μƒˆ 내각은 이 λΉ„μ‹Ό μ‹€ν—˜μ΄ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μ—†λ‹€κ³  μ—¬κ²Όμ–΄μš”.
08:33
So when it became clear there was no money left to analyze the results,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 뢄석할 돈이 λ‹€ λ–¨μ–΄μ‘Œμ„ λ•Œ
08:37
the researchers decided to pack their files away in some 2,000 boxes.
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연ꡬ원듀은 자료λ₯Ό 2000개의 λ°•μŠ€μ— λ‹΄μ•„ μΉ˜μ›Œλ²„λ Έμ–΄μš”.
08:43
Twenty-five years went by,
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25년이 ν˜λ €κ³ 
08:46
and then Evelyn Forget, a Canadian professor,
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μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μΈ ꡐ수 에블린 포λ₯΄μ œκ°€
08:49
found the records.
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κ·Έ 기둝듀을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
08:50
For three years, she subjected the data to all manner of statistical analysis,
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3λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 이 λ°μ΄ν„°λ‘œ μ˜¨κ°– 톡계 뢄석을 λ‹€ μ‹€ν–‰ν•΄ λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
and no matter what she tried,
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그런데 무슨 짓을 ν•˜λ“ 
08:56
the results were the same every time:
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κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 항상 λ˜‘κ°™μ•˜μ–΄μš”.
08:59
the experiment had been a resounding success.
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μ‹€ν—˜μ€ μ™„μ „ν•œ μ„±κ³΅μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:05
Evelyn Forget discovered
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에블린 포λ₯΄μ œλŠ”
09:06
that the people in Dauphin had not only become richer
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도핀 μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ΄ 더 λΆ€μœ ν•΄μ‘Œμ„ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 더 λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•΄μ§€κ³ 
09:08
but also smarter and healthier.
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κ±΄κ°•ν•΄μ‘Œλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:10
The school performance of kids improved substantially.
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ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ 성적은 ν˜„μ €νžˆ ν–₯μƒλ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
09:14
The hospitalization rate decreased by as much as 8.5 percent.
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μž…μ›λ₯ μ€ 8.5%κΉŒμ§€ κ°μ†Œν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:19
Domestic violence incidents were down,
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κ°€μ • 폭λ ₯ 사건도 쀄어듀고
09:21
as were mental health complaints.
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정신병을 ν˜Έμ†Œν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°λ„ μ€„μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:23
And people didn't quit their jobs.
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그리고 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 직μž₯을 κ·Έλ§Œλ‘μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
09:26
The only ones who worked a little less were new mothers and students --
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더 적게 μΌν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μƒˆλ‘œ μ—„λ§ˆκ°€ 된 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό 학ꡐλ₯Ό 더 λ‹€λ‹ˆκ²Œ 된
09:30
who stayed in school longer.
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학생듀 λΏμ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:32
Similar results have since been found
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μ „μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œλ„
09:34
in countless other experiments around the globe,
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λ˜‘κ°™μ€ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:37
from the US to India.
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μΈλ„κΉŒμ§€μš”.
09:41
So ...
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ...
09:43
here's what I've learned.
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μ œκ°€ 얻은 κ΅ν›ˆμ€ μ΄κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:45
When it comes to poverty,
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κ°€λ‚œμ— κ΄€ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
09:47
we, the rich, should stop pretending we know best.
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λΆ€μžμΈ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무엇이 μ΅œμ„ μΈμ§€ μ•„λŠ” 척을 κ·Έλ§Œν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:54
We should stop sending shoes and teddy bears to the poor,
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얼꡴도 λ³Έ 적 μ—†λŠ” κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ‹ λ°œκ³Ό κ³°μΈν˜•μ„
09:56
to people we have never met.
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λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” κ±Έ λ©ˆμΆ°μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:58
And we should get rid of the vast industry of paternalistic bureaucrats
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그리고 μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ˜¨μ •μ£Όμ˜μ  κ΄€λ£Œλ“€μ„ 없애버렀야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:01
when we could simply hand over their salaries
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κ·Έλƒ₯ κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 월급을 그듀이 λ„μ™€μ•Όν•˜λŠ”
10:04
to the poor they're supposed to help.
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λΉˆλ―Όμ—κ²Œ μ£Όλ©΄ λ˜μž–μ•„μš”.
10:05
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
10:08
Because, I mean, the great thing about money
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ν˜„κΈˆμ΄ λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ μ΄μœ λŠ”
10:11
is that people can use it to buy things they need
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μžμ‹ μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ κ±Έ μ‚¬λŠ” 데 μ“Έ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 데 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:13
instead of things that self-appointed experts think they need.
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자칭 전문가듀이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 물건듀을 μ‚¬λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌμš”.
10:17
Just imagine how many brilliant scientists and entrepreneurs and writers,
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ μš°μˆ˜ν•œ κ³Όν•™μžμ™€ 기업가와
10:22
like George Orwell,
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쑰지 μ˜€μ›°κ°™μ€ μž‘κ°€λ“€μ΄
10:23
are now withering away in scarcity.
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결핍 속에 μ‹œλ“€μ–΄κ°€κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
10:26
Imagine how much energy and talent we would unleash
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λΉˆκ³€μ€ μ˜μ›νžˆ ν‡΄μΉ˜ν•˜λ©΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ™€ 재λŠ₯을
10:28
if we got rid of poverty once and for all.
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ν•΄λ°©μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμ„μ§€ μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
10:31
I believe that a basic income would work like venture capital for the people.
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μ €λŠ” κΈ°λ³Έ μ†Œλ“μ΄ 벀처 μΊν”Όνƒˆμ²˜λŸΌ μž‘μš©ν•  거라 μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.
10:36
And we can't afford not to do it,
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우린 이걸 μ•ˆ ν•  μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:38
because poverty is hugely expensive.
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빈곀의 λΉ„μš©μ€ μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ λΉ„μ‹Έκ±°λ“ μš”.
10:42
Just look at the cost of child poverty in the US, for example.
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미ꡭ의 아동 빈곀 λΉ„μš©μ„ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
10:45
It's estimated at 500 billion dollars each year,
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맀년 5000μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬λ‘œ μΆ”μ •λ˜λŠ”λ°
10:50
in terms of higher health care spending, higher dropout rates,
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μ˜λ£Œλ³΄ν—˜λΉ„λ„ 더 λ†’κ³  μžν‡΄μœ¨λ„ 더 λ†’κ³  범죄도 더 많이
10:53
and more crime.
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λ°œμƒν•΄μ„œ κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:54
Now, this is an incredible waste of human potential.
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이건 인간 잠재λ ₯의 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ λ‚­λΉ„μ˜ˆμš”.
11:00
But let's talk about the elephant in the room.
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μ–΄μ¨Œλ“  μ§„μ§œ λ‚œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
11:03
How could we ever afford a basic income guarantee?
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κΈ°λ³Έ μ†Œλ“μ„ 무슨 돈으둜 보μž₯ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
11:06
Well, it's actually a lot cheaper than you may think.
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사싀 μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλŠ” 것보닀 훨씬 μ €λ ΄ν•΄μš”.
11:09
What they did in Dauphin is finance it with a negative income tax.
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도핀 μ‹œμ—μ„œλŠ” μ—­μ†Œλ“μ„Έλ‘œ λΉ„μš©μ„ λŒ”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:13
This means that your income is topped up
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λΉˆκ³€μ„  μ΄ν•˜λ‘œ 떨어지면
11:15
as soon as you fall below the poverty line.
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μ†Œλ“μ„ μ±„μ›Œμ£ΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:18
And in that scenario,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄
11:19
according to our economists' best estimates,
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κ²½μ œν•™μžλ“€μ˜ κ°€μž₯ κ·Όμ ‘ν•œ μΆ”μ •μΉ˜μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
11:21
for a net cost of 175 billion --
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GDP의 1%와 λ˜‘κ°™μ€ λ―Έκ΅­ κ΅­λ°©λΉ„μ˜ 25%인
11:25
a quarter of US military spending, one percent of GDP --
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1750μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ μˆœλΉ„μš©μœΌλ‘œ
11:29
you could lift all impoverished Americans above the poverty line.
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미ꡭ의 λͺ¨λ“  λΉˆλ―Όμ„ λΉˆκ³€μ„  μœ„λ‘œ λŒμ–΄μ˜¬λ¦΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:34
You could actually eradicate poverty.
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μ§„μ§œλ‘œ κ°€λ‚œμ„ κ·Όμ ˆν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
11:37
Now, that should be our goal.
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그게 우리 λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:40
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
11:41
The time for small thoughts and little nudges is past.
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λ―Έλ―Έν•œ 생각과 μž‘μ€ μ›€μ§μž„μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€λŠ” μ§€λ‚¬μ–΄μš”.
11:44
I really believe that the time has come for radical new ideas,
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급진적인 μƒˆ μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€κ°€ μ™”λ‹€κ³  μ €λŠ” λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:47
and basic income is so much more than just another policy.
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κΈ°λ³Έ μ†Œλ“μ€ μ •μ±… κ·Έ μ΄μƒμ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:51
It is also a complete rethink of what work actually is.
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직업이 무엇인지λ₯Ό μ™„μ „νžˆ μž¬μ •μ˜ν•˜λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:55
And in that sense,
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κ·Έ λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ κΈ°λ³Έ μ†Œλ“μ€
11:57
it will not only free the poor,
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κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ΄λ“€λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
12:00
but also the rest of us.
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œλ„ 자유λ₯Ό 쀄 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:03
Nowadays, millions of people feel
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ν˜„λŒ€μ—λŠ” 수백만 λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
12:05
that their jobs have little meaning or significance.
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본인의 직업이 거의 λ¬΄μ˜λ―Έν•˜λ‹€κ³  느끼고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:07
A recent poll among 230,000 employees
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142개ꡭ의 23만λͺ…μ˜ 근둜자λ₯Ό μ‘°μ‚¬ν•œ
12:10
in 142 countries
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졜근의 ν•œ μ—¬λ‘ μ‘°μ‚¬λŠ”
12:12
found that only 13 percent of workers actually like their job.
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13%의 근둜자만 μžμ‹ μ΄ ν•˜λŠ” 일을 μ§„μ§œλ‘œ μ’‹μ•„ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:18
And another poll found that as much as 37 percent of British workers
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—¬λ‘ μ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” 37%의 영ꡭ인 κ·Όλ‘œμžκ°€ μžμ‹ μ˜ 직업이
12:22
have a job that they think doesn't even need to exist.
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μ‘΄μž¬ν•  ν•„μš”λ„ μ—†λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:26
It's like Brad Pitt says in "Fight Club,"
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λΈŒλž˜λ“œ ν”ΌνŠΈκ°€ "파이트 클럽"μ—μ„œ λ§ν–ˆλ“―
12:28
"Too often we're working jobs we hate so we can buy shit we don't need."
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"μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•Šμ€ 것듀을 사겠닀고 μ‹«μ–΄ν•˜λŠ” 일을 ν•˜μ§€."
12:32
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
12:33
Now, don't get me wrong --
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μ˜€ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
12:35
I'm not talking about the teachers and the garbagemen
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μ €λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ μ„ μƒμ΄λ‚˜ μ²­μ†ŒλΆ€λ‚˜ 간병인에 λŒ€ν•΄
12:37
and the care workers here.
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μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
12:39
If they stopped working,
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그듀이 일을 κ·Έλ§Œλ‘λ©΄
12:40
we'd be in trouble.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ³€λž€ν•΄μ§ˆ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
12:42
I'm talking about all those well-paid professionals with excellent rΓ©sumΓ©s
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ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ 이λ ₯μ„œλ₯Ό κ°–κ³  있고 돈 잘 λ²„λŠ” 전문가듀을 μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
12:46
who earn their money doing ...
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ꡬ성원 κ°„ 회의의
12:48
strategic transactor peer-to-peer meetings
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μ „λž΅μ  ν•΄κ²°μ‚¬λ‘œ λˆμ„ λ²Œλ©΄μ„œ
12:50
while brainstorming the value add-on of disruptive co-creation
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λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ 곡동 창쑰둜
12:53
in the network society.
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λΆ€κ°€κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μš”.
12:54
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
12:55
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
12:56
Or something like that.
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ κ·Έκ±°λž‘ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ κ±°μš”.
12:57
Just imagine again how much talent we're wasting,
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"λ°₯ λ²Œμ–΄λ¨Ήκ³ "μ‚΄μ•„μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  아이듀을 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” λ°”λžŒμ—
13:00
simply because we tell our kids they'll have to "earn a living."
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ 재λŠ₯을 λ‚­λΉ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ‹€μ‹œ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”."
13:05
Or think of what a math whiz working at Facebook lamented a few years ago:
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νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λΆμ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λŠ” ν•œ μˆ˜ν•™ μ²œμž¬κ°€ λͺ‡ λ…„ 전에 ν–ˆλ˜ ν•œνƒ„μ„ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
13:09
"The best minds of my generation
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λ‚΄ μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ 졜고 지성인듀은
13:11
are thinking about how to make people click ads."
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ΄‘κ³ λ₯Ό ν΄λ¦­ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ§€λ₯Ό κ³ λ―Όν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€."
13:16
I'm a historian.
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μ €λŠ” μ—­μ‚¬ν•™μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:18
And if history teaches us anything,
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역사가 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ£ΌλŠ” κ΅ν›ˆμ΄ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
13:20
it is that things could be different.
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상황은 λ³€ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:23
There is nothing inevitable
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬νšŒμ™€ 경제 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό
13:25
about the way we structured our society and economy right now.
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κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 방식은 필연적이지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:28
Ideas can and do change the world.
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μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄λŠ” 세상을 λ°”κΏ€ 수 있고 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:30
And I think that especially in the past few years,
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그리고 μ €λŠ” μ§€λ‚œ λͺ‡ λ…„ κ°„ μš°λ¦¬κ°€
13:33
it has become abundantly clear
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ν˜„μž¬ 상황에 머물러있으면 μ•ˆλ˜κ³ 
13:34
that we cannot stick to the status quo --
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μƒˆ 아이디어가 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것이
13:36
that we need new ideas.
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λ„˜μΉ˜κ²Œ λͺ…ν™•ν•΄μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:40
I know that many of you may feel pessimistic
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점점 더 μ‹¬ν•΄μ Έκ°€λŠ” λΆˆν‰λ“±κ³Ό
13:43
about a future of rising inequality,
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외ꡭ인 ν˜μ˜€μ™€ κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™” λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
13:45
xenophobia
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λ§Žμ€ 뢄듀이 λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄
13:46
and climate change.
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비관적이신 κ±° μ•Œμ•„μš”.
13:48
But it's not enough to know what we're against.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 무엇과 μ‹Έμ›Œμ•Όν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•„λŠ” κ±Έλ‘œλŠ” λΆ€μ‘±ν•΄μš”.
13:51
We also need to be for something.
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지지할 것도 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:52
Martin Luther King didn't say, "I have a nightmare."
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λ§ˆν‹΄ 루터 킹은 "내겐 μ•…λͺ½μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
13:55
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
13:57
He had a dream.
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그에겐 꿈이 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
13:58
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
13:59
So ...
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ...
14:01
here's my dream:
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제 κΏˆμ€ μ΄κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
14:04
I believe in a future
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μ œκ°€ λ°”λΌλŠ” λ―Έλž˜λŠ”
14:05
where the value of your work is not determined
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λ‚΄ μ§μ—…μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€
14:08
by the size of your paycheck,
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μ›”κΈ‰μ˜ 크기둜 κ²°μ •λ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
14:09
but by the amount of happiness you spread
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λ‚΄κ°€ μ „νŒŒν•˜λŠ” ν–‰λ³΅μ˜ μ–‘κ³Ό
14:11
and the amount of meaning you give.
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λ‚΄κ°€ μ£ΌλŠ” 의미의 μ–‘μœΌλ‘œ κ²°μ •λ˜λŠ” λ―Έλž˜μ˜ˆμš”.
14:13
I believe in a future
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μ œκ°€ κΏˆκΎΈλŠ” λ―Έλž˜λŠ”
14:14
where the point of education is not to prepare you for another useless job
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ꡐ윑의 λͺ©μ μ΄ μ“Έλͺ¨μ—†λŠ” 직업을 μ€€λΉ„μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
14:18
but for a life well-lived.
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인생을 잘 μ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 것인 λ―Έλž˜μ˜ˆμš”.
14:21
I believe in a future
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μ œκ°€ κΏˆκΎΈλŠ” λ―Έλž˜λŠ”
14:22
where an existence without poverty is not a privilege
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κ°€λ‚œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 삢이 특ꢌ이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
14:25
but a right we all deserve.
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 받을 자격이 μžˆλŠ” ꢌ리인 λ―Έλž˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:27
So here we are.
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이게 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ„œ μžˆλŠ”
14:28
Here we are.
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ν˜„μž¬μ˜ˆμš”.
14:30
We've got the research, we've got the evidence
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연ꡬ 결과도 있고, 증거도 있고
14:32
and we've got the means.
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μˆ˜λ‹¨λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
14:33
Now, more than 500 years after Thomas More first wrote about a basic income,
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ν† λ§ˆμŠ€ λͺ¨μ–΄κ°€ κΈ°λ³Έ μ†Œλ“μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 글을 쓴지 500년이 μ§€λ‚œ μ§€κΈˆ,
14:37
and 100 years after George Orwell discovered the true nature of poverty,
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쑰지 μ˜€μ›°μ΄ κ°€λ‚œμ˜ λ³Έμ§ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ°œκ²¬ν•œμ§€ 100년이 μ§€λ‚œ μ§€κΈˆ,
14:41
we all need to change our worldview,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ 세계관을 λ°”κΏ”μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:44
because poverty is not a lack of character.
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κ°€λ‚œμ€ 인성이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:47
Poverty is a lack of cash.
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κ°€λ‚œμ€ κΈˆμ „μ΄ λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:51
Thank you.
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14:52
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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