The magic ingredient that brings Pixar movies to life | Danielle Feinberg

Translator: Marta Lorenzo Carballo Reviewer: Alicia Ferreiro

When I was seven years old,

Cando tiña sete anos,

some well-meaning adult asked me what I wanted to be when I grew up.

algún adulto ben intencionado preguntoume que quería ser cando fora grande.

Proudly, I said: "An artist."

Con orgullo, díxenlle: "Un artista".

"No, you don't," he said,

"Non, non", dixo,

"You can't make a living being an artist!"

¿Non podes ganarte a vida sendo artista!

My little seven-year-old Picasso dreams were crushed.

Os meus soños do pequeno Picasso de sete anos esmagados.

Pero eu recompúxenme.

But I gathered myself,

went off in search of a new dream,

Fun na procura dun novo soño.

eventually settling on being a scientist,

Que ó final foi ser un científico.

perhaps something like the next Albert Einstein.

Quizáis algo así como o próximo Einstein.

(Laughter)

(Risas)

Sempre me gustaron as mates e a ciencia.

I have always loved math and science,

Despois, a codificación.

later, coding.

And so I decided to study computer programming in college.

Así que decidín estudar programación informática na universidade.

In my junior year,

No meu primeiro ano,

my computer graphics professor showed us these wonderful short films.

O meu mestre de gráficos por ordenador amosounos estes cortos.

It was the first computer animation any of us had ever seen.

Foi a primeira animación por ordenador que vimos nas nosas vidas.

I watched these films in wonder, transfixed,

Vin estas películas estrañada, paralizada.

fireworks going off in my head,

Fogos de artificio saíndo da miña cabeza,

thinking, "That is what I want to do with my life."

pensando, "Iso é o que quero facer na miña vida"

A idea de que tódalas mates, ciencias e codificación que aprendera

The idea that all the math, science and code I had been learning

could come together to create these worlds and characters

podería xuntarse para crear estes mundos e personaxes

and stories I connected with,

e historias coas que os conectaba

was pure magic for me.

era pura maxia para min.

Dous anos despois, comecei a traballlar

Just two years later, I started working

no lugar que facía eses vídeos Pixar Animation Studios.

at the place that made those films, Pixar Animation Studios.

Foi aquí onde aprendín como realizar eses vídeos.

It was here I learned how we actually execute those films.

Para as nosas películas,

To create our movies,

we create a three-dimensional world inside the computer.

creamos un mundo tridimensional dentro do ordenador.

We start with a point that makes a line that makes a face

Comezamos cun punto que fai unha liña, que fai unha cara

that creates characters,

que crea personaxes,

or trees and rocks that eventually become a forest.

ou árbores ou rochas que se converten en bosques.

And because it's a three-dimensional world,

E como é un mundo tridimensional,

we can move a camera around inside that world.

podemos mover a cámara arredor dentro dese mundo.

Todo isto fascinoume.

I was fascinated by all of it.

But then I got my first taste of lighting.

Pero despois tiven a miña primeira iluminación.

Lighting in practice is placing lights inside this three-dimensional world.

Na práctica a iluminación é colocar luces neste mundo tridimensional.

I actually have icons of lights I move around in there.

De feito teño iconas de luces que movo por aí.

Here you can see I've added a light,

Aquí poden ver que engadín unha luz.

I'm turning on the rough version of lighting in our software,

Esta é a versión aproximada de iluminación no noso software.

turn on shadows

Activar sombras

and placing the light.

e colocar a luz.

As I place a light,

A medida que poño a luz,

I think about what it might look like in real life,

penso como se vería na vida real,

but balance that out with what we need artistically and for the story.

en balance co que precisamos artisticamente e para a historia.

So it might look like this at first,

Entón teremos algo así nun principio,

mais se axustamos isto e movemos aquilo

but as we adjust this and move that

in weeks of work,

cunhas semanas de traballo,

nun principio debería parecerse a isto,

in rough form it might look like this,

and in final form, like this.

e ó final a isto.

There's this moment in lighting that made me fall utterly in love with it.

Hay un momento na iluminación que me fixo namorarme dela.

It's where we go from this

É onde pasamos disto

to this.

a isto.

É o momento no que tódalas pezas se xuntan,

It's the moment where all the pieces come together,

and suddenly the world comes to life

e de socato o mundo cobra vida

as if it's an actual place that exists.

como se fose un lugar real.

Este momento nunca aborrece,

This moment never gets old,

especially for that little seven-year-old girl that wanted to be an artist.

especialmente a aquela nena de sete anos que quería ser unha artista.

As I learned to light,

Mentres aprendín a iluminar

I learned about using light to help tell story,

Aprendín a usar a iluminación para axudar á historia,

to set the time of day,

para dicir a hora do día,

to create the mood,

para crear o estado de ánimo,

to guide the audience's eye,

para guiar a vista da audiencia,

how to make a character look appealing

Como facer que un personaxe pareza atractivo.

ou parado nun escenario cheo.

or stand out in a busy set.

Did you see WALL-E?

Viron WALL-E?

(Laughter)

(Risas)

There he is.

Aí está.

As you can see,

Como poden ver,

we can create any world that we want inside the computer.

podemos crear calquera mundo dentro do ordenador.

We can make a world with monsters,

Podemos facer un mundo con monstros,

with robots that fall in love,

con robots que se namoran,

we can even make pigs fly.

mesmo podemos facer ós porcos voar.

(Laughter)

(Risas)

While this is an incredible thing,

Aínda que isto é incrible.

esta liberdade artística,

this untethered artistic freedom,

it can create chaos.

pode crear un caos.

It can create unbelievable worlds,

Pode crear mundos incribles,

unbelievable movement,

movementos incribles...

Cousas incomprensibles para a audiencia.

things that are jarring to the audience.

So to combat this, we tether ourselves with science.

Para exitar isto imos unidos á ciencia.

We use science and the world we know

Empregamos a ciencia e o mundo real

as a backbone,

como unha espiña dorsal,

to ground ourselves in something relatable and recognizable.

para adherirnos ás cousas relacionables e recoñecibles.

"Finding Nemo" is an excellent example of this.

"Buscando a Nemo" é un excelente exemplo disto.

A major portion of the movie takes place underwater.

A maior parte da película ocorre baixo a auga.

Mais ¿como se fai para que pareza baixo a auga?

But how do you make it look underwater?

In early research and development,

Na busca e desenvolvemento iniciais

we took a clip of underwater footage and recreated it in the computer.

pegamos un video baixo a auga e refixemolo no ordenador.

Then we broke it back down

Entón nós desconstruímola

para ver que elementos compuñan aquela imaxe baixo a auga.

to see which elements make up that underwater look.

One of the most critical elements

Un dos elementos cruciais

era como a luz viaxa a través da auga.

was how the light travels through the water.

So we coded up a light that mimics this physics --

Entón codificamos unha luz.

first, the visibility of the water,

Primeiro a visibilidade da auga,

and then what happens with the color.

despois o que acontece coa cor.

Objects close to the eye have their full, rich colors.

Os obxectos próximos ós ollos teñen as cores completas e vivas.

A medida que a luz viaxa máis profundo,

As light travels deeper into the water,

we lose the red wavelengths,

perdemos as luces vermellas,

then the green wavelengths,

despois as verdes,

leaving us with blue at the far depths.

deixándonos co azul nas profundidades.

In this clip you can see two other important elements.

Neste video poden ver outros dous elementos importantes.

The first is the surge and swell,

O primeiro é a ondulación,

or the invisible underwater current

ou as correntes invisibles

that pushes the bits of particulate around in the water.

que empurran os anacos de partículas arredor da auga.

The second is the caustics.

O segundo son as acústicas.

These are the ribbons of light,

Son cintas de luz.

like you might see on the bottom of a pool,

Que se poden ver no fondo dunha piscina.

that are created when the sun bends through the crests

Créanse cando o sol inclina nunha crista

of the ripples and waves on the ocean's surface.

de ondas e ondulacións na superficie do océano.

Os bancos de néboa.

Here we have the fog beams.

These give us color depth cues,

Dannos sinais de profundidade e cor,

mais tamén indican que direción é arriba

but also tells which direction is up

en escenas nas que non vemos a superficie .

in shots where we don't see the water surface.

The other really cool thing you can see here

Outra cousa alucinante que podedes ver aquí

is that we lit that particulate only with the caustics,

é que cando iluminamos esta partícula solo con la cáustica,

de maneira que entra e sae desas cintas de luz,

so that as it goes in and out of those ribbons of light,

it appears and disappears,

aparece e desaparece,

lending a subtle, magical sparkle to the underwater.

dando unha sutil, chispa máxica baixo a auga.

You can see how we're using the science --

Poden ver como empregamos a ciencia:

A física da auga, a luz e o movemento...

the physics of water, light and movement --

to tether that artistic freedom.

para unila a esa liberdade artística.

But we are not beholden to it.

Mais non estamos en débeda con el.

We considered each of these elements

Consideramos cada un dos elementos

and which ones had to be scientifically accurate

e cales eran científicamente correctos

and which ones we could push and pull to suit the story and the mood.

e cales podíamos modificar para axustar a historia e o ánimo.

We realized early on that color was one we had some leeway with.

Decatámonos de que con esa cor tiñamos unha marxe de maniobra.

So here's a traditionally colored underwater scene.

Aquí amosamos unha escena normal baixo a auga a cor

But here, we can take Sydney Harbor and push it fairly green

Mais aquí, podemos poñer o porto de Sidney de cor verde

to suit the sad mood of what's happening.

para transmitir un estádo de ánimo triste.

In this scene, it's really important we see deep into the underwater,

Nesta escena, é moi importante que vexamos a profundidade do mar,

so we understand what the East Australian Current is,

para entender o que é a corrente do este de Australia,

that the turtles are diving into and going on this roller coaster ride.

na que as tartarugas bucean e embarcarnos nesta montaña rusa.

So we pushed the visibility of the water

Así que aumentamos a visibilidade da auga.

well past anything you would ever see in real life.

de maneira que se semellase á realidade.

Because in the end,

Porque ó final,

non tratamos de recrear o mundo real de maneira científica,

we are not trying to recreate the scientifically correct real world,

we're trying to create a believable world,

senón un mundo crible,

one the audience can immerse themselves in to experience the story.

no que a audiencia se poida somerxer para experimentar a historia

We use science to create something wonderful.

Empregamos a ciencia para crear algo marabilloso.

We use story and artistic touch to get us to a place of wonder.

Usamos historia e un toque artístico para chegar a este lugar marabilloso.

This guy, WALL-E, is a great example of that.

Este rapaz, WALL-E, é un exemplo xenial disto.

Atopa a beleza nas cousas máis sinxelas.

He finds beauty in the simplest things.

But when he came in to lighting, we knew we had a big problem.

Pero no tema de iluminación sabiamos que tiñamos un problema.

We got so geeked-out on making WALL-E this convincing robot,

Obsesionámonos tanto en facer que WALL-E fose un robot convincente,

that we made his binoculars practically optically perfect.

que fixemos os seus prismáticos opticamente case perfectos.

(Laughter)

(Risas)

His binoculars are one of the most critical acting devices he has.

Os seus prismáticos son un dos utensilios máis críticos que posúe.

He doesn't have a face or even traditional dialogue, for that matter.

Non ten sequera unha cara ou un diálogo tradicional.

So the animators were heavily dependent on the binoculars

Así que os animadores dependían moito dos prismáticos

to sell his acting and emotions.

para amosar os seus actos e emocións.

We started lighting and we realized

Comezamos a iluminar e decatámonos

the triple lenses inside his binoculars were a mess of reflections.

de que os triples lentes nos prismáticos serían un caos de reflexións.

He was starting to look glassy-eyed.

Parecía que tiña ollos de cristal.

(Risas)

(Laughter)

Now, glassy-eyed is a fundamentally awful thing

Entón, os ollos de cristal son algo horrible

when you are trying to convince an audience

se tratas de convencer a unha audiencia

that a robot has a personality and he's capable of falling in love.

de que un robot ten personalidade e de que pode namorarse.

So we went to work on these optically perfect binoculars,

Así que nos puxemos a traballar nestes prismáticos opticamente perfectos,

tratando de atopar unha solución que mantivera o seu material robot

trying to find a solution that would maintain his true robot materials

but solve this reflection problem.

mais solucionando as reflexións.

Así que comezamos cos lentes.

So we started with the lenses.

Here's the flat-front lens,

Estes son os lentes frontais,

we have a concave lens

lentes cóncavos

and a convex lens.

e lentes convexos.

And here you see all three together,

E aquí podemos ver os tres xuntos,

showing us all these reflections.

amosándonos estas reflexións.

We tried turning them down,

Tratamos de apagalas,

we tried blocking them,

tratamos de bloquealas,

nothing was working.

e nada funcionaba.

You can see here,

Poden ver aquí que,

sometimes we needed something specific reflected in his eyes --

ás veces precisabamos algo específico reflictido nos seus ollos.

Normalmente a Eva.

usually Eve.

So we couldn't just use some faked abstract image on the lenses.

Así que non podiamos usar unha imaxe falsa nos lentes.

So here we have Eve on the first lens,

Aquí temos a Eva no primeiro lente,

poñemos a Eva no segundo lente,

we put Eve on the second lens,

non funciona.

it's not working.

We turn it down,

Apagámolo,

it's still not working.

aínda non funciona.

And then we have our eureka moment.

E entón temos o noso momento "Eureka".

We add a light to WALL-E that accidentally leaks into his eyes.

Engadimos unha luz a WALL-E que se filtra por accidente nos seus ollos.

Podédela ver a traves dos fío de apertura gris

You can see it light up these gray aperture blades.

De socato, estas aperturas expulsa esta reflexión

Suddenly, those aperture blades are poking through that reflection

the way nothing else has.

O camiño non ten máis.

Now we recognize WALL-E as having an eye.

Agora recoñecemos o ollo de WALL-E.

As humans we have the white of our eye,

Como humanos temos o branco dos ollos,

o iris de cor

the colored iris

e a pupila negra

and the black pupil.

Now WALL-E has the black of an eye,

Agora WALL-E ten o negro do ollo,

as aperturas grises

the gray aperture blades

and the black pupil.

e a pupila negra.

Suddenly, WALL-E feels like he has a soul,

De socato, parece que WALL-E ten alma,

como se fose un personaxe con emocións dentro.

like there's a character with emotion inside.

Máis adiante na película, cara a fin,

Later in the movie towards the end,

WALL-E loses his personality,

WALL-E perde a personalidade,

essentially going dead.

esencialmente morrendo.

Este é o momento para traer a mirada de cristal.

This is the perfect time to bring back that glassy-eyed look.

In the next scene, WALL-E comes back to life.

Na seguinte escena, WALL-E volve á vida.

Traemos esa luz de novo para abrir as aperturas,

We bring that light back to bring the aperture blades back,

e volta a ese doce e conmovedor robot que quixemos.

and he returns to that sweet, soulful robot we've come to love.

(Video) WALL-E: Eva?

(Vídeo) WALL.E: Eva?

Danielle Feinberg: There's a beauty in these unexpected moments --

Hai unha beleza nestes momentos inesperados,

when you find the key to unlocking a robot's soul,

cando atopas a chave para desbloquear a alma dun robot,

the moment when you discover what you want to do with your life.

o momento no que descobres o que queres facer coa túa vida.

The jellyfish in "Finding Nemo" was one of those moments for me.

A medusa en "Buscando a nemo" foi un deses momentos.

There are scenes in every movie that struggle to come together.

Hai escenas en cada película que loitan por xuntarse.

Esta era unha desas escenas.

This was one of those scenes.

O director tiña unha visión desta escena

The director had a vision for this scene

basada nalgún documental de medusas no Pacífico Sur.

based on some wonderful footage of jellyfish in the South Pacific.

As we went along,

A medida que avanzamos

iamos a pique.

we were floundering.

The reviews with the director

As revisións do director

turned from the normal look-and-feel conversation

voltáronse de conversacións normais

en máis e máis preguntas sobre números e porcentaxes.

into more and more questions about numbers and percentages.

Quizáis porque rara vez,

Maybe because unlike normal,

we were basing it on something in real life,

o estabamos a basar nalgo da vida real,

ou quizáis só porque perderamos o rumbo.

or maybe just because we had lost our way.

But it had become about using our brain without our eyes,

Pero volveuse en ter que usar o noso cerebro sen os nosos ollos,

the science without the art.

a ciencia sen a arte.

Esa unión científica desordenaba a escena.

That scientific tether was strangling the scene.

But even through all the frustrations,

Pero a pesar das frustracións,

Aínda cría que podía ser bonito.

I still believed it could be beautiful.

So when it came in to lighting,

Así que cando tiña que iluminar,

atacaba.

I dug in.

A medida que equilibraba os azuis e rosas,

As I worked to balance the blues and the pinks,

o baile cáustico dos ventres das medusas,

the caustics dancing on the jellyfish bells,

os bancos de néboa ondulantes,

the undulating fog beams,

something promising began to appear.

algo prometedor comezou a aparecer.

I came in one morning and checked the previous night's work.

Unha mañá, comprobei o traballo da noite anterior.

And I got excited.

Púxenme moi leda.

Despois amoseillo á directora de iluminación

And then I showed it to the lighting director

and she got excited.

e ela púxose leda.

Soon, I was showing to the director in a dark room full of 50 people.

Pronto, amoseillo á directora nunha sala escura con 50 persoas.

In director review,

Na revisión da directora,

you hope you might get some nice words,

esperas escoitar boas palabras,

e despois obtés algunhas anotacións e arranxos, polo xeral.

then you get some notes and fixes, generally.

And then, hopefully, you get a final,

E despois, con sorte, unha conclusión,

signaling to move on to the next stage.

sinalando que pases á seguinte etapa.

I gave my intro, and I played the jellyfish scene.

Fixen a miña introdución, e puxen a escena das medusas.

And the director was silent for an uncomfortably long amount of time.

E o director gardou silencio por un incomodamente longo tempo.

Suficientemente longo para facerme pensar,

Just long enough for me to think,

"Oh no, this is doomed."

"Non, está condenado ó fracaso."

And then he started clapping.

E entón comezou a aplaudir.

E o deseñador de produción aplaudiu.

And then the production designer started clapping.

E entón toda a habitación aplaudiu.

And then the whole room was clapping.

This is the moment that I live for in lighting.

Este é o momento para o que vivín en iluminación.

The moment where it all comes together

O momento no que todo se xunta

and we get a world that we can believe in.

e conseguimos un mundo no que podemos crer.

We use math, science and code to create these amazing worlds.

Usamos as mates, ciencia e codificación para crear estes mundos incríbles.

Usamos historias e arte para traelas á vida.

We use storytelling and art to bring them to life.

It's this interweaving of art and science

É o cruce da arte e a ciencia

that elevates the world to a place of wonder,

que eleva ó mundo, a un lugar de maravillas.

un lugar con alma,

a place with soul,

a place we can believe in,

un lugar no que podemos crer,

un lugar no que as cousas que imaxinas se volven reais.

a place where the things you imagine can become real --

e un mundo no que unha nena se decata

and a world where a girl suddenly realizes

not only is she a scientist,

de que non só é unha científica,

but also an artist.

senón tamén unha artista.

Thank you.

Grazas.

(Applause)

(Aplausos)