Hans Rosling: Let my dataset change your mindset

154,455 views ・ 2009-08-31

TED


Molimo dvaput kliknite na engleski titl ispod za reprodukciju videa.

Translator: Nela Kacmarcik Reviewer: Tatjana Jevdjic
00:16
I'm going to talk about your mindset.
0
16160
4000
Govoriću o vašem načinu razmišljanja.
00:20
Does your mindset correspond to my dataset?
1
20160
4000
Da li vaš način razmišljanja odgovara podacima koje imam?
00:24
(Laughter)
2
24160
1000
(Smijeh)
00:25
If not, one or the other needs upgrading, isn't it?
3
25160
3000
Ako ne, jedno ili drugo treba unaprijediti, zar ne?
00:28
When I talk to my students about global issues,
4
28160
4000
Kada svojim studentima govorim o globalnim pitanjima,
00:32
and I listen to them in the coffee break,
5
32160
2000
i kada ih slušam u pauzama za kafu,
00:34
they always talk about "we" and "them."
6
34160
3000
oni uvijek govore o 'nama' i 'njima'.
00:37
And when they come back into the lecture room
7
37160
3000
I kada se vrate u salu za predavanja
00:40
I ask them, "What do you mean with "we" and "them"?
8
40160
2000
pitam ih: "Šta želite reći sa 'mi' i 'oni' ?"
00:42
"Oh, it's very easy. It's the western world and it's the developing world," they say.
9
42160
3000
"Oh, to je bar lako. Postoji zapadni svijet i zemlje u razvoju", kažu oni.
00:45
"We learned it in college."
10
45160
2000
"To smo naučili u koledžu."
00:47
And what is the definition then? "The definition?
11
47160
2000
I šta je onda definicija? "Definicija?
00:49
Everyone knows," they say.
12
49160
2000
Pa to svi znaju", kažu oni.
00:51
But then you know, I press them like this.
13
51160
2000
"Pa onda znate i vi", uporno insistiram.
00:53
So one girl said, very cleverly, "It's very easy.
14
53160
2000
Jedna djevojka pametno reče: "To je veoma jednostavno.
00:55
Western world is a long life in a small family.
15
55160
3000
Zapadni svijet znači dug život i mala porodica.
00:58
Developing world is a short life in a large family."
16
58160
3000
Zemlje u razvoju znače kratak život i velika porodica."
01:01
And I like that definition, because it enabled me
17
61160
3000
I meni se svidjela ta definicija, jer mi je omogućila
01:04
to transfer their mindset
18
64160
2000
da prenesem njihovo mišljenje
01:06
into the dataset.
19
66160
2000
u bazu podataka.
01:08
And here you have the dataset.
20
68160
2000
I ovdje je set podataka.
01:10
So, you can see that what we have on this axis here
21
70160
2000
Možete vidjeti da je na ovoj osi
01:12
is size of family. One, two, three, four, five
22
72160
3000
veličina porodice. Jedno, dvoje, troje, četvoro, petoro
01:15
children per woman on this axis.
23
75160
2000
djece za svaku ženu na ovoj osi.
01:17
And here, length of life, life expectancy,
24
77160
2000
A ovdje je prikazan očekivani životni vijek,
01:19
30, 40, 50.
25
79160
2000
30, 40, 50.
01:21
Exactly what the students said was their concept about the world.
26
81160
4000
Upravo ono što su studenti govorili da opisuje njihov koncept svijeta.
01:25
And really this is about the bedroom.
27
85160
2000
A zapravo ovdje se govori o spavaonici.
01:27
Whether the man and woman decide to have small family,
28
87160
4000
Da li su muškarac i žena odlučili da imaju malu porodicu
01:31
and take care of their kids, and how long they will live.
29
91160
3000
i brinu o svojoj djeci, te koliko dugo će živjeti.
01:34
It's about the bathroom and the kitchen. If you have soap, water and food, you know,
30
94160
4000
Ovdje se radi o kupatilu i kuhinji. Ako imate sapun, vodu i hranu, znate,
01:38
you can live long.
31
98160
2000
možete živjeti dugo.
01:40
And the students were right. It wasn't that the world consisted --
32
100160
2000
I studenti su bili u pravu. Nije da se svijet sastoji --
01:42
the world consisted here, of one set of countries over here,
33
102160
4000
svijet se sastoji, od jedne grupe zemalja ovdje,
01:46
which had large families and short life. Developing world.
34
106160
4000
koje imaju velike porodice i kratak životni vijek. Svijet u razvoju.
01:50
And we had one set of countries up there
35
110160
3000
Zatim, tu je jedna grupa zemalja ovdje
01:53
which was the western world.
36
113160
2000
koja predstavlja zapadni svijet.
01:55
They had small families and long life.
37
115160
3000
Oni imaju male porodice i dug životni vijek.
01:58
And you are going to see here
38
118160
2000
I sada ćete ovdje vidjeti
02:00
the amazing thing that has happened in the world during my lifetime.
39
120160
4000
nešto zapanjujuće što se dogodilo u svijetu za vrijeme mog života.
02:04
Then the developing countries applied
40
124160
2000
Tada su zemlje u razvoju primijenile
02:06
soap and water, vaccination.
41
126160
2000
sapun i vodu, vakcinaciju.
02:08
And all the developing world started to apply family planning.
42
128160
3000
I cijeli svijet u razvoju je počeo planirati porodicu.
02:11
And partly to USA who help to provide
43
131160
2000
I djelimično zbog SAD-u koji pomaže u davanju
02:13
technical advice and investment.
44
133160
3000
tehničkih savjeta i investicija.
02:16
And you see all the world moves over to a two child family,
45
136160
4000
Vidite da se cijeli svijet se pomjera prema porodicama sa dvoje djece
02:20
and a life with 60 to 70 years.
46
140160
3000
i životnom vijeku od 60 do 70 godina.
02:23
But some countries remain back in this area here.
47
143160
3000
Ipak neke zemlje zaostaju u ovoj oblasti ovdje.
02:26
And you can see we still have Afghanistan down here.
48
146160
3000
Još uvijek možete vidjeti Afganistan ovdje dolje.
02:29
We have Liberia. We have Congo.
49
149160
3000
Imamo Liberiju. Imamo Kongo.
02:32
So we have countries living there.
50
152160
2000
Znači imamo zemlje koje tu žive.
02:34
So the problem I had
51
154160
2000
Tako da je moj problem bio taj,
02:36
is that the worldview that my students had
52
156160
4000
da je pogled na svijet mojih studenata
02:40
corresponds to reality in the world
53
160160
2000
odgovarao stvarnosti u svijetu u godini
02:42
the year their teachers were born.
54
162160
3000
kada su njihovi učitelji rođeni.
02:45
(Laughter)
55
165160
3000
(Smijeh)
02:48
(Applause)
56
168160
3000
(Aplauz)
02:51
And we, in fact, when we have played this over the world.
57
171160
3000
I u stvari, kada smo prezentirali ovo širom svijeta --
02:54
I was at the Global Health Conference here in Washington last week,
58
174160
3000
Bio sam na Globalnoj konferenciji ovdje u Washingtonu prošle nedjelje,
02:57
and I could see the wrong concept
59
177160
3000
i mogao sam vidjeti pogrešan koncept
03:00
even active people in United States had,
60
180160
3000
koji su čak i aktivni ljudi u Sjedinjenim državama imali,
03:03
that they didn't realize the improvement
61
183160
3000
koji nisu uvidjeli napredak
03:06
of Mexico there, and China, in relation to United States.
62
186160
5000
Meksika ovdje i Kine u poređenju sa Sjedinjenim državama.
03:11
Look here when I move them forward.
63
191160
2000
Pogledajte sada kada ih pomjerim unaprijed.
03:13
Here we go.
64
193160
7000
Idemo.
03:20
They catch up. There's Mexico.
65
200160
3000
Približavaju se. Ovdje je Meksiko.
03:23
It's on par with United States in these two social dimensions.
66
203160
3000
Izjednačen je sa Sjedinjenim državama u dvije socijalne dimenzije.
03:26
There was less than five percent
67
206160
2000
Manje od pet procenata specijalista
03:28
of the specialists in Global Health that was aware of this.
68
208160
3000
u Svjetskom zdravstvu je bilo svjesno ovog.
03:31
This great nation, Mexico,
69
211160
2000
Ova sjajna država, Meksiko,
03:33
has the problem that arms are coming from North,
70
213160
3000
imala je problem oružja koje je stizalo sa sjevera,
03:36
across the borders, so they had to stop that,
71
216160
2000
preko granice, tako da su to morali zaustaviti,
03:38
because they have this strange relationship to the United States, you know.
72
218160
4000
jer imaju taj čudni odnos sa Sjedinjenim državama, kao što znate.
03:42
But if I would change this axis here,
73
222160
4000
Ali ako bih promijenio ovu osu ovdje,
03:46
I would instead put income per person.
74
226160
3000
radije bih ubacio dohodak po osobi.
03:49
Income per person. I can put that here.
75
229160
3000
Dohodak po osobi, mogu to ubaciti ovdje.
03:52
And we will then see
76
232160
2000
I tada ćemo vidjeti
03:54
a completely different picture.
77
234160
2000
potpuno drugačiju sliku.
03:56
By the way, I'm teaching you
78
236160
2000
Usput, učim vas
03:58
how to use our website, Gapminder World,
79
238160
2000
kako da koristite našu web stranicu Gapminder World,
04:00
while I'm correcting this,
80
240160
2000
dok ja ovo korigujem,
04:02
because this is a free utility on the net.
81
242160
3000
jer je ovo besplatan alat na internetu.
04:05
And when I now finally got it right,
82
245160
3000
I kada sam to konačno popravio,
04:08
I can go back 200 years in history.
83
248160
4000
mogu otići 200 godina nazad u istoriju.
04:12
And I can find United States up there.
84
252160
4000
I mogu pronaći Sjedinjene države ovdje.
04:16
And I can let the other countries be shown.
85
256160
3000
I mogu dopustiti da se prikažu i ostale države.
04:19
And now I have income per person on this axis.
86
259160
3000
I sada ovdje imam dohodak po osobi na ovoj osi.
04:22
And United States only had some, one, two thousand dollars at that time.
87
262160
3000
Sjedinjene države su imale samo jednu do dvije hiljade dolara u to vrijeme.
04:25
And the life expectancy was 35 to 40 years,
88
265160
4000
I očekivani životni vijek bio je 35 do 40 godina,
04:29
on par with Afghanistan today.
89
269160
2000
isto kao u Afganistanu danas.
04:31
And what has happened in the world, I will show now.
90
271160
5000
Šta se dogodilo u svijetu, sada ću pokazati.
04:36
This is instead of studying history
91
276160
2000
Ovo je umjesto jedne godine
04:38
for one year at university.
92
278160
2000
studiranja istorije na univerzitetu.
04:40
You can watch me for one minute now and you'll see the whole thing.
93
280160
3000
Možete me gledati jedan minut i vidjećete sve.
04:43
(Laughter)
94
283160
2000
(Smijeh)
04:45
You can see how the brown bubbles, which is west Europe,
95
285160
5000
Možete vidjeti smeđe mjehuriće, to je zapadna Evropa,
04:50
and the yellow one, which is the United States,
96
290160
3000
i žuti, to su Sjedinjene države,
04:53
they get richer and richer and also
97
293160
2000
oni postaju bogatiji i bogatiji i takođe
04:55
start to get healthier and healthier.
98
295160
2000
postaju zdraviji i zdraviji.
04:57
And this is now 100 years ago,
99
297160
2000
Ovo je prije 100 godina,
04:59
where the rest of the world remains behind.
100
299160
3000
dok ostatak svijeta zaostaje.
05:02
Here we come. And that was the influenza.
101
302160
5000
Sad smo tu. I ovo je bila gripa.
05:07
That's why we are so scared about flu, isn't it?
102
307160
3000
To je ono čega se jako plašimo, zar ne?
05:10
It's still remembered. The fall of life expectancy.
103
310160
3000
Još uvijek je u sjećanju. Pad očekivanog životnog vijeka.
05:13
And then we come up. Not until
104
313160
3000
I zatim se penjemo. Ne prije
05:16
independence started.
105
316160
2000
početka nezavisnosti.
05:18
Look here You have China over there,
106
318160
2000
Pogledajte ovdje Kinu,
05:20
you have India over there,
107
320160
2000
i ovdje Indiju,
05:22
and this is what has happened.
108
322160
8000
i ovo je to što se desilo.
05:30
Did you note there, that we have Mexico up there?
109
330160
3000
Jeste li primijetili da je Meksiko ovdje gore?
05:33
Mexico is not at all on par with the United States,
110
333160
2000
Meksiko uopšte nije u istoj ravni sa Sjedinjenim državama,
05:35
but they are quite close.
111
335160
2000
ali su prilično blizu.
05:37
And especially, it's interesting to see
112
337160
2000
I posebno je zanimljivo vidjeti
05:39
China and the United States
113
339160
2000
Kinu i Sjedinjene države
05:41
during 200 years,
114
341160
3000
tokom 200 godina,
05:44
because I have my oldest son now working for Google,
115
344160
2000
jer moj najstariji sin sada radi za Google,
05:46
after Google acquired this software.
116
346160
3000
nakon što je Google kupio ovaj software.
05:49
Because in fact, this is child labor. My son and his wife sat in a closet
117
349160
3000
Zapravo, ovo je rad djece. Moj sin i njegova žena su bili u pozadini
05:52
for many years and developed this.
118
352160
2000
mnogo godina i razvili su ovo.
05:54
And my youngest son, who studied Chinese in Beijing.
119
354160
4000
I moj namlađi sin, koji studira kineski u Pekingu.
05:58
So they come in with the two perspectives I have, you know?
120
358160
4000
Oni dakle dolaze sa dvije perspektive koje imam, znate?
06:02
And my son, youngest son who studied in Beijing,
121
362160
2000
I moj najmlađi sin koji studira u Pekingu,
06:04
in China, he got a long-term perspective.
122
364160
4000
u Kini, dobio je dugoročnu perspektivu.
06:08
Whereas when my oldest son, who works for Google,
123
368160
2000
Dok moj najstariji sin, koji radi za Google,
06:10
he should develop by quarter, or by half-year.
124
370160
4000
bi trebalo da je razvije za kvartal ili za pola godine.
06:14
Or Google is quite generous, so he can have one or two years to go.
125
374160
3000
Ili Google je veoma širokogrud, tako da može imati još godinu ili dvije.
06:17
But in China they look generation after generation
126
377160
2000
Ali u Kini gledaju generaciju za generacijom
06:19
because they remember
127
379160
3000
jer se sjećaju
06:22
the very embarrassing period, for 100 years,
128
382160
2000
sramotnog perioda, tokom 100 godina,
06:24
when they went backwards.
129
384160
2000
kada su išli unazad.
06:26
And then they would remember the first part
130
386160
3000
Tada bi se sjetili prvog dijela
06:29
of last century, which was really bad,
131
389160
3000
prošlog vijeka, koji je bio veoma loš,
06:32
and we could go by this so-called Great Leap Forward.
132
392160
3000
i mogli bismo ići ovim takozvanim 'Velikim zamahom naprijed'.
06:35
But this was 1963.
133
395160
2000
Ali ovo je bila 1963.
06:37
Mao Tse-Tung eventually brought health to China,
134
397160
4000
Ipak je na kraju, Mao Tse-Tung uveo zdravlje u Kinu
06:41
and then he died, and then Deng Xiaoping started
135
401160
2000
i zatim umro. Tada je počeo Deng Xiaoping
06:43
this amazing move forward.
136
403160
2000
ovaj zapanjujući pomak unaprijed.
06:45
Isn't it strange to see that the United States
137
405160
2000
Zar nije čudno vidjeti da su Sjedinjene države
06:47
first grew the economy, and then gradually got rich?
138
407160
4000
prvo izgradile ekonomiju i tek zatim se postepeno obogatile?
06:51
Whereas China could get healthy much earlier,
139
411160
3000
Dok je Kina puno ranije mogla postati zdrava,
06:54
because they applied the knowledge of education, nutrition,
140
414160
4000
jer su primijenili znanje iz obrazovanja, ishrane,
06:58
and then also benefits of penicillin
141
418160
3000
i takođe koristi od penicilina,
07:01
and vaccines and family planning.
142
421160
2000
vakcina i planiranja porodice.
07:03
And Asia could have social development
143
423160
3000
I Azija je mogla imati socijalni razvoj
07:06
before they got the economic development.
144
426160
3000
prije nego što su dostigli ekonomski razvoj.
07:09
So to me, as a public health professor,
145
429160
2000
Tako da meni, kao profesoru javnog zdravstva,
07:11
it's not strange that all these countries grow so fast now.
146
431160
4000
nije čudno da sve ove zemlje sada nastavljaju brzi rast.
07:15
Because what you see here, what you see here
147
435160
2000
Jer ono što vidite ovdje, ono što vidite,
07:17
is the flat world of Thomas Friedman,
148
437160
3000
je ravni svijet Thomasa Friedmana,
07:20
isn't it.
149
440160
2000
zar ne?
07:22
It's not really, really flat.
150
442160
2000
Zaista nije ravan.
07:24
But the middle income countries --
151
444160
2000
Ali zemlje sa srednjim dohotkom --
07:26
and this is where I suggest to my students,
152
446160
2000
i ovdje sugeriram svojim studentima,
07:28
stop using the concept "developing world."
153
448160
3000
da prestanu korištenje koncepta 'zemlje u razvoju'.
07:31
Because after all, talking about the developing world
154
451160
3000
Jer nakon svega, govoreći o svijetu u razvoju
07:34
is like having two chapters in the history of the United States.
155
454160
4000
je kao imati dva poglavlja u istoriji Sjedinjenih država.
07:38
The last chapter is about present, and president Obama,
156
458160
4000
Posljednje poglavlje je o sadašnjosti i predsjedniku Obami,
07:42
and the other is about the past,
157
462160
2000
a drugo je o prošlosti,
07:44
where you cover everything from Washington
158
464160
2000
koja pokriva sve od Washingtona
07:46
to Eisenhower.
159
466160
2000
do Eisenhowera.
07:48
Because Washington to Eisenhower,
160
468160
2000
Jer od Washingtona do Eisenhowera,
07:50
that is what we find in the developing world.
161
470160
2000
je ono što nalazimo u svijetu u razvoju.
07:52
We could actually go to Mayflower
162
472160
2000
Mogli bismo zapravo otići od Mayflowera
07:54
to Eisenhower,
163
474160
2000
do Eisenhowera,
07:56
and that would be put together into a developing world,
164
476160
3000
stavljeno zajedno u svijet u razvoju,
07:59
which is rightly growing its cities in a very amazing way,
165
479160
3000
koji razvija gradove na zapanjujući način,
08:02
which have great entrepreneurs,
166
482160
2000
koji ima sjajne poduzetnike,
08:04
but also have the collapsing countries.
167
484160
3000
ali takođe ima i propale države.
08:07
So, how could we make better sense about this?
168
487160
3000
Ali kako da bolje razumijemo ovo?
08:10
Well, one way of trying is to see whether we could
169
490160
3000
Jedan način je da pokušamo da vidimo može li se
08:13
look at income distribution.
170
493160
2000
posmatrati raspodjela dohotka.
08:15
This is the income distribution of peoples in the world,
171
495160
3000
Ovo je distribucija dohotka u svijetu,
08:18
from $1. This is where you have food to eat.
172
498160
3000
od jednog dolara. Ovo je gdje imate hranu za jelo.
08:21
These people go to bed hungry.
173
501160
2000
Ovi ljudi idu gladni u krevet.
08:23
And this is the number of people.
174
503160
2000
A ovo je broj ljudi.
08:25
This is $10, whether you have a public or a private
175
505160
2000
Ovo je 10 dolara, bez obzira imate li javni ili privatni
08:27
health service system. This is where you can
176
507160
2000
sistem zdravstvene zaštite. Ovdje možete
08:29
provide health service for your family and school for your children,
177
509160
3000
osigurati zdravlje za svoju porodicu i školovanje za svoju djecu,
08:32
and this is OECD countries:
178
512160
2000
a ovo su OECD zemlje:
08:34
Green, Latin America, East Europe.
179
514160
2000
Zelene, Latinska Amerika, Istočna Evropa.
08:36
This is East Asia, and the light blue there is South Asia.
180
516160
4000
Ovo je Istočna Azija, i svijetlo plava je Južna Azija.
08:40
And this is how the world changed.
181
520160
3000
I ovako se svijet promijenio.
08:43
It changed like this.
182
523160
2000
Ovako se promijenio.
08:45
Can you see how it's growing? And how hundreds of millions
183
525160
3000
Možete li vidjeti kako raste? I kako stotine miliona
08:48
and billions is coming out of poverty in Asia?
184
528160
3000
i milijardi izlazi iz siromaštva u Aziji?
08:51
And it goes over here?
185
531160
2000
I ide ovdje?
08:53
And I come now, into projections,
186
533160
2000
I sada ulazim u projekcije,
08:55
but I have to stop at the door of Lehman Brothers there, you know, because --
187
535160
3000
ali moram stati na vratima Lehman Brothers-a ovdje, jer, vidite --
08:58
(Laughter)
188
538160
3000
(Smijeh)
09:01
that's where the projections are not valid any longer.
189
541160
2000
tu projekcije više nisu validne.
09:03
Probably the world will do this.
190
543160
2000
Vjerovatno će svijet uraditi ovo
09:05
and then it will continue forward like this.
191
545160
3000
i nastaviće ovako.
09:08
But more or less, this is what will happen,
192
548160
2000
Ali manje-više, to će se desiti,
09:10
and we have a world which cannot be looked upon as divided.
193
550160
5000
i imamo svijet koji više ne možemo posmatrati kao podijeljen.
09:15
We have the high income countries here,
194
555160
2000
Imamo zemlje sa visokim dohotkom ovdje,
09:17
with the United States as a leading power;
195
557160
3000
sa Sjedinjenim državama kao vodećom snagom;
09:20
we have the emerging economies in the middle,
196
560160
3000
imamo ekonomije u nastajanju u sredini,
09:23
which provide a lot of the funding for the bailout;
197
563160
2000
koje će osigurati mnogo sredstava za izlazak iz krize;
09:25
and we have the low income countries here.
198
565160
3000
i imamo zemlje sa niskim dohotkom ovdje.
09:28
Yeah, this is a fact that from where the money comes,
199
568160
3000
Da, činjenica je da odatle dolazi novac.
09:31
they have been saving, you know, over the last decade.
200
571160
2000
oni su štedjeli, znate, tokom posljednje dekade.
09:33
And here we have the low income countries
201
573160
2000
I ovdje imamo zemlje niskog dohotka
09:35
where entrepreneurs are.
202
575160
2000
gdje su poduzetnici.
09:37
And here we have the countries in collapse and war,
203
577160
3000
I ovdje imamo zemlje u propadanju i ratovima,
09:40
like Afghanistan, Somalia, parts of Congo, Darfur.
204
580160
5000
kao Afganistan, Somalija, dijelovi Konga, Darfur.
09:45
We have all this at the same time.
205
585160
2000
Sve ovo imamo istovremeno.
09:47
That's why it's so problematic to describe what has happened
206
587160
2000
Zato je problematično opisati šta se dogodilo
09:49
in the developing world.
207
589160
2000
u zemljama u razvoju.
09:51
Because it's so different, what has happened there.
208
591160
2000
Jer je tako različito, to što se tamo događalo.
09:53
And that's why I suggest
209
593160
2000
I zato ja sugerišem
09:55
a slightly different approach of what you would call it.
210
595160
3000
malo drugačiji pristup od onoga kako biste ga nazvali.
09:58
And you have huge differences within countries also.
211
598160
4000
Takođe postoje i velike razlike unutar zemalja.
10:02
I heard that your departments here were by regions.
212
602160
3000
Vaši odjeli ovdje su regioni.
10:05
Here you have Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia,
213
605160
3000
Ovdje imate Subsaharsku Afriku, Južnu Aziju,
10:08
East Asia, Arab states,
214
608160
2000
Istočnu Aziju, Arapske države,
10:10
East Europe, Latin America, and OECD.
215
610160
2000
Istočnu Evropu, Latinsku Ameriku, i OECD.
10:12
And on this axis, GDP.
216
612160
2000
I na ovoj osi dohodak.
10:14
And on this, heath, child survival,
217
614160
2000
A na ovoj, zdravlje, preživljavanje djece
10:16
and it doesn't come as a surprise
218
616160
2000
i nije iznenađenje
10:18
that Africa south of Sahara is at the bottom.
219
618160
3000
da je na dnu Afrika i jug Sahare.
10:21
But when I split it, when I split it
220
621160
2000
Ali kada ih podijelim
10:23
into country bubbles,
221
623160
2000
na mjehuriće po zemljama,
10:25
the size of the bubbles here is the population.
222
625160
3000
veličina mjehurića ovdje predstavlja populaciju.
10:28
Then you see Sierra Leone and Mauritius, completely different.
223
628160
3000
Vidite da su Sierra Leone i Mauritius, potpuno drugačiji.
10:31
There is such a difference within Sub-Saharan Africa.
224
631160
2000
Ovdje je takva razlika unutar Subsaharske Afrike.
10:33
And I can split the others. Here is the South Asian,
225
633160
3000
Mogu podijeliti i ostale. Ovdje je Južna Azija,
10:36
Arab world.
226
636160
2000
Arapski svijet.
10:38
Now all your different departments.
227
638160
2000
Sada svi vaši različiti odjeli.
10:40
East Europe, Latin America, and OECD countries.
228
640160
3000
Istočna Evropa, Latinska Amerika, i OECD zemlje.
10:43
And here were are. We have a continuum in the world.
229
643160
3000
I ovdje smo. Imamo kontinuum u svijetu.
10:46
We cannot put it into two parts.
230
646160
2000
Ne možemo ga podijeliti na dva dijela.
10:48
It is Mayflower down here. It is Washington here,
231
648160
3000
Mayflower je ovdje. Washington je ovdje,
10:51
building, building countries.
232
651160
2000
gradeći, gradeći države.
10:53
It's Lincoln here, advancing them.
233
653160
4000
Lincoln je ovdje, unapređuje ih.
10:57
It's Eisenhower bringing modernity into the countries.
234
657160
3000
To je Eisenhower koji donosi modernizaciju u države.
11:00
And then it's United States today, up here.
235
660160
2000
A ovo su Sjedinjene države danas, ovdje gore.
11:02
And we have countries all this way.
236
662160
2000
I tako imamo države.
11:04
Now, this is the important thing
237
664160
3000
Ovo je važno
11:07
of understanding how the world has changed.
238
667160
4000
u razumijevanju kako se svijet promijenio.
11:11
At this point I decided to make a pause.
239
671160
4000
Na ovom mjestu sam odlučio napraviti pauzu.
11:15
(Laughter)
240
675160
2000
(Smijeh)
11:17
And it is my task, on behalf of the rest of the world,
241
677160
3000
I moj zadatak je, u ime ostatka svijeta,
11:20
to convey a thanks to the U.S. taxpayers,
242
680160
4000
da prenesem zahvalnost poreskim obveznicima u SAD-u
11:24
for Demographic Health Survey.
243
684160
2000
za Demografsku anketu o zdravlju.
11:26
Many are not aware of -- no, this is not a joke.
244
686160
3000
Mnogi ne znaju za nju -- ne, ovo nije šala.
11:29
This is very serious.
245
689160
2000
Ovo je veoma ozbiljno.
11:31
It is due to USA's continuous sponsoring
246
691160
4000
Zahvaljujući neprekidnom sponzorstvu SAD-a
11:35
during 25 years of the very good methodology
247
695160
3000
tokom 25 godina primjene veoma dobre metodologije
11:38
for measuring child mortality
248
698160
2000
za mjerenje stope smrtnosti djece,
11:40
that we have a grasp of what's happening in the world.
249
700160
3000
sada imamo uvid u to što se dešava u svijetu.
11:43
(Applause)
250
703160
7000
(Aplauz)
11:50
And it is U.S. government at its best,
251
710160
3000
To je vlada SAD-a u najboljem svjetlu,
11:53
without advocacy, providing facts,
252
713160
3000
bez propagande, prezentira činjenice
11:56
that it's useful for the society.
253
716160
2000
koje su korisne za društvo.
11:58
And providing data free of charge
254
718160
3000
I omogućava slobodan i besplatan pristup podacima
12:01
on the internet, for the world to use. Thank you very much.
255
721160
3000
na internetu, dostupan cijelom svijetu. Hvala vam mnogo.
12:04
Quite the opposite of the World Bank,
256
724160
2000
Što je suprotno praksi Svjetske banke,
12:06
who compiled data with government money,
257
726160
3000
koja sastavlja podatke koristeći novac vlade,
12:09
tax money, and then they sell it to add a little profit,
258
729160
3000
poreskih obveznika i onda ih prodaje uz mali profit,
12:12
in a very inefficient, Gutenberg way.
259
732160
3000
na veoma neefikasan, Gutenbergov način.
12:15
(Applause)
260
735160
6000
(Aplauz)
12:21
But the people doing that at the World Bank
261
741160
2000
Ali ljudi koji to rade u Svjetskoj banci
12:23
are among the best in the world.
262
743160
2000
su među najboljima u svijetu.
12:25
And they are highly skilled professionals.
263
745160
2000
I oni su veoma sposobni stručnjaci.
12:27
It's just that we would like to upgrade our international agencies
264
747160
4000
Mi samo želimo unaprijediti naše međunarodne agencije
12:31
to deal with the world in the modern way, as we do.
265
751160
3000
da se bave svijetom na moderan način, kao mi.
12:34
And when it comes to free data and transparency,
266
754160
3000
I kada govorimo o besplatnim podacima i transparentnosti,
12:37
United States of America is one of the best.
267
757160
3000
Sjedinjene Američke države su među najboljima.
12:40
And that doesn't come easy from the mouth of a Swedish public health professor.
268
760160
3000
To nije lako izgovoriti jednom švedskom profesoru javnog zdravstva.
12:43
(Laughter)
269
763160
3000
(Smijeh)
12:46
And I'm not paid to come here, no.
270
766160
3000
I nisam plaćen za dolazak ovdje, ne.
12:49
I would like to show you what happens with the data,
271
769160
2000
Želim da vam pokažem šta se dešava sa podacima,
12:51
what we can show with this data.
272
771160
2000
šta sve možemo pokazati sa ovim podacima.
12:53
Look here. This is the world.
273
773160
2000
Pogledajte. Ovo je svijet.
12:55
With income down there and child mortality.
274
775160
2000
Sa prihodom ovdje dolje i smrtnošću djece ovdje.
12:57
And what has happened in the world?
275
777160
2000
I šta se dogodilo sa svijetom?
12:59
Since 1950, during the last 50 years
276
779160
3000
Od 1950., tokom posljednjih 50 godina
13:02
we have had a fall in child mortality.
277
782160
3000
imamo pad smrtnosti djece.
13:05
And it is the DHS that makes it possible to know this.
278
785160
2000
I zahvaljujući DHS-u imamo priliku to vidjeti.
13:07
And we had an increase in income.
279
787160
2000
I imali smo porast prihoda.
13:09
And the blue former developing countries
280
789160
2000
I plave bivše zemlje u razvoju
13:11
are mixing up with the former industrialized western world.
281
791160
5000
se miješaju sa bivšim industrijaliziranim zemljama zapadnog svijeta.
13:16
We have a continuum. But we still have, of course,
282
796160
3000
Imamo kontinuum. Ali još uvijek, naravno,
13:19
Congo, up there. We still have as poor countries
283
799160
3000
imamo Kongo ovdje gore. Imamo siromašne zemlje
13:22
as we have had, always, in history.
284
802160
4000
kao što smo uvijek u istoriji imali.
13:26
And that's the bottom billion, where we've heard today
285
806160
3000
I ovo je milijarda na dnu, danas smo čuli
13:29
about a completely new approach to do it.
286
809160
3000
o potpuno novom pristupu tome.
13:32
And how fast has this happened?
287
812160
3000
I koliko brzo se ovo desilo?
13:35
Well, MDG 4.
288
815160
2000
Pa, MDG 4 (milenijumski cilj za smanjenje smrtnosti djece).
13:37
The United States has not been so eager
289
817160
2000
Sjedinjene države nisu baš tako željne
13:39
to use MDG 4.
290
819160
3000
da koriste MDG 4.
13:42
But you have been the main sponsor that has enabled us to measure it,
291
822160
3000
Ali vi ste bili najvažniji sponzor koji je omogućio da ga mjerimo,
13:45
because it's the only child mortality that we can measure.
292
825160
3000
jer je jedino smrtnost djece to što možemo mjeriti.
13:48
And we used to say that it should fall four percent per year.
293
828160
3000
I govorili smo da treba da pada 4 posto godišnje.
13:51
Let's see what Sweden has done.
294
831160
2000
Pogledajmo šta je uradila Švedska.
13:53
We used to boast about fast social progress.
295
833160
3000
Ponosili smo se brzim socijalnim napretkom.
13:56
That's where we were, 1900.
296
836160
2000
Bili smo ovdje 1900.
13:58
1900, Sweden was there.
297
838160
2000
Švedska je bila ovdje 1900.
14:00
Same child mortality as Bangladesh had, 1990,
298
840160
2000
Istu stopu smrtnosti djece imao je Bangladeš 1990.,
14:02
though they had lower income.
299
842160
2000
iako su imali niži dohodak.
14:04
They started very well. They used the aid well.
300
844160
3000
Oni su dobro započeli. Dobro su iskoristili pomoć.
14:07
They vaccinated the kids. They get better water.
301
847160
2000
Vakcinisali su djecu. Poboljšali su vodosnadbijevanje.
14:09
And they reduced child mortality,
302
849160
2000
I smanjili su smrtnost djece,
14:11
with an amazing 4.7 percent per year. They beat Sweden.
303
851160
3000
sa stopom od zapanjujućih 4,7 posto godišnje. Prestigli su Švedsku.
14:14
I run Sweden the same 16 year period.
304
854160
4000
Pomjeram Švedsku kroz isti period od 16 godina.
14:18
Second round, it's Sweden, 1916,
305
858160
2000
Druga runda, ovo je Švedska 1916.
14:20
against Egypt, 1990.
306
860160
2000
protiv Egipta 1990.
14:22
Here we go. Once again the USA is part of the reason here.
307
862160
3000
Idemo. Još jednom su Sjedinjene države djelimičan razlog ovdje.
14:25
They get safe water, they get food for the poor,
308
865160
4000
Dobili su sigurniju vodu, hranu za siromašne,
14:29
and they get malaria eradicated.
309
869160
2000
i iskorijenili su malariju.
14:31
5.5 percent. They are faster than the millennium development goal.
310
871160
3000
5,5 posto. Brži su od milenijumskog razvojnog cilja.
14:34
And third chance for Sweden, against Brazil here.
311
874160
3000
I treća šansa za Švedsku, protiv Brazila ovdje.
14:37
Brazil here has amazing social improvement
312
877160
4000
Ovdje Brazil ima sjajan socijalni napredak
14:41
over the last 16 years,
313
881160
2000
u posljednjih 16 godina,
14:43
and they go faster than Sweden.
314
883160
2000
i oni su brži od Švedske.
14:45
This means that the world is converging.
315
885160
2000
To znači da se svijet ide ka jednog tački.
14:47
The middle income countries,
316
887160
2000
Zemlje sa srednjim dohotkom,
14:49
the emerging economy, they are catching up.
317
889160
2000
ekonomije u razvoju, one se sustižu.
14:51
They are moving to cities,
318
891160
2000
Oni se pomjeraju prema gradovima,
14:53
where they also get better assistance for that.
319
893160
2000
gdje takođe dobijajaju bolju pomoć za to.
14:55
Well the Swedish students protest at this point.
320
895160
3000
Na ovom mjestu su Švedski studenti protestvovali.
14:58
They say, "This is not fair,
321
898160
2000
Rekli su: "To nije fer,
15:00
because these countries had vaccines and antibiotics
322
900160
2000
jer ove zemlje su imale vakcine i antibiotike
15:02
that were not available for Sweden.
323
902160
2000
koji nisu dostupni u Švedskoj.
15:04
We have to do real-time competition."
324
904160
2000
Treba da napravimo realističnu konkurenciju."
15:06
Okay. I give you Singapore, the year I was born.
325
906160
3000
U redu. Dajem vam Singapur, u godini mog rođenja.
15:09
Singapore had twice the child mortality of Sweden.
326
909160
2000
Singapur je imao dvostruko veću stopu smrtnosti djece od Švedske.
15:11
It's the most tropical country in the world,
327
911160
2000
To je najtropskija zemlja na svijetu,
15:13
a marshland on the equator.
328
913160
2000
u vlažnoj zoni na ekvatoru.
15:15
And here we go. It took a little time for them to get independent.
329
915160
3000
I sada idemo. Trebalo im je malo vremena da dobiju nezavisnost.
15:18
But then they started to grow their economy.
330
918160
2000
Nakon toga su počeli graditi svoju ekonomiju.
15:20
And they made the social investment. They got away malaria.
331
920160
2000
Napravili su socijalne investicije. Iskorijenili su malariju.
15:22
They got a magnificent health system
332
922160
2000
Napravili su odličan sistem zdravstva
15:24
that beat both the U.S. and Sweden.
333
924160
2000
bolji i od američkog i od švedskog.
15:26
We never thought it would happen that they would win over Sweden!
334
926160
3000
Nikad ne bismo pomislili da će pobijediti Švedsku!
15:29
(Applause)
335
929160
8000
(Aplauz)
15:37
All these green countries are achieving millennium development goals.
336
937160
3000
Sve ove zelene zemlje dostižu milenijumske razvojne ciljeve.
15:40
These yellow are just about to be doing this.
337
940160
2000
Žute su na putu da to učine.
15:42
These red are the countries that doesn't do it, and the policy has to be improved.
338
942160
3000
Ove crvene zemlje to ne rade i politike se moraju unaprijediti.
15:45
Not simplistic extrapolation.
339
945160
3000
Nema jednostavne ekstrapolacije.
15:48
We have to really find a way
340
948160
2000
Moramo zaista pronaći način
15:50
of supporting those countries in a better way.
341
950160
2000
da se ove zemlje podrže na bolji način.
15:52
We have to respect the middle income countries
342
952160
3000
Moramo poštovati zemlje sa srednjim dohotkom
15:55
on what they are doing.
343
955160
2000
zbog toga što rade.
15:57
And we have to fact-base the whole way we look at the world.
344
957160
3000
I moramo zasnovati na činjenicama način na koji gledamo na svijet.
16:00
This is dollar per person. This is HIV in the countries.
345
960160
3000
Ovo je dolar po osobi. Ovo je HIV u zemljama.
16:03
The blue is Africa.
346
963160
2000
Ovo plavo je Afrika.
16:05
The size of the bubbles is how many are HIV affected.
347
965160
3000
Veličina mjehurića pokazuje koliko ima pogođenih HIV-om.
16:08
You see the tragedy in South Africa there.
348
968160
2000
Vidite tragediju u Južnoj Africi ovdje.
16:10
About 20 percent of the adult population are infected.
349
970160
3000
Oko 20 procenata populacije je zaraženo.
16:13
And in spite of them having quite a high income,
350
973160
3000
I uprkos tome što imaju prilično visok dohodak,
16:16
they have a huge number of HIV infected.
351
976160
3000
imaju veliki broj inficiranih HIV-om.
16:19
But you also see that there are African countries down here.
352
979160
3000
Ali ovdje dolje takođe vidite da ima afričkih zemalja,
16:22
There is no such thing as an HIV epidemic in Africa.
353
982160
4000
gdje ne postoji nešto kao epidemija HIV-a.
16:26
There's a number, five to 10 countries in Africa
354
986160
3000
Postoji broj, 5 do 10 zemalja u Africi
16:29
that has the same level as Sweden and United States.
355
989160
3000
koje imaju isti nivo kao Švedska i Sjedinjene države.
16:32
And there are others who are extremely high.
356
992160
2000
A tu su i države koje imaju ekstremno visok nivo HIV-a.
16:34
And I will show you that what has happened
357
994160
3000
I pokazaću vam šta se dogodilo
16:37
in one of the best countries, with the most vibrant economy
358
997160
4000
u jednoj od najboljih država, sa živom ekonomijim
16:41
in Africa and a good governance, Botswana.
359
1001160
3000
u Africi, sa dobrom upravom, Botswani.
16:44
They have a very high level. It's coming down.
360
1004160
2000
Imaju visok nivo koji se smanjuje.
16:46
But now it's not falling,
361
1006160
2000
Ali sada ne pada,
16:48
because there, with help from PEPFAR,
362
1008160
2000
jer tamo, uz pomoć PEPFAR-a,
16:50
it's working with treatment. And people are not dying.
363
1010160
3000
postoji tretman. I ljudi ne umiru.
16:53
And you can see it's not that easy,
364
1013160
3000
I možete vidjeti da to nije jednostavno,
16:56
that it is war which caused this.
365
1016160
3000
to je rat prouzrokovao.
16:59
Because here, in Congo, there is war.
366
1019160
2000
Jer ovdje, u Kongu, je rat.
17:01
And here, in Zambia, there is peace.
367
1021160
3000
A ovdje u Zambiji, je mir.
17:04
And it's not the economy. Richer country has a little higher.
368
1024160
3000
I nije u pitanju ekonomija. Bogatija zemlja ima malo više.
17:07
If I split Tanzania in its income,
369
1027160
2000
Ako podijelim Tanzaniju po dohotku,
17:09
the richer 20 percent in Tanzania
370
1029160
2000
bogatijih 20 procenata u Tanzaniji,
17:11
has more HIV than the poorest one.
371
1031160
2000
ima više HIV-a nego oni siromašniji.
17:13
And it's really different within each country.
372
1033160
3000
I to je zaista različito od zemlje do zemlje.
17:16
Look at the provinces of Kenya. They are very different.
373
1036160
2000
Pogledajte pokrajine Kenije. One su veoma različite.
17:18
And this is the situation you see.
374
1038160
3000
I ovo je situacija koju vidite.
17:21
It's not deep poverty. It's the special situation,
375
1041160
3000
Nije duboko siromaštvo. To je posebna situacija,
17:24
probably of concurrent sexual partnership
376
1044160
3000
vjerovatno istovremenih seksualnih veza
17:27
among part of the heterosexual population
377
1047160
3000
u dijelu heteroseksualne populacije
17:30
in some countries, or some parts of countries,
378
1050160
2000
u nekim zemljama, ili dijelovima zemalja,
17:32
in south and eastern Africa.
379
1052160
2000
u južnoj i istočnoj Africi.
17:34
Don't make it Africa. Don't make it a race issue.
380
1054160
3000
Nemojte to smatrati pitanjem Afrike. Nemojte to činiti rasnim pitanjem.
17:37
Make it a local issue. And do prevention at each place,
381
1057160
4000
Učinite to lokalnim pitanjem. Djelujte preventivno na svakom mjestu,
17:41
in the way it can be done there.
382
1061160
2000
onako kako se to može uraditi ovdje.
17:43
So to just end up,
383
1063160
3000
Tako da završim,
17:46
there are things of suffering
384
1066160
3000
među milijardom najsiromašnijih
17:49
in the one billion poorest, which we don't know.
385
1069160
3000
postoje patnje, za koje ne znamo.
17:52
Those who live beyond the cellphone,
386
1072160
2000
Oni koji žive bez mobitela,
17:54
those who have yet to see a computer,
387
1074160
2000
oni koji nikad nisu vidjeli kompjuter,
17:56
those who have no electricity at home.
388
1076160
3000
oni koji nemaju električnu energiju u kućama.
17:59
This is the disease, Konzo, I spent 20 years
389
1079160
2000
Ovo je bolest Konzo, proveo sam 20 godina
18:01
elucidating in Africa.
390
1081160
2000
objašnjavajući je u Africi.
18:03
It's caused by fast processing of toxic cassava root in famine situation.
391
1083160
5000
Uzrokovana je brzim spremanjem otrovnog korijena manioke u slučaju gladi.
18:08
It's similar to the pellagra epidemic in Mississippi in the '30s.
392
1088160
4000
Slična je epidemiji pelagre u Mississippiju tridesetih godina.
18:12
It's similar to other nutritional diseases.
393
1092160
3000
Slična je drugim bolestima ishrane.
18:15
It will never affect a rich person.
394
1095160
2000
Nikad ne pogađa bogate.
18:17
We have seen it here in Mozambique.
395
1097160
3000
Vidjeli smo je u Mozambiku.
18:20
This is the epidemic in Mozambique. This is an epidemic in northern Tanzania.
396
1100160
3000
Ovo je epidemija u Mozambiku. Ovo je epidemija u sjevernoj Tanzaniji.
18:23
You never heard about the disease.
397
1103160
2000
Nikad niste čuli za ovu bolest.
18:25
But it's much more than Ebola
398
1105160
2000
Ali u poređenju sa ebolom,
18:27
that has been affected by this disease.
399
1107160
2000
ona je pogodila više ljudi.
18:29
Cause crippling throughout the world.
400
1109160
2000
Uzrokuje sakaćenja širom svijeta.
18:31
And over the last two years,
401
1111160
2000
I u protekle dvije godine
18:33
2,000 people has been crippled
402
1113160
2000
dvije hiljade ljudi je osakaćeno
18:35
in the southern tip of Bandundu region.
403
1115160
2000
u južnom kraju Budundu regiona.
18:37
That used to be the illegal diamond trade,
404
1117160
2000
Bila je to ilegalna trgovina dijamantima,
18:39
from the UNITA-dominated area in Angola.
405
1119160
3000
iz regije u kojoj vlada UNITA u Angoli.
18:42
That has now disappeared,
406
1122160
2000
Sada je to nestalo
18:44
and they are now in great economic problem.
407
1124160
2000
i oni su u velikim ekonomskim problemima.
18:46
And one week ago, for the first time,
408
1126160
3000
Prošle sedmice, po prvi put,
18:49
there were four lines on the Internet.
409
1129160
3000
tamo su bile četiri linije na internetu.
18:52
Don't get confused of the progress of the emerging economies
410
1132160
3000
Nemojte miješati progres ekonomija u razvoju
18:55
and the great capacity
411
1135160
3000
i veliki kapacitet
18:58
of people in the middle income countries
412
1138160
2000
ljudi u zemljama sa srednjim dohotkom
19:00
and in peaceful low income countries.
413
1140160
2000
i mirnih zemalja sa niskim dohotkom.
19:02
There is still mystery in one billion.
414
1142160
2000
Još uvijek postoji misterija jedne milijarde.
19:04
And we have to have more concepts
415
1144160
2000
I moramo imati više koncepata
19:06
than just developing countries and developing world.
416
1146160
3000
nego samo zemlje u razvoju.
19:09
We need a new mindset. The world is converging,
417
1149160
3000
Potreban nam je novi način razmišljanja. Svijet konvergira
19:12
but -- but -- but not the bottom billion.
418
1152160
3000
ali - ali ne i milijarda sa dna.
19:15
They are still as poor as they've ever been.
419
1155160
3000
Oni su još uvijek siromašni kao što su uvijek i bili.
19:18
It's not sustainable, and it will not happen around one superpower.
420
1158160
5000
To nije održivo i neće se dogoditi oko jedne supersile.
19:23
But you will remain
421
1163160
2000
Ali vi ćete ostati
19:25
one of the most important superpowers,
422
1165160
3000
jedna od najvažnijih supersila,
19:28
and the most hopeful superpower, for the time to be.
423
1168160
3000
i jedna od najperspektivnijih supersila, za sada.
19:31
And this institution
424
1171160
2000
I ova institucija
19:33
will have a very crucial role,
425
1173160
2000
će imati ključnu ulogu,
19:35
not for United States, but for the world.
426
1175160
2000
ne za Sjedinjene države, nego za svijet.
19:37
So you have a very bad name,
427
1177160
3000
Imate veoma neprikladno ime,
19:40
State Department. This is not the State Department.
428
1180160
2000
State Department (državni odjel). To nije State Department.
19:42
It's the World Department.
429
1182160
2000
To je World departmetnt (svjetski odjel).
19:44
And we have a high hope in you. Thank you very much.
430
1184160
2000
I gledamo u vas s nadom. Hvala mnogo.
19:46
(Applause)
431
1186160
5000
(Aplauz)
O ovoj web stranici

Ova stranica će vas upoznati sa YouTube video zapisima koji su korisni za učenje engleskog jezika. Vidjet ćete časove engleskog jezika koje drže vrhunski nastavnici iz cijelog svijeta. Dvaput kliknite na titlove na engleskom koji su prikazani na svakoj stranici s videozapisom da odatle reprodukujete videozapis. Titlovi se pomeraju sinhronizovano sa video reprodukcijom. Ako imate bilo kakvih komentara ili zahtjeva, kontaktirajte nas putem ove kontakt forme.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7