Hans Rosling: Let my dataset change your mindset

152,220 views ・ 2009-08-31

TED


Molimo dvaput kliknite na engleski titl ispod za reprodukciju videa.

Translator: Nela Kacmarcik Reviewer: Tatjana Jevdjic
00:16
I'm going to talk about your mindset.
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Govoriću o vašem načinu razmišljanja.
00:20
Does your mindset correspond to my dataset?
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Da li vaš način razmišljanja odgovara podacima koje imam?
00:24
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:25
If not, one or the other needs upgrading, isn't it?
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Ako ne, jedno ili drugo treba unaprijediti, zar ne?
00:28
When I talk to my students about global issues,
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Kada svojim studentima govorim o globalnim pitanjima,
00:32
and I listen to them in the coffee break,
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i kada ih slušam u pauzama za kafu,
00:34
they always talk about "we" and "them."
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oni uvijek govore o 'nama' i 'njima'.
00:37
And when they come back into the lecture room
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I kada se vrate u salu za predavanja
00:40
I ask them, "What do you mean with "we" and "them"?
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pitam ih: "Šta želite reći sa 'mi' i 'oni' ?"
00:42
"Oh, it's very easy. It's the western world and it's the developing world," they say.
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"Oh, to je bar lako. Postoji zapadni svijet i zemlje u razvoju", kažu oni.
00:45
"We learned it in college."
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"To smo naučili u koledžu."
00:47
And what is the definition then? "The definition?
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I šta je onda definicija? "Definicija?
00:49
Everyone knows," they say.
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Pa to svi znaju", kažu oni.
00:51
But then you know, I press them like this.
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"Pa onda znate i vi", uporno insistiram.
00:53
So one girl said, very cleverly, "It's very easy.
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Jedna djevojka pametno reče: "To je veoma jednostavno.
00:55
Western world is a long life in a small family.
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Zapadni svijet znači dug život i mala porodica.
00:58
Developing world is a short life in a large family."
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Zemlje u razvoju znače kratak život i velika porodica."
01:01
And I like that definition, because it enabled me
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I meni se svidjela ta definicija, jer mi je omogućila
01:04
to transfer their mindset
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da prenesem njihovo mišljenje
01:06
into the dataset.
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u bazu podataka.
01:08
And here you have the dataset.
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I ovdje je set podataka.
01:10
So, you can see that what we have on this axis here
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Možete vidjeti da je na ovoj osi
01:12
is size of family. One, two, three, four, five
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veličina porodice. Jedno, dvoje, troje, četvoro, petoro
01:15
children per woman on this axis.
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djece za svaku ženu na ovoj osi.
01:17
And here, length of life, life expectancy,
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A ovdje je prikazan očekivani životni vijek,
01:19
30, 40, 50.
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30, 40, 50.
01:21
Exactly what the students said was their concept about the world.
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Upravo ono što su studenti govorili da opisuje njihov koncept svijeta.
01:25
And really this is about the bedroom.
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A zapravo ovdje se govori o spavaonici.
01:27
Whether the man and woman decide to have small family,
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Da li su muškarac i žena odlučili da imaju malu porodicu
01:31
and take care of their kids, and how long they will live.
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i brinu o svojoj djeci, te koliko dugo će živjeti.
01:34
It's about the bathroom and the kitchen. If you have soap, water and food, you know,
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Ovdje se radi o kupatilu i kuhinji. Ako imate sapun, vodu i hranu, znate,
01:38
you can live long.
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možete živjeti dugo.
01:40
And the students were right. It wasn't that the world consisted --
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I studenti su bili u pravu. Nije da se svijet sastoji --
01:42
the world consisted here, of one set of countries over here,
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svijet se sastoji, od jedne grupe zemalja ovdje,
01:46
which had large families and short life. Developing world.
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koje imaju velike porodice i kratak životni vijek. Svijet u razvoju.
01:50
And we had one set of countries up there
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Zatim, tu je jedna grupa zemalja ovdje
01:53
which was the western world.
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koja predstavlja zapadni svijet.
01:55
They had small families and long life.
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Oni imaju male porodice i dug životni vijek.
01:58
And you are going to see here
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I sada ćete ovdje vidjeti
02:00
the amazing thing that has happened in the world during my lifetime.
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nešto zapanjujuće što se dogodilo u svijetu za vrijeme mog života.
02:04
Then the developing countries applied
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Tada su zemlje u razvoju primijenile
02:06
soap and water, vaccination.
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sapun i vodu, vakcinaciju.
02:08
And all the developing world started to apply family planning.
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I cijeli svijet u razvoju je počeo planirati porodicu.
02:11
And partly to USA who help to provide
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I djelimično zbog SAD-u koji pomaže u davanju
02:13
technical advice and investment.
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tehničkih savjeta i investicija.
02:16
And you see all the world moves over to a two child family,
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Vidite da se cijeli svijet se pomjera prema porodicama sa dvoje djece
02:20
and a life with 60 to 70 years.
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i životnom vijeku od 60 do 70 godina.
02:23
But some countries remain back in this area here.
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Ipak neke zemlje zaostaju u ovoj oblasti ovdje.
02:26
And you can see we still have Afghanistan down here.
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Još uvijek možete vidjeti Afganistan ovdje dolje.
02:29
We have Liberia. We have Congo.
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Imamo Liberiju. Imamo Kongo.
02:32
So we have countries living there.
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Znači imamo zemlje koje tu žive.
02:34
So the problem I had
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Tako da je moj problem bio taj,
02:36
is that the worldview that my students had
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da je pogled na svijet mojih studenata
02:40
corresponds to reality in the world
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odgovarao stvarnosti u svijetu u godini
02:42
the year their teachers were born.
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kada su njihovi učitelji rođeni.
02:45
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:48
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
02:51
And we, in fact, when we have played this over the world.
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I u stvari, kada smo prezentirali ovo širom svijeta --
02:54
I was at the Global Health Conference here in Washington last week,
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Bio sam na Globalnoj konferenciji ovdje u Washingtonu prošle nedjelje,
02:57
and I could see the wrong concept
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i mogao sam vidjeti pogrešan koncept
03:00
even active people in United States had,
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koji su čak i aktivni ljudi u Sjedinjenim državama imali,
03:03
that they didn't realize the improvement
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koji nisu uvidjeli napredak
03:06
of Mexico there, and China, in relation to United States.
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Meksika ovdje i Kine u poređenju sa Sjedinjenim državama.
03:11
Look here when I move them forward.
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Pogledajte sada kada ih pomjerim unaprijed.
03:13
Here we go.
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Idemo.
03:20
They catch up. There's Mexico.
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Približavaju se. Ovdje je Meksiko.
03:23
It's on par with United States in these two social dimensions.
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Izjednačen je sa Sjedinjenim državama u dvije socijalne dimenzije.
03:26
There was less than five percent
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Manje od pet procenata specijalista
03:28
of the specialists in Global Health that was aware of this.
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u Svjetskom zdravstvu je bilo svjesno ovog.
03:31
This great nation, Mexico,
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Ova sjajna država, Meksiko,
03:33
has the problem that arms are coming from North,
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imala je problem oružja koje je stizalo sa sjevera,
03:36
across the borders, so they had to stop that,
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preko granice, tako da su to morali zaustaviti,
03:38
because they have this strange relationship to the United States, you know.
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jer imaju taj čudni odnos sa Sjedinjenim državama, kao što znate.
03:42
But if I would change this axis here,
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Ali ako bih promijenio ovu osu ovdje,
03:46
I would instead put income per person.
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radije bih ubacio dohodak po osobi.
03:49
Income per person. I can put that here.
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Dohodak po osobi, mogu to ubaciti ovdje.
03:52
And we will then see
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I tada ćemo vidjeti
03:54
a completely different picture.
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potpuno drugačiju sliku.
03:56
By the way, I'm teaching you
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Usput, učim vas
03:58
how to use our website, Gapminder World,
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kako da koristite našu web stranicu Gapminder World,
04:00
while I'm correcting this,
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dok ja ovo korigujem,
04:02
because this is a free utility on the net.
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jer je ovo besplatan alat na internetu.
04:05
And when I now finally got it right,
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I kada sam to konačno popravio,
04:08
I can go back 200 years in history.
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mogu otići 200 godina nazad u istoriju.
04:12
And I can find United States up there.
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I mogu pronaći Sjedinjene države ovdje.
04:16
And I can let the other countries be shown.
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I mogu dopustiti da se prikažu i ostale države.
04:19
And now I have income per person on this axis.
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I sada ovdje imam dohodak po osobi na ovoj osi.
04:22
And United States only had some, one, two thousand dollars at that time.
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Sjedinjene države su imale samo jednu do dvije hiljade dolara u to vrijeme.
04:25
And the life expectancy was 35 to 40 years,
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I očekivani životni vijek bio je 35 do 40 godina,
04:29
on par with Afghanistan today.
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isto kao u Afganistanu danas.
04:31
And what has happened in the world, I will show now.
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Šta se dogodilo u svijetu, sada ću pokazati.
04:36
This is instead of studying history
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Ovo je umjesto jedne godine
04:38
for one year at university.
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studiranja istorije na univerzitetu.
04:40
You can watch me for one minute now and you'll see the whole thing.
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Možete me gledati jedan minut i vidjećete sve.
04:43
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:45
You can see how the brown bubbles, which is west Europe,
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Možete vidjeti smeđe mjehuriće, to je zapadna Evropa,
04:50
and the yellow one, which is the United States,
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i žuti, to su Sjedinjene države,
04:53
they get richer and richer and also
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oni postaju bogatiji i bogatiji i takođe
04:55
start to get healthier and healthier.
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postaju zdraviji i zdraviji.
04:57
And this is now 100 years ago,
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Ovo je prije 100 godina,
04:59
where the rest of the world remains behind.
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dok ostatak svijeta zaostaje.
05:02
Here we come. And that was the influenza.
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Sad smo tu. I ovo je bila gripa.
05:07
That's why we are so scared about flu, isn't it?
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To je ono čega se jako plašimo, zar ne?
05:10
It's still remembered. The fall of life expectancy.
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Još uvijek je u sjećanju. Pad očekivanog životnog vijeka.
05:13
And then we come up. Not until
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I zatim se penjemo. Ne prije
05:16
independence started.
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početka nezavisnosti.
05:18
Look here You have China over there,
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Pogledajte ovdje Kinu,
05:20
you have India over there,
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i ovdje Indiju,
05:22
and this is what has happened.
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i ovo je to što se desilo.
05:30
Did you note there, that we have Mexico up there?
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Jeste li primijetili da je Meksiko ovdje gore?
05:33
Mexico is not at all on par with the United States,
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Meksiko uopšte nije u istoj ravni sa Sjedinjenim državama,
05:35
but they are quite close.
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ali su prilično blizu.
05:37
And especially, it's interesting to see
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I posebno je zanimljivo vidjeti
05:39
China and the United States
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Kinu i Sjedinjene države
05:41
during 200 years,
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tokom 200 godina,
05:44
because I have my oldest son now working for Google,
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jer moj najstariji sin sada radi za Google,
05:46
after Google acquired this software.
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nakon što je Google kupio ovaj software.
05:49
Because in fact, this is child labor. My son and his wife sat in a closet
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Zapravo, ovo je rad djece. Moj sin i njegova žena su bili u pozadini
05:52
for many years and developed this.
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mnogo godina i razvili su ovo.
05:54
And my youngest son, who studied Chinese in Beijing.
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I moj namlađi sin, koji studira kineski u Pekingu.
05:58
So they come in with the two perspectives I have, you know?
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Oni dakle dolaze sa dvije perspektive koje imam, znate?
06:02
And my son, youngest son who studied in Beijing,
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I moj najmlađi sin koji studira u Pekingu,
06:04
in China, he got a long-term perspective.
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u Kini, dobio je dugoročnu perspektivu.
06:08
Whereas when my oldest son, who works for Google,
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Dok moj najstariji sin, koji radi za Google,
06:10
he should develop by quarter, or by half-year.
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bi trebalo da je razvije za kvartal ili za pola godine.
06:14
Or Google is quite generous, so he can have one or two years to go.
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Ili Google je veoma širokogrud, tako da može imati još godinu ili dvije.
06:17
But in China they look generation after generation
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Ali u Kini gledaju generaciju za generacijom
06:19
because they remember
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jer se sjećaju
06:22
the very embarrassing period, for 100 years,
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sramotnog perioda, tokom 100 godina,
06:24
when they went backwards.
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kada su išli unazad.
06:26
And then they would remember the first part
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Tada bi se sjetili prvog dijela
06:29
of last century, which was really bad,
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prošlog vijeka, koji je bio veoma loš,
06:32
and we could go by this so-called Great Leap Forward.
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i mogli bismo ići ovim takozvanim 'Velikim zamahom naprijed'.
06:35
But this was 1963.
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Ali ovo je bila 1963.
06:37
Mao Tse-Tung eventually brought health to China,
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Ipak je na kraju, Mao Tse-Tung uveo zdravlje u Kinu
06:41
and then he died, and then Deng Xiaoping started
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i zatim umro. Tada je počeo Deng Xiaoping
06:43
this amazing move forward.
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ovaj zapanjujući pomak unaprijed.
06:45
Isn't it strange to see that the United States
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Zar nije čudno vidjeti da su Sjedinjene države
06:47
first grew the economy, and then gradually got rich?
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prvo izgradile ekonomiju i tek zatim se postepeno obogatile?
06:51
Whereas China could get healthy much earlier,
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Dok je Kina puno ranije mogla postati zdrava,
06:54
because they applied the knowledge of education, nutrition,
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jer su primijenili znanje iz obrazovanja, ishrane,
06:58
and then also benefits of penicillin
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i takođe koristi od penicilina,
07:01
and vaccines and family planning.
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vakcina i planiranja porodice.
07:03
And Asia could have social development
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I Azija je mogla imati socijalni razvoj
07:06
before they got the economic development.
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prije nego što su dostigli ekonomski razvoj.
07:09
So to me, as a public health professor,
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Tako da meni, kao profesoru javnog zdravstva,
07:11
it's not strange that all these countries grow so fast now.
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nije čudno da sve ove zemlje sada nastavljaju brzi rast.
07:15
Because what you see here, what you see here
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Jer ono što vidite ovdje, ono što vidite,
07:17
is the flat world of Thomas Friedman,
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je ravni svijet Thomasa Friedmana,
07:20
isn't it.
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zar ne?
07:22
It's not really, really flat.
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Zaista nije ravan.
07:24
But the middle income countries --
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Ali zemlje sa srednjim dohotkom --
07:26
and this is where I suggest to my students,
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i ovdje sugeriram svojim studentima,
07:28
stop using the concept "developing world."
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da prestanu korištenje koncepta 'zemlje u razvoju'.
07:31
Because after all, talking about the developing world
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Jer nakon svega, govoreći o svijetu u razvoju
07:34
is like having two chapters in the history of the United States.
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je kao imati dva poglavlja u istoriji Sjedinjenih država.
07:38
The last chapter is about present, and president Obama,
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Posljednje poglavlje je o sadašnjosti i predsjedniku Obami,
07:42
and the other is about the past,
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a drugo je o prošlosti,
07:44
where you cover everything from Washington
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koja pokriva sve od Washingtona
07:46
to Eisenhower.
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do Eisenhowera.
07:48
Because Washington to Eisenhower,
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Jer od Washingtona do Eisenhowera,
07:50
that is what we find in the developing world.
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je ono što nalazimo u svijetu u razvoju.
07:52
We could actually go to Mayflower
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Mogli bismo zapravo otići od Mayflowera
07:54
to Eisenhower,
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do Eisenhowera,
07:56
and that would be put together into a developing world,
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stavljeno zajedno u svijet u razvoju,
07:59
which is rightly growing its cities in a very amazing way,
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koji razvija gradove na zapanjujući način,
08:02
which have great entrepreneurs,
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koji ima sjajne poduzetnike,
08:04
but also have the collapsing countries.
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ali takođe ima i propale države.
08:07
So, how could we make better sense about this?
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Ali kako da bolje razumijemo ovo?
08:10
Well, one way of trying is to see whether we could
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Jedan način je da pokušamo da vidimo može li se
08:13
look at income distribution.
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posmatrati raspodjela dohotka.
08:15
This is the income distribution of peoples in the world,
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Ovo je distribucija dohotka u svijetu,
08:18
from $1. This is where you have food to eat.
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od jednog dolara. Ovo je gdje imate hranu za jelo.
08:21
These people go to bed hungry.
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Ovi ljudi idu gladni u krevet.
08:23
And this is the number of people.
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A ovo je broj ljudi.
08:25
This is $10, whether you have a public or a private
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Ovo je 10 dolara, bez obzira imate li javni ili privatni
08:27
health service system. This is where you can
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sistem zdravstvene zaštite. Ovdje možete
08:29
provide health service for your family and school for your children,
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osigurati zdravlje za svoju porodicu i školovanje za svoju djecu,
08:32
and this is OECD countries:
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a ovo su OECD zemlje:
08:34
Green, Latin America, East Europe.
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Zelene, Latinska Amerika, Istočna Evropa.
08:36
This is East Asia, and the light blue there is South Asia.
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Ovo je Istočna Azija, i svijetlo plava je Južna Azija.
08:40
And this is how the world changed.
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I ovako se svijet promijenio.
08:43
It changed like this.
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Ovako se promijenio.
08:45
Can you see how it's growing? And how hundreds of millions
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Možete li vidjeti kako raste? I kako stotine miliona
08:48
and billions is coming out of poverty in Asia?
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i milijardi izlazi iz siromaštva u Aziji?
08:51
And it goes over here?
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I ide ovdje?
08:53
And I come now, into projections,
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I sada ulazim u projekcije,
08:55
but I have to stop at the door of Lehman Brothers there, you know, because --
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ali moram stati na vratima Lehman Brothers-a ovdje, jer, vidite --
08:58
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
09:01
that's where the projections are not valid any longer.
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tu projekcije više nisu validne.
09:03
Probably the world will do this.
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Vjerovatno će svijet uraditi ovo
09:05
and then it will continue forward like this.
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i nastaviće ovako.
09:08
But more or less, this is what will happen,
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Ali manje-više, to će se desiti,
09:10
and we have a world which cannot be looked upon as divided.
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i imamo svijet koji više ne možemo posmatrati kao podijeljen.
09:15
We have the high income countries here,
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Imamo zemlje sa visokim dohotkom ovdje,
09:17
with the United States as a leading power;
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sa Sjedinjenim državama kao vodećom snagom;
09:20
we have the emerging economies in the middle,
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imamo ekonomije u nastajanju u sredini,
09:23
which provide a lot of the funding for the bailout;
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koje će osigurati mnogo sredstava za izlazak iz krize;
09:25
and we have the low income countries here.
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i imamo zemlje sa niskim dohotkom ovdje.
09:28
Yeah, this is a fact that from where the money comes,
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Da, činjenica je da odatle dolazi novac.
09:31
they have been saving, you know, over the last decade.
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oni su štedjeli, znate, tokom posljednje dekade.
09:33
And here we have the low income countries
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I ovdje imamo zemlje niskog dohotka
09:35
where entrepreneurs are.
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gdje su poduzetnici.
09:37
And here we have the countries in collapse and war,
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I ovdje imamo zemlje u propadanju i ratovima,
09:40
like Afghanistan, Somalia, parts of Congo, Darfur.
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kao Afganistan, Somalija, dijelovi Konga, Darfur.
09:45
We have all this at the same time.
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Sve ovo imamo istovremeno.
09:47
That's why it's so problematic to describe what has happened
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Zato je problematično opisati šta se dogodilo
09:49
in the developing world.
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u zemljama u razvoju.
09:51
Because it's so different, what has happened there.
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Jer je tako različito, to što se tamo događalo.
09:53
And that's why I suggest
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I zato ja sugerišem
09:55
a slightly different approach of what you would call it.
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malo drugačiji pristup od onoga kako biste ga nazvali.
09:58
And you have huge differences within countries also.
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Takođe postoje i velike razlike unutar zemalja.
10:02
I heard that your departments here were by regions.
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Vaši odjeli ovdje su regioni.
10:05
Here you have Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia,
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Ovdje imate Subsaharsku Afriku, Južnu Aziju,
10:08
East Asia, Arab states,
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Istočnu Aziju, Arapske države,
10:10
East Europe, Latin America, and OECD.
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Istočnu Evropu, Latinsku Ameriku, i OECD.
10:12
And on this axis, GDP.
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I na ovoj osi dohodak.
10:14
And on this, heath, child survival,
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A na ovoj, zdravlje, preživljavanje djece
10:16
and it doesn't come as a surprise
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i nije iznenađenje
10:18
that Africa south of Sahara is at the bottom.
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da je na dnu Afrika i jug Sahare.
10:21
But when I split it, when I split it
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Ali kada ih podijelim
10:23
into country bubbles,
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na mjehuriće po zemljama,
10:25
the size of the bubbles here is the population.
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veličina mjehurića ovdje predstavlja populaciju.
10:28
Then you see Sierra Leone and Mauritius, completely different.
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Vidite da su Sierra Leone i Mauritius, potpuno drugačiji.
10:31
There is such a difference within Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Ovdje je takva razlika unutar Subsaharske Afrike.
10:33
And I can split the others. Here is the South Asian,
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Mogu podijeliti i ostale. Ovdje je Južna Azija,
10:36
Arab world.
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Arapski svijet.
10:38
Now all your different departments.
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Sada svi vaši različiti odjeli.
10:40
East Europe, Latin America, and OECD countries.
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Istočna Evropa, Latinska Amerika, i OECD zemlje.
10:43
And here were are. We have a continuum in the world.
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I ovdje smo. Imamo kontinuum u svijetu.
10:46
We cannot put it into two parts.
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Ne možemo ga podijeliti na dva dijela.
10:48
It is Mayflower down here. It is Washington here,
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Mayflower je ovdje. Washington je ovdje,
10:51
building, building countries.
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gradeći, gradeći države.
10:53
It's Lincoln here, advancing them.
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Lincoln je ovdje, unapređuje ih.
10:57
It's Eisenhower bringing modernity into the countries.
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To je Eisenhower koji donosi modernizaciju u države.
11:00
And then it's United States today, up here.
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A ovo su Sjedinjene države danas, ovdje gore.
11:02
And we have countries all this way.
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I tako imamo države.
11:04
Now, this is the important thing
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Ovo je važno
11:07
of understanding how the world has changed.
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u razumijevanju kako se svijet promijenio.
11:11
At this point I decided to make a pause.
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Na ovom mjestu sam odlučio napraviti pauzu.
11:15
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
11:17
And it is my task, on behalf of the rest of the world,
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I moj zadatak je, u ime ostatka svijeta,
11:20
to convey a thanks to the U.S. taxpayers,
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da prenesem zahvalnost poreskim obveznicima u SAD-u
11:24
for Demographic Health Survey.
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za Demografsku anketu o zdravlju.
11:26
Many are not aware of -- no, this is not a joke.
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Mnogi ne znaju za nju -- ne, ovo nije šala.
11:29
This is very serious.
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Ovo je veoma ozbiljno.
11:31
It is due to USA's continuous sponsoring
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Zahvaljujući neprekidnom sponzorstvu SAD-a
11:35
during 25 years of the very good methodology
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tokom 25 godina primjene veoma dobre metodologije
11:38
for measuring child mortality
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za mjerenje stope smrtnosti djece,
11:40
that we have a grasp of what's happening in the world.
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sada imamo uvid u to što se dešava u svijetu.
11:43
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
11:50
And it is U.S. government at its best,
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To je vlada SAD-a u najboljem svjetlu,
11:53
without advocacy, providing facts,
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bez propagande, prezentira činjenice
11:56
that it's useful for the society.
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koje su korisne za društvo.
11:58
And providing data free of charge
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I omogućava slobodan i besplatan pristup podacima
12:01
on the internet, for the world to use. Thank you very much.
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na internetu, dostupan cijelom svijetu. Hvala vam mnogo.
12:04
Quite the opposite of the World Bank,
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Što je suprotno praksi Svjetske banke,
12:06
who compiled data with government money,
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koja sastavlja podatke koristeći novac vlade,
12:09
tax money, and then they sell it to add a little profit,
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poreskih obveznika i onda ih prodaje uz mali profit,
12:12
in a very inefficient, Gutenberg way.
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na veoma neefikasan, Gutenbergov način.
12:15
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
12:21
But the people doing that at the World Bank
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Ali ljudi koji to rade u Svjetskoj banci
12:23
are among the best in the world.
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su među najboljima u svijetu.
12:25
And they are highly skilled professionals.
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I oni su veoma sposobni stručnjaci.
12:27
It's just that we would like to upgrade our international agencies
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Mi samo želimo unaprijediti naše međunarodne agencije
12:31
to deal with the world in the modern way, as we do.
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da se bave svijetom na moderan način, kao mi.
12:34
And when it comes to free data and transparency,
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I kada govorimo o besplatnim podacima i transparentnosti,
12:37
United States of America is one of the best.
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Sjedinjene Američke države su među najboljima.
12:40
And that doesn't come easy from the mouth of a Swedish public health professor.
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To nije lako izgovoriti jednom švedskom profesoru javnog zdravstva.
12:43
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
12:46
And I'm not paid to come here, no.
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I nisam plaćen za dolazak ovdje, ne.
12:49
I would like to show you what happens with the data,
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Želim da vam pokažem šta se dešava sa podacima,
12:51
what we can show with this data.
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šta sve možemo pokazati sa ovim podacima.
12:53
Look here. This is the world.
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Pogledajte. Ovo je svijet.
12:55
With income down there and child mortality.
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Sa prihodom ovdje dolje i smrtnošću djece ovdje.
12:57
And what has happened in the world?
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I šta se dogodilo sa svijetom?
12:59
Since 1950, during the last 50 years
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Od 1950., tokom posljednjih 50 godina
13:02
we have had a fall in child mortality.
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imamo pad smrtnosti djece.
13:05
And it is the DHS that makes it possible to know this.
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I zahvaljujući DHS-u imamo priliku to vidjeti.
13:07
And we had an increase in income.
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I imali smo porast prihoda.
13:09
And the blue former developing countries
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I plave bivše zemlje u razvoju
13:11
are mixing up with the former industrialized western world.
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se miješaju sa bivšim industrijaliziranim zemljama zapadnog svijeta.
13:16
We have a continuum. But we still have, of course,
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Imamo kontinuum. Ali još uvijek, naravno,
13:19
Congo, up there. We still have as poor countries
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imamo Kongo ovdje gore. Imamo siromašne zemlje
13:22
as we have had, always, in history.
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kao što smo uvijek u istoriji imali.
13:26
And that's the bottom billion, where we've heard today
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I ovo je milijarda na dnu, danas smo čuli
13:29
about a completely new approach to do it.
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o potpuno novom pristupu tome.
13:32
And how fast has this happened?
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I koliko brzo se ovo desilo?
13:35
Well, MDG 4.
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Pa, MDG 4 (milenijumski cilj za smanjenje smrtnosti djece).
13:37
The United States has not been so eager
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Sjedinjene države nisu baš tako željne
13:39
to use MDG 4.
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da koriste MDG 4.
13:42
But you have been the main sponsor that has enabled us to measure it,
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Ali vi ste bili najvažniji sponzor koji je omogućio da ga mjerimo,
13:45
because it's the only child mortality that we can measure.
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jer je jedino smrtnost djece to što možemo mjeriti.
13:48
And we used to say that it should fall four percent per year.
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I govorili smo da treba da pada 4 posto godišnje.
13:51
Let's see what Sweden has done.
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Pogledajmo šta je uradila Švedska.
13:53
We used to boast about fast social progress.
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Ponosili smo se brzim socijalnim napretkom.
13:56
That's where we were, 1900.
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Bili smo ovdje 1900.
13:58
1900, Sweden was there.
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Švedska je bila ovdje 1900.
14:00
Same child mortality as Bangladesh had, 1990,
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Istu stopu smrtnosti djece imao je Bangladeš 1990.,
14:02
though they had lower income.
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iako su imali niži dohodak.
14:04
They started very well. They used the aid well.
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Oni su dobro započeli. Dobro su iskoristili pomoć.
14:07
They vaccinated the kids. They get better water.
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Vakcinisali su djecu. Poboljšali su vodosnadbijevanje.
14:09
And they reduced child mortality,
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I smanjili su smrtnost djece,
14:11
with an amazing 4.7 percent per year. They beat Sweden.
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sa stopom od zapanjujućih 4,7 posto godišnje. Prestigli su Švedsku.
14:14
I run Sweden the same 16 year period.
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Pomjeram Švedsku kroz isti period od 16 godina.
14:18
Second round, it's Sweden, 1916,
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Druga runda, ovo je Švedska 1916.
14:20
against Egypt, 1990.
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protiv Egipta 1990.
14:22
Here we go. Once again the USA is part of the reason here.
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Idemo. Još jednom su Sjedinjene države djelimičan razlog ovdje.
14:25
They get safe water, they get food for the poor,
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Dobili su sigurniju vodu, hranu za siromašne,
14:29
and they get malaria eradicated.
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i iskorijenili su malariju.
14:31
5.5 percent. They are faster than the millennium development goal.
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5,5 posto. Brži su od milenijumskog razvojnog cilja.
14:34
And third chance for Sweden, against Brazil here.
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I treća šansa za Švedsku, protiv Brazila ovdje.
14:37
Brazil here has amazing social improvement
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Ovdje Brazil ima sjajan socijalni napredak
14:41
over the last 16 years,
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u posljednjih 16 godina,
14:43
and they go faster than Sweden.
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i oni su brži od Švedske.
14:45
This means that the world is converging.
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To znači da se svijet ide ka jednog tački.
14:47
The middle income countries,
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Zemlje sa srednjim dohotkom,
14:49
the emerging economy, they are catching up.
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ekonomije u razvoju, one se sustižu.
14:51
They are moving to cities,
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Oni se pomjeraju prema gradovima,
14:53
where they also get better assistance for that.
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gdje takođe dobijajaju bolju pomoć za to.
14:55
Well the Swedish students protest at this point.
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Na ovom mjestu su Švedski studenti protestvovali.
14:58
They say, "This is not fair,
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Rekli su: "To nije fer,
15:00
because these countries had vaccines and antibiotics
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jer ove zemlje su imale vakcine i antibiotike
15:02
that were not available for Sweden.
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koji nisu dostupni u Švedskoj.
15:04
We have to do real-time competition."
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Treba da napravimo realističnu konkurenciju."
15:06
Okay. I give you Singapore, the year I was born.
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U redu. Dajem vam Singapur, u godini mog rođenja.
15:09
Singapore had twice the child mortality of Sweden.
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Singapur je imao dvostruko veću stopu smrtnosti djece od Švedske.
15:11
It's the most tropical country in the world,
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To je najtropskija zemlja na svijetu,
15:13
a marshland on the equator.
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u vlažnoj zoni na ekvatoru.
15:15
And here we go. It took a little time for them to get independent.
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I sada idemo. Trebalo im je malo vremena da dobiju nezavisnost.
15:18
But then they started to grow their economy.
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Nakon toga su počeli graditi svoju ekonomiju.
15:20
And they made the social investment. They got away malaria.
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Napravili su socijalne investicije. Iskorijenili su malariju.
15:22
They got a magnificent health system
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Napravili su odličan sistem zdravstva
15:24
that beat both the U.S. and Sweden.
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bolji i od američkog i od švedskog.
15:26
We never thought it would happen that they would win over Sweden!
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Nikad ne bismo pomislili da će pobijediti Švedsku!
15:29
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
15:37
All these green countries are achieving millennium development goals.
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Sve ove zelene zemlje dostižu milenijumske razvojne ciljeve.
15:40
These yellow are just about to be doing this.
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Žute su na putu da to učine.
15:42
These red are the countries that doesn't do it, and the policy has to be improved.
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Ove crvene zemlje to ne rade i politike se moraju unaprijediti.
15:45
Not simplistic extrapolation.
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Nema jednostavne ekstrapolacije.
15:48
We have to really find a way
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Moramo zaista pronaći način
15:50
of supporting those countries in a better way.
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da se ove zemlje podrže na bolji način.
15:52
We have to respect the middle income countries
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Moramo poštovati zemlje sa srednjim dohotkom
15:55
on what they are doing.
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zbog toga što rade.
15:57
And we have to fact-base the whole way we look at the world.
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I moramo zasnovati na činjenicama način na koji gledamo na svijet.
16:00
This is dollar per person. This is HIV in the countries.
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Ovo je dolar po osobi. Ovo je HIV u zemljama.
16:03
The blue is Africa.
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Ovo plavo je Afrika.
16:05
The size of the bubbles is how many are HIV affected.
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Veličina mjehurića pokazuje koliko ima pogođenih HIV-om.
16:08
You see the tragedy in South Africa there.
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Vidite tragediju u Južnoj Africi ovdje.
16:10
About 20 percent of the adult population are infected.
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Oko 20 procenata populacije je zaraženo.
16:13
And in spite of them having quite a high income,
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I uprkos tome što imaju prilično visok dohodak,
16:16
they have a huge number of HIV infected.
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imaju veliki broj inficiranih HIV-om.
16:19
But you also see that there are African countries down here.
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Ali ovdje dolje takođe vidite da ima afričkih zemalja,
16:22
There is no such thing as an HIV epidemic in Africa.
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gdje ne postoji nešto kao epidemija HIV-a.
16:26
There's a number, five to 10 countries in Africa
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Postoji broj, 5 do 10 zemalja u Africi
16:29
that has the same level as Sweden and United States.
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koje imaju isti nivo kao Švedska i Sjedinjene države.
16:32
And there are others who are extremely high.
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A tu su i države koje imaju ekstremno visok nivo HIV-a.
16:34
And I will show you that what has happened
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I pokazaću vam šta se dogodilo
16:37
in one of the best countries, with the most vibrant economy
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u jednoj od najboljih država, sa živom ekonomijim
16:41
in Africa and a good governance, Botswana.
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u Africi, sa dobrom upravom, Botswani.
16:44
They have a very high level. It's coming down.
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Imaju visok nivo koji se smanjuje.
16:46
But now it's not falling,
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Ali sada ne pada,
16:48
because there, with help from PEPFAR,
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jer tamo, uz pomoć PEPFAR-a,
16:50
it's working with treatment. And people are not dying.
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postoji tretman. I ljudi ne umiru.
16:53
And you can see it's not that easy,
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I možete vidjeti da to nije jednostavno,
16:56
that it is war which caused this.
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to je rat prouzrokovao.
16:59
Because here, in Congo, there is war.
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Jer ovdje, u Kongu, je rat.
17:01
And here, in Zambia, there is peace.
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A ovdje u Zambiji, je mir.
17:04
And it's not the economy. Richer country has a little higher.
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I nije u pitanju ekonomija. Bogatija zemlja ima malo više.
17:07
If I split Tanzania in its income,
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Ako podijelim Tanzaniju po dohotku,
17:09
the richer 20 percent in Tanzania
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bogatijih 20 procenata u Tanzaniji,
17:11
has more HIV than the poorest one.
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ima više HIV-a nego oni siromašniji.
17:13
And it's really different within each country.
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I to je zaista različito od zemlje do zemlje.
17:16
Look at the provinces of Kenya. They are very different.
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Pogledajte pokrajine Kenije. One su veoma različite.
17:18
And this is the situation you see.
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I ovo je situacija koju vidite.
17:21
It's not deep poverty. It's the special situation,
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Nije duboko siromaštvo. To je posebna situacija,
17:24
probably of concurrent sexual partnership
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vjerovatno istovremenih seksualnih veza
17:27
among part of the heterosexual population
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u dijelu heteroseksualne populacije
17:30
in some countries, or some parts of countries,
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u nekim zemljama, ili dijelovima zemalja,
17:32
in south and eastern Africa.
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u južnoj i istočnoj Africi.
17:34
Don't make it Africa. Don't make it a race issue.
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Nemojte to smatrati pitanjem Afrike. Nemojte to činiti rasnim pitanjem.
17:37
Make it a local issue. And do prevention at each place,
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Učinite to lokalnim pitanjem. Djelujte preventivno na svakom mjestu,
17:41
in the way it can be done there.
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onako kako se to može uraditi ovdje.
17:43
So to just end up,
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Tako da završim,
17:46
there are things of suffering
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među milijardom najsiromašnijih
17:49
in the one billion poorest, which we don't know.
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postoje patnje, za koje ne znamo.
17:52
Those who live beyond the cellphone,
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Oni koji žive bez mobitela,
17:54
those who have yet to see a computer,
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oni koji nikad nisu vidjeli kompjuter,
17:56
those who have no electricity at home.
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oni koji nemaju električnu energiju u kućama.
17:59
This is the disease, Konzo, I spent 20 years
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Ovo je bolest Konzo, proveo sam 20 godina
18:01
elucidating in Africa.
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objašnjavajući je u Africi.
18:03
It's caused by fast processing of toxic cassava root in famine situation.
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Uzrokovana je brzim spremanjem otrovnog korijena manioke u slučaju gladi.
18:08
It's similar to the pellagra epidemic in Mississippi in the '30s.
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Slična je epidemiji pelagre u Mississippiju tridesetih godina.
18:12
It's similar to other nutritional diseases.
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Slična je drugim bolestima ishrane.
18:15
It will never affect a rich person.
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Nikad ne pogađa bogate.
18:17
We have seen it here in Mozambique.
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Vidjeli smo je u Mozambiku.
18:20
This is the epidemic in Mozambique. This is an epidemic in northern Tanzania.
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Ovo je epidemija u Mozambiku. Ovo je epidemija u sjevernoj Tanzaniji.
18:23
You never heard about the disease.
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Nikad niste čuli za ovu bolest.
18:25
But it's much more than Ebola
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Ali u poređenju sa ebolom,
18:27
that has been affected by this disease.
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ona je pogodila više ljudi.
18:29
Cause crippling throughout the world.
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Uzrokuje sakaćenja širom svijeta.
18:31
And over the last two years,
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I u protekle dvije godine
18:33
2,000 people has been crippled
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dvije hiljade ljudi je osakaćeno
18:35
in the southern tip of Bandundu region.
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u južnom kraju Budundu regiona.
18:37
That used to be the illegal diamond trade,
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Bila je to ilegalna trgovina dijamantima,
18:39
from the UNITA-dominated area in Angola.
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iz regije u kojoj vlada UNITA u Angoli.
18:42
That has now disappeared,
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Sada je to nestalo
18:44
and they are now in great economic problem.
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i oni su u velikim ekonomskim problemima.
18:46
And one week ago, for the first time,
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Prošle sedmice, po prvi put,
18:49
there were four lines on the Internet.
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tamo su bile četiri linije na internetu.
18:52
Don't get confused of the progress of the emerging economies
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Nemojte miješati progres ekonomija u razvoju
18:55
and the great capacity
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i veliki kapacitet
18:58
of people in the middle income countries
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ljudi u zemljama sa srednjim dohotkom
19:00
and in peaceful low income countries.
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i mirnih zemalja sa niskim dohotkom.
19:02
There is still mystery in one billion.
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Još uvijek postoji misterija jedne milijarde.
19:04
And we have to have more concepts
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I moramo imati više koncepata
19:06
than just developing countries and developing world.
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nego samo zemlje u razvoju.
19:09
We need a new mindset. The world is converging,
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Potreban nam je novi način razmišljanja. Svijet konvergira
19:12
but -- but -- but not the bottom billion.
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ali - ali ne i milijarda sa dna.
19:15
They are still as poor as they've ever been.
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Oni su još uvijek siromašni kao što su uvijek i bili.
19:18
It's not sustainable, and it will not happen around one superpower.
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To nije održivo i neće se dogoditi oko jedne supersile.
19:23
But you will remain
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Ali vi ćete ostati
19:25
one of the most important superpowers,
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jedna od najvažnijih supersila,
19:28
and the most hopeful superpower, for the time to be.
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i jedna od najperspektivnijih supersila, za sada.
19:31
And this institution
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I ova institucija
19:33
will have a very crucial role,
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će imati ključnu ulogu,
19:35
not for United States, but for the world.
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ne za Sjedinjene države, nego za svijet.
19:37
So you have a very bad name,
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Imate veoma neprikladno ime,
19:40
State Department. This is not the State Department.
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State Department (državni odjel). To nije State Department.
19:42
It's the World Department.
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To je World departmetnt (svjetski odjel).
19:44
And we have a high hope in you. Thank you very much.
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I gledamo u vas s nadom. Hvala mnogo.
19:46
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
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