Hans Rosling: Let my dataset change your mindset

155,279 views ใƒป 2009-08-31

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Won Il Jang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Soonho Kong
00:16
I'm going to talk about your mindset.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
Does your mindset correspond to my dataset?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹(mindset)์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค(dataset)๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์š”?
00:24
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:25
If not, one or the other needs upgrading, isn't it?
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”?
00:28
When I talk to my students about global issues,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅดํ‚ค๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
00:32
and I listen to them in the coffee break,
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์‰ฌ๋Š”์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด
00:34
they always talk about "we" and "them."
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ํ•ญ์ƒ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ"์™€ "๊ทธ๋“ค"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
And when they come back into the lecture room
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค์— ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋ฉด
00:40
I ask them, "What do you mean with "we" and "them"?
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "'์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์™€ '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
00:42
"Oh, it's very easy. It's the western world and it's the developing world," they say.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ฃ . "๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ด์š”. ์„œ์–‘์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค์ด์ฃ ."
00:45
"We learned it in college."
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"๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‹œ์ ˆ์— ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
00:47
And what is the definition then? "The definition?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ •์˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? "์ •์˜์š”?
00:49
Everyone knows," they say.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ฃ .
00:51
But then you know, I press them like this.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
So one girl said, very cleverly, "It's very easy.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ํ•œ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ์ด ๋ช…์„ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ด์š”.
00:55
Western world is a long life in a small family.
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์„œ์–‘์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๊ธด ์ƒ์• ๊ณ 
00:58
Developing world is a short life in a large family."
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์งง์€ ์ƒ์• ์ฃ ."
01:01
And I like that definition, because it enabled me
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
01:04
to transfer their mindset
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„
01:06
into the dataset.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์„ธํŠธ์— ์ ์šฉํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
And here you have the dataset.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์„ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
So, you can see that what we have on this axis here
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๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์ด ์ถ•์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
is size of family. One, two, three, four, five
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ํ•œ๋ช…, ๋‘๋ช…, ์„ธ๋ช…, ๋„ค๋ช…, ๋‹ค์„ฏ๋ช…,
01:15
children per woman on this axis.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋‹น ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ˆซ์ž์ฃ .
01:17
And here, length of life, life expectancy,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ถ•์€ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด, ์ฆ‰ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
30, 40, 50.
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30, 40, 50์„ธ.
01:21
Exactly what the students said was their concept about the world.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ •์˜ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
And really this is about the bedroom.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์นจ์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
Whether the man and woman decide to have small family,
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๋‚จ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€
01:31
and take care of their kids, and how long they will live.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
It's about the bathroom and the kitchen. If you have soap, water and food, you know,
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์นจ์‹ค๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ˆ„, ๋ฌผ, ์Œ์‹ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ž˜ ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:38
you can live long.
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๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
And the students were right. It wasn't that the world consisted --
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
the world consisted here, of one set of countries over here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
which had large families and short life. Developing world.
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ํฐ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์งง์€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์ด์ฃ .
01:50
And we had one set of countries up there
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ € ์œ„์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€
01:53
which was the western world.
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์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ์„œ์–‘์„ธ๊ณ„์ฃ .
01:55
They had small families and long life.
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์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ๊ธด ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ํŠน์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
And you are going to see here
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
02:00
the amazing thing that has happened in the world during my lifetime.
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์ œ ์ธ์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
Then the developing countries applied
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค์ด
02:06
soap and water, vaccination.
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๋น„๋ˆ„, ๋ฌผ, ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋“ฑ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:08
And all the developing world started to apply family planning.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
And partly to USA who help to provide
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ง€์›
02:13
technical advice and investment.
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๋ฐ ํˆฌ์ž๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๊ณ ์š”.
02:16
And you see all the world moves over to a two child family,
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ 1๊ฐ€์ • 2์ž๋…€ ์ฒด์ œ์™€
02:20
and a life with 60 to 70 years.
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60~70์„ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
But some countries remain back in this area here.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด ์•„๋ž˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
And you can see we still have Afghanistan down here.
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์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์ด ์•„์ง ์ด์ชฝ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
We have Liberia. We have Congo.
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๋ผ์ด๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„, ์ฝฉ๊ณ ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
So we have countries living there.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ €์ชฝ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
So the problem I had
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊น ์ œ ๋ง์€
02:36
is that the worldview that my students had
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์ด
02:40
corresponds to reality in the world
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜
02:42
the year their teachers were born.
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ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:48
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
02:51
And we, in fact, when we have played this over the world.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฉฐ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
I was at the Global Health Conference here in Washington last week,
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์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ ์ด๊ณณ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์—์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
and I could see the wrong concept
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์กฐ์ฐจ
03:00
even active people in United States had,
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:03
that they didn't realize the improvement
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณผ๋•Œ
03:06
of Mexico there, and China, in relation to United States.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
Look here when I move them forward.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ง„ํ–‰์‹œ์ผœ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
Here we go.
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๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
03:20
They catch up. There's Mexico.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๊ธฐ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๋„ค์š”.
03:23
It's on par with United States in these two social dimensions.
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์ด ๋‘ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋†“๊ณ  ๋ดค์„๋•Œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋™๋“ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
There was less than five percent
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๊ตญ์ œ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„
03:28
of the specialists in Global Health that was aware of this.
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5ํผ์„ผํŠธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
This great nation, Mexico,
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์ด ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋Š”
03:33
has the problem that arms are coming from North,
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๋ถ์ชฝ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ด๋ค„์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฐ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
across the borders, so they had to stop that,
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ง‰์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:38
because they have this strange relationship to the United States, you know.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
But if I would change this axis here,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์ถ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด, ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
03:46
I would instead put income per person.
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1์ธ๋‹น ์†Œ๋“์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
Income per person. I can put that here.
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1์ธ๋‹น ์†Œ๋“. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ผ์ฃ .
03:52
And we will then see
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์ž ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
03:54
a completely different picture.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
By the way, I'm teaching you
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์—ฌ๋‹ด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜
03:58
how to use our website, Gapminder World,
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์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ Gapminder World ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„
04:00
while I'm correcting this,
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์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
because this is a free utility on the net.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:05
And when I now finally got it right,
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์ž ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๋ฉด,
04:08
I can go back 200 years in history.
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200๋…„ ์ „ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
And I can find United States up there.
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์ € ์œ„์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:16
And I can let the other countries be shown.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
And now I have income per person on this axis.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์ถ•์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
And United States only had some, one, two thousand dollars at that time.
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๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์ž…์€ ์•ฝ 2,000 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ๋„ค์š”.
04:25
And the life expectancy was 35 to 40 years,
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๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ 35~40์„ธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
on par with Afghanistan today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
And what has happened in the world, I will show now.
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์ดํ›„ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•ด์™”๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
This is instead of studying history
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๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ
04:38
for one year at university.
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์ผ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
04:40
You can watch me for one minute now and you'll see the whole thing.
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์ผ๋ถ„๋งŒ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:45
You can see how the brown bubbles, which is west Europe,
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์ด์ชฝ์˜ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ์›์€ ์„œ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ด๊ณ 
04:50
and the yellow one, which is the United States,
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๋…ธ๋ž€ ์›์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
04:53
they get richer and richer and also
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๊ณ„์† ๋ถ€์œ ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ
04:55
start to get healthier and healthier.
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๊ณ„์† ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
And this is now 100 years ago,
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์ด๊ฒŒ 100๋…„ ์ „ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
where the rest of the world remains behind.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋’ค์ณ์ ธ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:02
Here we come. And that was the influenza.
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๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ . ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
That's why we are so scared about flu, isn't it?
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์œ ํ–‰์„ฑ๋…๊ฐ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜€๋„ค์š”.
05:10
It's still remembered. The fall of life expectancy.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์žŠ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ช…์˜ ํ•˜๋ฝ.
05:13
And then we come up. Not until
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
independence started.
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๋…๋ฆฝ์šด๋™์ด ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
Look here You have China over there,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์ €์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๊ณ ,
05:20
you have India over there,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
and this is what has happened.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
Did you note there, that we have Mexico up there?
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์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ค๋งŒํ•œ ์ ์€ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๊ฐ€ ์ € ์œ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
Mexico is not at all on par with the United States,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
05:35
but they are quite close.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฝค ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
And especially, it's interesting to see
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ํŠนํžˆ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€
05:39
China and the United States
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์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
during 200 years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 200๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:44
because I have my oldest son now working for Google,
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์ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ Google์ด ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚œ ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
05:46
after Google acquired this software.
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์ œ ํฐ์•„๋“ค์ด Google์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
Because in fact, this is child labor. My son and his wife sat in a closet
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฑด ๋ฏธ์„ฑ๋…„์ž ๋…ธ๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์•„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฉฐ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๋กฑ์— ์ณ๋ฐ•ํ˜€
05:52
for many years and developed this.
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์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:54
And my youngest son, who studied Chinese in Beijing.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ๋ง‰๋‚ด์•„๋“ค์€ ๋ถ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
So they come in with the two perspectives I have, you know?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์ œ ์•„๋“ค๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ฐ์ž ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
And my son, youngest son who studied in Beijing,
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๋ถ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ œ ๋ง‰๋‚ด์•„๋“ค์€
06:04
in China, he got a long-term perspective.
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
Whereas when my oldest son, who works for Google,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด Google์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ํฐ์•„๋“ค์€
06:10
he should develop by quarter, or by half-year.
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๋ถ„๊ธฐ, ํ˜น์€ ๋ฐ˜๋…„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
06:14
Or Google is quite generous, so he can have one or two years to go.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, Google์ด ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŽธ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด 1~2๋…„์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:17
But in China they look generation after generation
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
because they remember
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด 100๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
06:22
the very embarrassing period, for 100 years,
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๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ๊ฐ„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด
06:24
when they went backwards.
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์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:26
And then they would remember the first part
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋‚˜๋นด๋˜
06:29
of last century, which was really bad,
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์ง€๋‚œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
and we could go by this so-called Great Leap Forward.
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๋Œ€์•ฝ์ง„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ”ํžˆ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
But this was 1963.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด 1963๋…„์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:37
Mao Tse-Tung eventually brought health to China,
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๋งˆ์˜ค์ฉŒ๋‘ฅ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋†’์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
and then he died, and then Deng Xiaoping started
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ๊ณ  ๋ฉ์ƒค์˜คํ•‘์ด ์ •๊ถŒ์„ ์žก์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
06:43
this amazing move forward.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
Isn't it strange to see that the United States
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์ด์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:47
first grew the economy, and then gradually got rich?
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋จผ์ € ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„์— ์ ์  ๋ถ€์œ ํ•ด์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:51
Whereas China could get healthy much earlier,
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์ด์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ด์ „์— ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
because they applied the knowledge of education, nutrition,
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์ด๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ๊ต์œก, ์˜์–‘ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:58
and then also benefits of penicillin
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ํŽ˜๋‹ˆ์‹ค๋ฆฐ์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:01
and vaccines and family planning.
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๋ฐฑ์‹ , ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณ„ํš ๋“ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
And Asia could have social development
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์•„์‹œ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์ „์—
07:06
before they got the economic development.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
So to me, as a public health professor,
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ธ ์ €๋กœ์„ 
07:11
it's not strange that all these countries grow so fast now.
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์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์ด์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
Because what you see here, what you see here
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด
07:17
is the flat world of Thomas Friedman,
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ํ† ๋จธ์Šค ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋จผ์˜ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„(flat world)์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
isn't it.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:22
It's not really, really flat.
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์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
07:24
But the middle income countries --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ •๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
07:26
and this is where I suggest to my students,
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์ €๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
stop using the concept "developing world."
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ(developing world)๋ž€ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ .
07:31
Because after all, talking about the developing world
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:34
is like having two chapters in the history of the United States.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘ ์ฑ•ํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
The last chapter is about present, and president Obama,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ฑ•ํ„ฐ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ, ์ฆ‰ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
and the other is about the past,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ํ•œ ์ฑ•ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
where you cover everything from Washington
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๋‹ค์‹œ๋งํ•ด ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
07:46
to Eisenhower.
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์•„์ด์  ํ•˜์›Œ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
07:48
Because Washington to Eisenhower,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•„์ด์  ํ•˜์›Œ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด
07:50
that is what we find in the developing world.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
We could actually go to Mayflower
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฉ”์ดํ”Œ๋ผ์›Œํ˜ธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
07:54
to Eisenhower,
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์•„์ด์  ํ•˜์›Œ๋กœ ์น  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
and that would be put together into a developing world,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์— ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
which is rightly growing its cities in a very amazing way,
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
08:02
which have great entrepreneurs,
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
but also have the collapsing countries.
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ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
So, how could we make better sense about this?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:10
Well, one way of trying is to see whether we could
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
08:13
look at income distribution.
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์†Œ๋“ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
This is the income distribution of peoples in the world,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์†Œ๋“ ๋ถ„ํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
from $1. This is where you have food to eat.
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1๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋จน์„ ์Œ์‹์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
These people go to bed hungry.
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์ด์ชฝ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”ˆ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
And this is the number of people.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ถ•์ด ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
This is $10, whether you have a public or a private
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10๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ ์€ ๊ณต/๋ฏผ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€
08:27
health service system. This is where you can
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๊ฐ–์ถฐ์ง„ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š”
08:29
provide health service for your family and school for your children,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
and this is OECD countries:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ OECD ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
Green, Latin America, East Europe.
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์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰์ด ๋ผํ‹ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด, ๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ,
08:36
This is East Asia, and the light blue there is South Asia.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„๊ณ  ์ € ํ•˜๋Š˜์ƒ‰์ด ๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
And this is how the world changed.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
It changed like this.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:45
Can you see how it's growing? And how hundreds of millions
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์„ฑ์žฅ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ ์ฐจ ์ˆ˜์–ต, ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋งŒ์˜ ์•„์‹œ์•„์ธ์ด
08:48
and billions is coming out of poverty in Asia?
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๋นˆ๊ณค์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
And it goes over here?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
And I come now, into projections,
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์ด์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
but I have to stop at the door of Lehman Brothers there, you know, because --
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ํ—ˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฆฌ๋จผ ๋ธŒ๋ผ๋”์Šค์˜ ๋ฌธํ„ฑ ์•ž์—์„œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด..
08:58
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:01
that's where the projections are not valid any longer.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋”์ด์ƒ ์œ ํšจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
09:03
Probably the world will do this.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ
09:05
and then it will continue forward like this.
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๊ณ„์† ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
But more or less, this is what will happen,
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
and we have a world which cannot be looked upon as divided.
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๋‘ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:15
We have the high income countries here,
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์ด์ชฝ์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š”
09:17
with the United States as a leading power;
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๊ณ ์†Œ๋“ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
we have the emerging economies in the middle,
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๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ œ๊ธˆ์œต ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋Œ€์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
09:23
which provide a lot of the funding for the bailout;
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์‹ ํฅ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ตญ๋“ค์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
and we have the low income countries here.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ชฝ์— ์ €์†Œ๋“ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
Yeah, this is a fact that from where the money comes,
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์˜ˆ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž๊ธˆ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—์š”.
09:31
they have been saving, you know, over the last decade.
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ €์ถ•์„ ํ•ด ์™”๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
09:33
And here we have the low income countries
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”
09:35
where entrepreneurs are.
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์ €์†Œ๋“ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
And here we have the countries in collapse and war,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—” ์ „์Ÿ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
09:40
like Afghanistan, Somalia, parts of Congo, Darfur.
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์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„, ์†Œ๋ง๋ฆฌ์•„, ์ฝฉ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ, ๋‹คํ‘ธ๋ฅด ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
We have all this at the same time.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
That's why it's so problematic to describe what has happened
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด
09:49
in the developing world.
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๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
Because it's so different, what has happened there.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
09:53
And that's why I suggest
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
09:55
a slightly different approach of what you would call it.
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๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
And you have huge differences within countries also.
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์—์„œ๋„ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
I heard that your departments here were by regions.
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์ด๊ณณ(๊ตญ๋ฌด๋ถ€)์€ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ€์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
Here you have Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด, ๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„,
10:08
East Asia, Arab states,
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๋™์•„์‹œ์•„, ์•„๋ž ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค,
10:10
East Europe, Latin America, and OECD.
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๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ๋ผํ‹ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  OECD๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
And on this axis, GDP.
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์ด ์ถ•์€ GDP์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
And on this, heath, child survival,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ถ•์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ์•„๋™์ƒ์กด์œจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
and it doesn't come as a surprise
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐ‘์ชฝ์— ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ง€์—ญ์ด
10:18
that Africa south of Sahara is at the bottom.
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์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
But when I split it, when I split it
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์›(๋ฒ„๋ธ”)์œผ๋กœ
10:23
into country bubbles,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ๋ณด๋ฉด
10:25
the size of the bubbles here is the population.
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์›์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
Then you see Sierra Leone and Mauritius, completely different.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์‹œ์—๋ผ๋ฆฌ์˜จ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์…”์Šค๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
There is such a difference within Sub-Saharan Africa.
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์ฆ‰ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ๋‚ด์—๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
And I can split the others. Here is the South Asian,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค๋„ ์ชผ๊ฐœ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„,
10:36
Arab world.
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์•„๋ž ์ง€์—ญ.
10:38
Now all your different departments.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€์„œ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”
10:40
East Europe, Latin America, and OECD countries.
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๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ๋ผํ‹ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  OECD ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
10:43
And here were are. We have a continuum in the world.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
We cannot put it into two parts.
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๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ชผ๊ฐค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
It is Mayflower down here. It is Washington here,
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์ด ๋ฐ‘์—๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ดํ”Œ๋ผ์›Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์ด๊ณ ์š”.
10:51
building, building countries.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:53
It's Lincoln here, advancing them.
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์—ฌ๊ธด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ๋ง์ปจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
It's Eisenhower bringing modernity into the countries.
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์ด์ชฝ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๊ทผ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š” ์•„์ด์  ํ•˜์›Œ๊ณ ์š”,
11:00
And then it's United States today, up here.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์œ„, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
And we have countries all this way.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
11:04
Now, this is the important thing
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•ด์™”๋Š”์ง€
11:07
of understanding how the world has changed.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
At this point I decided to make a pause.
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์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ „ ์ž ์‹œ ์ •์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:17
And it is my task, on behalf of the rest of the world,
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์ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‚ฌ(Demographic Health Survey)๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ
11:20
to convey a thanks to the U.S. taxpayers,
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๋‚ฉ์„ธ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹คํ•œ ๋ฏธ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•ด์„œ
11:24
for Demographic Health Survey.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ์˜๋ฌด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
Many are not aware of -- no, this is not a joke.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค -- ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†๋‹ด์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
This is very serious.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ง„์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
It is due to USA's continuous sponsoring
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ง€์› ๋•ํƒ์—
11:35
during 25 years of the very good methodology
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์ง€๋‚œ 25๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด
11:38
for measuring child mortality
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์•„๋™์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:40
that we have a grasp of what's happening in the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:50
And it is U.S. government at its best,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
without advocacy, providing facts,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„
11:56
that it's useful for the society.
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ํŽธํ–ฅ ์—†์ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
11:58
And providing data free of charge
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์˜จ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
12:01
on the internet, for the world to use. Thank you very much.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
Quite the opposite of the World Bank,
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์ •๋ถ€ ์ž๊ธˆ, ๋‹ค์‹œ๋งํ•ด ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ
12:06
who compiled data with government money,
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์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:09
tax money, and then they sell it to add a little profit,
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๋งค์šฐ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ตฌํ…๋ฒ ๋ฅด๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š”
12:12
in a very inefficient, Gutenberg way.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰(World Bank)๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋น„๋˜์ฃ .
12:15
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:21
But the people doing that at the World Bank
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
12:23
are among the best in the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
And they are highly skilled professionals.
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๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ํ”„๋กœํŽ˜์…”๋„ ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
12:27
It's just that we would like to upgrade our international agencies
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๋‹จ์ง€ ํ•œ์ธต ๋” ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:31
to deal with the world in the modern way, as we do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
And when it comes to free data and transparency,
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ๋‚˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„ 
12:37
United States of America is one of the best.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
And that doesn't come easy from the mouth of a Swedish public health professor.
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์Šค์›จ๋ด ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์ž…์—์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:46
And I'm not paid to come here, no.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์ ˆ๋Œ€.
12:49
I would like to show you what happens with the data,
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์ด์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
12:51
what we can show with this data.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
Look here. This is the world.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
With income down there and child mortality.
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์ˆ˜ํ‰์ถ•์€ ์†Œ๋“, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ง์ถ•์€ ์•„๋™์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
And what has happened in the world?
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์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•ด์™”์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:59
Since 1950, during the last 50 years
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1950๋…„ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ง€๋‚œ 50๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
13:02
we have had a fall in child mortality.
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์•„๋™์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์€ ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
And it is the DHS that makes it possible to know this.
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DHS ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋•ํƒ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
And we had an increase in income.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†Œ๋“ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
And the blue former developing countries
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค์ด
13:11
are mixing up with the former industrialized western world.
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์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋œ ์„œ์–‘์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
We have a continuum. But we still have, of course,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ์†์„ ์ƒ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„์ง๋„
13:19
Congo, up there. We still have as poor countries
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์ด ์œ„์— ์ฝฉ๊ณ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
as we have had, always, in history.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์™”๋“ฏ์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:26
And that's the bottom billion, where we've heard today
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ชฝ์ด ํ•˜์œ„ ์‹ญ์–ต ์ธ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
about a completely new approach to do it.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:32
And how fast has this happened?
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์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:35
Well, MDG 4.
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21์„ธ๊ธฐ 4๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋ชฉํ‘œ(MDG4)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
The United States has not been so eager
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ MDG4๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณ„๋กœ
13:39
to use MDG 4.
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์ ๊ทน์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
But you have been the main sponsor that has enabled us to measure it,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํฐ ์ง€์›์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
because it's the only child mortality that we can measure.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋™์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
13:48
And we used to say that it should fall four percent per year.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งค๋…„ 4% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
Let's see what Sweden has done.
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์Šค์›จ๋ด์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
13:53
We used to boast about fast social progress.
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๋น ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง„์ „์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ž๋ž‘ํ•ด์™”์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
13:56
That's where we were, 1900.
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1900๋…„ ์Šค์›จ๋ด์˜ ์œ„์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
1900, Sweden was there.
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1900๋…„ ์Šค์›จ๋ด์€ ์ด์ชฝ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
Same child mortality as Bangladesh had, 1990,
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๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์•„๋™์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
though they had lower income.
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์†Œ๋“์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
14:04
They started very well. They used the aid well.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ๊ฑฐ๋’€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
They vaccinated the kids. They get better water.
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์•„๋™๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์งˆ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ
14:09
And they reduced child mortality,
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์•„๋™์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
with an amazing 4.7 percent per year. They beat Sweden.
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๋ฌด๋ ค ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 4.7%๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ด์ ์ธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ์Šค์›จ๋ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
I run Sweden the same 16 year period.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ 16๋…„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์Šค์›จ๋ด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
Second round, it's Sweden, 1916,
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2์ฐจ์ „์€ 1916๋…„ ์Šค์›จ๋ด๊ณผ
14:20
against Egypt, 1990.
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1990๋…„ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
Here we go. Once again the USA is part of the reason here.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ๋„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
They get safe water, they get food for the poor,
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์ˆ˜์งˆ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ , ๊ตฌํ˜ธ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์–ป์œผ๋ฉฐ,
14:29
and they get malaria eradicated.
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ํ‡ด์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
5.5 percent. They are faster than the millennium development goal.
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5.5%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 21์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋ชฉํ‘œ(MDG)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
And third chance for Sweden, against Brazil here.
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์Šค์›จ๋ด์˜ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ธฐํšŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
14:37
Brazil here has amazing social improvement
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 16๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์†๋„๋กœ
14:41
over the last 16 years,
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์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ด๋ค˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
and they go faster than Sweden.
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์Šค์›จ๋ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
This means that the world is converging.
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์ด๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
The middle income countries,
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์†Œ๋“์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ •๋„์ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค,
14:49
the emerging economy, they are catching up.
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์ฆ‰ ์‹ ํฅ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋“ค์ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
They are moving to cities,
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๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
14:53
where they also get better assistance for that.
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๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์›๋„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
Well the Swedish students protest at this point.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์Šค์›จ๋ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์˜ํ• ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
They say, "This is not fair,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ , "๊ณตํ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
15:00
because these countries had vaccines and antibiotics
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์Šค์›จ๋ด์€ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ
15:02
that were not available for Sweden.
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์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹จ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
15:04
We have to do real-time competition."
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์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”."
15:06
Okay. I give you Singapore, the year I was born.
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ํ•ด์˜ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํด๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
15:09
Singapore had twice the child mortality of Sweden.
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๋‹น์‹œ ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํด์˜ ์•„๋™์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์€ ์Šค์›จ๋ด์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
It's the most tropical country in the world,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—ด๋Œ€์„ฑ ๊ธฐํ›„์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
a marshland on the equator.
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์ ๋„์˜ ์Šต์ง€๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
And here we go. It took a little time for them to get independent.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํด์ด ๋…๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฝค ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
But then they started to grow their economy.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ ,
15:20
And they made the social investment. They got away malaria.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ธํ”„๋ผ ํˆฌ์ž๋„ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:22
They got a magnificent health system
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์Šค์›จ๋ด์„ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”
15:24
that beat both the U.S. and Sweden.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
We never thought it would happen that they would win over Sweden!
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์›จ๋ด์„ ์•ž์ง€๋ฅผ์ค„ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ!
15:29
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
15:37
All these green countries are achieving millennium development goals.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ MDG๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
These yellow are just about to be doing this.
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๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰์€ MDG ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ค‘์ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
These red are the countries that doesn't do it, and the policy has to be improved.
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์ด ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ MDG๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด๊ณ , ์ด ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
Not simplistic extrapolation.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ถ”์ธก์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
We have to really find a way
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
of supporting those countries in a better way.
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์ง€์›ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
We have to respect the middle income countries
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์„
15:55
on what they are doing.
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์กด์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
And we have to fact-base the whole way we look at the world.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
This is dollar per person. This is HIV in the countries.
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์ธ๊ตฌ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์ž…(๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ)๊ณผ HIV๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
16:03
The blue is Africa.
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ํŒ”๋ž€์ƒ‰์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
The size of the bubbles is how many are HIV affected.
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์›์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” HIV ๊ฐ์—ผ์ž ์ˆซ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
You see the tragedy in South Africa there.
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๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋น„๊ทน์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
About 20 percent of the adult population are infected.
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์„ฑ์ธ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์•ฝ 20% ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
And in spite of them having quite a high income,
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ณ ์†Œ๋“์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
16:16
they have a huge number of HIV infected.
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HIV ๊ฐ์—ผ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
But you also see that there are African countries down here.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌํƒ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
16:22
There is no such thing as an HIV epidemic in Africa.
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HIV ์œ ํ–‰ ๊ฐ™์€๊ฑด ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
There's a number, five to 10 countries in Africa
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ์•ฝ 5~10๊ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
16:29
that has the same level as Sweden and United States.
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์Šค์›จ๋ด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ HIV ๊ฐ์—ผ๋น„์œจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
And there are others who are extremely high.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ HIV ๊ฐ์—ผ์œจ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋„ ์žˆใ……๋ธŒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
And I will show you that what has happened
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ™œ๊ธฐ์ฐฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
16:37
in one of the best countries, with the most vibrant economy
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์ข‹์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด์ธ ์™€๋‚˜์—์„œ
16:41
in Africa and a good governance, Botswana.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
They have a very high level. It's coming down.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ์—ผ์œจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
16:46
But now it's not falling,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋”์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
because there, with help from PEPFAR,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด PEPFAR(The President s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief)์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ
16:50
it's working with treatment. And people are not dying.
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๊ฐ์—ผ์ž๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:53
And you can see it's not that easy,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:56
that it is war which caused this.
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์ „์Ÿ์ด ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
16:59
Because here, in Congo, there is war.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ฝฉ๊ณ ์—์„  ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
17:01
And here, in Zambia, there is peace.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ž ๋น„์•„๋Š” ํ‰ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:04
And it's not the economy. Richer country has a little higher.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์œจ์ด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:07
If I split Tanzania in its income,
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๋˜ํ•œ ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋“ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ๋ณด๋ฉด
17:09
the richer 20 percent in Tanzania
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์ƒ์œ„ 20% ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด
17:11
has more HIV than the poorest one.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค HIV ๊ฐ์—ผ์œจ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:13
And it's really different within each country.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์—๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:16
Look at the provinces of Kenya. They are very different.
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์ผ€๋ƒ์˜ ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ . ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–‘์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
And this is the situation you see.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:21
It's not deep poverty. It's the special situation,
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์ฆ‰ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์ด ์š”์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ธ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:24
probably of concurrent sexual partnership
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์•„๋งˆ ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๋™๋ถ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜
17:27
among part of the heterosexual population
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ํ˜น์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—์„œ
17:30
in some countries, or some parts of countries,
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”
17:32
in south and eastern Africa.
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๋ฐ˜๋ณต์  ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์›์ธ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:34
Don't make it Africa. Don't make it a race issue.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ข…์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
17:37
Make it a local issue. And do prevention at each place,
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๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ด์Šˆ๋กœ ๋ณด์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ
17:41
in the way it can be done there.
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๋ฐฉ์ง€์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:43
So to just end up,
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๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
17:46
there are things of suffering
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‹ญ์–ต์—ฌ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
17:49
in the one billion poorest, which we don't know.
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๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:52
Those who live beyond the cellphone,
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ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ 
17:54
those who have yet to see a computer,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ „ ๋ณธ์ ๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
17:56
those who have no electricity at home.
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์ง‘์— ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:59
This is the disease, Konzo, I spent 20 years
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋˜
18:01
elucidating in Africa.
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์ฝ˜์กฐ(Konzo)๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:03
It's caused by fast processing of toxic cassava root in famine situation.
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๊ธฐ๊ทผ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์นด์‚ฌ๋ฐ” ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋…์„ฑ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:08
It's similar to the pellagra epidemic in Mississippi in the '30s.
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30๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์‹œํ”ผ์ฃผ์˜ ํŽ ๋ผ๊ทธ๋ผ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:12
It's similar to other nutritional diseases.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์–‘๊ฒฐํ• ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:15
It will never affect a rich person.
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ผ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:17
We have seen it here in Mozambique.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ์ž ๋น„ํฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:20
This is the epidemic in Mozambique. This is an epidemic in northern Tanzania.
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๋ชจ์ž ๋น„ํฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋ถ๋ถ€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:23
You never heard about the disease.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:25
But it's much more than Ebola
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
18:27
that has been affected by this disease.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
18:29
Cause crippling throughout the world.
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์—๋ณผ๋ผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:31
And over the last two years,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
18:33
2,000 people has been crippled
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๋ฐ˜๋ถ„๋‹ค ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ
18:35
in the southern tip of Bandundu region.
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2000์—ฌ ๋ช…์ด ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:37
That used to be the illegal diamond trade,
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์•™๊ณ ๋ผ ์™„์ „๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ฏผ์กฑ๋™๋งน(UNITA)๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋˜
18:39
from the UNITA-dominated area in Angola.
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๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ๋‹ค์ด์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ ์žฅ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋˜ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:42
That has now disappeared,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:44
and they are now in great economic problem.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ณค๊ฒฝ์— ๋น ์ ธ์žˆ์ฃ .
18:46
And one week ago, for the first time,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ 1์ฃผ์ผ ์ „์— ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ
18:49
there were four lines on the Internet.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์„ ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:52
Don't get confused of the progress of the emerging economies
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๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „,๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
18:55
and the great capacity
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์ค‘์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ‰ํ™”๋กœ์šด ์ €์†Œ๋“ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜
18:58
of people in the middle income countries
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋‹Œ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
19:00
and in peaceful low income countries.
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์˜์•„ํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
19:02
There is still mystery in one billion.
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์ด ์‹ญ์–ต ์ธ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:04
And we have to have more concepts
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
19:06
than just developing countries and developing world.
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์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:09
We need a new mindset. The world is converging,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ ์  ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:12
but -- but -- but not the bottom billion.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•˜์œ„ ์‹ญ์–ต ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:15
They are still as poor as they've ever been.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:18
It's not sustainable, and it will not happen around one superpower.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€์†๋  ์ˆœ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ดˆ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
19:23
But you will remain
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
19:25
one of the most important superpowers,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:28
and the most hopeful superpower, for the time to be.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๋ง์ ์ธ ์ดˆ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:31
And this institution
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๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€
19:33
will have a very crucial role,
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:35
not for United States, but for the world.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ญํ•  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
19:37
So you have a very bad name,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ตญ๋ฌด๋ถ€(State Department)๋ž€ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:40
State Department. This is not the State Department.
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๊ตญ๋ฌด๋ถ€(State Department)๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
19:42
It's the World Department.
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๊ตญ์ œ๋ถ€(World Department)์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:44
And we have a high hope in you. Thank you very much.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ํฐ ํฌ๋ง์„ ๊ฑธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:46
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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