Bjorn Lomborg: Global priorities bigger than climate change

313,420 views ใƒป 2007-01-12

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Mahmoud Aghiorly ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Bob Samuel
00:25
What I'd like to talk about is really the biggest problems in the world.
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ุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ุงุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ ูุนู„ูŠุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
00:29
I'm not going to talk about "The Skeptical Environmentalist" --
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ูˆู„ู† ุงู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ูƒู…ุง ูŠุชุญุฏุซ " ุงู„ู…ู‡ูˆุณูˆู† ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠูˆู† "
00:31
probably that's also a good choice.
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ูˆุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฎูŠุงุฑ ุฌูŠุฏูŒ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹
00:33
(Laughter)
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"ุถุญูƒ "
00:34
But I am going talk about: what are the big problems in the world?
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุณุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู…ุงู‡ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูˆุงุฌู‡ ุนุงู„ู…ู†ุง
00:37
And I must say, before I go on, I should ask every one of you
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ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุงุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูƒู… ,ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุฃุจุฏุฃ , ู„ุงุจุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุณุฃู„ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุดุฎุตูŠุงู‹
00:40
to try and get out pen and paper
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ุฃู† ุชุฌุฏูˆุง ู‚ู„ู…ุงู‹ ูˆูˆุฑู‚ุฉ
00:42
because I'm actually going to ask you to help me to look at how we do that.
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ู„ุฅู†ู†ูŠ ุณุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุทู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ู…ู†ูƒู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุต
00:45
So get out your pen and paper.
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ู„ุฐุง ุงุญุถุฑูˆุง ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ูˆู‚ู„ู… .
00:47
Bottom line is, there is a lot of problems out there in the world.
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุนู„ู… ุฌู…ูŠุนุงู‹ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… .
00:49
I'm just going to list some of them.
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ูˆุณูˆู ุงุนุฑุถ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุจุนุถุงู‹ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
00:51
There are 800 million people starving.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ 800 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฌุงุฆุน ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
00:53
There's a billion people without clean drinking water.
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุดุฎุต ูŠุนูŠุดูˆู† ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุดุฑุจ ู†ุธูŠูุฉ
00:55
Two billion people without sanitation.
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ูˆู…ู„ูŠุงุฑุงู† ู†ุณู…ุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุตุฑู ุตุญูŠ .
00:57
There are several million people dying of HIV and AIDS.
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ูˆุนุฏุฉ ู…ู„ุงูŠู† ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู† ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุณุจุฉ " ุงู„ุงูŠุฏุฒ " .
01:00
The lists go on and on.
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ูˆุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุชูƒุจุฑ ุชูƒุจุฑ .
01:02
There's two billions of people who will be severely affected by climate change -- so on.
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ูˆูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑุง ุดุฎุต ุณูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠ .. ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง .
01:07
There are many, many problems out there.
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ูุฅู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ , ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ .
01:09
In an ideal world, we would solve them all, but we don't.
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ูˆููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ู…ุซุงู„ูŠ , ุณูˆู ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุญู„ู‡ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนุงู‹ , ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ู†ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ .
01:13
We don't actually solve all problems.
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ูุนู„ูŠุงู‹ ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุญู„ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ .
01:15
And if we do not, the question I think we need to ask ourselves --
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ูุงู†ู‡ , ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ู†ุณุฃู„ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ุณุคุงู„ุง --
01:19
and that's why it's on the economy session -- is to say,
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ุจุญูƒู… ุงู†ู†ุง ู…ู‚ูŠุฏูˆู† ุจู‚ูŠูˆุฏ ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ -- ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ,
01:22
if we don't do all things, we really have to start asking ourselves,
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ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุนุฏู… ู‚ุฏุฑุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญู„ ุฌู…ูŠุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„
01:25
which ones should we solve first?
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ูู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ู†ุจุฏุง ููŠ ุญู„ู‡ุง ุงูˆู„ุงู‹ ุŸ
01:27
And that's the question I'd like to ask you.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงุฑุบุจ ุจุทุฑุญู‡ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… .
01:29
If we had say, 50 billion dollars over the next four years to spend
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ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ูƒู†ุง ู†ู…ู„ูƒ , 50 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู† ููƒูŠู ุณู†ุตุฑูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุนูˆุงู… ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ
01:34
to do good in this world, where should we spend it?
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ู„ูƒูŠ ู†ููŠุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ู† ุญูˆู„ู†ุง , ูุฃูŠู† ุณู†ุตุฑูู‡ุง ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู…ุงุฐุง ุŸ
01:37
We identified 10 of the biggest challenges in the world,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุญุฏุฏุช ุณุงุจู‚ุงู‹ 10 ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุชูˆุงุฌู‡ ุนุงู„ู…ู†ุง ,
01:40
and I will just briefly read them:
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ูˆุณูˆู ุฃู‚ุฑุงู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆู‡ูŠ ..
01:42
climate change, communicable diseases, conflicts, education,
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ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ ุŒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏูŠุฉ ุŒ ุงู„ุตุฑุงุนุงุช ุŒ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…
01:44
financial instability, governance and corruption,
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ุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฅู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุฉ , ุงู„ูุณุงุฏ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠ
01:46
malnutrition and hunger, population migration,
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ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌูˆุน ุŒ ู‡ุฌุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุงู†
01:49
sanitation and water, and subsidies and trade barriers.
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ุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠ , ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ , ุงู„ุฅุนุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญูˆุงุฌุฒ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
01:52
We believe that these in many ways
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ
01:54
encompass the biggest problems in the world.
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ุชุดู…ู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุจู†ุง
01:56
The obvious question would be to ask,
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ูˆุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ
01:58
what do you think are the biggest things?
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ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ููŠู…ุง ุณุจู‚ ุŸ
02:00
Where should we start on solving these problems?
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ูˆููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุจุฏุก ููŠ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุญู„ู‡ุง ุŸ
02:03
But that's a wrong problem to ask.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุฑุญ ุฎุงุทู‰ุก .
02:05
That was actually the problem that was asked in Davos in January.
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุทุฑุญู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุฏุงููˆุณ ููŠ ุดู‡ุฑ ูŠู†ุงูŠุฑ .
02:08
But of course, there's a problem in asking people to focus on problems.
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ู„ุงู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน , ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃู† ู†ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุชุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ .
02:11
Because we can't solve problems.
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ุจุณุจุจ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุญู„ู‡ุง .
02:14
Surely the biggest problem we have in the world is that we all die.
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ุญุชู…ุงู‹ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู‡ูˆ ุฅู†ู†ุง " ูุงู†ูˆู† " ูˆุณู†ู…ูˆุช ูŠูˆู…ุง ู…ุง
02:17
But we don't have a technology to solve that, right?
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ูˆู„ุงู†ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ู„ุญู„ ุฐู„ูƒ , ุตุญูŠุญ ุŸ
02:19
So the point is not to prioritize problems,
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ู„ุฐุง ูุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ู„ูŠุณุช ุชุตู†ูŠู ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุจุญุณุจ ุงู‡ู…ูŠุชู‡ุง
02:22
but the point is to prioritize solutions to problems.
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ุงู†ู…ุง ุชุตู†ูŠู ุญู„ูˆู„ ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ .
02:26
And that would be -- of course that gets a little more complicated.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุดุฃู†ู‡ -- ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุณูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ุชุนู‚ูŠุฏุงู‹ .
02:29
To climate change that would be like Kyoto.
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ูู„ุญู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ู„ู†ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ุซู„ " ูƒูŠูˆุชูˆ " ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠุงุจุงู†
02:31
To communicable diseases, it might be health clinics or mosquito nets.
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ูˆู„ุญู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏูŠุฉ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ ุตุญูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน " ู†ุงู…ูˆุณูŠุงุช "
02:34
To conflicts, it would be U.N.'s peacekeeping forces, and so on.
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ูˆุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุตุฑุงุนุงุช , ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุงู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ู„ุญูุธ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ..
02:37
The point that I would like to ask you to try to do,
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงุฑูŠุฏู‡ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุชุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ,
02:42
is just in 30 seconds -- and I know this is in a sense
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ุฎู„ุงู„ 30 ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ -- ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุนู„ู… ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠุงู‹
02:45
an impossible task -- write down what you think
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ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ุฉ - ุงู† ุชูƒุชุจูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู†
02:47
is probably some of the top priorities.
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ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุช .
02:49
And also -- and that's, of course, where economics gets evil --
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ูˆุฃูŠุถุงู‹ -- ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ , ุจุงู„ุทุจุน , ุจุฑุบู… ุดูŠุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ --
02:52
to put down what are the things we should not do, first.
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ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู„ุง ู†ูุนู„ู‡ุง , ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู‚ู„ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ .
02:55
What should be at the bottom of the list?
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ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุช ุŸ
02:57
Please, just take 30 seconds, perhaps talk to your neighbor,
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ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒู… , ูู‚ุท 30 ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ , ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ู„ู„ุฌุงู„ุณ ุจู‚ุฑุจูƒู… ,
03:00
and just figure out what should be the top priorities
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ูˆุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุตูˆู‰
03:02
and the bottom priorities of the solutions that we have
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ูˆู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุงู‚ู„ ุงู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ
03:04
to the world's biggest issues.
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ุงู† ู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ุง ุฃู‡ู… ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุญู„ูˆู„ ููŠ ุนุงู„ู…ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง .
03:06
The amazing part of this process -- and of course, I mean,
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ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุนุฌูŠุจ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ -- ูˆุจุงู„ุทุจุน , ุฃู†ุง ุงู‚ุตุฏ ,
03:09
I would love to -- I only have 18 minutes,
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ุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† -- ุฃู†ุง ุงู…ู„ูƒ ูู‚ุท 18 ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ,
03:11
I've already given you quite a substantial amount of my time, right?
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงุนุทูŠุชูƒู… ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุณู…ุงู‹ ุฌูŠุฏุง ู…ู† ูˆู‚ุชูŠ , ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุŸ
03:13
I'd love to go into, and get you to think about this process,
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ุงุฑูŠุฏูƒู… ุงู† ุชู†ุฎุฑุทูˆุง ู…ุนูŠ , ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุฏุฑูƒูˆุง ู…ุงู‡ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู„ูŠุฉ ,
03:17
and that's actually what we did.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจู‡ .
03:19
And I also strongly encourage you,
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุงุดุฌุนูƒู… ุจุดุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ,
03:21
and I'm sure we'll also have these discussions afterwards,
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ูˆุงู†ุง ู…ุชุงูƒุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุชู†ุงู‚ุด ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุงุญู‚ุงู‹ ,
03:23
to think about, how do we actually prioritize?
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ู„ู†ููƒุฑ ุณูˆูŠุงู‹ ูƒูŠู ุญุฏุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุช ุŸ
03:25
Of course, you have to ask yourself,
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ุทุจุนุง , ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู† ุชุณุฃู„ ู†ูุณูƒ ุฃูˆู„ุง ,
03:27
why on Earth was such a list never done before?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูุนู„ูŠุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŸ
03:29
And one reason is that prioritization is incredibly uncomfortable.
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ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู† ุงู„ุงูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุช ุดูŠุก ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑูŠุญ ุนุงุฏุฉ .
03:34
Nobody wants to do this.
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ู„ุง ุฃุญุฏ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ูŠูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ .
03:36
Of course, every organization would love to be on the top of such a list.
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ุจุงู„ุทุจุน , ูƒู„ ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู‚ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ .
03:39
But every organization would also hate to be not on the top of the list.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุชูƒุฑู‡ ุฃู„ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠ ู‚ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ .
03:42
And since there are many more not-number-one spots on the list
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ูˆุทุงู„ู…ุง ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุง ุชุญุชู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ
03:46
than there is number ones, it makes perfect sense
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ูˆุงู†ู‡ ู„ุงูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุณูˆู‰ ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุณุชุชุฑุจุน ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ , ูุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ุฌุฏุง
03:49
not to want to do such a list.
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ุฃู„ุง ู†ูุนู„ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ูƒุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ุง .
03:51
We've had the U.N. for almost 60 years,
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ูู†ุญู† ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ู…ู„ูƒ ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ุฐ 60 ุนุงู…ุง ,
03:53
yet we've never actually made a fundamental list
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฑุบู… ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู… ู†ู‚ู… ุจุนู…ู„ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
03:56
of all the big things that we can do in the world,
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ู„ู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ู†ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ,
03:58
and said, which of them should we do first?
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ูˆู„ู… ู†ุญุฏุฏ , ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุŸ
04:01
So it doesn't mean that we are not prioritizing --
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุชุตู†ูŠู ู„ู„ุงู…ูˆุฑ ุญูˆู„ู†ุง --
04:04
any decision is a prioritization, so of course we are still prioritizing,
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ู„ุงู† ุฃูŠ ู‚ุฑุงุฑ iู‡ูˆ ุชุตู†ูŠู ููŠ ุญุฏ ุฐุงุชู‡ , ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู†ุญู† ู…ุงุฒู„ู†ุง ู†ุตู†ู .
04:08
if only implicitly -- and that's unlikely to be as good
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ุฅุฐุง ุชู… ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‚ุท -- ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุฌูŠุฏ ุจู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠ
04:11
as if we actually did the prioritization,
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ููŠู…ุง ู„ูˆ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ูุนู„ูŠุงู‹ ุจุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุช ,
04:13
and went in and talked about it.
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ูˆู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุชู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ุง .
04:15
So what I'm proposing is really to say that we have,
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ุชุฑุญ ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ุชุตูˆุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ,
04:17
for a very long time, had a situation when we've had a menu of choices.
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ู…ู†ุฐ ูˆู‚ุช ุทูˆูŠู„ , ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุจู‡ุง ุฎูŠุงุฑุงุช .
04:21
There are many, many things we can do out there,
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ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง , ู„ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ,
04:23
but we've not had the prices, nor the sizes.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ , ูˆู„ุง ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณุงุช ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจู‡ ู„ู‡ุง
04:26
We have not had an idea.
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃูŠ ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู†ู‡ู…ุง .
04:28
Imagine going into a restaurant and getting this big menu card,
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ุงูŠ ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู†ูƒ ููŠ ู…ุทุนู… ูˆู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุทุนุงู… ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
04:31
but you have no idea what the price is.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ูƒู… ู„ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฌุจุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจู‡ุง .
04:33
You know, you have a pizza; you've no idea what the price is.
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู† ุชุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุฒุง ู„ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู†ูƒ ู„ุง ุชุนุฑู ุชูƒู„ูุชู‡ุง
04:35
It could be at one dollar; it could be 1,000 dollars.
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ูู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ , ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† 1,000 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ .
04:37
It could be a family-size pizza;
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ูˆุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ูŠ .
04:39
it could be a very individual-size pizza, right?
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ุงูˆ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูู‚ุท , ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุŸ
04:41
We'd like to know these things.
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ุฌู…ูŠุนู†ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก " ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญุฌู… "
04:43
And that is what the Copenhagen Consensus is really trying to do --
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ู…ุคุชู…ุฑ ูƒูˆุจู†ู‡ุงุฌู† ุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡
04:45
to try to put prices on these issues.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุชุณุนูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุถุงูŠุง .
04:48
And so basically, this has been the Copenhagen Consensus' process.
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุญุงูˆู„ ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน ูƒูˆุจู†ู‡ุงุฌู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ .
04:51
We got 30 of the world's best economists, three in each area.
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ูู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู… ุจุงุณุชู‚ุฏุงู… ุฃู‡ู… 30 ุฅู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… , 3 ู…ู† ูƒู„ ู…ุฌุงู„ .
04:55
So we have three of world's top economists write about climate change.
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ููƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุงูุถู„ 3 ู…ุญู„ูŠู„ู† ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠู† ู„ูŠูƒุชุจูˆุง ุนู† ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠ .
04:58
What can we do? What will be the cost
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ูˆู„ูŠุญุฏุฏูˆุง ู…ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ุŸ ูˆู…ุงู‡ูˆ ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุŸ
05:01
and what will be the benefit of that?
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ูˆู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุนูˆุงุฆุฏู‡ ูˆุงู„ููˆุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณุชุคู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุŸ
05:02
Likewise in communicable diseases.
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุงูŠุถุง ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏูŠุฉ .
05:04
Three of the world's top experts saying, what can we do?
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ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุก ู„ูŠุญุฏุฏูˆุง ู„ู†ุง , ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ุŸ
05:07
What would be the price?
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ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุŸ
05:08
What should we do about it, and what will be the outcome?
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ูˆูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ , ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ููˆุงุฆุฏุฉ ูˆุนูˆุงุฆุฏู‡ ุŸ
05:11
And so on.
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ...
05:12
Then we had some of the world's top economists,
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ุซู… ุฌุนู„ู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ,
05:14
eight of the world's top economists, including three Nobel Laureates,
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ุซู…ุงู† ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ , ูŠุชุถู…ู†ู‡ู… ุซู„ุงุซ ุญุงุฒูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุงุฆุฒุฉ ู†ูˆุจู„ ,
05:18
meet in Copenhagen in May 2004.
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ุฅู„ุชู‚ูˆุง ููŠ ูƒูˆุจู†ู‡ุงุฌู† ููŠ ู…ุงูŠูˆ ู…ู† ุนุงู… 2004 .
05:21
We called them the "dream team."
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ูˆุงุทู„ู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฅุณู… ูุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃุญู„ุงู… .
05:23
The Cambridge University prefects decided to call them
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ุฑุฑุช ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูƒุงู…ุจุฑูŠุฌ ุงู† ุชุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…
05:26
the Real Madrid of economics.
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ูุฑูŠู‚ ุฑูŠุงู„ ู…ุฏุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠ .
05:28
That works very well in Europe, but it doesn't really work over here.
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุตุฏู‰ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุฌูŠุฏุง ููŠ ุงูˆุฑูˆุจุง , ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠู„ู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุณุชุญุณุงู† ู‡ู†ุง .
05:30
And what they basically did was come out with a prioritized list.
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ูˆู…ุงู‚ุงู… ุจู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุจู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุช .
05:34
And then you ask, why economists?
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ุซู… ุณุชุณุฃู„ูˆู† , ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠู† ุŸ
05:36
And of course, I'm very happy you asked that question -- (Laughter) --
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุจุงู„ุทุจุน , ุณุนูŠุฏ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู„ุฃู†ูƒู… ุณุฃู„ุชู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ - (ุถุญูƒ) -
05:38
because that's a very good question.
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ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุณุคุงู„ ู…ู‡ู…ูŒ ุฌุฏุงู‹ .
05:40
The point is, of course, if you want to know about malaria,
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ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ , ุจุงู„ุทุจุน , ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏุช ุฃู† ุชุนุฑู ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฑูŠุง ,
05:43
you ask a malaria expert.
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ูุชุณุฃู„ ุฎุจูŠุฑุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฑูŠุง .
05:45
If you want to know about climate, you ask a climatologist.
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ูˆุงุฐุง ุงุฑุฏุช ุงู† ุชุนุฑู ุดูŠุฆุงู ุนู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ , ุณุชุณุฃู„ ุฎุจูŠุฑุง ุจู‡ .
05:47
But if you want to know which of the two you should deal with first,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู† ุฃุฑุฏุช ุงู† ุชุนู„ู… ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠู† ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู† ุชุนุงู„ุฌ ุงูˆู„ุงู‹ ,
05:50
you can't ask either of them, because that's not what they do.
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ูุงู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุณุฃู„ ุฃูŠุงู‹ ู…ู†ู‡ู… , ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุนู…ู„ู‡ู… .
05:53
That is what economists do.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠูˆู† .
05:55
They prioritize.
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ูู‡ู… ูŠุญุฏุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุงูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุช .
05:56
They make that in some ways disgusting task of saying, which one should we do first,
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ูู‡ู… ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุญุจุจู‡ ู„ู„ู…ุนุธู… , ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู„ุฅู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุจู‡ ุฃูˆู„ุง ,
06:01
and which one should we do afterwards?
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ูˆู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุชุฃุฌูŠู„ู‡ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ู„ุงุญู‚ุงู‹ ุŸ
06:03
So this is the list, and this is the one I'd like to share with you.
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ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ , ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ุจู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ุงุดุงุฑูƒูƒู… ููŠู‡ุง .
06:06
Of course, you can also see it on the website,
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ุทุจุนุง , ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุงูŠุถุง ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ ,
06:08
and we'll also talk about it more, I'm sure, as the day goes on.
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ูˆุณูˆู ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงูƒุซุฑ ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ุจู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… .
06:11
They basically came up with a list where they said
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ูุนู„ูŠุง ุจุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุจู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุญูŠุซ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง
06:13
there were bad projects -- basically, projects
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ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ุฎุงุณุฑุฉ -- ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณ , ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ..
06:16
where if you invest a dollar, you get less than a dollar back.
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ุฅุฐ ุฅุณุชุซู…ุฑุช ุจู‡ุง ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏุงู‹ , ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ .
06:19
Then there's fair projects, good projects and very good projects.
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ู…ุชูˆุงุฒู†ุฉ , ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ู…ุฑุจุญุฉ ูˆุงุฎุฑู‰ ู…ุฑุจุญุฉ ุฌุฏุง .
06:23
And of course, it's the very good projects we should start doing.
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ูˆุทุจุนุง , ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุญุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจู‡ุง .
06:25
I'm going to go from backwards
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ูˆุณูˆู ุฃุจุฏุฃ ู„ูƒู… ู…ู† ุฃุณูู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ
06:27
so that we end up with the best projects.
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ู„ูƒูŠ ู†ู†ุชู‡ูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ุงู„ุฑุงุจุญุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ .
06:29
These were the bad projects.
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ุฎุงุณุฑุฉ ุจูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ู†ุธุฑู‡ู… .
06:31
As you might see the bottom of the list was climate change.
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ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู† ูุงู† ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠ ููŠ ุฐูŠู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ .
06:35
This offends a lot of people, and that's probably one of the things
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠุณูŠุก ู„ู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุดุฎุงุต ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูˆุฑ
06:39
where people will say I shouldn't come back, either.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฏูุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ุนุฏู… ุงู„ูˆุซูˆู‚ ุจุงู„ุฑุฌูˆุน ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑูŠ , ุฃูŠุถุง .
06:41
And I'd like to talk about that, because that's really curious.
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ูˆุณูˆู ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง , ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู…ุฑูŒ ู…ุซูŠุฑ ูุนู„ุง ู„ู„ูุถูˆู„ .
06:43
Why is it it came up?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุฌุงุก ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุง ุŸ
06:45
And I'll actually also try to get back to this
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ูˆุณูˆู ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ุฃูŠุถุง
06:47
because it's probably one of the things
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ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุงู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ
06:49
that we'll disagree with on the list that you wrote down.
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ุณู†ุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ุชุฑุชูŠุจู‡ุง ุชุจุนุง ู„ู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ู…ุชู… ุจูƒุชุงุจุชู‡ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง .
06:51
The reason why they came up with saying that Kyoto --
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ุงู† ู…ุง ุฌุนู„ู‡ู… ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูƒู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูƒุงูŠูˆุชูˆ --
06:54
or doing something more than Kyoto -- is a bad deal
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ุงูˆ ุนู…ู„ ุฃูุถู„ ู…ู† ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูƒูŠูˆุชูˆ -- ู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุฑ ุฎุงุณุฑ
06:56
is simply because it's very inefficient.
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ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุจุณุจุจ ุฅู†ู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ูุนุงู„ุฉ .
06:58
It's not saying that global warming is not happening.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู„ุงูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุฅู† ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุญุงุฏุซ ูุนู„ูŠุงู‹ .
07:00
It's not saying that it's not a big problem.
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ูˆู„ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ .
07:02
But it's saying that what we can do about it
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ุญูŠุงู„ ุฐู„ูƒ
07:04
is very little, at a very high cost.
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุฑ ุตุบูŠุฑ ู†ุณุจูŠุง , ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ .
07:07
What they basically show us, the average of all macroeconomic models,
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ู…ุง ุฃูˆุถุญูˆู‡ ู„ู†ุง , ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุฉ ุฃุฌู…ุนุช ,
07:11
is that Kyoto, if everyone agreed, would cost about 150 billion dollars a year.
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ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ ุญู„ ูƒุงูŠูˆุชูˆ , ุฅุฐุง ูˆุงูู‚ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน , ูุฅู† ุงู„ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงูŠู‚ุงุฑุจ 150 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ .
07:16
That's a substantial amount of money.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุจู„ุบ ูƒุจูŠุฑูŒ ุฌุฏุงู‹
07:18
That's two to three times the global development aid
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ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠู‚ุงุฑุจ ุถุนููŠู† ุงู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุถุนุงู ุงู„ู…ุจุงู„ุบ ุงู„ู…ุฎุตุตุฉ ู„ู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ
07:20
that we give the Third World every year.
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุตุฑู ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ูƒู„ ุนุงู… .
07:22
Yet it would do very little good.
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ู„ู† ูŠุคุซุฑ ุฅู„ุง ุนู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ ุฌูŠุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุงู‹ .
07:24
All models show it will postpone warming for about six years in 2100.
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ูˆุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูƒูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุจู„ุบ ุณูŠูˆู‚ู ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชุจุงุณ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุงุนูˆุงู… ู…ู†ุฐ ุนุงู… 2100
07:28
So the guy in Bangladesh who gets a flood in 2100 can wait until 2106.
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ุงูŠ ุณูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุนูŠุด ููŠ ุจู†ุบู„ุงุฏุด ุงู† ูŠุชุฌู†ุจ ุบู…ุฑ ุงุฑุงุถูŠู‡ 6 ุงุนูˆุงู… ุงุฎุฑู‰
07:32
Which is a little good, but not very much good.
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู…ุฑ ุฌูŠุฏ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุฌูŠุฏุง ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒูุงูŠุฉ
07:34
So the idea here really is to say, well, we've spent a lot of money doing a little good.
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ูˆุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุญุงูˆู„ ุงู† ุงูˆุตู„ู‡ุง ู„ูƒู… ู‡ูŠ , ุฅู†ู†ุง ุณู†ู†ูู‚ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุจู„ุบ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงู†ุฌุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน .
07:39
And just to give you a sense of reference,
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุฏุฑูƒ ูƒุจุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุนู„ู… ,
07:41
the U.N. actually estimate that for half that amount,
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ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ูู‚ุท ู†ุตู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุจู„ุบ ,
07:43
for about 75 billion dollars a year,
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ุงูŠ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุงุฑุจ 75 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุณู†ูˆูŠุง ,
07:45
we could solve all major basic problems in the world.
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ู„ุญู„ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… .
07:48
We could give clean drinking water, sanitation, basic healthcare
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุจู„ุบ ุงู† ูŠู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุธูŠู , ุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณูŠุฉ
07:51
and education to every single human being on the planet.
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ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูƒู„ ูุฑุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ .
07:54
So we have to ask ourselves, do we want to spend twice the amount
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ู„ุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุณุฃู„ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง , ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ู‡ู„ ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ู†ู†ูู‚ ุถุนู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุจู„ุบ
07:58
on doing very little good?
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ู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌุงุฒ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ ุŸ
07:59
Or half the amount on doing an amazing amount of good?
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ุงู… ุงู† ู†ุตุฑู ูู‚ุท ู†ุตูู‡ ู„ูƒูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุญุฒู…ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฌุงุฒุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุŸ
08:02
And that is really why it becomes a bad project.
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ูˆู„ู‡ุฐุง ุบุฏุง ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุญู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ ู…ุดุฑูˆุนุง ุฎุงุณุฑุง .
08:05
It's not to say that if we had all the money in the world, we wouldn't want to do it.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ุงูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู†ุง ู„ู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุตู„ุงุญ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ , ู„ูˆ ุชูˆูุฑุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ุงู„ูƒุงููŠุฉ .
08:08
But it's to say, when we don't, it's just simply not our first priority.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุญุงู„ูŠุง ู„ูŠุณ ุถู…ู† ุงู„ุงูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุตูˆู‰ ุชุจุนุง ู„ู„ุชู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠ .
08:12
The fair projects -- notice I'm not going to comment on all these --
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ุงู„ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ - ูˆู„ู† ุฃุนู„ู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ --
08:15
but communicable diseases, scale of basic health services -- just made it,
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏูŠุฉ , ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ -- ุฌุนู„ุชู‡ุง ,
08:19
simply because, yes, scale of basic health services is a great thing.
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ุจุณูŠุทุฉ , ู†ุนู… , ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุดูŠุก ุนุธูŠู… .
08:22
It would do a lot of good, but it's also very, very costly.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุงูŠุถุง ู…ูƒู„ู ุฌุฏุง .
08:25
Again, what it tells us is suddenly
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ูˆู…ุฑุฉ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ูุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ููˆุฑ
08:27
we start thinking about both sides of the equation.
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ุจุฏุงูŠุชู†ุง ุจุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจุทุฑููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ .
08:29
If you look at the good projects, a lot of sanitation and water projects came in.
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ูˆุงุฐุง ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ุงู„ู†ุงุฌุญุฉ , ุณู†ุฌุฏ ุงู† ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูˆุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠ ุณุชุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ
08:33
Again, sanitation and water is incredibly important,
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ูˆุตุญูŠุญ ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ,
08:35
but it also costs a lot of infrastructure.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุญุชูŠุฉ .
08:38
So I'd like to show you the top four priorities
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ู„ุฐุง ุงุฑุบุจ ุจุงู† ุงุนุฑุถ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงูˆู„ ุงุฑุจุน ุงูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุช ุชู… ุชุญุฏูŠุฏู‡ุง
08:40
which should be at least the first ones that we deal with
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ู†ุจุฏุง ุจู…ุนุงู„ุฌุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููˆุฑ
08:43
when we talk about how we should deal with the problems in the world.
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ูุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… .
08:46
The fourth best problem is malaria -- dealing with malaria.
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ูุงู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฑูŠุง ุชุญุชู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน -- ูุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฑูŠุง .
08:50
The incidence of malaria is about a couple of [million] people get infected every year.
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุตูŠุจ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุงุฑุจ 2 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุดุฎุต ูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉ .
08:54
It might even cost up towards a percentage point of GDP
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชุตู„ ุชูƒู„ูุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠ
08:58
every year for affected nations.
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ูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ุจู‡ุง .
09:00
If we invested about 13 billion dollars over the next four years,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงุฐุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑ 13 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุน ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ,
09:04
we could bring that incidence down to half.
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ูุงู† ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุงุตุงุจุฉ ุจู‡ุง ุณูŠู†ุฎูุถ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุตู .
09:06
We could avoid about 500,000 people dying,
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ูˆุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู†ู‚ุงุฐ ู†ุตู ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุดุฎุต ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุช ,
09:09
but perhaps more importantly, we could avoid about a [million] people
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ูˆุงู„ุงู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†ู†ุง ุณู†ุชุฌู†ุจ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุงุฑุจ ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุดุฎุต
09:12
getting infected every year.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุตุงุจุฉ ุจู‡ุง ุณู†ูˆูŠุง .
09:13
We would significantly increase their ability
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูˆู ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ู‚ุฏุฑุงุชู‡ู…
09:15
to deal with many of the other problems that they have to deal with --
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุงุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุงุจุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ุง ุชุญูŠุท ุจู‡ู… .
09:18
of course, in the long run, also to deal with global warming.
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ูˆุทุจุนุง , ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชุจุงุณ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ .
09:22
This third best one was free trade.
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ุงู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ูู‡ูˆ ู„ู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุฉ .
09:25
Basically, the model showed that if we could get free trade,
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ูˆูŠุดูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ูƒู… ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุงุณุชุทุนู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุญุฑุฑ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ,
09:28
and especially cut subsidies in the U.S. and Europe,
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ูˆ ุจุงู„ุฃุฎุต ุฃู† ู†ูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุฏุนู… ู„ู„ุณู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงูˆุฑูˆุจุง ,
09:31
we could basically enliven the global economy
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ูุงู†ู†ุง ุณูˆู ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅุณุชุซุงุฑู‡ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ูƒูƒู„
09:35
to an astounding number of about 2,400 billion dollars a year,
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ุงู„ู‰ ุฑู‚ู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุจ 2,400 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุณู†ูˆูŠุง ,
09:39
half of which would accrue to the Third World.
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ู†ุตูู‡ ุณูŠุนูˆุฏ ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ .
09:41
Again, the point is to say that we could actually pull
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ู…ุฌุฏุฏุงู‹ , ุชูƒู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฑูุน
09:44
two to three hundred million people out of poverty,
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ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุงุฑุจ 2-3 ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุดุฎุต ู…ู† ุงู„ูู‚ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ุน ,
09:47
very radically fast, in about two to five years.
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ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ , ุฃูŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุณู†ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณ ุณู†ูˆุงุช .
09:50
That would be the third best thing we could do.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูุถู„ ุซุงู„ุซ ุดูŠุก ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ .
09:52
The second best thing would be to focus on malnutrition.
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ุฃู…ุง ุฃูุถู„ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุดูŠุก ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ .
09:56
Not just malnutrition in general, but there's a very cheap way
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ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ , ุฅู†ู…ุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฑุฎูŠุตุฉ
09:59
of dealing with malnutrition, namely, the lack of micronutrients.
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ู„ู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ , ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูŠ , ุจู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุฅุญุชูŠุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุก .
10:02
Basically, about half of the world's population is lacking in
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ุฃุณุงุณุง , ุฅู† ู†ุตู ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู†ู‚ุต
10:05
iron, zinc, iodine and vitamin A.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ , ุงู„ุฒู†ูƒ , ุงู„ูŠูˆุฏ ูˆ ููŠุชุงู…ูŠู† ุฃ .
10:07
If we invest about 12 billion dollars,
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ูˆุงุฐุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑ 12 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ,
10:09
we could make a severe inroad into that problem.
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ูุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุคุซุฑ ุชุงุซูŠุฑุง ุจุงู„ุบุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆูŠุญู„ู‡ุง .
10:12
That would be the second best investment that we could do.
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ู„ุฐุง ูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุซุงู† ุงูุถู„ ุดูŠุก ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ .
10:15
And the very best project would be to focus on HIV/AIDS.
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ุงู…ุง ุฃูุถู„ ุดูŠุก ูŠุฌุจ ุงู„ุชุฏุฎู„ ุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงูŠุฏุฒ .
10:20
Basically, if we invest 27 billion dollars over the next eight years,
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ูˆุงุฐุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุงุฑุจ 27 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุซู…ุงู† ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ
10:24
we could avoid 28 new million cases of HIV/AIDS.
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ูุงู†ู†ุง ุณูˆู ู†ุญู…ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุงุฑุจ 28 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ุงูŠุฏุฒ
10:28
Again, what this does and what it focuses on is saying
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ูˆู…ุฑุฉ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ูุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู†ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„
10:32
there are two very different ways that we can deal with HIV/AIDS.
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ุงู„ู‰ ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชูŠู† ู„ู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงูŠุฏุฒ .
10:35
One is treatment; the other one is prevention.
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ุงู„ุงูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ , ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ .
10:38
And again, in an ideal world, we would do both.
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ูˆููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ู…ุซุงู„ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠู† ุณูˆูŠุง .
10:41
But in a world where we don't do either, or don't do it very well,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ู„ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุทู„ุงู‚ , ุงูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุญุฏู‡ุง ุจูุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ,
10:44
we have to at least ask ourselves where should we invest first.
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ููŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุฎุชุงุฑ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุชุฏุฎู„ ู„ู„ุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃูˆู„ุง .
10:48
And treatment is much, much more expensive than prevention.
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ .
10:51
So basically, what this focuses on is saying, we can do a lot more
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ูุงู† ุงู„ู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุฃูˆุตุช ุจุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฌุงุฒ ุงู„ุงูƒุจุฑ ุณูŠูƒูˆู†
10:55
by investing in prevention.
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ุจุงู„ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ
10:57
Basically for the amount of money that we spend,
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ุงูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุจู„ุบ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูˆู ู†ุตุฑูู‡ ,
10:59
we can do X amount of good in treatment,
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ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ุจู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ ุณ ,
11:02
and 10 times as much good in prevention.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุณูˆู ูŠููŠุฏ 10 ู…ุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ ุณ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุตุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ .
11:05
So again, what we focus on is prevention rather than treatment,
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ู„ุฐุง ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ , ูุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ ุจุฏู„ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ,
11:08
at first rate.
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ .
11:09
What this really does is that it makes us think about our priorities.
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ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุนุฑุถุชู‡ ูŠุฌุนู„ู†ุง ู†ููƒุฑ ุจุงูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ .
11:13
I'd like to have you look at your priority list and say,
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ุงุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ูุฑุฏ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ู‰ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุชู‡ ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ ,
11:17
did you get it right?
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ู‡ู„ ู…ุง ูƒุชุจุชู…ูˆู‡ ุตุญูŠุญ ุŸ
11:19
Or did you get close to what we came up with here?
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ุงู… ุงู†ู‡ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ู…ู…ุง ุนุฑุถ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ู‡ู†ุง ุŸ
11:21
Well, of course, one of the things is climate change again.
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ุทุจุนุง ุงู† ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุญุฏ ุฃู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุซุงู†ูŠุงู‹ .
11:25
I find a lot of people find it very, very unlikely that we should do that.
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ุฃุฌุฏ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ูƒู… ูŠุฌุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ , ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ุฃู† ู†ุณูŠุฑ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ .
11:28
We should also do climate change,
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ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠ ,
11:30
if for no other reason, simply because it's such a big problem.
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ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ุณุจุจ ุขุฎุฑ , ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู‚ู„ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง .
11:33
But of course, we don't do all problems.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู„ุงูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ู†ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ .
11:36
There are many problems out there in the world.
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ุญูŠุซ ุงู† ุนุงู„ู…ู†ุง ู…ู„ูŠุก ุจุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ
11:38
And what I want to make sure of is, if we actually focus on problems,
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงุฑูŠุฏู‡ ุงู† ุงุคูƒุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ , ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุฑูƒุฒู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ,
11:42
that we focus on the right ones.
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ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ูุนู„ุง ุงู† ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง .
11:44
The ones where we can do a lot of good rather than a little good.
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ู†ู†ุฌุฒ ุจู‡ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุง ุฌุฏุง ุจุฏู„ุง ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุงูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุญูŠุงู„ู‡ุง
11:47
And I think, actually -- Thomas Schelling,
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ูˆุงู†ุง ุงุธู† ูุนู„ุง ุงู† ุชูˆู…ุง ุดูŠู„ู†ุบ
11:50
one of the participants in the dream team, he put it very, very well.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒูŠู† ููŠ ูุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุงุญู„ุงู… , ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ุธู…ู‡ุง ุฌูŠุฏุงู‹ ุฌุฏุง .
11:54
One of things that people forget, is that in 100 years,
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ุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุณูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„ 100 ุนุงู… ,
11:57
when we're talking about most of the climate change impacts will be,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุธู† ุงู† ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงูƒุจุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง
12:00
people will be much, much richer.
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุชู‡ุง ุงูƒุซุฑ ุซุฑูˆุฉ .
12:02
Even the most pessimistic impact scenarios of the U.N.
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ุชุจุนุง ู„ุงูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุชุตูˆุฑุงุช ุชุดุงุฆู…ุง ูุงู† ุงู„ุงู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
12:06
estimate that the average person in the developing world in 2100
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ุชุชูˆู‚ุน ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุท ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู†ุงู…ูŠ ุนุงู… 2100
12:09
will be about as rich as we are today.
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ุงูƒุซุฑ ุซุฑูˆุฉ ู…ู…ุง ู†ุญู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุงู† .
12:11
Much more likely, they will be two to four times richer than we are.
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ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฌุฏุงู‹ , ู…ุงูŠู‚ุงุฑุจ ู…ู† ุถุนููŠู† ุงู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุถุนุงู ู…ุง ู†ุญู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุงู† .
12:15
And of course, we'll be even richer than that.
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ูˆุทุจุนุง ุณู†ูƒูˆู† ู†ุญู† ุงูŠุถุง ุงูƒุซุฑ ุซุฑูˆุฉ ู…ู…ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุขู† .
12:17
But the point is to say, when we talk about saving people,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู†ู‚ุงุฐ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ,
12:21
or helping people in Bangladesh in 2100,
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ุฃูˆ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุจู†ุฌู„ุงุฏุด ู…ุซู„ุง ุนุงู… 2100 ,
12:24
we're not talking about a poor Bangladeshi.
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ูู†ุญู† ู„ู… ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ูู‚ุฑุงุก ุจู†ุฌู„ุงุฏุด .
12:26
We're actually talking about a fairly rich Dutch guy.
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ุจู„ ู†ุญู† ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุท ุงู„ุบู†ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ูˆู„ู†ุฏุง .
12:28
And so the real point, of course, is to say,
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ู„ุฐุง ูุงู† ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุชุทุฑุญ ุณุคุงู„ุง ,
12:30
do we want to spend a lot of money helping a little,
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ู‡ู„ ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ูุนู„ุง ุฃู† ู†ุตุฑู ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู…ูˆุงู„ ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ,
12:34
100 years from now, a fairly rich Dutch guy?
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ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆู„ู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุท ุงู„ุบู†ูŠ ุŸ
12:36
Or do we want to help real poor people, right now, in Bangladesh,
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ุงู… ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ูุนู„ุง ุฃู† ู†ุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠู† , ุงู„ุงู† , ููŠ ุจู†ุฌู„ุงุฏูŠุด ,
12:41
who really need the help, and whom we can help very, very cheaply?
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ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ูุนู„ูŠุงู‹ ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุชู†ุง ุŸ ูˆู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู† ู†ุณุงุนุฏู‡ , ุจุงู‚ู„ ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู†ุฉ ุŸ
12:44
Or as Schelling put it, imagine if you were a rich -- as you will be --
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ูˆูƒู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ ุดูŠู„ู†ุฌ ุชุฎูŠู„ ู†ูุณูƒ ุดุฎุตุง ุบู†ูŠุง -- ูƒู…ุง ุณุชูƒูˆู† --
12:49
a rich Chinese, a rich Bolivian, a rich Congolese, in 2100,
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ุบู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุจูˆู„ูŠููŠุง ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุบูˆ ุนุงู… 2100
12:54
thinking back on 2005, and saying, "How odd that they cared so much
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ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุงู… 2005 , ุฃู„ู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ , " ูƒู… ู‡ูˆ ุบุฑูŠุจ ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจู†ุง
13:00
about helping me a little bit through climate change,
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ูู‚ุฏ ุณุงุนุฏูˆู†ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชุจุงุณ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ ,
13:04
and cared so fairly little about helping my grandfather
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ูˆุงู‡ุชู…ูˆุง ุจุฌุฏูŠ ุจุณูŠุทุงู‹ ุฅู„ูŠ ุญุฏ ู…ุง
13:08
and my great grandfather, whom they could have helped so much more,
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ูˆุจุฌุฏูŠ ุงู„ุงูƒุจุฑ , ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏูˆู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ,
13:11
and who needed the help so much more?"
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ู„ุฐุง ุจุฑุงูŠูƒู… ู…ู† ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงูƒุซุฑ ุŸ "
13:14
So I think that really does tell us why it is
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุฎุจุฑู†ุง ูุนู„ุง ู„ู…ุงุฐุง
13:17
we need to get our priorities straight.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุชุตู†ูŠู ุฃูˆู„ูˆู„ูŠุงุชู†ุง ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .
13:19
Even if it doesn't accord to the typical way we see this problem.
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ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุฉ ู„ุชุตูˆุฑุงุชู†ุง ุนู† ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ .
13:22
Of course, that's mainly because climate change has good pictures.
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ูˆุจุงู„ุทุจุน , ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณุจุจู‡ุง ุฃุณุงุณุงูŽ ุฃู† ู‚ุถุงูŠุง ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุงุญุชุจุงุณ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ ู„ู‡ ุตูˆุฑ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ .
13:27
We have, you know, "The Day After Tomorrow" -- it looks great, right?
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ููƒู„ู†ุง ุดุงู‡ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ููŠู„ู… "ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู„ูŠ ุงู„ุบุฏ" -- ูƒุงู† ูู„ู…ุง ุฑุงุฆุนุง , ุงู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุŸ
13:30
It's a good film in the sense that
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ูƒุงู† ููŠู„ู…ุง ุฑุงุฆุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุฑ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
13:33
I certainly want to see it, right, but don't expect Emmerich
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ุงู†ูŠ ุงุฑุบุจ ุจู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุชู‡ , ุตุญูŠุญ , ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุฑุฌ ุฑูˆู†ุงู„ุฏ ุฅูŠู…ุฑูŠุด
13:36
to cast Brad Pitt in his next movie
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ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุจุฑุงุฏ ุจุช ููŠ ูู„ู…ู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุจู„ ุจุทู„ุงู‹
13:39
digging latrines in Tanzania or something. (Laughter)
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุญูุฑ ู‚ู†ูˆุงุช ุตุฑู ุตุญูŠ ููŠ ุชู†ุฒุงู†ูŠุง ุงูˆ ู…ุง ุงู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ - ุถุญูƒ -
13:41
It just doesn't make for as much of a movie.
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ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ู„ู‡ุฏู ุนู…ู„ ูู„ู…ุง ุฌูŠุฏุง .
13:43
So in many ways, I think of the Copenhagen Consensus
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ู„ุฐุง ูˆู…ู† ุนุฏุฉ ุงูˆุฌู‡ , ูุงู†ูŠ ุงุฑู‰ ุงู† ู…ู†ุชุฏูŠ ูƒูˆุจู†ู‡ุงุฌู†
13:45
and the whole discussion of priorities
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ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฌุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุญูˆุงุฑุงุช ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุช
13:47
as a defense for boring problems.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุฏูุงุนุง ุนู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู…ู„ุฉ .
13:50
To make sure that we realize it's not about making us feel good.
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ูˆุณูŠุฌุนู„ู†ุง ู…ูˆู‚ู†ูŠู† ุงู† ู†ุฏุฑูƒ ุฃู† ุญู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ูˆุฑ ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ุฏูู‡ุง ุงู† ู†ุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ,
13:54
It's not about making things that have the most media attention,
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู‡ุฏูู‡ุง ุฌู„ุจ ุถุฌุฉ ุงุนู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ,
13:59
but it's about making places where we can actually do the most good.
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ุจู„ ุงู† ู‡ุฏูู‡ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุจูุงุนู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
14:02
The other objections, I think, that are important to say,
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ูˆุงู„ุงุนุชุฑุงุถุงุช ุงู„ุงุฎุฑู‰ , ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุธู† ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูˆูŠุฌุจ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง
14:05
is that I'm somehow -- or we are somehow -- positing a false choice.
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ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ู†ูŠ ุงูˆ ู†ุญู† ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ุง ู†ุฎุชุงุฑ ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ .
14:09
Of course, we should do all things,
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ุตุญูŠุญ , ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุญู„ ุฌูŠู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ,
14:11
in an ideal world -- I would certainly agree.
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ูููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ู…ุซุงู„ูŠ -- ุณุฃูˆุงูู‚ูƒู… ุงู„ุฑุฃูŠ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ .
14:13
I think we should do all things, but we don't.
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ูุงู†ุง ุงุธู† ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุงุจุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุจูƒู„ ุดูŠุก , ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ู†ูุนู„ .
14:15
In 1970, the developed world decided we were going to spend
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ููŠ ุนุงู… 1970 , ู‚ุฑุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู† ูŠุตุฑู
14:19
twice as much as we did, right now, than in 1970, on the developing world.
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ุถุนู ู…ุง ู†ู†ูˆูŠ ุตุฑูู‡ ู†ุญู† , ุงู„ุงู† , ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุนุงู… 1970ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู†ุงู…ูŠ .
14:25
Since then our aid has halved.
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ูˆู…ู†ุฐ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญูŠู† ูˆู…ุณุงุนุฏุงุชู†ุง ุฎูุถุช ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุตู .
14:27
So it doesn't look like we're actually on the path
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ุงูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฅู†ู†ุง ู„ุณู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ
14:30
of suddenly solving all big problems.
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ู„ุญู„ ุฌู…ูŠุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ .
14:32
Likewise, people are also saying, but what about the Iraq war?
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงุฎุฑ , ุณูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ ุŸ
14:35
You know, we spend 100 billion dollars --
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ูู‚ุฏ ุตุฑูู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุงุฑุจ 100 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ .
14:37
why don't we spend that on doing good in the world?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ู… ู†ุตุฑู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ูˆุงู„ ููŠ ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุนุงู„ู…ู†ุง ุŸ
14:39
I'm all for that.
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ูˆุงู†ุง ู…ุนูƒู… ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ .
14:40
If any one of you guys can talk Bush into doing that, that's fine.
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ูˆุงุฐุง ุงุณุชุทุงุน ุงุญุฏูƒู… ุงู† ูŠุชุญุฏุซ ู…ุน ุฌูˆุฑุฌ ุจูˆุด ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุต ูู‡ุฐุง ุฌูŠุฏ
14:42
But the point, of course, is still to say,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุง ุงู† ู…ุง ูŠุฌุจ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡
14:44
if you get another 100 billion dollars,
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ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุญุตู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ 100 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ,
14:46
we still want to spend that in the best possible way, don't we?
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ูุงู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุญุฑุต ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ุชุตุฑู ุจุงูุถู„ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู†ุฉ " ุงู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ " ุŸ
14:49
So the real issue here is to get ourselves back
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ูˆุชูƒู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู†ูุณู†ุง
14:51
and think about what are the right priorities.
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ูˆู†ููƒุฑ ุฌูŠุฏุง ุจุงู„ุงูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุงู‡ู… ูˆุงู„ุงุตุญ .
14:53
I should just mention briefly, is this really the right list that we got out?
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ุงุทุฑุญ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ , ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูุนู„ุง ุŸ
14:57
You know, when you ask the world's best economists,
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ุงู†ุชู… ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† , ุงู†ู†ุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุดุงุฑุฉ ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠู† ,
15:00
you inevitably end up asking old, white American men.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุณุชู†ุชู‡ูˆู† ุจุณุคุงู„ ุฑุฌุงู„ุง ูƒุจุงุฑุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุถ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู† .
15:03
And they're not necessarily, you know,
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ูˆู‡ู… ู„ูŠุณูˆ ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ - ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† -
15:05
great ways of looking at the entire world.
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ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู‡ู… ุงูุถู„ ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ู†ุธุฑ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุจู‡ุง ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู… .
15:09
So we actually invited 80 young people from all over the world
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ู„ุฐุง ูู‚ุฏ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฏุนูˆุฉ 80 ุดุงุจุง ู…ู† ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
15:11
to come and solve the same problem.
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ู„ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ูˆุญู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ .
15:13
The only two requirements were that they were studying at the university,
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุดุฑุทูŠู† ู„ู„ู‚ุจูˆู„ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฏุฑุณูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ,
15:17
and they spoke English.
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ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ู… ูŠุชุญุฏุซูˆู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุจุทู„ุงู‚ุฉ .
15:19
The majority of them were, first, from developing countries.
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ .
15:22
They had all the same material but they could go vastly
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ู‚ุฏ ุญุตู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนุทูŠุงุช ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ูƒุงู† ุจุงู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ู…
15:24
outside the scope of discussion, and they certainly did,
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ุงู† ูŠู†ุธุฑูˆุง ู„ู„ุงู…ุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุฌู‡ุงุช ู†ุธุฑ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ู…ุง ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจู‡ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ,
15:27
to come up with their own lists.
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ูู‚ุฏ ุฎุฑุฌูˆุง ุจู‚ุงุฆู…ุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู‡ู… .
15:29
And the surprising thing was that the list was very similar --
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ูˆุงู„ู…ูุงุฌู‰ุก ุงู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู„ู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง --
15:31
with malnutrition and diseases at the top
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ูู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฉ
15:34
and climate change at the bottom.
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ูˆุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠ ููŠ ุฃุณูู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ .
15:36
We've done this many other times.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ู…ุฑุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ .
15:37
There's been many other seminars and university students, and different things.
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ู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ู…ุคุชู…ุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุงุช ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ .
15:40
They all come out with very much the same list.
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ูˆูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ูŠุฎุฑุฌูˆู† ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง .
15:43
And that gives me great hope, really, in saying that I do believe
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู…ู„ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุง ู„ู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู†ูŠ ุงุคู…ู†
15:47
that there is a path ahead to get us to start thinking about priorities,
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ุงู†ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู… ู‚ูŠู…ุง ูŠุฎุต ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจุงูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุชู†ุง .
15:52
and saying, what is the important thing in the world?
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ูˆููŠู…ุง ูŠุฎุต ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุงู‹ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุŸ
15:54
Of course, in an ideal world, again we'd love to do everything.
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ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงูƒุฑุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ู…ุซุงู„ูŠ ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุญู„ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก
15:57
But if we don't do it, then we can start thinking about where should we start?
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุจุงู…ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุฐุง , ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู† ู†ููƒุฑ ุจู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ู†ุจุฏุง ุงูˆู„ุง ุŸ
16:01
I see the Copenhagen Consensus as a process.
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ูˆุงู†ุง ุงุฑู‰ ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน ูƒูˆุจู†ู‡ุงุฌู† ู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ุฏู… .
16:03
We did it in 2004,
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ุงู†ุฌุฒู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2004 ,
16:05
and we hope to assemble many more people,
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ูˆุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุฌุฐุจ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุดุฎุงุต ,
16:06
getting much better information for 2008, 2012.
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ู„ู„ู…ุคุชู…ุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู… ุนุงู… 2008 ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู„ูŠู‡ ุนุงู… 2012
16:10
Map out the right path for the world --
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ู„ุฑุณู… ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู… .
16:12
but also to start thinking about political triage.
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ูˆู„ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุงูŠุถุง ุจุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฃูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ .
16:15
To start thinking about saying, "Let's do
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ูˆู„ู†ููƒุฑ ุจุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ " ู‡ูŠุง ู†ุนู…ู„
16:17
not the things where we can do very little at a very high cost,
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ู„ุง ุจุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณุชูƒู„ู ูƒุซูŠุฑุง ูˆุชู†ุชุฌ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ,
16:20
not the things that we don't know how to do,
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ูˆู„ุง ุจุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ู†ุนู„ู… ุจุนุฏ ู…ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ูุนู„ู‡ ุญูŠุงู„ู‡ุง ,
16:22
but let's do the great things where we can do an enormous
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ุจู„ ู‡ูŠุง ู„ู†ุนู…ู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงู† ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจู‡ุง ุฃุซุฑู†ุง
16:25
amount of good, at very low cost, right now."
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ุชุงุซูŠุฑุง ุฑุงุฆุนุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุจู‡ุง ุจูƒู„ูุฉ ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ ."
16:29
At the end of the day, you can disagree
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ูˆููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู† ุชุฎุชู„ู
16:31
with the discussion of how we actually prioritize these,
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ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจู‡ุง ุจุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุช ,
16:33
but we have to be honest and frank about saying,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู„ุงุจุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ุตุงุฏู‚ูŠู† ูˆุจู†ุฒุงู‡ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ,
16:36
if there's some things we do, there are other things we don't do.
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ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ู‚ู…ุช ุจุดูŠุก ู…ุง ูุงู†ูƒ ุณุชู‡ู…ู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุดูŠุก ุงุฎุฑ ุญุชู…ุง .
16:39
If we worry too much about some things,
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ูˆุงุฐุง ุบุฏูˆู†ุง ู†ู‚ู„ู‚ ุจุดุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ,
16:41
we end by not worrying about other things.
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ูุณูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุง ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ุจุงู† ู„ุง ู†ู‚ู„ู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠุก ุงุฎุฑ ุบูŠุฑู‡ .
16:43
So I hope this will help us make better priorities,
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ู„ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุชุงู… ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงูˆู„ูˆูŠุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ูŠุฉ ,
16:45
and think about how we better work for the world.
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ูˆุงู† ูŠุฌุนู„ู†ุง ู†ููƒุฑ ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงูุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุซู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุญูˆู„ู†ุง
16:47
Thank you.
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ูˆุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒู…
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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