What does the liver do? - Emma Bryce

Čemu služi jetra? - Ema Brajs (Emma Bryce)

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Anja Saric

There's a factory inside you that weighs about 1.4 kilograms

Unutar vas postoji fabrika koja teži oko 1,4 kilograma

and runs for 24 hours a day.

i radi 24 časa dnevno.

This is your liver, the heaviest organ in your body,

To je vaša jetra, najteži organ u vašem telu,

and one of the most crucial.

i jedan od najbitnijih.

This industrious structure simultaneously acts as a storehouse,

Ova vredna struktura u isto vreme služi kao skladište,

a manufacturing hub,

proizvodni pogon

and a processing plant.

i postrojenje za preradu.

And each of these functions involve so many important subtasks

Svaka od ovih funkcija uključuje toliko bitnih podoperacija

that without the liver, our bodies would simply stop working.

da bi naša tela bez jetre jednostavno prestala da rade.

One of the liver's main functions is to filter the body's blood,

Jedna od osnovnih funkcija jetre je da filtrira krv u telu,

which it receives in regular shipments from two sources:

koju dobija u redovnim turama iz dva izvora:

the hepatic artery delivers blood from the heart,

hepatična arterija doprima krv iz srca,

while the hepatic portal vein brings it from the intestine.

dok ga vena porta dovodi iz creva.

This double delivery fills the liver with nutrients,

Ovo dvostruko snabdevanje jetru puni hranljivim sastojcima,

that it then sorts, processes and stores

koje ona onda sortira, obrađuje i skladišti

with the help of thousands of tiny internal processing plants,

uz pomoć hiljada sićušnih unutrašnjih postrojenja za obradu,

known as lobules.

koje se nazivaju lobulama.

Both blood flows also deliver the oxygen that the liver needs to function.

Oba toka krvi dopremaju i kiseonik koji je jetri neophodan za funkcionisanje.

The blood that is received from the intestine

Krv koja dolazi iz creva sadrži

contains carbohydrates, fats,

ugljene hidrate, masti

and vitamins and other nutrients dissolved in it

i vitamine i druge hranljive sastojke koji su rastvoreni u njoj

from the food you've consumed.

iz hrane koju ste konzumirali.

Ovi sastojci moraju da se obrade na različite načine.

These must be processed in different ways.

In the case of carbohydrates,

Kod ugljenih hidrata,

the liver breaks them down and converts them into sugars

jetra ih razbija i pretvara u šećere

for the body to use as energy when the filtered blood is sent back out.

koje telo koristi kao energiju kada se filtrirana krv vraća nazad.

Sometimes the body has leftovers of nutrients

Ponekad telo ima ostatke hranljivih sastojaka

that it doesn't immediately require.

koji mu nisu potrebni tog trenutka.

When that happens, the liver holds some back,

Kada se to desi, jetra zadržava jedan deo

and stacks them in its storage facility.

i to slaže u skladištu.

This facility works like a pantry

Ovo skladište funkcioniše kao ostava

for future cases when the body might be in need of nutrients.

za buduće slučajeve kada telu možda budu trebali ovi sastojci.

But the blood flowing into the liver isn't always full of good things.

Ali krv koja dotiče u jetru nije uvek krcata dobrim stvarima.

It also contains toxins and byproducts that the body can't use.

Takođe sadrži toksine i nusproizvode koje telo ne može da iskoristi.

And the liver monitors these strictly.

A jetra ovo prati veoma pažljivo.

When it spots a useless or toxic substance,

Kada opazi supstancu koja je beskorisna ili toksična,

it either converts it into a product that can't hurt the body

ili je pretvara u proizvod koji ne može da naudi telu

or isolates it and whisks it away,

ili je izoluje i sklanja,

channeling it through the kidneys and intestine to be excreted.

tako što je usmerava kroz bubrege i creva, odakle se izbacuje napolje.

Of course, we wouldn't consider the liver a factory

Naravno, jetru ne bismo smatrali fabrikom

if it didn't also manufacture things.

ukoliko ne bi nešto i proizvodila.

This organ makes everything from various blood plasma proteins

Ovaj organ proizvodi sve od raznih proteina krvne plazme

that transport fatty acids and help form blood clots,

koji prenose masne kiseline i pomažu nastanak krvnih ugrušaka,

to the cholesterol that helps the body create hormones.

do holesterola koji telu pomaže da stvara hormone.

It also makes vitamin D and substances that help digestion.

Takođe stvara vitamin D i supstance koje pomažu varenje.

But one of its most vital products is bile.

Ali jedan od najbitnijih proizvoda jetre je žuč.

Like an eco-friendly treatment plant,

Poput ekološki usmerenog postrojenja za preradu,

the liver uses cells called hepatocytes

jetra koristi ćelije poznate kao hepatociti

to convert toxic waste products into this bitter greenish liquid.

kako bi transformisala toksični otpad u ovu gorku zelenkastu tečnost.

As it's produced, bile is funneled into a small container below the liver,

Dok se proizvodi, žuč se kanališe u mali sud ispod same jetre,

called the gallbladder,

koji se zove žučna kesa,

before being trickled into the intestine

pre nego što se slije u creva da pomogne

to help break down fats, destroy microbes, and neutralize extra stomach acid.

razgradnju masti, uništavanje mikroba i neutrališe višak stomačne kiseline.

Bile also helps carry other toxins and byproducts from the liver

Žuč takođe pomaže da se drugi toksini i nusproizvodi iz jetre nose

out of the body.

van tela.

So as you can see,

Kao što možete videti,

the liver is an extremely efficient industrial site,

jetra je veoma efikasno industrijsko postrojenje

performing multiple tasks that support each other.

koje vrši više zadataka koji podržavaju jedni druge.

But such a complex system needs to be kept running smoothly

Ali tako kompleksan sistem mora da funkcioniše glatko

by keeping it healthy

tako što ostaje zdrav

and not overloading it with more toxins than it can handle.

i ne preopterećuje se sa više toksina nego što može da podnese.

This is one factory we simply can't afford to shut down.

Ovo je fabrika čije zatvaranje prosto ne možemo dozvoliti.