What sex ed doesn’t tell you about your brain - Shannon Odell

Prevodilac: Milena Petrovic Lektor: Milenka Okuka

While we often talk about puberty’s effect on the body,

Dok često pričamo o uticaju puberteta na telo,

what gets overlooked are the fascinating changes that happen in the brain.

ono što previđamo su fascinantne promene koje se dešavaju u mozgu.

I’ve been sent here to talk to you about puberty.

Došao sam ovde da vam pričam o pubertetu.

Any questions?

Ima li pitanja?

During puberty, your reproductive organs grow and mature.

Tokom puberteta, vaši organi za reprodukciju rastu i sazrevaju.

Any questions?

Ima li pitanja?

This ripening allows you to become a sexually mature adult.

Ovo sazrevanje vam omogućava da postanete seksualno zrela odrasla osoba.

There are so many other changes to your body

Postoje mnoge druge promene na vašem telu

that puberty can seem almost magical.

tako da pubertet može da izgleda magično.

I think I'll take it from here.

Mislim da ću ja preuzeti odavde.

Puberty, in fact, begins in the brain.

Pubertet, u stvari, počinje u mozgu.

At some point, usually between the ages of 9 and 14,

U nekom trenutku, obično u uzrastu od devet i 14 godina,

puberty is triggered when a region known as the hypothalamus

pubertet se pokreće kada regija poznata kao hipotalamus

releases waves of a specialized hormone.

oslobađa talase specijalizovanog hormona.

As convenient as it would be to go to sleep a child and wake up an adult,

Koliko god bi bilo zgodno leći kao dete i probuditi se kao odrasla osoba,

this maturation is slow,

ovo sazrevanje je sporo,

and puberty lasts as long as 4 to 5 years.

i pubertet traje čak četiri do pet godina.

And during this extended process,

A tokom ovog dugog procesa,

the brain undergoes its own transformation,

mozak prolazi kroz sopstvenu transformaciju,

thanks to two of puberty’s key players— estrogen and testosterone.

zahvaljujući glavnim igračima puberteta— estrogenu i testosteronu.

Produced in the developing testes and ovaries,

Proizvedeni u testisima i jajnicima u razvoju,

these hormones hitch a ride to the brain via the bloodstream.

ovi hormoni stižu do mozga putem krvotoka.

Once there, they interact with receptors on neurons,

Kad stignu, oni dolaze u kontakt sa receptorima na neuronima,

changing the way the individual cells work and function

menjajući način na koji zasebne ćelije rade i funkcionišu

by making them more or less excitable, altering their growth,

čineći ih manje ili više nadražljivim, menjajući njihov rast,

or reshaping their connections.

ili preoblikujući njihove veze.

Cumulatively, this can change how you feel, think, and behave.

Sveukupno, ovo može promeniti kako se osećate, mislite i ponašate.

For example, hormones remodel and develop the limbic system,

Na primer, hormoni preobrazuju i razvijaju limbički sistem,

a collection of brain regions responsible for emotional behavior.

skup moždanih regija koje su odgovorne za emocionalno ponašanje.

Research in animal models suggests that the amygdala undergoes changes

Istraživanje na životinjama navodi da amigdala podleže promenama

in size and connectivity during puberty.

u veličini i povezanosti tokom puberteta.

The amygdala’s function is wide-ranging,

Funkcija amigdale je širokog spektra,

from detecting threats in your environment,

od otkrivanja pretnji u okruženju,

to helping you recognize emotions in your friend’s faces.

do prepoznavanja emocija na licima vaših prijatelja.

Its development allows you to better connect with your peers,

Njen razvoj omogućava bolju povezanost sa vršnjacima,

while priming your brain for learning and discovery.

dok vam priprema mozak za učenje i otkrivanje.

Likewise, puberty organizes and restructures the nucleus accumbens

Takođe, pubertet uređuje i restrukturiše nukleus akumbens

involved in reward and sensation-seeking.

koji je zadužen za nagrađivanje i traženje zadovoljstva.

Activity in this dopamine hub is thought to drive

Smatra se da aktivnost u ovom čvorištu dopamina pokreće

the pleasurable sensations we feel when doing rewarding activities,

prijatne senzacije koje osećamo kada radimo prijatne radnje,

like spending time with friends or having new experiences.

kao što su druženje s prijateljima ili doživljavanje novih iskustava.

Several studies have found

Nekoliko studija je pokazalo

that as hormone levels increase through puberty,

da kako nivo hormona raste kroz pubertet,

so does the response of the nucleus accumbens.

tako se javlja i odgovor nukleus akumbensa.

As a result, exploration and social engagement may feel

Kao ishod, istraživanje i druženje mogu da budu

that much more important during adolescence.

mnogo važniji tokom adolescencije.

As these emotion and reward centers rapidly develop,

Kako se ovi centri za emocije i nagrađivanje brzo razvijaju,

their connections with higher cortical brain regions tend to do so

njihove veze sa višim kortikalnim moždanim regijama teže da to rade

on an extended timeline.

neko duže vreme.

These cortical regions, which help impose emotional regulation and impulse control,

Ove kortikalne regije, koje nameću emocionalnu regulaciju i kontrolu impulsa,

continue to grow well past puberty, into your 20s.

nastavljaju da rastu i posle puberteta, u vašim dvadesetima.

While teens are often unfairly stereotyped as rash or impulsive,

Dok se za tinejdžere nepravedno misli da su ishitreni ili impulsivni,

research reveals a more complex story.

istraživanje otkriva složeniju priču.

Teens are just as capable as adults of making thoughtful decisions

Tinejdžeri su isto kao i odrasli sposobni da donose promišljene odluke

when given the time and space.

kad imaju vremena i prostora.

It’s only during high stress or in the heat of the moment

Samo tokom jakog stresa ili u afektu

that teens may find it more difficult to manage emotions.

tinejdžerima može da bude teže da kontrolišu emocije.

Further, this lengthy cortical development allows adolescent brains

Osim toga, ovaj dugi kortikalni razvoj omogućava adolescentskom mozgu

to remain adaptable as they learn and grow in new situations,

da ostane prilagodljiv dok uči i raste u novim situacijama,

form their identities, and build the skill sets needed for adulthood.

formira svoj identitet i gradi skup veština koje su potrebne za odraslo doba.

For all we know about the effects of puberty on the brain,

Koliko god da znamo o uticajima puberteta na mozak,

there remain many unanswered questions.

mnoga pitanja ostaju bez odgovora.

What sets off the initial puberty signal in the brain?

Šta pokreće prvobitni signal puberteta u mozgu?

Why is the average onset of puberty shifting earlier?

Zašto prosečan početak puberteta počinje sve ranije?

And, while hormones may seem powerful, they may not be the full story.

Iako hormoni mogu da deluju moćno, možda nisu cela priča.

Experiences you have during adolescence may be just as influential

Iskustva koja imate tokom adolescencije mogu da utiču

as hormones in shaping and maturing the developing brain.

koliko i hormoni na oblikovanje i sazrevanje mozga u razvoju.

So while all these physical and mental changes can make you feel

I dok zbog ovih fizičkih i mentalnih promena imate osećaj

as if puberty is in control,

da je pubertet taj koji ima kontrolu,

you have more power than you think.

imate veću moć nego što mislite.

The everyday choices you make,

Svakodnevni izbori koje pravite,

from learning new skills, to being a good friend, to setting boundaries,

od učenja novih veština, do toga da budete dobar prijatelj, do postavljanja granica,

ultimately steer the path of who you are and will become.

tabaju stazu za ono što jeste i ono što ćete biti.

Any questions?

Ima li pitanja?