What happens during a heart attack? - Krishna Sudhir

Kaj se zgodi med srčnim napadom? - Krishna Sudhir

Translator: Klavdija Cernilogar Reviewer: Matej Divjak

Approximately 7 million people around the world die from heart attacks every year,

Po svetu vsako leto okoli sedem milijonov ljudi umre zaradi srčnega napada.

and cardiovascular disease,

Bolezni srca in ožilja,

which causes heart attacks and other problems like strokes,

ki povzročajo srčne napade, pa tudi druge težave, kot je kap,

is the world's leading killer.

so največji svetovni povzročitelj smrti.

So what causes a heart attack?

Kaj privede do srčnega napada?

Like all muscles, the heart needs oxygen,

Kot vse mišice tudi srce potrebuje kisik,

med srčnim napadom pa ga ne dobi dovolj.

and during a heart attack, it can't get enough.

Fatty deposits, or plaques,

Maščobne obloge ali plaki

develop on the walls of our coronary arteries.

se razvijejo na stenah koronarnih arterij.

Those are the vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart.

Te žile dovajajo s kisikom bogato kri v srce.

These plaques grow as we age,

Plaki s starostjo rastejo,

sometimes getting chunky,

včasih odebelijo,

hardened,

otrdijo

or enflamed.

ali se vnamejo.

Sčasoma plaki lahko postanejo blokade.

Eventually, the plaques can turn into blockages.

If one of the plaques ruptures or cracks,

Če se plak raztrga ali poči,

a blood clot will form around it in minutes,

okoli njega nastane krvni strdek

in že deloma zaprta arterija lahko postane neprehodna.

and a partially closed artery can become completely blocked.

Blood flow is cut off to the cardiac muscle

Pretok krvi v srce je prekinjen

and the oxygen-starved cells start to die within several minutes.

in celice brez kisika v nekaj minutah začnejo odmirati.

This is a myocardial infarction,

To je miokardni infarkt

or heart attack.

ali srčni napad.

Things can rapidly deteriorate in the absence of treatment.

Brez posredovanja se stvari lahko hitro poslabšajo.

The injured muscle may not be able to pump blood as well,

Poškodovana mišica težje črpa kri

and its rhythm might be thrown off.

in morda izgubi ritem.

V najslabšem primeru srčni napad povzroči takojšnjo smrt.

In the worst case scenario, a heart attack can cause sudden death.

And how do you know that someone is having a heart attack?

Kako veste, da nekdo doživlja srčni napad?

The most common symptom is chest pain

Najpogostejši simptom je bolečina v prsih,

caused by the oxygen-deprived heart muscle.

ki jo povzroči pomanjkanje kisika v srčni mišici.

Patients describe it as crushing or vice-like.

Pacienti to opišejo kot stiskanje ali primež.

It can radiate to the left arm,

Bolečina se lahko razširi v levo roko,

jaw,

čeljust,

back,

hrbet

or abdomen.

ali trebuh.

But it's not always as sudden and dramatic as it is in the movies.

A ni vedno tako nenadno in dramatično kot v filmih.

Some people experience nausea

Nekateri izkusijo slabost

or shortness of breath.

ali dušenje.

Symptoms may be less prominent in women and the elderly.

Simptomi so lahko manj očitni pri ženskah in starejših.

For them, weakness and tiredness may be the main signal.

Pri njih je glavni znak lahko slabotnost in utrujenost.

And surprisingly, in many people,

In za presenetljivo veliko ljudi,

especially those with diabetes, which affects the nerves that carry pain,

posebej za diabetike, kjer bolezen vpliva na živce, ki prenašajo bolečino,

a heart attack may be silent.

je srčni napad lahko neviden.

If you think that someone might be having a heart attack,

Če sumite, da ima nekdo morda srčni napad,

the most important thing is to respond quickly.

je najpomembneje, da se hitro odzovete.

Če imate dostop do nujne zdravstvene pomoči, jo pokličite.

If you have access to emergency medical services, call them.

To je najhitrejša pot do bolnišnice.

They're the fastest way to get to a hospital.

Taking aspirin, which thins the blood,

Aspirin, ki redči kri,

and nitroglycerin, which opens up the artery,

in nitroglicerin, ki odpre arterijo,

can help keep the heart attack from getting worse.

lahko preprečita, da bi se srčni napad poslabšal.

In the emergency room, doctors can diagnose a heart attack.

Na urgenci zdravnik lahko prepozna srčni napad.

They commonly use an electrocardiogram

Ponavadi uporabi elektrokardiogram

to measure the heart's electrical activity

in izmeri električno dejavnost srca

ter s pregledom krvi oceni poškodbo srčne mišice.

and a blood test to assess heart muscle damage.

The patient is then taken to a high-tech cardiac suite

Pacienta potem odvedejo v tehnološko opremljeno sobo,

where tests are done to locate the blockages.

kjer s testi locirajo blokade.

Cardiologists can reopen the blocked artery

Kardiolog lahko odpre blokirano arterijo,

by inflating it with a balloon in a procedure called an angioplasty.

tako da jo napihne z balonom; postopek se imenuje angioplastika.

Frequently, they also insert a metal or polymer stent

Pogosto tudi vstavi kovinski ali polimerni stent,

that will hold the artery open.

ki drži arterijo odprto.

Večje blokade zahtevajo obvod koronarne arterije.

More extensive blockages might require coronary artery bypass surgery.

Using a piece of vein or artery from another part of the body,

Z delom vene ali arterije vzete drugje iz telesa

heart surgeons can reroute blood flow around the blockage.

srčni kirurg preusmeri tok krvi okoli blokade.

These procedures reestablish circulation to the cardiac muscle,

Ta postopek obnovi tok krvi v srčno mišico

restoring heart function.

in srce spet deluje.

Heart attack treatment is advancing,

Zdravljenje srčnega napada napreduje,

but prevention is vital.

a najpomembnejša je preventiva.

Genetics and lifestyle factors both affect your risk.

Genetika in življenjski stil vplivata na raven tveganja.

Dobra vest je, da življenjski stil lahko spremenite.

And the good news is that you can change your lifestyle.

Exercise, a healthy diet, and weight loss

Šport, zdrava prehrana in izguba telesne teže

all lower the risk of heart attacks,

vsi zmanjšujejo tveganje za srčni napad,

ne glede na to, ali ste ga že doživeli.

whether you've had one before or not.

Doctors recommend exercising a few times a week,

Zdravniki priporočajo telesno dejavnost večkrat tedensko,

tako aerobno dejavnost kot vaje za moč.

doing both aerobic activity and strength training.

A heart-healthy diet is low in sugar and saturated fats,

Srcu prijazna prehrana ima malo sladkorja in nasičenih maščob,

which are both linked to heart disease.

oboje je povezano z boleznimi srca.

Kaj naj bi torej jedli?

So what should you eat?

Lots of fiber from vegetables,

Veliko vlaknin iz zelenjave,

chicken and fish instead of red meat,

piščančje meso in ribe namesto rdečega mesa,

whole grains and nuts like walnuts and almonds

polnozrnate žitarice in oreške, recimo orehi in mandlji,

all seem to be beneficial.

vse to je, kot kaže, koristno.

A good diet and exercise plan can also keep your weight in a healthy range,

Dobra prehrana in gibanje tudi ohranita telesno težo v zdravem okviru,

which will lower your heart attack risk as well.

kar prav tako zmanjša tveganje za srčni napad.

And of course, medications can also help prevent heart attacks.

Seveda ga lahko pomagajo preprečiti tudi zdravila.

Doctors often prescribe low-dose aspirin, for example,

Zdravniki pogosto predpišejo nizke doze aspirina,

particularly for patients who've already had a heart attack

posebej ljudem, ki so že preživeli srčni napad,

and for those known to be at high risk.

in tistim z visokim tveganjem.

And drugs that help manage risk factors,

Zdravila, ki uravnavajo dejavnike tveganja,

like high blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes,

denimo visok krvni pritisk, holesterol in diabetes,

will make heart attacks less likely, too.

tudi zmanjšajo možnost za srčni napad.

Heart attacks may be common, but they don't have to be inevitable.

Srčni napadi so pogosti, a ni treba, da so neizogibni.

A healthy diet,

Zdrava prehrana,

avoiding tobacco use,

izogibanje tobaku,

staying fit,

dobra kondicija

and enjoying plenty of sleep and lots of laughter

in veliko spanja ter ogromno smeha

all go a long way in making sure your body's most important muscle

veliko pripomorejo k temu, da vaša najpomembnejša mišica

keeps on beating.

še naprej bije.