What does it mean to be a refugee? - Benedetta Berti and Evelien Borgman

1,477,944 views ・ 2016-06-16

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Katherine Cho κ²€ν† : Minseo Jeong
00:07
Around the globe,
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ
00:08
there are approximately 60 million people who have been forced to leave their homes
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μ•½ 6000만 λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ „μŸ, 폭λ ₯, 그리고 얡압을 ν”Όν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
00:13
to escape war, violence, and persecution.
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κ°•μ œλ‘œ 집을 λ– λ‚˜μ•Όλ§Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
The majority of them have become internally displaced persons,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ κ΅­λ‚΄ 유민이 λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
00:20
which means they have fled their homes but are still within their own countries.
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이듀은 집을 λ– λ‚¬μ§€λ§Œ 아직 μžμ‹ μ˜ κ΅­κ°€ 내에 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λœ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
Others have crossed a border and sought shelter outside of their own countries.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 이듀은 ꡭ경을 λ„˜μ–΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ—μ„œ ν”Όλ‚œμ²˜λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•˜μ£ .
00:31
They are commonly referred to as refugees.
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이듀이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν”νžˆ 'λ‚œλ―Ό'이라 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:33
But what exactly does that term mean?
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그런데 λ‚œλ―Όμ˜ μ •ν™•ν•œ μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
00:37
The world has known refugees for millennia,
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이 μ„Έμƒμ—λŠ” 수천 λ…„κ°„ λ‚œλ―Όμ΄ μžˆμ–΄ μ™”μ§€λ§Œ
00:39
but the modern definition was drafted in the UN's 1951 Convention
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ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” 1951λ…„ UN ν˜‘μ•½μ—μ„œ μ±„νƒλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
relating to the status of refugees
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이 ν˜‘μ•½μ€ 2μ°¨ μ„Έκ³„λŒ€μ „ λ™μ•ˆμ˜
00:46
in response to mass persecutions and displacements of the Second World War.
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λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ μ–΅μ••κ³Ό 이주에 λ”°λ₯Έ λ‚œλ―Όλ“€μ˜ 상황을 닀루고 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
00:52
It defines a refugee as someone who is outside their country of nationality,
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이 ν˜‘μ•½μ—μ„œ λ‚œλ―Όμ΄λž€ μžμ‹  ꡭ적의 λ‚˜λΌλ₯Ό λ– λ‚œ μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œ μ •μ˜λ˜κ³ 
00:57
and is unable to return to their home country
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μ–΅μ••λ°›λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‘λ €μ›€μœΌλ‘œ
00:59
because of well-founded fears of being persecuted.
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자ꡭ으둜 λŒμ•„κ°€μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
That persecution may be due to their race, religion, nationality,
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μ–΅μ•• λ°›λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ” 인쒅, 쒅ꡐ, ꡭ적
01:08
membership in a particular social group, or political opinion,
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νŠΉμ • μ‚¬νšŒ λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ κ°€μž…μ΄λ‚˜ μ •μΉ˜μ  의견 λ•Œλ¬ΈμΌ μˆ˜λ„ 있고
01:12
and is often related to war and violence.
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주둜 μ „μŸκ³Ό 폭λ ₯κ³Ό 관련이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
Today, roughly half the world's refugees are children,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ , μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚œλ―Όμ˜ μ•½ μ ˆλ°˜μ€ 아이듀이고
01:20
some of them unaccompanied by an adult,
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κ·Έ 쀑 λ³΄ν˜Έμžκ°€ μ—†λŠ” 일뢀 아이듀은
01:23
a situation that makes them especially vulnerable to child labor
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아동 λ…Έλ™μ΄λ‚˜ μ„±μ°©μ·¨μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ—
μ‰½κ²Œ λ…ΈμΆœλ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
or sexual exploitation.
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01:29
Each refugee's story is different,
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각 λ‚œλ―Όλ“€μ€ κ·Έλ“€λ§Œμ˜ 사연이 있고
01:31
and many must undergo dangerous journeys with uncertain outcomes.
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λΆˆν™•μ‹€ν•œ 미래λ₯Ό κ°€μ§„ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ 여정듀을 κ²¬λŽŒμ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
But before we get to what their journeys involve,
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그런데 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 여정에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κΈ° 전에,
01:39
let's clear one thing up.
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ν•œ κ°€μ§€ μ•Œμ•„ λ‘˜ 것이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
There's a lot of confusion regarding the difference between the terms
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"이민자"와 "λ‚œλ―Ό"의 차이점에 λŒ€ν•΄
01:44
"migrant" and "refugee."
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λ§Žμ€ ν˜Όλž€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
"Migrants" usually refers to people who leave their country
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"이민자"λŠ” 주둜 μ–΅μ••κ³Ό λ¬΄κ΄€ν•œ 이유둜
01:50
for reasons not related to persecution,
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μžκ΅­μ„ λ– λ‚˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μΌμ»«λŠ” λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
such as searching for better economic opportunities
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ 더 λ‚˜μ€ 경제적 기회λ₯Ό μ°Ύκ±°λ‚˜
01:55
or leaving drought-stricken areas in search of better circumstances.
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가뭄에 μ‹œλ‹¬λ¦¬λŠ” 지역을 λ– λ‚˜ 더 쒋은 ν™˜κ²½μ„ μ°Ύμ•„κ°€λŠ” 경우죠.
02:00
There are many people around the world who have been displaced
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이 μ„Έμƒμ˜ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 집을 λ– λ‚˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
02:03
because of natural disasters,
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μžμ—° μž¬ν•΄
02:05
food insecurities,
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μ‹λŸ‰ 문제
02:06
and other hardships,
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그리고 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ΄ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:08
but international law, rightly or wrongly,
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κ΅­μ œλ²•μ€ μ—¬ν•˜κ°„
02:10
only recognizes those fleeing conflict and violence as refugees.
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λŒ€λ¦½κ³Ό 폭λ ₯μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ„λ§μΉ˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ§Œ λ‚œλ―ΌμœΌλ‘œ μΈμ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
So what happens when someone flees their country?
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그러면 μžμ‹ μ˜ λ‚˜λΌλ₯Ό λ– λ‚œ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
02:21
Most refugee journeys are long and perilous
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ λ‚œλ―Όλ“€μ˜ 여정은 맀우 κΈΈκ³  ν—˜λ‚œν•˜λ©°
02:24
with limited access to shelter, water, or food.
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μ£Όκ±°μ§€, λ¬Ό, 그리고 μŒμ‹μ— μ œν•œμ„ λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
Since the departure can be sudden and unexpected,
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κΈ‰μž‘μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ λ– λ‚  μˆ˜λ„ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:30
belongings might be left behind,
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μž¬μ‚°μ„ 버리고 λ– λ‚  μˆ˜λ„ 있고
02:33
and people who are evading conflict often do not have the required documents,
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λŒ€λ¦½μ„ ν”Όν•΄ λ– λ‚œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ ν”νžˆ λΉ„μžμ™€ 같이 ν•„μš”ν•œ λ¬Έμ„œλ“€μ΄ μ—†μ–΄μ„œ
02:37
like visas, to board airplanes and legally enter other countries.
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λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λ₯Ό νƒ€κ±°λ‚˜ ν•©λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°ˆ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
Financial and political factors can also prevent them from traveling
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경제적, μ •μΉ˜μ  μš”μΈ λ•Œλ¬ΈμΈ κ²½μš°λŠ”
정상적인 경둜둜 이동할 μˆ˜λ„ μ—†μ£ .
02:46
by standard routes.
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02:48
This means they can usually only travel by land or sea,
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κ·Έλ•ŒλŠ” μœ‘μƒμ΄λ‚˜ λ°”λ‹€λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œλ§Œ 이동할 수 밖에 μ—†κ³ 
02:51
and may need to entrust their lives to smugglers
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μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ λͺ©μˆ¨μ„ λ°€μˆ˜μ—…μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ§‘κΈ΄ 채
02:54
to help them cross borders.
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ꡭ경을 λ„˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
Whereas some people seek safety with their families,
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μ–΄λ–€ 이듀은 κ°€μ‘±λ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ ν”Όμ‹ ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
03:00
others attempt passage alone and leave their loved ones behind
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 이듀은 혼자 이동을 μ‹œλ„ν•˜λ©° μ‚¬λž‘ν•˜λŠ” 이듀을 뒀에 남겨두고
03:03
with the hopes of being reunited later.
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λ‚˜μ€‘μ— μž¬νšŒν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λΌλŠ” 희망을 κ°€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
This separation can be traumatic and unbearably long.
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이 헀어짐은 맀우 좩격적이고 견디지 λͺ»ν•  μ •λ„λ‘œ κΈΈ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
While more than half the world's refugees are in cities,
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μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚œλ―Όμ˜ 절반 이상이 λ„μ‹œμ— μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:13
sometimes the first stop for a person fleeing conflict is a refugee camp,
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” λ‚œλ―Όμ΄Œμ΄ μ „μŸ λ‚œλ―Όμ˜ 첫 도착지가 λ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
usually run by the United Nations Refugee Agency or local governments.
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이 λ‚œλ―Όμ΄Œμ€ μœ μ—” λ‚œλ―ΌκΈ°κ΅¬λ‚˜ μ§€μžμ²΄κ°€ 주둜 μš΄μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
Refugee camps are intended to be temporary structures,
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λ‚œλ―Όμ΄Œμ€ μž„μ‹œ 건물둜 λ˜μ–΄ 있고 단기적인 μ£Όκ±°μ§€λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
offering short-term shelter until inhabitants can safely return home,
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κ±°μ£Όμžλ“€μ΄ μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ 집에 λŒμ•„κ°€κ±°λ‚˜
03:30
be integrated to the host country,
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ν˜„μ§€ ꡭ가에 ν†΅ν•©λ˜κ±°λ‚˜
03:32
or resettle in another country.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌμ— μ •μ°©ν•  λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ 말이죠.
03:35
But resettlement and long-term integration options are often limited.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μž¬μ •μ°©κ³Ό μž₯기적 ν†΅ν•©μ˜ 선택은 주둜 μ œν•œμ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
So many refugees are left with no choice but to remain in camps for years
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‚œλ―Όλ“€μ€ μ–΄μ©” 수 없이 수 λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ λ‚œλ―Όμ΄Œμ—μ„œ μ§€λ‚΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ 
03:44
and sometimes even decades.
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” μˆ˜μ‹­ 년이 될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
Once in a new country, the first legal step for a displaced person
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ‚˜λΌμ— 였면 λ‚œλ―Όμ˜ 첫 합법적 λ‹¨κ³„λŠ”
03:51
is to apply for asylum.
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망λͺ… 신청을 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
At this point, they are an asylum seeker
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κ·Έ μ‹œμ λΆ€ν„° 그듀은 망λͺ… μ‹ μ²­μžμ΄λ©°
03:56
and not officially recognized as a refugee until the application has been accepted.
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신청이 수락이 될 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚œλ―ΌμœΌλ‘œ μΈμ •λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
While countries by and large agree on one definition of refugee,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ΄ λŒ€μ²΄λ‘œ λ‚œλ―Όμ„ μΈμ •ν•˜κΈ°λŠ” ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
04:04
every host country is responsible for examining all requests for asylum
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망λͺ… 수용 ꡭ가듀은 λͺ¨λ“  망λͺ… 신청을 μ‹¬μ‚¬ν•˜κ³ 
04:09
and deciding whether applicants can be granted the status of refugee.
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μ‹ μ²­μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ‚œλ―Ό 신뢄을 λΆ€μ—¬ν• μ§€μ˜ 결정을 κ΄€ν• ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
Different countries guidelines can vary substantially.
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이에 λŒ€ν•œ 각ꡭ의 기쀀은 μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ λ‹€λ₯Ό 수 있죠.
04:17
Host countries have several duties
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망λͺ… μˆ˜μš©κ΅­μ€ λ‚œλ―ΌμœΌλ‘œ μΈμ •ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄
04:19
towards people they have recognized as refugees,
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λͺ‡ κ°€μ§€ μ˜λ¬΄μ‚¬ν•­μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
like the guarantee of a minimum standard of treatment and non-discrimination.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ μ²˜μš°μ™€ λ¬΄μ°¨λ³„μ˜ μ΅œμ†Œ 기쀀을 보μž₯ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜μ£ .
04:27
The most basic obligation towards refugees is non-refoulement,
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λ‚œλ―Όλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ°€μž₯ 기본적인 μ˜λ¬΄λŠ” κ°•μ œμ†‘ν™˜ κΈˆμ§€μ΄λ©°,
04:31
a principle preventing a nation from sending an individual
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μ΄λŠ” μ–΄λŠ κ΅­κ°€κ°€ ν•œ κ°œμΈμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ
04:35
to a country where their life and freedom are threatened.
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그의 λͺ©μˆ¨κ³Ό μžμœ κ°€ μœ„ν˜‘λ˜λŠ” λ‚˜λΌλ‘œ λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” 것을 κΈˆμ§€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
In reality, however, refugees are frequently the victims
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν˜„μ‹€μ—μ„œ λ‚œλ―Όλ“€μ€ ν”νžˆ
04:41
of inconsistent and discriminatory treatment.
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일관성이 μ—†κ³  차별적인 λŒ€μš°μ˜ ν”Όν•΄μžλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:45
They're increasingly obliged to rebuild their lives in the face of xenophobia
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그듀은 μžμ‹ μ˜ 삢을 λ‹€μ‹œ 일ꡬ며 이민쑱 ν˜μ˜€μ™€ 인쒅 차별에
04:49
and racism.
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λŒ€ν•­ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜μ£ .
04:50
And all too often, they aren't permitted to enter the work force
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그리고 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ κ²½μš°μ— 그듀은 직업을 κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μ—†κ³ 
04:54
and are fully dependent on humanitarian aid.
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μ˜€λ‘œμ§€ μΈλ„μ£Όμ˜μ  지원에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
In addition, far too many refugee children are out of school
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ λ‚œλ―Ό 아이듀은 ꡐ윑 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ 지원이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•΄μ„œ
05:01
due to lack of funding for education programs.
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학ꡐλ₯Ό 닀닐 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
If you go back in your own family history,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 가쑱사λ₯Ό λ’€λŒμ•„λ³΄λ©΄
05:07
chances are you will discover that at a certain point,
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μ•„λ§ˆ μ–΄λŠ μ‹œμ μ—
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 쑰상듀이 μ „μŸ ν˜Ήμ€ 차별과 얡압을 ν”Όν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
05:11
your ancestors were forced from their homes,
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05:13
either escaping a war or fleeing discrimination and persecution.
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집을 λ– λ‚˜μ•Ό ν–ˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 λ°œκ²¬ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
It would be good of us to remember their stories
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ν˜„μž¬ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 집을 μ°Ύμ•„ λ– λ‚˜λŠ” λ‚œλ―Όλ“€μ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό μ ‘ν•  λ•Œ
05:22
when we hear of refugees currently displaced,
91
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우리 μ‘°μƒμ˜ 이야기듀을 λ– μ˜¬λ € λ³΄λŠ” 것도 쒋을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
searching for a new home.
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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