How stress affects your body - Sharon Horesh Bergquist

7,853,871 views ใƒป 2015-10-22

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:08
Cramming for a test?
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ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ?
00:10
Trying to get more done than you have time to do?
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ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื?
00:14
Stress is a feeling we all experience when we are challenged or overwhelmed.
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ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืืชื’ืจ ืื• ืขื•ืžืก.
00:20
But more than just an emotion,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืกืชื ืจื’ืฉ,
00:22
stress is a hardwired physical response that travels throughout your entire body.
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ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื•ื ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืžื—ื•ื•ื˜ืช ืฉื ืขื” ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื›ื.
00:29
In the short term, stress can be advantageous,
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ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ, ืœื—ืฅ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ,
00:31
but when activated too often or too long,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืื• ืœื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ืžื“ื™,
00:35
your primitive fight or flight stress response
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ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื”ื™ืœื—ื ืื• ื‘ืจื— ื”ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื
00:38
not only changes your brain
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ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื
00:40
but also damages many of the other organs and cells throughout your body.
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ื•ื’ื ืคื•ื’ืžืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืชืื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื›ื.
00:46
Your adrenal gland releases the stress hormones
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ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช ื”ืื“ืจื ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช ืืช ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืœื—ืฅ
00:49
cortisol, epinephrine, also known as adrenaline,
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ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ, ืืคื™ื ืคืจื™ืŸ, ืฉื ืงืจื ื’ื ืื“ืจื ืœื™ืŸ,
00:53
and norepinephrine.
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ื•ื ื•ืจืืคื™ื ืคืจื™ืŸ.
00:55
As these hormones travel through your blood stream,
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ื›ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื–ืจื ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื›ื,
00:57
they easily reach your blood vessels and heart.
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ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื ื•ืœืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ื.
01:01
Adrenaline causes your heart to beat faster
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ืื“ืจื ืœื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืœืคืขื•ื ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:03
and raises your blood pressure, over time causing hypertension.
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ืžืขืœื” ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื›ื, ื•ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
01:09
Cortisol can also cause the endothelium, or inner lining of blood vessels,
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ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ื“ื•ืชืœ-- ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื--
01:13
to not function normally.
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ืœืชืคืงื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื ื•ืจืžืœื™.
01:16
Scientists now know that this is an early step
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ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื–ื” ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื
01:18
in triggering the process of atherosclerosis
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ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื˜ืจืฉืช ืขื•ืจืงื™ื,
01:22
or cholesterol plaque build up in your arteries.
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ืื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
01:25
Together, these changes increase your chances of a heart attack or stroke.
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ื™ื—ื“, ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื›ื ืœื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘ ืื• ืฉื‘ืฅ.
01:31
When your brain senses stress,
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ื›ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ื—ืฉ ืœื—ืฅ,
01:33
it activates your autonomic nervous system.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
01:36
Through this network of nerve connections,
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ื“ืจืš ืจืฉืช ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฆื‘ื™ื™ื,
01:38
your big brain communicates stress to your enteric,
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ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืฉื“ืจ ืœื—ืฅ
01:42
or intestinal nervous system.
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ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื.
01:47
Besides causing butterflies in your stomach,
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ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื— ืœืžืขื™ื™ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ื ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืคืจืคืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ,
01:49
this brain-gut connection can disturb the natural rhythmic contractions
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ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
01:54
that move food through your gut,
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ืฉืžื ื™ืขื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื,
01:56
leading to irritable bowel syndrome,
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ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืขื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ื–,
01:59
and can increase your gut sensitivity to acid,
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืœื—ื•ืžืฆื”,
02:02
making you more likely to feel heartburn.
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ืžื” ืฉื™ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœื›ื ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฆืจื‘ืช.
02:05
Via the gut's nervous system,
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ื“ืจืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื,
02:07
stress can also change the composition and function of your gut bacteria,
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ืœื—ืฅ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื’ื ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื,
02:13
which may affect your digestive and overall health.
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ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื›ื.
02:16
Speaking of digestion, does chronic stress affect your waistline?
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ื•ืื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื”ืื ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืจื•ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืงื• ื”ืžื•ืชื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื?
02:20
Well, yes.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืŸ.
02:22
Cortisol can increase your appetite.
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ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื.
02:24
It tells your body to replenish your energy stores
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื’ื•ืคื›ื ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
02:27
with energy dense foods and carbs, causing you to crave comfort foods.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ื ืœื”ืฉืชื•ืงืง ืœืžืื›ืœื™ื ืžื ื—ืžื™ื.
02:33
High levels of cortisol can also cause you to put on those extra calories
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ืจืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื’ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื“ืคื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
02:37
as visceral or deep belly fat.
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ื‘ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืง.
02:40
This type of fat doesn't just make it harder to button your pants.
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ืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืœื ืจืง ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื.
02:44
It is an organ that actively releases hormones
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ื–ื”ื• ืื™ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืฉื—ืจืจ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™
02:46
and immune system chemicals called cytokines
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ื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื ืฆื™ื˜ื•ืงื™ื ื™ื,
02:50
that can increase your risk of developing chronic diseases,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืœืคืชื— ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
02:53
such as heart disease and insulin resistance.
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ื›ืžื• ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื•ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืื™ื ืกื•ืœื™ืŸ.
02:56
Meanwhile, stress hormones affect immune cells in a variety of ways.
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ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืœื—ืฅ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืชืื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
03:01
Initially, they help prepare to fight invaders and heal after injury,
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ื”ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื ื•ืœืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ืคืฆื™ืขื”,
03:06
but chronic stress can dampen function of some immune cells,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืจื•ื ื™ ืืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฉ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ,
03:10
make you more susceptible to infections, and slow the rate you heal.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืชื›ื ืœืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื, ื•ืœื”ืื˜ ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ืืชื ืžื—ืœื™ืžื™ื.
03:15
Want to live a long life?
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ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื?
03:17
You may have to curb your chronic stress.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื›ืจื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื›ื.
03:19
That's because it has even been associated with shortened telomeres,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืงืฉืจ ืœื˜ืœื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืฆืจื™ื,
03:23
the shoelace tip ends of chromosomes that measure a cell's age.
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ืื•ืชื ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื•ืžื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื, ืฉืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืชื.
03:28
Telomeres cap chromosomes
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ื˜ืœื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื›ืกื™ื ื›ืจื•ืžื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื
03:30
to allow DNA to get copied every time a cell divides
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœ-DNA ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืคืœ ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืชื ืžืชื—ืœืง,
03:33
without damaging the cell's genetic code,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ื ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื.
03:36
and they shorten with each cell division.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืชืงืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ืชื ืžืชื—ืœืง.
03:39
When telomeres become too short, a cell can no longer divide and it dies.
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ื›ืฉื˜ืœื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื“ื™, ื”ืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืช.
03:44
As if all that weren't enough,
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ื•ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื›ื,
03:46
chronic stress has even more ways it can sabotage your health,
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ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืจื•ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื’ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช,
03:50
including acne,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคืฆืขื™ ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช,
03:51
hair loss,
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ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืฉื™ืขืจ,
03:53
sexual dysfunction,
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ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžื™ื ื™,
03:54
headaches,
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ื›ืื‘ื™ ืจืืฉ,
03:55
muscle tension,
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ืžืชื— ืฉืจื™ืจื™,
03:56
difficulty concentrating,
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ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ื–,
03:58
fatigue,
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ืชืฉื™ืฉื•ืช,
03:59
and irritability.
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ื•ืจื’ื–ื ื•ืช.
04:01
So, what does all this mean for you?
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ืื– ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื?
04:03
Your life will always be filled with stressful situations.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืœื—ืฅ.
04:07
But what matters to your brain and entire body
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืฉื ื” ืœืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื, ื•ืœืฉืืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ,
04:10
is how you respond to that stress.
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ื–ื” ืื™ืš ืืชื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืœื—ืฅ ื”ื–ื”.
04:13
If you can view those situations as challenges you can control and master,
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ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื›ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืœื•ื˜,
04:18
rather than as threats that are insurmountable,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืื™ื•ื ืขืœื™ื• ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ,
04:21
you will perform better in the short run and stay healthy in the long run.
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ืชืชืคืงื“ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ื•ืชื™ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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