How stress affects your body - Sharon Horesh Bergquist

7,853,871 views ・ 2015-10-22

TED-Ed


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Prevoditelj: Jasmina Sevo Recezent: Sanda L
00:08
Cramming for a test?
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Štrebate za test?
00:10
Trying to get more done than you have time to do?
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Pokušavate prijeći više no što vam vrijeme dopušta?
00:14
Stress is a feeling we all experience when we are challenged or overwhelmed.
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Stres je osjećaj koji svi iskusimo kad smo pred izazovom ili smo preopterećeni.
00:20
But more than just an emotion,
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Ali ne samo obična emocija,
00:22
stress is a hardwired physical response that travels throughout your entire body.
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stres je instinktivna fizička reakcija koja prožima cijelo vaše tijelo.
00:29
In the short term, stress can be advantageous,
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Kratkoročno gledano, stres može biti koristan,
00:31
but when activated too often or too long,
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ali ako se prečesto aktivira ili traje previše dugo,
00:35
your primitive fight or flight stress response
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vaša instinktivna reakcija 'bori se ili bježi'
00:38
not only changes your brain
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ne samo da mijenja vaš mozak,
00:40
but also damages many of the other organs and cells throughout your body.
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nego oštećuje i mnoge druge organe i stanice u čitavom tijelu.
00:46
Your adrenal gland releases the stress hormones
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Nadbubrežna žlijezda oslobađa hormone stresa
00:49
cortisol, epinephrine, also known as adrenaline,
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kortizol, epinefrin, poznat i kao adrenalin,
00:53
and norepinephrine.
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te norepinefrin.
00:55
As these hormones travel through your blood stream,
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Kako ovi hormoni putuju krvotokom,
00:57
they easily reach your blood vessels and heart.
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lako dolaze do krvnih žila i srca.
01:01
Adrenaline causes your heart to beat faster
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Adrenalin uzrokuje da vam srce brže kuca
01:03
and raises your blood pressure, over time causing hypertension.
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i diže vam krvni tlak koji vremenom dovodi do hipertenzije.
01:09
Cortisol can also cause the endothelium, or inner lining of blood vessels,
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Kortizol također može prouzročiti da endotelij, unutarnji sloj krvnih žila,
01:13
to not function normally.
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ne funkcionira normalno.
01:16
Scientists now know that this is an early step
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Znanstvenici sada znaju da je ovo rani korak
01:18
in triggering the process of atherosclerosis
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u poticanju procesa ateroskleroze
01:22
or cholesterol plaque build up in your arteries.
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ili nakupljanja kolesterola u arterijama.
01:25
Together, these changes increase your chances of a heart attack or stroke.
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Ove promjene zajedno mogu povećati rizik za srčani ili moždani udar.
01:31
When your brain senses stress,
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Kad mozak osjeti stres,
01:33
it activates your autonomic nervous system.
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on aktivira autonomni živčani sustav.
01:36
Through this network of nerve connections,
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Ovom mrežom živčanih veza,
01:38
your big brain communicates stress to your enteric,
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veliki mozak prenosi stres na enterični
01:42
or intestinal nervous system.
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ili crijevni živčani sustav.
01:47
Besides causing butterflies in your stomach,
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Osim što izaziva leptiriće u trbuhu,
01:49
this brain-gut connection can disturb the natural rhythmic contractions
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ova veza između mozga i crijeva može poremetiti prirodne ritmičke kontrakcije
01:54
that move food through your gut,
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koje provode hranu kroz crijeva,
01:56
leading to irritable bowel syndrome,
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što dovodi do sindroma iritabilnog crijeva
01:59
and can increase your gut sensitivity to acid,
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i može povećati osjetljivost crijeva na kiselinu,
02:02
making you more likely to feel heartburn.
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povećavajući vjerojatnost za pojavu žgaravice.
02:05
Via the gut's nervous system,
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Preko crijevnog živčanog sustava,
02:07
stress can also change the composition and function of your gut bacteria,
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stres također može promijeniti sastav i funkciju crijevnih bakterija,
02:13
which may affect your digestive and overall health.
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što može utjecati na probavu i opće zdravlje.
02:16
Speaking of digestion, does chronic stress affect your waistline?
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Kada smo kod probave, ima li kronični stres utjecaja na liniju?
02:20
Well, yes.
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Pa, ima.
02:22
Cortisol can increase your appetite.
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Kortizol može povećati apetit.
02:24
It tells your body to replenish your energy stores
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On govori tijelu da obnovi zalihe energije
02:27
with energy dense foods and carbs, causing you to crave comfort foods.
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visokokaloričnom hranom i ugljikohidratima dovodeći do želje za 'hranom za utjehu'.
02:33
High levels of cortisol can also cause you to put on those extra calories
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Visoke razine kortizola mogu prouzročiti da nabacite dodatne kalorije
02:37
as visceral or deep belly fat.
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kao što je visceralno ili trbušno salo, duboko u abdomenu.
02:40
This type of fat doesn't just make it harder to button your pants.
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Ova vrsta sala ne otežava vam samo zakopčati hlače.
02:44
It is an organ that actively releases hormones
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Ono je organ koji aktivno otpušta hormone
02:46
and immune system chemicals called cytokines
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i kemikalije imunološkog sustava po imenu citokini,
02:50
that can increase your risk of developing chronic diseases,
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koji mogu povećati rizik za razvoj kroničnih bolesti,
02:53
such as heart disease and insulin resistance.
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kao što su srčane bolesti i inzulinska rezistencija.
02:56
Meanwhile, stress hormones affect immune cells in a variety of ways.
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S druge strane, hormoni stresa utječu na imunološke stanice na više načina.
03:01
Initially, they help prepare to fight invaders and heal after injury,
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Prvo, pomažu u pripremi za borbu protiv napadača i oporavku nakon povrede,
03:06
but chronic stress can dampen function of some immune cells,
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ali kronični stres može oslabiti funkciju nekih stanica imuniteta,
03:10
make you more susceptible to infections, and slow the rate you heal.
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učiniti vas podložnijim infekcijama i usporiti brzinu oporavka.
03:15
Want to live a long life?
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Želite živjeti dugo?
03:17
You may have to curb your chronic stress.
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Možda ćete morati zauzdati taj kronični stres.
03:19
That's because it has even been associated with shortened telomeres,
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Zato što je to čak povezano sa skraćenim telomerima,
03:23
the shoelace tip ends of chromosomes that measure a cell's age.
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visuljcima nalik vezicama na krajevima kromosoma koji mjere starost stanice.
03:28
Telomeres cap chromosomes
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Telomeri natkrivaju kromosome
03:30
to allow DNA to get copied every time a cell divides
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kako bi dozvolili da se DNK kopira svaki put kad se stanica podijeli,
03:33
without damaging the cell's genetic code,
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a da se ne ošteti genetski kod stanice,
03:36
and they shorten with each cell division.
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a svakom podjelom stanice one se skraćuju.
03:39
When telomeres become too short, a cell can no longer divide and it dies.
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Kada telomeri postanu prekratki, stanica se ne može više dijeliti i umire.
03:44
As if all that weren't enough,
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Kao da to sve nije dovoljno,
03:46
chronic stress has even more ways it can sabotage your health,
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kronični stres ima još načina na koje može sabotirati vaše zdravlje,
03:50
including acne,
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uključujući akne,
03:51
hair loss,
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gubitak kose,
03:53
sexual dysfunction,
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seksualnu disfunkciju,
03:54
headaches,
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glavobolje,
03:55
muscle tension,
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mišićnu napetost,
03:56
difficulty concentrating,
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teškoće u koncentraciji,
03:58
fatigue,
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umor
03:59
and irritability.
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i razdražljivost.
04:01
So, what does all this mean for you?
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Pa, što sve ovo znači vama?
04:03
Your life will always be filled with stressful situations.
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Vaš život će uvijek biti ispunjen stresnim situacijama.
04:07
But what matters to your brain and entire body
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Ali, ono što je važno za mozak i cijelo tijelo
04:10
is how you respond to that stress.
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je kako vi reagirate na taj stres.
04:13
If you can view those situations as challenges you can control and master,
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Ako na te situacije gledate kao na izazove koje možete kontrolirati i svladati,
04:18
rather than as threats that are insurmountable,
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a ne kao na prijetnje koje su nepremostive,
04:21
you will perform better in the short run and stay healthy in the long run.
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ubrzo ćete raditi bolje i duže ćete ostati zdravi.
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